一、冠词
◆热点考点：
第1类：不定冠词a与an的区别。
例题(1)：07广一模“语法填空”
I worked part-time and bought her 38 expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.
例题(3)：07深一模“语法填空”
In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, 31 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop 32 sat at a table.
例题(4)：09深一模“语法填空”
One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw 31 elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.
例题(7)：09年广东高考“基础写作”
Last weekend, I had ______ interview with Professor Wang, ______ eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China.
第2类：特指与泛指。
例题(1)：（07年广东高考试题“语法填空”）
the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometres away…
例题(2)：（09年广东高考试题“语法填空”）
A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 31
water was sweet.
第3类：习语中的冠词。
例题(1)：（08年广东高考“基础写作”）
Shooting, simply a means of making _____ living, developed into a kind of sport at the end of the 19th century.
第4类：不用冠词的情况。
例题(1)：（11年广东高考“基础写作”）
(3) 最新消息：17岁的大女儿已被哈佛和耶鲁录取
…her 17-year-old elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both _____Harvard and _____Yale University.
第5类：基数词、序数词、分数词、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄的基本用法。
一年十二个月：（开头字母一定要大写）
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
一年四季：
spring summer autumn / fall winter
一个星期七天：（开头字母一定要大写）
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
◆热点过关
I. 完成句子
1．（07广一模）
Then I went to the department store where I worked part-time and bought her 38 expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.
2．（07广二模）
But my mood quickly changed when I saw 36 question.
4．（10广一模）
Sixteen of 37 twenty-seven nations in the European Union use euro as their currency.
5. （07深一模）
In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, 31 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop 6. （07深二模）
He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and 37 good many other things.
7. （08深二模）
When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35 shy, nervous perfectionist.
二、介词
①表时间的介词
1 at, on, in
at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”
I get up at 6:00 every day.
※at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at night在夜间；at Christmas在圣诞节期间；at the age of five在五岁时
on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18.
We don’t have cl asses on Sunday.
in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上
in the 20th century；in 1999；in winter；in September；in the morning/afternoon/evening
2 for, during, through
for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用
She has been ill for several days.
during表示“在……期间”
I went to France for two weeks during the summer
through表示“一直……，自始至终”
They worked hard through the winter.
3 from, since
from表示“时间的起点”，常见短语“from…to/till…”
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.
since表示“自从……以来（暗示直到现在）
He has been away from home since 1973.
We have known each other since ten years ago.
※for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如for two hours；since last week
4 before, by, till, until
before指“在……之前”，与after相对
Please come before ten o’clock.
by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
※by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用
till (until) “直到……为止”
You must wait for him till tomorrow.
※在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非延续性动词连用
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.
5 after, in, within
after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词
He got a cancer and died after a year.
The meeting will end after 3:00pm.
within“在……时间之内”
I can finish it within an hour.
※after与in都可表示“在……之后”，但after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in后必须跟时间段。after 既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。
I’ll arrive in an hour.
②表地点的介词
1 in, outside, between, among
in在……里面
She put her book in the desk.
outside在……外面
What did you see outside the hall?
between在……之间（指二者）
The building stands between the park and the small river.
among在……之间（指多者）
“There is a thief among you. ” the policeman shouted to the crowd.
※among后往往接笼统的人和事物，若需接具体的人或数目时，即使是指多者，也用between，此时一般有and连接，可理解为多者中任何两者之间。
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
2 on, above, over, below, under
on表示“在……上面”，表面相互接触
There is a book on the desk.
above表示“在……上方，位置高出……”，与below相对
The Turners live above us.
over表示“在……正上方”，与under相对。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard.
below表示“在……下方，低于……”
Her skirt reaches just below her knees.
under表示“在……正下方”
They sat under a big tree, drinking.
3 near, by, beside
near表示“在……附近”
My home is near the school.
by = beside, 表示“靠近，在……旁边”，比near距离更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.
4 in front of, behind, around
in front of表示“在……前面”，指在外部
There is a tall tree in front of our classroom.
比较：in the front of表示“在……前部”，指在内部
There is a red chair in the front of the room.
behind表示“在……后面”
A high building stands behind the village.
around表示“在……周围，围绕”
There are many trees around the village.
