填空练习
1．Did her _________（迟到）make her teacher angry?
2．It is no use ________(send )him to a hospital.
3．It’s a waste of time _______(argue ) with him about it.
4．It is a great deal of good ________(practice ) English every morning.
5．It’s fun _______(be ) an actor.
6．There is no _________(joke ) about such matters.
7．There is no use \ useless ___________(send ) him abroad.
8．There is helpless ____________(know ) what has happened.
9．There is no need ______(asking ) for his advice.
单选题
1. _________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A, The walk B, Walking C, To walk D, Walk
2, Is _________ necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A, it B, this c, he D. that
3．----What made her so worried ? ----- _________ the examination.
A, To fail B, because she failed C, Her failing D, She failed
4,________ for class today made her teacher angry ?
A, Mary being late B, Mary has been late C, Mary’s being late D, Mary was late 3,___________ a cold worries his mother .
巩固练习：
①Would you mind __________(open ) the window?
②I never enjoy _______(meet ) such a girl like him
③You can’t help ________(wonder) how the Egyptians were able to build pyramids.
④The boy practiced _____ (speaking ) English every morning .
⑤The professor excused my _________(not call)
⑥Lenin kept on_________ (study)with them for some time .
⑦Do you consider it any good _______(try) again?
⑧I should go to attend your birthday instead of ________(stay)at home.
⑨what about ________(go) out for a walk.
⑩we had some difficulty in _______(do ) maths problem.
?We should prevented our river from ________(pollute污染)
?He had much experience in ________(run) factories.
?Thank you for _______(tell) me the story.
?They are used to ________ (live ) in the countryside.
①I love _________ (swim) every winter.
②The stone began ________(weigh)
③we are beginning ________(talk) about my English study.
④Don’t worry about anything , you will begin ________(know).
⑤The patients needs /wants requires ____________\ _________ (operate on ).
⑥We don’t allow anyone who studied in qing yuan middle school _____(smoke).
⑦He allowed my _______ ( speak) in public.
⑧I advise he __________ (attend ) the meeting
⑨He advised the meeting __________(hold) at once.
⑩Our teacher don’t permit our_________(游泳)in the lake.
?Our teacher don’t permit us___________(游泳) in the lake.
?They regretted _________(order) these books from abroad.
巩固练习 ：
① I remember _____________(见过 )her once somewhere.。 ② I remember _____________(meet ) her at the station tomorrow. ③ I forgot _____________ (give ) it to you yesterday. ④ I forgot _________(give ) it to you. Now here it is.
⑤ I don’t regret ________(tell ) her what I thought ,even if it upset her.
⑥ I regret ________(inform 通知) you that we are unable to offer you my help. ⑦ Since you are tired of traveling by train, why not try________(travel)by plane . ⑧ They tried ______________(catch) their chicken in another way.
⑨ You can’t open the front door, why ______(not try ) _____(open) the back one? ⑩ we tried__________ (get )him interested in his studies , but it didn’t work. ? The young fellow tried ___(send) her flowers but it still didn’t have any effect. ? Wasting time means _______(waste) your life.
? Not taking the first bus means ________(take ) the last bus. ? Do you mean ________(fly ) to the United state?
? Though they were tired, they didn’t stop ______________(study). ? The students stopped ______________(talk) as soon as the teacher came in. ? The old man stopped _________(listen), but nothing could be heard any more. ? Whatever they said, I just could not help ________ (think)of my parents. ? When they heard the news , they couldn’t help ______ (laugh). ? They decided to leave off _______ (go) fishing
21 It is time to leave off ________(talk) and _______( start ) acting.
A. read
B. being read
C. to be read
D. reading 2. There is _______ what may happen .
A. not saying
B. no saying
C. not to say
D. saying not 3. Teaching ______________( learn).
（改错）
① His trouble is his not having enough money. ② Tom’s often coming late make his teacher angry. ③ Do you object to my brother’s joining you. ④ She didn’t like him smoking
⑤ I don’t mind your s haking my hands.
⑥ There is still some hope of you sister winning the championship ⑦ Him going won’t be of much help. ⑧ Mary joining us will be of much help.
⑨ He was awaken by someone\ someone’s knocking at the door. ⑩ There is little hope of they group \group’s wi nning the red banner. ? Excuse me for me being careless.
? Don’t mind your father being angry with you.. ? He spoke of there be danger.
? I never dreamed of there be a picture on the wall.
① He was afraid of ______________ (scold 惩罚)
② He hates _________________________ (treat 对待) like that. ③ He came to the party without ____________________ (invite) ④ I regret ________________________ ( not take) your advice . ⑤ I am sorry for ___________________ (keep) you waiting so long . ⑥ Thank you for _______________________ ( give ) us so much help.
⑦ He prided （自豪）himself on ________________（never beat 打）in class. ⑧ He didn’t mind _____________________(see) his bad friend before. ⑨ These books must be returned to the library after _______________ (read). ⑩ I am sorry to forget ___________________(tell ) about it .
