单项选择考点(语法复习部分归纳总结。另外，附有部分练习题及参考答案)
Ⅰ.形容词(Adjective)的倍数p65-66﹕用twice, three times等加as…as。如﹕
This lake is four times the size of that one.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
Ⅱ.虚拟语气(Subjective mood)p140-148：
非真实条件句﹕
If he had time, he would study Italian.
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
虚拟语气的常见类型和句型
(1) 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
(2) had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：
Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. (6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
Ⅲ.连词(Conjunction)p197-215﹕
1)表层次:
first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place/ also, and then, next, besides
second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore and, equally important ,too, moreover
third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least besides, in addition, finally
2)表转折；
by contrast /although/ though/ yet
at the same time/but /despite the fact that /even so / in contrast /nevertheless/ even though/ for all that /
/on the contrary /however/ in spite of/ on the other hand/ otherwise/ instead /still/ regardless
3)表因果；for/ as a result /as a consequence
therefore/ consequently/ because of /for the reason/ thus/hence/ due to /owing to
4）表让步：
still /nevertheless /in spite of/ all the same /of course/ despite/even so/ after all
5)表递近：
furthermore/ moreover/ likewise /what is more/besides/ also /not only...but also.../ in addition
6)表举例：
for example/ for instance/ for one thing /that is /to illustrate/as an illustration/ a case in point
7)表解释：
as a matter of fact /frankly speaking /in this case/ namely /in other words
8)表总结：
in summary /in a word/ thus/as has been said/ in brief /in conclusion/ altogether /in other words
to conclude /in fact /finally /in simpler terms /indeed/ in short /in particular /that is
in other words /of course/ on the whole/ to put it differently/ namely/ in all/ therefore/ to summarize
（1）表示时间与频率的词汇：in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.
（2）表示附加的词：additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to,
（3）引出例子：for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is
Ⅳ.非谓语动词﹕p149-173
V-ing复合结构p160﹕
动名词复合结构的构成
物主代词／人称代词或名词所有格／普通格与动名词连用，就构成了动名词的复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语。
．动名词复合结构的作用
动名词复合结构在句中主要作主语和宾语。
1．作主语
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French．
学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。
Your going there will help a lot.
2．作动词宾语
I remember Tom's going there．我记得汤姆去过那里。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon．
你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。
Do you mind my smoking.
Please excuse me interrupting you.
Lucy was very happy about Tom coming to see her.
Do you remember me and my mother coming to see you ?
3．作介词宾语
Lucy was very happy about Tom' coming to see her.
Mary insisted on my reading the letter．玛丽坚持要我看信。
在口语和非正式文体中，动名词复合结构作宾语时，常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替所有格。例如：
Lucy was very happy about Tom coming to see her.
Do you remember me and my mother coming to see you ?
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．
我简直不敢想象彼得在五天内横渡大西洋。
They don't like me coming here．他们不喜欢我到这儿来。
注意：
1）若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的“物”，而不是“人”时，最好用普通格。例如：
I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night．我怕夜里帐篷倒塌了。
2）若动名词的逻辑主语由较长的一组词构成时，最好用普通格。例如：
Do you remember John and his father coming to see us last Christmas？你还记得约翰和他的父亲去年圣诞节来看我们吗？
3）若动名词复合结构作主语时，则最好用所有格或物主代词。例如：
Tom's／His coming home late worries his mother．汤姆／他的晚归使他妈妈担心。
动名词复合结构的否定式、被动式和完成式
动名词复合结构的否定式仍然是在动名词前面加not等否定词；动名词与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，动名词用被动式；动名词表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前时，动名词用完成式。例如：
Mary's not passing the exam made her mother very angry．
玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。
She didn't mind her books being taken away and used by other students．
她并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。
I know nothing about his having gone to Beijing．我不知道他已经去了北京。
独立主格结构p171-173﹕分词(短语)作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时分词短语带有自己的主语,它们之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，这个逻辑上的主语一般是由名词担任，放在分词短语之前，我们称这为独立主格。
独立主格在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件和方式、伴随。
今天是星期天，你不必去上学。
原因从句：
Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to shool.
主语主语
It being Sunday, you needn't go to school. ( O)
分词逻辑上的主语
（It being Sunday 构成独立格结构在句子中作原因状语）
Being Sunday, you needn't go to school. (×)
(因分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，所以句子错误。)
官员们都到齐了，宣布开会。
分词表示
All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.
分词逻辑上的主语
时间状语从句：
天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。
分词表示：
Weather permitting ,We'll go to the Summer Palace.
分词逻辑上的主语
条件状语从句：
If weather permits , we'll go to the Summer Palace.
All the work done, you can have a rest.
分词逻辑上的主语
=All the work is done and you can have a rest.
所有的工作都完成了，你们可以休息了。
注意分词做独立主格有时前面可以加with或without
The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green.
树叶都绿了，使得公园很漂亮。
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
英语中的独立主格结构是现代英语中经常出现的一种特殊表达手段,它用词简练,行文紧凑,描述生动,有很强的语言表现效果.因而对英语独立主格结构的特点、构成及用法深入探讨,有助于解题、写作以及口头表达能力的提高.
“独立主格”结构本身不是句子，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有以下几种：
⒈名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词是主谓关系。如：
The girl staring at him(=As the girl stared at him),he didn't know what to say.
Time permitting (=If time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.
⒉名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。如：
The problems solved (=As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.
Her glasses broken (=Because her glasses were broken),she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
⒊名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.（借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。）
They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.(他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。）
⒋名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.（那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。）
So many people absent,the meeting had to be called off.(这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。）
He put on his sweater wrong side out.(他把毛衣穿反了。）
The meeting over,they all went home.(会议一结束，他们就都回家了。）
⒍名词/ 主格代词+介词短语。如：
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.
Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.(玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。）
⒎there be句型在句首作状语表示原因、条件等，用there being.若它的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则使用其完成式there having been.例如：
There being nothing else to do,I went to bed.(表示原因）
There having been no rain,the ground was dry.(表示原因）
There being another chance,I'll do it better.（表示条件)
With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand 前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
Ⅴ.主谓一致﹕p277-279
集体名词的主谓一致
集体名词作主语主谓一致
(1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，
通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
(3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
(4)a committee, etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
Ⅵ.定语从句p265-267﹕(注意关系词在定语从句充当定语和状语的情况)
Ⅶ.介词的搭配p174-196﹕
书上﹕p177可作副词和可作连词的介词
I have never read the book before.(副词)
The train had started before I got to the station.(连词)
此类词还有﹕around, over, in, on, along(副词)
since(副词﹠连词)
p178介词短语作表语﹕
专四常见名词和介词搭配短语
absence from 缺席,不在 affection for/towards 爱,喜欢 balance between ……之间的平衡
absence of 缺乏 answer to ……的答案 barrier to ……的障碍
access to ……的入口,通路 anxiety for sth 渴望 belief in 对……的信仰,相信
acquaintance with 相识,了解 apology to sb for sth 道歉 application of 把……应用于……
action on sth 对……的作用 appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁 approach to 类似,办法,通道
addition to sth 增加 appeal for 魅力,吸引力
admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会) admission of sth 承认 appetite for 对……的欲望
advance in 改进,进步 argument against 赞成/反对……的理由 arrangement for 对……的安排
advantage over 优于……的有利条件 attack on 对……的进攻 attempt at 尝试,企图
attention to 对……的注意 attraction for 对……的吸引力 concentration on sth 专心,集中精力
candidate for 候选人,人选 concentration of sth 集中,聚集 compromise between/on 折中,妥协
check on 检查,阻止 compromise between/on 折中,妥协 confidence in 对……的信任,相信
claim for sth 要求 consent to sth 同意 contradiction between 矛盾,不一致
contact with sb/sth 接触,联系 contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成 conversation with sb 对话
collision with sb/sth 碰撞,冲突 contest for sth 争夺,竞争 danger to sb/sth 危险
comment on /about 对……的评论 credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬 damage to sth 损坏
connection between; 关系,连接 contrast to/with sth 对比,对照 decision on/against 做/不做……的决定complaint of /about 报怨,控告 decrease in sth ……的减少 defence against 防御,保卫
concern about/for/over 担心 demand for 对……的需求 desire for sth 渴望
delegate to 参加……的代表 departure from 离开 differences between不同,差异
dispute about 争论,辩论 distinction between 区别 doubt about 怀疑
effect on 对……的作用 fancy for sth 喜爱 emphasis on 对……的强调,注重
encounter with 遭遇,遇到 enthusiasm about/for 热情
entrance to ……的入口,入场 envy of sb 嫉妒 exception to ……的例外
exposure to sth 暴露 faith in 对……的信任,信仰 glance at 扫视
gratitude to sb 感激 hatred for/of 仇恨 hazard to 危险 hunger for 渴望impact on/ upon 对……的撞击,巨大影响 independence from 独立,自主 inquiry about 对……的查询improvement on/in 对……的改进,提高 influence on 对……的影响 inquiry into 对……的调查increase in sth 增加,增长 interaction with sth 相互作用 inteference in/with 干涉,阻碍introduction to 引言，介绍，入门memorial to sth 引进(物) invitation to 邀请investment in sth 投资
loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚 memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑 objection to sth 反对
obstacle to sth 纪念碑 opponent of sth ……的障碍 preference for sth 预防,防备patience with 对…有耐心 passion for 对……的强烈爱好,热爱
precaution against 耐心 pity for sb/sth 可怜,怜悯
时间不够，还请大家自己完善
Ⅷ.主从句
名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：
A.连词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）
B.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which
C.疑问副词：when, where, why, how
主语从句﹕在复合句中充当主语的从句。
1.that引导主语从句
that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。
①That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
②That she was chosen made us very happy.
③That he will come is certain.
④That he would take the risk is true.
⑤That he should have married her isn't surprising.
★通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如：
②It made us very happy that she was chosen.
③It is certain that he will come.
④It is true that he would take the risk.
⑤It isn't surprising (that) he should have married her.
★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：
①Is it certain that he will come?
②Is it true that he would take the risk?
▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：
(1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句
①It is likely that he will come.
②It is strange that she has ever trusted him.
③It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.
④It is best that he (should) go.
此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用(should) + v原形。
It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.
(2)It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It's a pity that he should have catched the train.
(3) It + be + -ed分词+ that从句
It is said that he is a famous writer.
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.
▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用(should) do。（参见虚拟语气部分）
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.
It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.
(4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+ that从句。（look不接that从句，它接to be结构或形容词）
It seems that he is wrong.
It appears that they are in urgent need of help.
He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.
2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。（置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。）
Whether he will win the game is not clear.
Whether he will come is uncertain.
Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me.
It is not clear whether/if he will come.
It was uncertain whether he would come.
3. 连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
What we need is more time.
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
Whose book it is not important.
Which school you want to go matters much.
4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。
Why he did this is not known.
When he will come is still unknown.
It is not known why he did this.
How he succeeded is unknown to us.
Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.
注意：wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。
5.也可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。
Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.
Whatever he gave you should be handed in.
Whoever told you that was lying.
Whoever comes is welcome.