5 from, to, for, into, out of
from表示“从……”
She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong.
to表示“到……”，指目的地
They got to the town very late.
for表示“去，向……”，指方向或去向
The train for shanghai has been away.
※towards仅指朝着某个方向，不一定是目的地；to指到目的地；for指向目的地，且常用于leave for; start for等固定搭配中
into表示“进入”
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.
比较：into由外进入到里面，是动态的；而in是指静态的位置。
out of表示“从……出来”
They pulled him out of the water.
比较：out of是指从里面出来，是动态的；而outside是指静态的位置
6 along, across, through, over
along表示“沿着”街、路、河岸等线形物
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street.
across表示“横穿”某一平面，或“横过”某一线形物
Pipes carry oil across the desert.
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road.
through指从某物的内部“穿过”
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.
over指“越过”某一障碍物
The bear went over the mountain.
7 at, in
at指较小的地方，如车站、家等；而in多指在较大地方，如国家、城市、大洲等Please wait for me at the bus station.
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00.
8 on the other side of, across, over
They live on the other side of/over/across the street.
③表方位的介词
1 in 表示在某地范围之内
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
2 to 表示在某地范围之外
Japan is/lies to the east of China.
3 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
④表计量的介词
1 at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
I sold my car at a high price.
2 for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
※at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位
They paid him by the month.
Here eggs are sold by weight.
⑤表材料的介词
1 of成品仍可看出原料
This box is made of paper.
2 from成品已看不出原料
Wine is made from grapes.
3 in表示用某种材料或语言
Please fill in the form in pencil first.
They talk in English.
⑥表工具或手段的介词
1 by用某种方式，多用于交通
by bus by e-mail.
※表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词
I went there by bus/in a bus.
2 with表示“用某种工具”
He broke the window with a stone.
※with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词
3 on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组
They talked on the telephone.
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
⑦表关于的介词
1 of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事
He spoke of the film the other day.
He thought about this matter yesterday.
2 about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况
Can you tell me something about yourself?
3 on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事
It’s a textbook on the history of china.
1 for表示原因，常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用
I am sorry for what I said to you.
2 at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”
He was surprised at the news.
3 from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等
He died from the wound.
4 of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等
The old man died of hunger.
5 with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
He was shaking with anger.
6 by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
Her body was bent by age.
She took your umbrella by mistake.
7 because of 表示引起结果的直接原因
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
8 owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因
Owing to the rain they could not come.
9 thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”Thanks to John, we won the game.
10 out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”
He asked the question out of curiosity.
11 through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因
The war was lost through bad organization.
⑨表好像或当作的介词
1 like表示“像……一样”，其实不是
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
2. as表示“作为，以……身份”，其实也是
He talked to me as a father.
※as作连词时，可表示“好像……”。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
against反对，for支持，互为反义词
Are you for my idea or against it?
11 表除某人某物外的介词
1 besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.。
2 except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”
Everyone is excited except me.
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
※(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besides
He had other people to take care of besides me.
(B) except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
Exercise：
1. __ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed,
A. Except
B. Besides
C. Beside
D. Except for
2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with
B. on
C. by
D. from
3. Come and see me ______ two or three days' time.
A. for
B. after
C. in .
D. during
4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _____ the foot of the mountain.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
5. The coffee shop is _____ the street.
A. on
B. across
C. in
D. to
6. His grandfather has been ill __ the last year.
A, for B. since C. from D. after
7. In this matter, I’m sorry that I have to side ______ you.
A. at
B. to
C. against
D. with
8. We normally use the front entrance _____ the building but there is another entrance ____ the back.
A. to, to
B. at, at
C. to, at
D. of, in
9. The police have said that there is no connection _______ the murders.
A. in
B. for
C. on
D. between
10. Many good books will be ______ the new library.
A. added
B. added to
C. added up to
D. added up
11. In his speech he _____ to the great help the school received from the government.
12. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered
13. It's Sarah's birthday tomorrow. Will you ____ me in buying a present for her?
A. remember
B. attend
C. share
D. join
14. You'd better _____ a doctor when you are sick.
A. send for
B. take up
C. look up
D. turn in
15. The teacher told us to ______ the book and answer some questions.
A. look through,
B. look on
C. look into
D. look up
16. Don and Sherry __ the mountains for their vacation.
A. called from
B. fled from
C. headed for
D. looked for
17. We were warned to ____ out for strangers in the neighborhood.
A. look
B. run
C. call
D. set
18. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll _____ me at eight, so I must be ready then.
