词法翻译篇
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一节翻译中的选义
一
1. 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。
He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing[1] in the hospital.
2. 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。
The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.
3. 豪华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture
4. 我那新郎官哪！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯仅洞房。
My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!
二、量词搭配
1. 一窝蜜蜂 a swarm of bees 一窝小鸡 a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬 a litter of pups
2. 一群美女 a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群猎狗 a pack of hounds
一群鸭 a team of ducks 一群羚羊 a herd of antelopes
3. 积极支持 unfailing support 积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy
积极利用国外资源 make effective use of overseas resources
4. 打电话 make a phone call 打的 take a taxi 打毛衣 knit a woolen sweater
打水 fetch water 打农药 spray insecticide
5. 基本工资 basic wage 基本建设 capital construction 基本物质 essential commodity
基本工业 primary industry 基本利益 fundamental interest
三、翻译句子（“意见”与“事”）
1.两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。
The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
2.党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。
Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.
3.他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.
4.大家对这一做法很有意见。
Everyone complained against such a practice.
5.他们在会上闹起了意见。
They had a dispute at the meeting.
6.你应该听从医生的意见。
You should follow the doctor’s advice.
7.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
They reached a consensus on this issue.
8.还有些未完成的事要处理。
There is still some unfinished business to settle.
9.我们就这件事请教过他。
We have consulted him about the matter.
10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
第二节翻译中的选词
那要看情况如何。 That depends upon circumstances.
这种情况必须改变。 This state of affairs must be changed.
他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them?
严格训练，严格要求。 Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.
开船 set sail 开盘 open quotation 开工 go into operation
1.连续下了三天大雨。
It rained cats and dogs three days on end/ in succession.
2.他爱说大话。
He like talking big/large/horse/tall. He likes saying big words.
3.他们在给教师大扫除。
They are giving the classroom a good (general/spring/thorough) clean.
4.他这样的人大有人在。
A person like him is by no means/ in no way/ on no account rare.
5.根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。
We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.
6.如果你那样干，你大错特错了。
If you do it like that, you’ll be completely mistaken/ be absolutely wrong/ make a big mistake/ make a major blunder/ commit a very gross error.
第三节翻译中的多样性
1.你两个已是情投意合，竟把你许了他，岂不好？
IT sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind. How would it be if we wee to betroth you to him.
2.一面说，一面咬牙切齿的，又说道……
Through clenched teeth he added...
3.他倒不怨我，他临死咬牙切齿，倒恨宝玉呢。
She bore me grudge. It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with rage just before she died
4.凤姐忙收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罢了，有什么大惊小姑的！”
But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. “If she’s dead,” she retorted, “What’s all the fuss about?”
成语翻译
1.我说你“得陇望蜀”呢。
The more you get, the more you want.
2.得陇望蜀，人之常情。
It’s only natural for man to hanker for more.
3.他们两个鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在说些什么。
Goodness knows what they’re being so secretive about.
4.这两天她经常往这里跑，鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。
She’s been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what she’s up to.
5.谁告诉你们了？你们这样大惊小怪的。
Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?
6.还是随便一点吧，不必大惊小怪的。
Anything will do; don’t fuss.
7.奶奶病着呢，别大惊小怪的
Our grandma is ill; don’t kick up such a shindy[2].
8.大家听了，说：“我当是谁呢，这样大惊小怪的。没必要吧。”
When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered, but this isn’t worth making such a fuss about.”
第二章词法翻译得到一般技巧
第一节对等译法
一、翻译句子
1.只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.
2.再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。
Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.
3.寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒地从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体
是做人做事的真正本钱。
Dear young friends, my advice to you：Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal[3] for a successful life and career.
二、翻译成语
浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters 称心如意be after one’s own heart
皮包骨头 skin and bones 一触即发 touch and go
一语道破 hit the nail on the head 出人头地 be head and shoulders above others
充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 破釜沉舟burn one’s boat
视而不见 turn a blind eye to 大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of hay
三、翻译谚语
熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 欲速则不达 More haste, less speed.
出门一里，不如家里。East or west, home is best.
拉入篮里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net.
皇天不负有心人。Everything comes to him who waits.
小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines
三思而后行。Look before you leap.
无风不起浪。There is no smoke without fire.
第二节增词译法
一、注意增补代词
请把练习本交上来。 Hand in your exercise-book, please.
我不能用英语表达思想。I can’t express myself in Englis h.
自由主义观有各种表现。 Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.
不要过分劳累。Don’t overwork yourself.
我想借此机会向你们表达我们的感谢。I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.
二、注意增补动词
他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.
他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.
他眼明手快。He is quick of eye and deft of hand.
这篇文章浅显易懂。 This article is easy to read and understand.
我对他敬而远之。 I stood aloof from him.
三、从文化角度增补词语
凭你有李、杜的文，颜、曾的行，却是也没一个人来问你。
You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen—both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.
班门弄斧to show off one’s proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter
济公劫富济贫 Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor
百花齐放 let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views
黑孩子black children, who are born in violation of China’s one-child policy
第三节减词译法
一、注意省略原文的范畴词
改革开放扭转了经济停滞不前的局面。
Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.
讨论的范围涉及中美关系。
The discussion covered Sino-US relations.
1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.