表语从句﹕在复合句中作表语的简单句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词等。
1、由从属连词that，whether等引导：
注意：if不能引导表语从句。
例；The suggestion is that they should start from beginning.
提出的建议是,他们从头开始。
例：What they want to know is whether he is capable of holding that important post. 他们想知道的是她是否有能力保住那一重要职位。
2、由连接代词who, what, which等引导：
例：Never mind what the price is; if it is what we need, we’ll buy it.
多少价钱不管，如果是需要的东西，我们就买。
例：The problem is who will stay.问题是谁留下来。
例：What she wants to know is which dress she should buy.
她想知道的是她应该买那件衣服。
3、由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导：
例：Is this where we turn off for Hull? 这是我们要转向赫尔的方向吗？
例：That was when I was eight.那是我8岁时的事情了。
例：That is why you go away, I know.我知道那就是你要离开的原因。
4、其它：由as, as if/though和because也可引导表语从句：
例：Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总像表面上看来那样。
例：The sky looks as if it would clear off soon.天空看来马上就会放晴了。
例：It sounds as though there is a knock at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
例：The real reason people no longer wanted to be secretaries was because the pay was so low. 人们不再想当秘书的真正原因是薪水太低。
5、“It + 系动词 + 表语从句”，常用于本结构中的动词主要有appear，seem等。
例：It appears that you’re right.看来你是对的。
例：It seems that you are lying.好像你在撒谎。
注意：
A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
B. 不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句（as if 例外）；
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether，位于介词后要用whether；
位于句首时要用whether；
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。
C. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
D. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的简单句叫同位语从句。
同位语从句一般放在fact, fear, hope, idea, information, news, problem, question, truth 等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。例：You must live with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.
你必须承认，你已经不像过去那么健壮了。
例：I was suddenly struck by(with) the fear that they would drown.
我突然被一种恐惧感笼罩住，害怕他们会淹死。
例：The idea that babies should be fat was exploded years ago.
婴儿应该胖的观点多年前就被推翻了。
例：Answer my question whether you agree to my decision.
回答我的问题，你是否同意我的决定。
Ⅸ.强调句﹕p282-283
常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子：It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注意不用when）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
Ⅹ.倒装句﹕p286-289
几类常见的部分倒装句类型
1. 否定型倒装
在正式文体中，如果将never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后的句子要用部分倒装。如：
→Never did I see him again.
他很少出去吃饭。
He seldom goes out for dinner.
→Seldom does he go out for dinner.
她几乎没时间听音乐。
She hardly has time to listen to music.
→Hardly does she have time to listen to music.
他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。
He little realized the danger he faced.
→Little did he realize the danger he faced.
对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。如：
雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped.
→Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。如：
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
2. only型倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序。如：
Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。
Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。
Only for the love of his family does he do such hard work. 只为了他对家庭的爱，他做这么辛苦的工作。
3. so型倒装
当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后通常用部分倒装。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
以so开头的句子还有这样一种倒装——表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，这类倒装的基本结构是“so+助动词+主语”。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
4. not only型倒装
当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式。如：
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
让步状语从句倒装用法系统归纳
名词+as / though+主语+动词
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助别人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a str ong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考
形容词+as / though+主语+动词
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。
Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。
Patient as he was，he didn’t like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。
Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。
【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。
副词+as / though+主语+动词
Much as I li ke Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。
【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：
Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。
动词原形+as / though+主语+动词
Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。
【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。
分词+as / though+主语+动词
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye fo r all John’s movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。
【三条补充说明】
1.这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导，但不能用although来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就是说，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：
虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。
正：Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正：Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
误：Late although it was, we still went on working.
误：As it was late, we still went on working.
2.上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较：
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因)
3.在美国英语中，人们通常用as…as引导让步状语从句。如：
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。
★词义辨析
agree vi.同意;持相同意见 I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。
agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。
sb. agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见
sth. agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人
agree to sb 建议
agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见
agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见
agree to do sth 同意干某事
prefer...rather than
喜欢…胜过… like... better than
▲prefer sth rather than sth
I prefer tea rather than coffee. 我喜欢茶甚于喜欢咖啡。
▲prefer to-v rather than
She preferred to keep her troubles to herself rather than to allow them to trouble others.她宁愿不让别人知道自己的困难,也不肯让自己的困难去麻烦别人。
prefer to(v.+prep.)
1.较喜欢; 宁愿choose rather; like better
▲prefer sth to sth
Most Chinese preferred tea to coffee.茶和咖啡相比大多数中国人更喜欢喝茶。
▲prefer v-ing to v-ing
I prefer skiing to skating.我喜欢滑雪胜于滑冰。
He was very diligent; even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing.他很勤劳,即使在假日里,他也宁愿做点什么事,而不愿闲着。
She is very traditional; she prefers dressing formally to wearing sport clothes.她很守旧,喜欢穿正式的服装,而不喜欢穿运动装。
2.提升某人为promote sb to a position
▲prefer sb to sth
◇用于be ～ed 结构
He was preferred to captain.他被提升为队长。
*否定转移p239
He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
You can’t be too careful.你越小心越好。
1. If I ____ where he lived， I ____ a note to him.
A. knew， would
B. had known， would have sent
C. know， would send
D. knew， would have sent
2. If they ____ earlier than expected， they ____ here now.
A. had started， would be
B. started， might be
C. had started， would have been
D. will start， might have been
3. I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it， I ____ then.
A. Had I known， would ring him up
B. Should I know， would have rung him up
C. If I knew； would ring him up
D. Had I known； would have rung him up
4. Mary is ill today. If she _____， she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill， wouldn't be
B. had been ill， wouldn't have been
C. had been ill， should have been
D. hadn't been ill， could be
5. Were I to do it， I ________ it some other way.
A. will do
B. would do
C. would have done
D. were to do
6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible， but I was so busy then.