A. call for
B. call in
C. call on
D. call up
19. You'd better ____ your books after reading them.
A. put up
B. put on
C. put down
D. put away
三：完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Susannah was a shy but clever girl. She had worn 1 for as long as she could remember. And again, for as long as she could remember, some of her classmates had always made fun of her. The worst thing was that Lewis 2 her 'Four Eyes'. She acted like she didn't 3 , but in fact Susannah couldn't stand it．
One day, the class went on a school outing to 4 some famous caves. The children were walking towards the caves, while Lewis 5 . While falling, he got 6 of Susannah, who walked next to him, and both 7 down the hole.
They landed in a dark cave. Susannah and Lewis shouted for 8 , but no one came. The next morning they still hadn't been found and Lewis continued shouting for help, but no 9 and he started feeling 10 .
It must have been noontime, because Susannah 11 that the ray of light just landed on the floor in front of her. 12 , she took a piece of wood that had fallen into the cave, and, using her glasses as a magnifying(放大) glass, she focused the ray of light onto the 13 . Now they had a torch(火把). Lewis watched with surprise and excitement and off they went to explore the cave.
It took them some time, and they had to burn quite a few torches, but 14 they found a way out. On top of hugs and cries of 15 , Lewis gave Susannah his heartfelt thanks.
1．A．glasses B．necklaces C．earrings D．watches
2．A．teased B．laughed C．warned D．called
3．A．defend B．mind C．object D．offend
4．A．approach B．enter C．visit D．attend
5．A．wandered B．waved C．smiled D．slipped
6．A．hold B．touch C．support D．place
7．A．walked B．moved C．fell D．flew
8．A．praise B．water C．food D．help
9．A．feedback B．response C．reaction D．effect
10．A．scared B．shocked C．disturbed D．annoyed
11．A．doubted B．concluded C．recognized D．noticed
12．A．Slowly B．Quickly C．Unexpectedly D．Obviously
13．A．glass B．torch C．wood D．floor
14．A．seriously B．hurriedly C．finally D．curiously
15．A．loss B．relief C．justice D．Return
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.
From Monday until Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy themselves. Some watch TV or go to the movies; others take part in sports. It 1 on individual interests. There are many different ways to spend our 2 time.
Almost everyone has some kinds of 3 . It may be anything from collecting stamps to 4 model planes. Some hobbies are very expensive, but others don't cost anything at all. Some collections are worth a lot of money; others are valuable 5 to the owners.
I know a man who has a 6 collection. A short time ago he bought a 7 fifty-cent coin with $300! He was very 8 about his purchase and thought the price was 9 . On the other hand, my youngest brother 10 matchboxes. He has almost 600 of them but I 11 if they are worth any
money. However, to my brother they are extremely valuable. Nothing makes him happier than to find a new 12 for his collection.
That is what a hobby 13 , I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the 14 of it. The 15 in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.