A. could tell， if it had been
B. must have told， were it
C. should have told， had it been
D. should have told， should it be
7. Without your help， we________ so much.
A. won't achieve
B. didn't achieve
C. don't achieve
D. wouldn't have achieved
8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice， you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken， wouldn't have made
B. If you had taken， would make
D. Have you taken， won't have made
9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.
A. did
B. could have done
C. have done
D. should do
10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre
A. went
B. would go
C. had gone
D. were going
11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.
A. could
B. should
C. would
D. were able to
12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.
A. could
B. must
C. should
D. might
13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he's refused to go there.
A. is given
B. must give
C. should give
D. be given
14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party？
A. will invite
B. have invited
C. is invited
D. invite
15. I insisted that he ________ at once.
A. be gone
B. go
C. would go
D. might go
16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.
A. hadn't stolen
B. shouldn't steal
C. doesn't steal
D. steal
17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made
B. would make
C. makes
D. make
18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has known
D. won't know
19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.
A. may hear
B. will hear
C. hear
D. have heard
20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.
A. caught
B. will catch
C. might catch
D. shall catch
21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.
A. are
B. shall be
C. were
D. should be
22. That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday.
A. could buy
B. should buy
C. should have bought
D. bought
23. It is high time we ________ home.
A. will go
B. would go
C. have gone
D. went
24. I'd rather that you ________ home.
25. If only I _________ to the lecture！
A. listen
B. will listen
C. am listening
D. had listened
26. —— If he_____， he ______ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned， would not take
B. had been warned， would not have taken
C. would be warned， had not taken
D. would have been warned， had not taken
27. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________， she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
28. Without electricity， human life ________ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
29. He ________ you more help， even though he was very busy.
A. might have given
B. might give
C. may have given
D. may give
30. If city noises _______ from increasing， people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept， will have to
B. are not kept， have to
C. do not keep， will have to
D. do not keep， have to
31. Mike's father， as well as his mother， insisted that he ________ home.
A. stayed
B. could stay
C. has stayed
D. stay
32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. so
33. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.
A. has she known
B. had she known
C. if she know
D. if she has known
34. If you had enough money， what ________？
A. will you buy
B. would you buy
C. would you have bought
D. will you have bought
A. didn't see
B. haven't seen
C. wouldn't have seen
D. hadn't seen
36. Our monitor requested that ________.
A. all the class studied more carefully the problem
B. the problem was more carefully studied
C. with great care the problem could be studied
D. all the class study the problem more carefully
37. —— Would you have called her up had it been possible？
Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.
A. had been
B. was
C. be
D. should be
39. It is important that we ________.
A. shall close the window before we leave
B. will close the window before we leave
C. must close the window before we leave
D. close the window before we leave
40. I didn't know his telephone number， otherwise I ______ him.
A. had telephoned
B. would telephone
C. would have telephoned
D. telephone
参考答案
1~5 BADAB 6~10 CDABC 11~15 CCDDB 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 DCDAD 26~30 BDDAA
31~35 DABBD 36~40 DABDC
定语从句练习
1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which
B. what
C. as
D. those
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
D. the one
3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. in which
D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
英语高考单项选择 真题部分-2004年浙江省 21. The winner of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 22. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 23. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 24. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 25. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up 26. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 27. ---- What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. ----- _____. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It’s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 28. --- Brad was Jane’s brother! ---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 30. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. A. act B. help C. serve D. last 31. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 32. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---- ______ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 33. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. A. none B. either C. any D. each 34. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 35. A nyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. Which
单项选择题 1. 由己糖激酶催化的反应的逆反应所需要的酶是 A．果糖二磷酸酶 B．葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶C．磷酸果糖激酶 D．磷酸化酶 E. 葡萄糖激酶 2. 正常情况下，肝获得能量的主要途径 A．葡萄糖进行糖酵解氧化B．脂肪酸氧化C．葡萄糖的有氧氧化D．磷酸戊糖途径 E．以上都是。 3．糖的有氧氧化的最终产物是 A．CO2+H2O+ATP B．乳酸C．丙酮酸 D．乙酰CoA E.ATP 4．需要引物分子参与生物合成反应的有 A.酮体生成B．脂肪合成 C．糖异生合成葡萄糖 D．糖原合成 E．以上都是 5．不能经糖异生合成葡萄糖的物质是 A．α-磷酸甘油B．丙酮酸C．乳酸D．乙酰CoA E．生糖氨基酸6．丙酮酸脱氢酶存在于下列那种途径中 A．磷酸戊糖途径 B．糖异生C．糖的有氧氧化 D．糖原合成与分解 E．糖酵解 7．丙酮酸羧化酶是那一个途径的关键酶 A.糖异生 B．磷酸戊糖途径C．胆固醇合成 D．血红素合成 E．脂肪酸合成 8．糖代谢中间产物中含有高能磷酸键的是 A．6-磷酸葡萄B．6-磷酸果 C．1，6-二磷酸果糖 D．3-磷酸甘油醛E．1．3-二磷酸甘油酸 9. 丙酮酸氧化脱羧生成乙酰辅酶A与许多维生素有关，但除外 A．B 1 B．B2 C．B6 D．PP E．泛酸 10．在糖原合成中作为葡萄糖载体的是 A．ADP B．GDP C．CDP D．TDP E．UDP 11．下列哪个激素可使血糖浓度下降 A．肾上腺素B．胰高血糖素C．生长素 D．糖皮质激素E．胰岛素
12．下列哪一个酶与丙酮酸生成糖无关 A．果糖二磷酸酶B．丙酮酸激酶C．丙酮酸羧化酶 D．醛缩酶E．磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶 13．肌糖原分解不能直接补充血糖的原因是 A．肌肉组织是贮存葡萄糖的器官B．肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖酶 C．肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶D．肌肉组织缺乏磷酸酶 E．肌糖原分解的产物是乳酸 14．葡萄糖与甘油之间的代谢中间产物是 A．丙酮酸 B.3-磷酸甘油酸C．磷酸二羟丙酮 D．磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸E．乳酸 15．三羧酸循环和有关的呼吸链反应中能产生ATP最多的步骤是 A．柠檬酸→异柠檬酸B．异柠檬酸→α-酮戊二酸 C．α-酮戊二酸→琥珀酸D．琥珀酸→苹果酸 E．苹果酸→草酰乙酸 16．丙酮酸羧化酶的活性可被下列哪种物质激活 A．脂肪酰辅酶A B．磷酸二羟丙酮C．异柠檬酸 D．乙酰辅酶A E．柠檬酸 17．下列化合物异生成葡萄糖时净消耗ATP最多的是 A．2分子甘油B．2分子乳酸C．2分子草酰乙酸 D．2分子琥珀酸E．2分子α-酮戊二酸 18．位于糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径、糖原合成和糖原分解各条代谢途径交汇点上的化合物是 A．1-磷酸葡萄糖B．6-磷酸葡萄糖C．1，6-二磷酸果糖 D．3-磷酸甘油酸E．6-磷酸果糖 19．动物饥饿后摄食，其肝细胞主要糖代谢途径 A.糖异生 B．糖有氧氧化C．糖酵解 D．糖原分解 E．磷酸戊糖途径 20．下列各中间产物中，那一个是磷酸戊糖途径所特有的 A．丙酮酸 B．3-磷酸甘油醛C．6-磷酸果糖 D．1，3-二磷酸甘油酸 E．6-磷酸葡萄糖酸 21．三碳糖、六碳糖与七碳糖之间相互转变的糖代谢途径是
1.---How about the price of these refrigerators?---They are equal in price to ,if not cheaper than, at the other stores. A.others B. it C. that D. the ones 2.----Do you have at home now? ---No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 3.Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there 4.Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get half. A.every B. each C. another D. either 5.You mustn’t always do as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A.angthing B. something C. nothing D. everything 6.I didn’t want either of hats and asked the salesman to show me . A．those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others 7.I’m no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A.another B. the other C. others D. one 8.Thank you very much indeed. That’s of you. A.kindest B. most kind C. /the kinder D. the most kind 9.Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.now B. that C. it D. man 10.He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten windows, most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A.these B. those C. that D. which 11.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. A. all, no B. any, no C. none, any D. no one, any 12.Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 13.A lthough he’s wealthy, he spends on clothes. A.little B. few C. a little D. a few 14.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help. A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 15.I asked him to me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him. A.spend B. spare C. save D. share 16.I can you to the railway station in my car. A.send B. pick C. ride D. take 17.Careless driving a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results 18.A single mistake here could you your life. A.pay B. take C. spend D. cost 19.I’m afraid Mr Brown isn’t in. W ould you like to a message? A. give B. leave C. carry D. take 20.Our teacher suggested Wang Lin to America for further study. A.should send B. would be sent C. sending D. be sent
初一下册英语单项选择练习题汇总 1.He came to China_______1998. A.From B.since C.At D.in 2.—____did you buy the new bag?—Last Monday. A.Where B.How C.When D.Who 3.Mr.Yang is too______to go on walking. A.strong B.Tall C.Kind D.tired 4.______trees are cut down every year. A.Thousand B.Thousands of C.Thousands D.Thousand of 5.He's lived here________1980.
A.after B.In C.from D.since 6.—Can you understand me?—Sorry,I can_______ understand you. A.hardly B.Almost C.nearly D.ever 7.—______does it take me to go from my school to your school?—About five minutes. A.How many B.How far C.How much D.How long 8.—Hello.May I speak to Jim,please?—_________, please? A.Who are you B.How is he C.Who is that D.What are you