（）1．A．lies B．works C．depends D．waits
（）2．A．full B．busy C．spare D．rare
（）3．A．jobs B．hobbies C．intention D．cars
（）4．A．making B．buying C．selling D．setting
（）5．A．only B．fully C．simply D．nearly
（）6．A．stamp B．money C．coin D．letter
（）7．A．common B．usual C．rare D．bare
（）8．A．happy B．careful C．anxious D．curious
（）9．A．high B．low C．reasonable D．countable
（）10．A．gathers B．chooses C．picks D．collects
（）11．A．suppose B．think C．ask D．doubt
（）12．A．coin B．matchbox C．case D．basket
（）13．A．covers B．means C．includes D．contains
（）14．A．benefit B．good C．fun D．interest
（）15．A．value B．cost C．meaning D．meeting
介词（表时间地点） 一、知识回顾 介虚，不能独充当句子成分，必同名、代、短、句子构成介短， 才能充当句子成分。介短在句中常作表、定、状和足。 常用表式地点的介介 （一）表示的介： 1． at, on, in (1)at 表示“在某一刻、某一点” at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出at lunch 午 at noon 正午at night 夜 I get up at 6:00 every day.我每天6:00起床。 表示“在??” 用at the age of。? 如： at the age of five 在五 (2)on 表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如： on Monday 在星期一on April 1st 在四月一日 I heard a shot on the morning of March 18. 三月十八日早晨我听到一声响。 泛指上、下午、晚上、夜用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述段，一律用on。 如： on the afternoon of May 23在五月二十三日下午 (3)in 表示“在某月、季、年、世”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。 in September 在九月in winter 在冬季 in 1999 在 1999 年in the 20th century 在 20 世 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午 /下午 /晚上 2． for, during, through (1)for 表示“一段”，后接与数用的名。多与完成用。 I ’ve been a soldier for 5 years我.入伍已 5 年了。 She has been ill for several days. 她已病了几天了。 表示“持一段” ， for 后面必跟“数字 +名”，而 during 后决不可接数字。 (2)during 表示“在??期” He visited many nice places during his stay here. 在他逗留期他参了多美的地方。 What did you do during the summer vacation?你在暑假做了什么？ (3)through 表示“一直??，自始至” They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他都在努力工作。 She treated me like her brother through these years. 些年来她始把我当哥哥待。 3． from, since (1)from 作“从??”解，多用于“ from ? to/till 中。?”
1）in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间： 1. I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。(大城市用in) 2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔) 3. I live in a big city, my brother lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我 哥哥住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点。因此就in a city, at a small town. 呵呵) 4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。 5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。 6. in a car 乘汽车(不是on a car 也不是by a car 喔) 7. in a taxi 乘的士(不是on a taxi 或by a taxi ) 8. in a helicopter 乘直升机 9. in a boat 乘小船 10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯(电梯像个笼子，当然要用in 啦) 11. in the newspaper 在报上 12. in the sky 在空中 13. in the bed 在床上(也可用on the bed) 14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校 . 2）.at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”： 1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。 2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。 3. at home 在家 4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？ 5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面 6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。 7. at the entrance 在进口处 8. at the crossroads 在十字路口 9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢？ 10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个 “点”) 11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。 12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham. 我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in) 13. at the side 在一边 14. at reception 在招待会上 15. I'm at work. 我在工作。 16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公 司/学校 (3). on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面：
【语法全解】：时间介词（in, on, at） 【典句探究】 1. On Friday, what time is your Chinese? 在星期一，你们几点上语文课？ 2. we don’t have history in the afternoon. 我们下午没有历史课。 3. I like the lessons on Monday afternoon.我喜欢星期一下午的课。 4. We have art at ten o’clock我们在十点钟上美术课。 以上例句中，1句中的on用在星期名称前; 2句中的in 用在泛指的下午前; 3句中的on用在具体日子的下午前; 4句中的at用在具体的钟点时间前。 【语法全解】 常用的时间介词有in，on和at。 1. in表示“在一段时间内或一天内的部分时间”，用于世纪、年、季节、月、一段时间或泛指的一天中的上午、下午、晚上等前面。 I was born in March，2002.我出生于2002年3 月。 We have four classes in the morning. 我们在上午上四节课。 2. on表示“某一天或某一天内的部分时间”，用于星期名称、节日、具体的某一天或具体日子的上午、下午、晚上等前面。 I do my homework on Saturday morning. 我在星期六上午做家庭作业。 They will get here on July 20. 他们将在七月二十日到达这儿。 3. at表示“某指定时间”，用于钟点时间前，也可用于一天中的某段特定时间，如黎明(dawn)、中午(noon)、黄昏(dusk)、午夜 (midnight)等。 Classes begin at eight o’clock 八点钟开始上课。 They stay at home at noon.他们中午待在家里。 [表格助记]
介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃提高。 英语介词分类:按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2．分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judging，talking等。 3．成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from（除之外：别无、尚有），because of，by means of用、依靠等。 按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。 3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。 介词-- 从不独立行动的精灵 英语介词不可单独使用，只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。常用的五种介词短语 1.介词+名词：at the door, into the bag 2.介词+代词: for me, of others 3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that 4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do 5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式：on how to do this 其他类型的介词短语 6.介词+介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner 7.介词+副词：from below 8.介词+复合结构：with the light on 9.介词+不定式（but/except)：…did nothing but sleep介词-- 连接词与词纽带 英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系 1. 时间 1）at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock 2）in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点：in 2004 in表示在某段时间的结束点：I’ll see you again in a week. 3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period 4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning 5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now 2. 地点 1）at表示在某处（而非它处）：at school 2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office 3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table 4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world 5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair 6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window
about argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争 论某事be anxious for/about焦虑；渴望；担心be concerned about关心，挂念 be crazy about热衷于；迷念 be disappointed at/abou对…感到失望be in the dark about对……一无所知be mad about迷恋 be particular about对……讲究 be worried about为……而担心 bring about导致，引起 care about关注；关心；在意；担忧come about发生 dream about/of梦见，梦到 get around/about走动；克服；传播go about开始；从事 hang about/around闲荡，闲待着quarrel with sb. about sth.与某人因某 事而争吵set about doing着手做 talk about谈论，议论 think about考虑 worry about担心，烦恼 across come across/upon碰到；遇见 cut across抄近路穿过；对直通过 get (sth.) across （将……）清楚，（使） 被了解 run across偶然遇到/看到 after after all调整；适应 go after追求；追赶 look after照顾 name…after/for以……命名 one after another一个接一个地，相继run after追求；追赶 take after 与（父母等）相像against against one's will违心地 fight against打仗；作战go against违背 lean on/against依靠，依赖 run up against 遭遇（困难）strugge against同……作斗争 turn against背叛 warn sb. against警告 along along with和……一起/一道 come along一起来；过来；快点 get along/on with与……相处 go along with赞同 around centre around围绕；以……为中心come round/around顺便来访；苏醒， 复原 get around/about走动；克服；传播go round/around流传；到处活动hang about/around闲荡，闲待着show sb. around领（某人）参观 as act as痛苦 as a matter of fact其实，事实上 as a result (of)作为……结果，由于 as a rule通常，一般说来 as follows如下 as for/to/regards sth.至于，关于 as long as只要 as far as远达；在……范围之内 as far as…is/are concerned就……而言as such从字面上讲；严格说来 as it is照现状，事实上 as it were可以说；在一定程度上 as usual像往常 as well也，和 as well as除……之外（也） be famous as/for作为/因为……而出名be known to/as/for被/作为/因为…… 所知classify…as/into…将……归类为/分 成……consider…as…认为；看着