2014高考英语单项选择专题训练精品题（16）及答案 【湖南省怀化市2014高考英语3月一模试 Section A (15 marks)（单项选择） Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21. He is of confidence, , in my opinion, is most important in society. A. how B. that C. what D. which 22. — Tom! I forgot to bring my notebook this morning. —Don’t worry! I it for you. A. will get B. gets C. am getting D. am going to get 23. Microblogs experienced rapid growth in 2013 in China, with its operators, users and visitors several times. A. increase B. increased C. increasing D. to increase 24. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 9013 to Changsha off at 7:30. A. took B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken 25. Keep yourself open we can experience the great joy that friendship can bring. A. as if B. so that C. even though D. ever since 26. We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light . A. the ones B. those C. ones D. these 27. By the end of last week, nearly 80 percent of the work . A. have finished B. had been finished C. will be finished D. was finished 28. Focused on your heart asks you to do, you’ll realize your dream one day. A. that B. which C. what D. it 29. Lady Gaga has put off her concerts because of the difficulties by the ongoing strikes. A. caused B. causing C. to be caused D. having caused 30. Cindy, to be here at 8 o’clock. A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure 31. necessary experience for my future career, I take an active part in social activities in college. A. To gain B. Gain C. Gaining D. Having gained 32. You get two tickets of Despicable Me Ⅱ, as I have promised . A. may B. can C. need D. shall 33. A recent survey shows that the number of children who from the countryside with their
数学实验题集锦（单项选择题） 1．MA TLAB系统运行时，内存中有包括X和Y在内的多个变量（数据），要删除所有变量（数据），应该使用的命令是A （A）clear；（B）clc；（C）home；（D）clear X Y 2．在MA TLAB命令窗口中键入命令syms x，y1=sqrt(x);y2=x^2；int(y1-y2,x,0,1)，屏幕显示的结果是D （A）y1 =x^(1/2) （B）ans= 2/3；（C）y2 =x^2；（D）ans= 1/3 3．在MA TLAB命令窗口中，键入命令syms x；int(x*sin(x))。结果是A （A）ans= sin(x)-x*cos(x)；（B）ans= cos(x)+x*sin(x)； （C）ans= sin(x)-cos(x)；（D）ans= -1/2*cos(x)*sin(x)+1/2*x 4．在MA TLAB命令窗口中，键入命令syms x；int(x*cos(x))。结果是A （A）ans= cos(x)+x*sin(x)；（B）ans= cos(x) - x*sin(x)； （C）ans= sin(x) - cos(x)；（D）ans= sin(x) - x*cos(x) 5．在MA TLAB命令窗口中，键入命令syms x；int(x*exp(x))。结果是A （A）ans= x*exp(x)-exp(x)；（B）ans= x*exp(x)+exp(x)； （C）ans= x – exp(x)；（D）ans= x +exp(x) 6．在MA TLAB命令窗口中，键入命令syms x,F=1/(2+cos(x));ezplot(diff(F))，结果是D （A）绘出函数F在[0，2π]的图形；（B）绘出函数F在[–2π，2π]的图形； （C）绘函数F的导函数在[0，2π]的图形；（D）绘函数F的导函数在[–2π，2π]的图形 7．MA TLAB语句strcat(int2str(2008),'年是', s,'年')的功能是C （A）将数据2008转换为符号；（B）将数据2008与符号变量合并； （C）将几个符号变量合并为一个；（D）将符号变量转换为数值变量； 8．MA TLAB语句syms x；v0=515；F=v0*v0*sin(2*x)/9.8；ezplot(F,0,pi/2)的功能是B （A）绘抛射体飞行时间函数在[0，π /2]的图形； （B）绘抛射体射程函数在[0，π/2]的图形； （C）绘抛射体飞行时间函数在[0，2π]的图形； （D）绘抛射体射程函数在[0，2π]的图形； 9．MA TLAB命令syms x t;f=4*x*t;int(f,x,2,sin(t))功能是（ B ） （A）计算函数f关于t的定积分；；（B）计算函数f关于x的定积分； （C）计算函数f关于x的不定积分；（D）计算函数f关于t的不定积分。 10．MATLAB命令syms a b x，f=exp(a*x)*sin(b*x)，int(f) 功能是（ C ） （A）计算函数f关于a的定积分；；（B）计算函数f关于b的定积分； （C）计算函数f关于x的不定积分；（D）计算函数f关于x的定积分。 11．MATLAB命令syms x；f=sin(x);V=pi*int(f*f,x,0,pi)功能是（C ） （A）绘出函数f在[0，2π]的图形；（B）计算函数f在[0，2π]的积分； （C）计算旋转曲面所围的体积；（D）计算旋转曲面的表面积。 12．MATLAB命令y=dsolve('Dy+a*x=0','x') 的功能是（ C ） （A）解代数方程；（B）解不定方程；（C）求微分方程通解；（D）求微分方程特解。 13．MATLAB命令y=dsolve('D2y+w^2*y=0','x') 的功能是（ C ） （A）解代数方程；（B）解不定方程；（C）求微分方程通解；（D）求微分方程特解。 14．y = dsolve('Dy=1/(1+x^2)-2*y^2','y(0) = 0','x'); ezplot(y)的功能是（ A ） （A）求微分方程特解并绘图；（B）解代数方程；（C）求定积分；（D）求微分方程通解。 15．北京和纽约的经度分别是：东经118和西经76，根据经度差计算时差用（ D ） （A）fai1=118;fai2=-76;Dfai=(fai1+fai2)/24；（B）fai1=118;fai2=-76;Dfai=(fai1+fai2)/15； （C）fai1=118;fai2=-76;Dfai=(fai1-fai2)/24；（D）fai1=118;fai2=-76;Dfai=(fai1-fai2)/15 16．计算银杏树叶图形面积语句syms x;y1=2-x^2;y2=abs(x);int(y1-y2,x,-1,1)结果为（D） （A）ans=1/6 （B）ans= 1/3；（C）ans =7/6；（D）ans= 7/3 17．MATLAB命令A=[1 4 2;3 1 2;6 1 5];det(A(1:2,2:3).*A(1:2,2:3))执行后结果是B （A）ans= -143 （B）ans= 60 （C）ans= -16 （D）ans= -19
单项选择题练习 1. It is _______ outside. Let’s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom. A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy 2. —_______ do you _______ about spring? —The flowers and the green trees. A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like 3. —What’s your sister like? —_______. A. She is a worker B. She likes pears C. She is very thin D. She is like her father 4. —It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? —_______. Please do it now. A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea 5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. —_______. A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. thank you very much. C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over 6. We should keep _______ in the reading-room. A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D.quickly 7. The light in the room wasn’t _______for me to read. A. enough bright B. brightly enough C. enough brightly D. bright enough 8. She is _______of the two. A. the cleverest B. the cleverer C. the clever D. cleverest 9. —How far is the factory from here? —It’s about 4 kilometres _______. A. far B. long C. away D. near 10. He is taller than _______ girl in his class. A. any B. other C. any other D. another 11. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the better D. a better 12. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann 13. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday. A. of B. / C. most D. more 14. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second. A. / B. the C. a D. an 15. —You’re very ______, aren’t you? —Yes. Our team has won the game. A. happy B. worried C. sad D. afraid 16. I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is. A. knock, he B. knocking, he C. knock, it D. knocking, it 17. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One. A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both 18. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?