语法（五）—介词 Ⅰ，介词的相关概念和用法： 1，介词的概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，起“媒介”作用。2，介词后加宾语，即名词或代词性质的词。 例如：I am in school . in the morning 例如：Thanks for helping me . What about going for a walk ? 3，介词的分类： ①，时间介词；②，地点介词；③，方式介词；④，目的介词；⑤，原因介词； ⑥，运动方向介词；⑦，比较介词；等等等等。 Ⅱ，介词的分类： 一、表示时间的介词——常考的时间介词有at, in, on“在……” 1. at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。 如：at six o’clock, at Easter 2. in表示“在某一时间段”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等。如： in July/summer/2000/ancient times/the 1999’s in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示在特殊或具体的日子。如： on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st , on Mid-autumn Day 4.注意：当表示时间的名词前，有this / last / next / every时，前面不需要加介词。
【小练习】： There are four seasons _________ a year. What do you wear _________ winter? We have no classes _________ Sundays. My birthday is _________ September. My birthday is _________ June 18th. ( （） 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A.on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for ( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on ( )8She will come back _______ next week. A. in B. at C. on D./ ( )9They played basketball _______ last night. A. in B. at C. on D./
表示时间的介词称为时间介词。表示时间的介词有：at, on, in, before, after等。 一、at, on和in ① at 表示：（在（某时刻、时间、阶段），在……岁时） My cousin joined the army at fifteen.我表哥十五岁参的军。 ② on 表示：在（某日），在周末，在……节日 He was born on the 15th of August in 1769.他出生于1769年8月15日。 ③ in 表示：在……事后，在……期间，在……年/月 She went to America in 2000.她2000年去了美国。 at, on 和in 作时间介词的比较： ① at 表示具体时间点。 ② on 后可以跟表日期、星期、节日的词，还可以指具体某一天的早、中、晚。 ③ in 泛指一天的早、中、晚，还可以表示一段时间，如：周、年、月、季节等。 二、before和after ① before 表示：在……之前before eight o’ clock 八点之前 Spring comes before summer.夏天之前是春天。 ② after 表示：表示……之后after lunch 午饭之后 Come to my office after school.放学后请来我办公室。 表示做某事的方法、手段的介词有by, with, in, at, on。 一、by by表示：用，以，靠，通过……方式。by表示手段时后接动作或制作方式。“by + 交通工具”表示交通方式。 by bike 骑车by bus 坐公车by taxi 搭出租 by train 坐火车by ship 乘船by air 坐飞机 Linda usually goes to work by subway.琳达通常做地铁上班。 She makes a living by teaching.她考教书谋生。 二、with with 表示：用，以。with表示手段时，后接工具、材料或具体内容。 write with a pen 用钢笔写 eat with knife and fork 用刀叉吃 see with one’s eyes 用眼睛看 I killed the fly with a swatter.我用苍蝇拍打死那只苍蝇。 She cut the cake with a knife.她用刀切开了蛋糕。 三、in in 表示：用，以。in表示用某种方式，如：颜色、笔墨、语言、声音、服饰等。 speak in English 用英语说 talk in a high voice 高声说话 I wrote a letter in ink.我用钢笔写了一封信。 Try to express yourself in English.试着用英语表达一下。 表示空间的介词有：at, in, on, over, above, under, below 等, 表示静态位置的介词和from, to, up, down, through, across 等表示动态方向的介词。 一、at, on 和in ① at 表示：（地点、位置）在…… ② on 表示：（位置）在……上面 ③ in 表示：（地点、位置或空间）在……里，在……中，在……上 Her fans have arrived at the airport.她的影迷已经到达了机场。 Look at the picture at the top of the page.请看以下这一项上面的图片。
高考专题之介词考点梳理 一、方位介词 1.图解方位介词 Be careful. There is a heavy box over your head.小心，你头上方有个很重的箱子。 The sun is above the mountain in the east. 太阳就在东方那座山的上方。 There are some stamps on the desk.桌子上有一些邮票。 The position he pointed to was below the sea level. 他所指的那个位置低于海平面。 The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下，因此很不容易找到它。 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东越过沙漠，跨过高山，穿过深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直抵大海。 The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square. 一群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。 It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 我难以想象为什么能允许这样的事情发生。 【题组训练】完成句子： ①The sunlight came in（穿过）the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. ②The bicycle is（不能）repair. ③He hit his head（对着）the wall and hurt himself. ①through②beyond③against 2. at ,in． on 三个词均可和表示地点的词连刖，表示“在??处”。 at 用于指较小的地方，如在门牌号码前；in 用于指较大的她方； on 一般指与面或线接触的地方如： We'll meet. each other at the park我们将在公园见面。 Mr. White has lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.怀特先生在香港生活了20 年。 The flood advanced on the village.洪水向村庄冲来。
英语时间介词的用法 表示时间的介词 1)in ,on, at 在……时 一.in, on在方位名词前的区别 1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻.如： North Korea is on the east of China. 二.at, in, on在表示时间上的区别 1.at指时间表示： （1）时间的一点、时刻等.如： They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak,at dawn）. （2）较短暂的一段时间.可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子.如：He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）. 2.in指时间表示： （1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内.如： in 2004,in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc （2）在一段时间之后.一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”.如： He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”.如： These products will be produced in a month. 注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”.如： He will arrive after two o’clock. 3.on指时间表示： （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等.如： On Christmas Day（On May 4th）,there will be a celebration. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上.如： He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. （3）准时,按时.如： If the train should be on time,I should reach home before dark. 三.at,in和on表示地点时的区别 1.at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方.如： I shall wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前.如： He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2.in表示地点： （1）用于指较大的地方.如： He lives in Shanghai. （2）虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in.商店、学校、机关等,
表示地点和位置的介词 1.at, in, on 1) at 表示较狭窄较小的地方（小村庄，小城镇），in 表示较大的地方（大城市，大的空间）。 I met her at the bus-stop. They arrived at the famous town in South Jiangsu. She is living in Nanjing. There are a great many islands in the Pacific. 2) 门牌号码前用at，road前面用on，street前用in或on。 in the street (BrE) on the street (AmE) at 103 Wall Street on the road 3) 把某个机构看成是机关或组织时用at，看成一个具体的地方时用in She is at Oxford. 她在牛津读书。She is in Oxford 她在牛津居住（工作或逗留） 4）at可以表示有意、有目的的行为。 She is at the table. 她在吃饭She is beside/ by the desk. 她坐在桌旁。 5) on 在---上面，表示上下两者紧贴在一起，in 表示在---里面。 She put the book on the desk. She put the book in the desk. She wore a smile on her face. (面部表情) She was wounded in the face. （伤有深度） 2．on 和underneath underneath 是on的反义词，表示某物紧贴在另一物的底下 There is a piece of paper underneath the dictionary. 3.under 和over under 和over 是一对反义词，表示正上方，正下方，没有接触的含义。 There are some chairs under the tree. The lamp hung over the table. under 和over 还可以表示上级、下级。 He is over us= We are under him. 4. above 和below 两者是一对反义词，表示高于、低于，既不表示接触，也不表示上下垂直。 The plane is flying above us. The sun has sunk below the horizon. 5. beneath 可以和underneath, under, below 互换。 6．at, by, beside at 表示有目的的接近、接触，by和beside 表示偶然的接近，不接触。 She will be waiting for you at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. The girl stood by/ beside her mother. To those who stand by me, I shall stand by my promise. 对那些支持我的人，我将恪守诺言。 7．near 和next to Near 表示在---附近，靠近；next to 表示紧挨着，紧靠着。 No birds or animals came near the lake. She went and sat next to him. 8. before, in front of, at the front of, ahead of before 用于某人前；in front of 用于建筑物前；in front of 和ahead of 用于空间可互换，用于时间只能用ahead of；in the front of 表示内部空间的前部；at the front of 表示外部空间
介词的用法 1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在……时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one?s life , in one?s thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year?s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
小学介词常用示例 表示时间的介词称为时间介词.表示时间的介词有：at, on, in, before, after 等. 一、at, on和in ① at 表示：（在（某时刻、时间、阶段）,在……岁时） My cousin joined the army at fifteen. 我表哥十五岁参的军. ② on 表示：在（某日）,在周末,在……节日 He was born on the 15th of August in 1769. 他出生于1769年8月15日. ③ in 表示：在……事后,在……期间,在……年/月 She went to America in 2000. 她2000年去了美国. at, on 和in 作时间介词的比较： ① at 表示具体时间点. ② on 后可以跟表日期、星期、节日的词,还可以指具体某一天的早、中、晚. ③ in 泛指一天的早、中、晚,还可以表示一段时间,如：周、年、月、季节等. 二、before和after ① before 表示：在……之前 before eight o’ clock 八点之前 Spring comes before summer. 夏天之前是春天. ② after 表示：表示……之后 after lunch 午饭之后 Come to my office after school. 放学后请来我办公室. 表示做某事的方法、手段的介词有by, with, in, at, on. 一、by by表示：用,以,靠,通过……方式.by表示手段时后接动作或制作方式.“by + 交通工具”表示交通方式. by bike 骑车 by bus 坐公车 by taxi 搭出租 by train 坐火车 by ship 乘船 by air 坐飞机 Linda usually goes to work by subway. 琳达通常做地铁上班. She makes a living by teaching. 她考教书谋生. 二、with with 表示：用,以.with表示手段时,后接工具、材料或具体内容. write with a pen 用钢笔写 eat with knife and fork 用刀叉吃 see with one’s eyes 用眼睛看 I killed the fly with a swatter. 我用苍蝇拍打死那只苍蝇. She cut the cake with a knife. 她用刀切开了蛋糕.