1. Thank you for sending us _________ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _____ great service. A. / ; a B. the; a C. /; / D. the; / 2. "How did the plan strike you?" "It ____ , so we can't think too highly of it.“ A. all depends B. makes no sense C. is so practical D. is just so so3. ---Little Tom has cried for 20 minutes! --- _______. He'll be all right soon. A. Leave him behind B. Leave him
alone C. Leave him out D. Leave him over 4. You didn' t do anything wrong, --- you should have a clear ______. A. conscience B. sense C. awareness D. understanding 5. The Pacific region will be one of the fastest growing areas in the world in the 21st century. ______ shouldn' t be any doubt about it now. A. It B. That C. This D. There 6. At last the man h ad no choice but _____ the computers from the office. A. admit to have
练习题-单项选择题参考答案 练习题1 （1）.NET Framework将定义为一组规则，所有.NET语言都应该遵守这个规则才能创建可以与其他语言互操作的应用程序。A A.CLR B.JIT C.MSIL https://www.doczj.com/doc/3215411466.html, （2）在Visual Studio窗口中，在窗口中可以察看当前项目的类和类型的层次信息。A A.解决方案资源管理器 B.类视图 C.资源视图 D.属性 （3）在.NET Framework中，MSIL是指。B A.接口限制 B.中间语言 C.核心代码 D.类库 （4）是独立于CPU的指令集，它可以被高效地转换为本机机器代码。C A.CLR B.CLS C.MSIL D.Web服务 （5）包含在.NET Framework的各语言之间兼容的数据类型。B A.JIT B.CTS C.CLS D.MSIL （6）C#源代码经过次编译，才能在本机上执行。B A.1 B.2 C.3 D.0 （7）所有.NET支持的编程语言编写的源代码经过一次编译后，被编译成。D A.机器代码 B.C#源代码 C.CLS代码 D.MSIL代码 （8）在.NET中，关于CLR和MSIL的、叙述中正确的是。B A.应用程序在CLR环境被编译成MSIL，MSIL能够被任何计算机执行 B..应用程序被编译两次，第一次生成MSIL，MSIL在本机运行时被CLR快速编译 C.应用程序被编译两次，但是第二次CLR编译比第一次慢 D.以上都不对 （9）CLR为.NET提供以下方面的功能或者服务，除了。D A.无用存储单元收集 B.代码验证和类型安全 C.代码访问安全 D.自动消除程序中的逻辑错误 （10）.NET Framework有两个主要组件，分别是和.NET基础类库。A A.公共语言运行环境 B.Web服务 C.命名空间 D. Main()函数 （11）控制台应用程序使用命名空间中的类处理输入和输出。A A.System.IO B.System.Web C.System.Windows.Forms D.System.Data （12）Windows应用程序使用命名空间中的类处理输入和输出。C A.System.IO B.System.Web
一、单项选择题(共60题，每题1分。每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意) 1.小红最近与同学发生了争吵，觉得委屈，找班主任哭诉。班主任将小红转介给社会工作者小王。 小王在与小红接触中初步了解小红的情况。小红同意让小王帮助她。上述小王所做做得工作属于()阶段的任务。 A.接案 B.预估 C.介入 D.计划 2.王女士觉得儿子小强总是跟自己对着干，母子经常争吵。王女士找到社会工作者小秦，希望小 秦帮她改善与儿子的关系。此时，小强属于() A.现有服务对象 B.潜在服务对象 C.非自愿型服务对象 D.转介的服务对象 3. 在接案会谈中，王女士向社会工作者抱怨丈夫不关心自己，不顾家，下班只顾上网。此时， 社会工作者最适宜的提问是() A.“你觉得丈夫有问题，是吗?” B.“你是否觉得自己也有过错?” C.“你对自己的婚姻不满意，是吗?” D.“你能说说丈夫不关心你的具体表现吗?” 4.王女士近来情绪波动很大，严重影响了生活。情绪低落时，王女士觉得**义，不愿意与他人交往，情绪平稳时，王女士能够像平时那样生活。对此，社会工作者应该制订的服务目标是() A.防止王女士情绪进一步低落 B.帮助王女士发现生活中** C.鼓励王女士主动与他人交往 D.延长王女士情绪平稳的** 5.社会工作者小王与服务对象小郑最后几次会谈中都提到过结案的事。但在最后一次面谈中，小郑请求小王继续提供服务。对此，小王应该采取的做法是() A.转移小郑的注意力 B.委婉拒绝小郑的要求 C.了解小郑的感受 D.指出小郑请求的不合理性 6.社会工作者小王在社区调查中发现，许多年轻家长在育儿方面有困扰，不知如何与孩子沟通， 如何避免对孩子发脾气。针对这些问题，小王应该为这些家长提供的服务时()。 A.婚姻辅导 B.家庭辅导 C.儿童辅导 D.亲职辅导 7.社会工作和小吴在某偏远农村社区开展服务，通过整合社区内外部资源设立了社区儿童中心， 为中心配备了玩具、图书等，并定期组织儿童开展游戏等娱乐活动。小吴上述服务满足了儿童的()需要。 A.生存 B.发展 C.受保护
I. 单项选择。 1. He came to China _______ 1998. A. from B. since C. at D. in 2. — ____ did you buy the new bag?—Last Monday. A. Where B. How C. When D. Who 3. Mr. Yang is too ______ to go on walking. A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tired 4. ______ trees are cut down every year. A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Thousand of 5. He's lived here ________ 1980. A. after B. in C. from D. since 6.—Can you understand me ? —Sorry, I can__ understand you. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever 7. — ______ does it take me to go from my school to your school ?—About f ive minutes. A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long 8. —Hello. May I speak to Jim, please? — _________, please? A. Who are you B. How is he
高考英语单项选择题集锦（修订版） 一、选择法填空（划出各句中所需要的词或词组）：（本题满分为30分，每空1分） 例：It is time class. A. to B.in C.for 1. There no water in the glass. A. has B. are C. is 2. This pen was given me by my mother. It's . A. my B. mine C. to me 3. tractors helpful to the commune members? A. Is this B. Are these C.Are theirs 4. Which subject do you like ,Physics or chemistry? A. the most B. the best C. better 5. The Yellow River is the second river in China. A. long B. longer C. longest 6. The boat is passing the bridge. A. under B. through C. across 7. He went to Nanking October, 1977. A. in B. on C. at 8. Taiwan is the east of Fukien. A. in B. at C. to 9. His "Selected Poems" first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been 10. Did you to his talk yesterday? A. hear B. heard C.listen 11. Who is of you three? A. older B. oldest C. the oldest 12. My aunt to see us. She'll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come 13. Mathematics the language of science. A. is B. are going to be C. are 14. people attended the meeting last night. A. A hundred of B. Hundred C. Hundreds of 15. What do you usually do ? A. in an evening B. in the evening C. on the evening 16. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun . A. was shining B. shone C. has shone 17. He is very old, he still works very hard. A. but B. if C. when 18. He has already worked for hour. A. the B. an C. a 19. My brother is very good ping-pong. A. in B. for C. at 20. The poor peasants all had a life before liberation.
单项选择题 1、对吴均《山中杂诗》赏析正确的一项是（ D ） 诗中的景象都是作者想象出来的，并不是真实存在的。 A. 全诗一句一景，没有人的痕迹。 B. 作者写这首诗的目的只是为了表达他对大自然的热爱之情。 C.本诗表达生动形象，主题明确，作者借幽居的景象，暗示归 D.隐山居之乐，充分表达了作者恬淡超然的闲适心情。 2、关于诗歌《山中杂诗》赏析，不正确的是（ B ）此题有疑问 这首诗写了四处场景：山际来烟、竹中落日、鸟飞向檐、云 A.出窗里，生动描绘了山居环境的幽静，表现了作者闲适的心情。这首诗写作者仕途不畅，尚未年高就要过上归隐生活，但他 B.很喜爱宁静的山居生活。 这首诗是作者在被贬后有感而发的，侧面体现了作者仕途不 C.畅，鸿图大志不得抱的遗憾。 这首诗表达生动形象，主题明确，作者借幽居的景象，暗示 D.归隐山居之乐，充分表达了作者恬淡超然的闲适心情。 3、赏析诗歌《山中杂诗》，关于诗的写作手法，不正确的是 （ D ）
本诗单纯使用白描细描手法。 A. 本诗动静相衬，相得益彰。。 B. 本诗景物交融，景中含情，景中有人。 C. 本诗托物寓意，情感表现相当明显。 D. 4.赏析诗歌《山中杂诗》，关于“竹中窥落日”中的“窥”字，不能用“望”来代替，下列说法正确的是（ D ） “窥”和“望”都有“用眼睛去看”的意思，用哪一个字在 A.本诗没有多大影响，只是作者用词习惯。 “窥”和“望”虽然都有“看”的意思，“窥”是从缝隙中 B.看的意思，“望”则是向远处看的意思，两者不在一个层面上。 作者当时是竹林里，是通过竹子与竹子之间的间隙看到的路 C.日，所以应该用“窥”。 “窥”表现出竹林幽深茂密，意境清幽；而“望”则更体现 D.出意境的阔疏朗，与诗歌整体意境不合。 以下关于诗歌《山中杂诗》的理解，分析不正确的是（ C ）、5这首诗写了四处场景：山际来烟、竹中落日、鸟飞向檐、云 A.出窗里，生动描绘了山居环境的幽静，表现了作者闲适的心．情。表达了诗人宁静、淡泊和愉悦的心情。 诗中说明了一个道理：拥有独到的观察角度，就会欣赏到与 B.众不同的景物。
初中英语100道必刷题——单项选择题满分 攻略 1.The teachers told us ___ the classroom. A.Clean B. to clean C.cleans D cleaning 2.She got ____“A” in final exam. A.an B.a C.the D./ 3.John is ___ friend of ___. A.a||，Sherlock Holmes B.the ||，Sherlock Holmes’s C. a||，Sherlock Holmes’ C.a||，Sherlock Holmes’s 4.Miss Xu teaches _____ English||，and she ____ when she was a student. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3215411466.html,||，taught herself B. our||，taught herself B.our||，taught her D. us||，taught her 5.Mary ||，help ______ to some fish ! A you B your C yourself D yourselves 6.It is ____ for us ___ face every day. A necessary||，wash B necessary||，of washing C necessary ||，to washing D necessary||，to wash 7.You ____ improve your English ___ you work hard. A.Won’t ||，or B will if C will unless D won’t unless 8.___of the twins has been there. A All B Both C Either D.Neither 9.I don't like this one. Please show me___ one. A the other B another C others D other 10.The text is easy for you.There are __ words in it.