介词的归纳 一、单项选择介词 1．（重庆）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average. A．below B．on C．at D．above 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词。句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。A. below低于；B. on在……之上；C. at在；D. above超过，多于。根据前一句Last year was the warmest year on record推知，温度应该是上升了，故用介词above。 【点睛】 with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record 起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。 2．According to Baidu, the high-quality content of Cloud Music will reach massive users _______ Baidu’s app and video platform. A．in honor of B．in view of C．by virtue of D．by way of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意：根据百度的说法，云音乐的高质量内容将借助于百度应用和视频平台到达广大用户。A. in honor of向……致敬；B. in view of考虑到；C. by virtue of借助于；D. by way of通过。根据句意可知，此处要表达“借助于”。故选C项。 3．We charge parcels ________ weight, rather than individual units. A．in honor of B．in contact with C．in terms of D．in connection with 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我们根据包裹的重量，而不是包裹的件数收费。A. in honor of为了对……表示敬意；B. in contact with与……有联系，接触；C. in terms of根据，在……方面；D. in connection with与……有关，有联系。表示根据什么计费。故选C。 【点睛】
具体日期前用“on” 注意: 一、含有this, that, these, those, every, each 等的时间状语前不用介词。如： We are going to play football this afternoon. 今天下午我们打算踢足球。 His father goes to work early every day. 他爸爸每天很早去上班。They are working on the farm at the moment. 这几天他们正在农场干活。 二、all day, all week, all year 等由“all +表示时间的名词”构成的时间状语前不用介词。如： We stay at home and watch TV all day.我们整天呆在家里看电视。 三、由“some, any, one等＋表示时间的名词”构成的时间状语前不用介词。如： We can go to the Great Wall some day. 有一天我们会去长城的。 四、时间状语是today, tomorrow, tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, the day after tomorrow (后天)等，其前不用介词。如：
What day is it today?今天星期几？ Who's on duty tomorrow? 明天谁值日？ MORE: at 表示时间的某一点 （节日或年龄、瞬间或短暂的时间） Your memory is always poor at this time. （表示一天中的某个时刻不用冠词） I got up at six in the mopning. on 表示某日或和某日连用的某个时间段 You were late on Monday last week. in 用于表示除日以外的某一时间段 （表示年、月、季节、世纪时代） Sorry, I am late, the frist time in May. in和at都可表示地点，而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大
常用介词的用法 介词可以用来表示时间、空间、方位、手段等含义，其具体用法如下： 表示时间 表示时间的介词主要有at, on, in, during, for, since, after, before 等。 ①at at 表示在某一具体时刻，或把某一段时间看作某一时刻时也可用at。在节假日也常用at。at 7:30 在七点半 at noon 在正午 at that time 在那时 at first 首先 at the end of 在……最后 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the moment 当时、这时 at the present (time) 目前 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at midnight 在半夜 at breakfast time 在吃早饭时 at the beginning 开始 at present 目前 ②on 当表示在具体的某一天，某一天的早晨、中午或晚上时常用介词on; 对某一天或某一天的早晨、中午或晚上进行详细描述时也用on。 on Monday 在星期一 on May the first 在五月一日 on a rainy day 在雨天 on Monday morning 在星期一早晨 on the following evening 在第二天傍晚 on the morning of April the first 在四月一日上午 on the following day 在第二天 on New Year’s Day 在元旦 on a cold day 在寒冷的一天 on the weekend 在周末 ③in 当所指的时间比一天更长或更短时用介词in。 in还可表示在将来，用在从现在算起的一段时间之后。 in the evening 在傍晚 in spring 在春季 in the 21st century 在二十一世纪 in the 1990’s 在二十世纪90年代 in my school days 在我上学期间 in August 在八月 in 2004 在2004年 in one’s life 在一生中