? We were praised (表扬)for __________________ (finish )the work ahead of time . ? The boy was angry at ____________________ (laugh) at.
? The child was afraid of ____________________ (take ) to the hospital again. ? I am not used to _______________ (treat )in that way. ? We think it useless ____________ (ask ) him to go . ? He was criticized for _____________________ (come )late.
? The child was given a good wash before ________________ (put )to bed . ? After __________ (show )round the factory, we were taken t the kindergarten. ? Some officials(官员) regretted ______________ (agree )to the suggestions. ? They missed ___________________ (see) the film.
21 She suggested ___________________(spend) the night in the open. 22 He succeeded in ______________ (pass) the driver’s test.
23 The rain kept them from_____________________ (go) to the football match. 24 We are interested in ______________( collect) stamps.
25 He prided （自豪）himself on _____________________(never beat ) in class. 2) There is always plenty to read in the ________(wait) room.
3） It was a good _________ room which was never visited last year.
A. hiding
B. being hided
C. hided
D. having been hided
动词-ing 形式 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。 主动形式被动形式 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。 It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。 二、动词-ing用作宾语 1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。 2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 意义差别不大的动词，常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。 3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 但意义完全不一样的，常见的有：forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。 4. 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to, be crazy about, be tired of, succeed in, have difficulty in等。 三、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： printing factory = a factory for printing; the shopping center = the center for shopping; tiring music = music that is tiring; a surprising result = a result that is surprising 2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 四、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1）、表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, smell, feel, hear, find, notice, observe, catch, look at, listen to等。2）、表示指使意义的动词：have, leave, set, keep, get 等。 五、-ing形式作状语 -ing作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 现在分词在句中作状语,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 1.–ing 形式作时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. While walking along the road, Cruse caught sight of a poor dog. Having finished the work, they went out for a walk. 2.–ing 形式作原因状语
非谓语动词分项练习之动名词 1.We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 2.It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 3.The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have 4.It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 5.Some people's greatest pleasure is ______. A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing 6.You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being 7.You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. saying D. to have said 8.You can keep the book until you ______. A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read 9.I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having 10.Your mother and I are looking forward________ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing 11.People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing 12.Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back 13.Have you forgotten ______ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ______ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 14.We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again. A. be given, to try B. have, to try C. giving, trying D. having, to try 15.-- "I usually go there by train." -- " Why not ______ by boat for a change?" A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 16.-- What do you think of the book? -- Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 17.It is useless _____ to come now. He is busy. A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him 18.The classroom wants _________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 19.Jack said that he wouldn't mind _________ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 20.Keep on ________ and you will succeed.
非谓语动词---------分词的用法及总结 一.分词作状语 1. the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. A．To ensure B．Ensuring C．Having ensured. D．To have ensured 2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. （四川卷） A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 3. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. （天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 4. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. （浙江卷） A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 5.A fire broke out in the building at about 7:30 on Tuesday morning, __ in the death of a young girl. A. having resulted B. resulted C. being resulted D. resulting 6._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （安徽卷） A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 7. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. （福建卷） A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited 8. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to wor k two more hours a day. （湖南卷） A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 9. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （陕西卷） A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 10. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （浙江卷） A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 11. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 12. –Did the book give the information you needed? （北京卷） –Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 13. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Throw C. Throwing D. Being thrown 14. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （重庆卷） A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 15. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海卷) A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located 二.分词作宾语补足语 1. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全国卷I） A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. （上海卷） A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
高考英语非谓语动词之分词 一、分词的时态与语态 1、现在分词的时态语语态 主动形式：一般式：完成式： 被动式：完成式： 其否定形式在分词前加not 2、过去分词： 1）（be）a student, she was interested in her study. 2) (study) in the university for three years, he knows it very well. 3) The building (build) now is our teaching building. 4) (criticize) by his teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 5) This is the book (write) by a famous writer. 6) (not know) how to handle the problem, she decided to turn to his teacher for help. 二、分词的用法（高考考点透析） 1.分词作 1）There are two roads before us, one (lead) to the beach, the other to the park. 2) The conference (hold) now is about world environment protection. 3) The conference (hold) last week is about world environment protection. 4) walked hard on the ground (cover) by/with snow. 5) The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.(湖南卷) A. being blown B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 现在分词作定语表示 过去分词作定语表示 2.分词作 1）The old man passed away, (leave) his son nothing but debts. 作状语 2) （hear）the disappointing news, he felt down. 作状语 3) The girl is leaning against the tree, (sing) a song. 作状语 4) (tell) me something about the matter, he left hurriedly. 作状语 5) (tell) many times, he didn’t make the same mistake again. 作状语现在分词的一般式做状语，即doing 形式，用法是 现在分词的完成式做状语，即having done形式，用法是 3.做补语（参见五·三P91非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词 1）A cook will be fired if he is caught in the kitchen.(高考题) A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoke 2）When I looked back in the supermarket, I suddenly found someone (smoke). 3) I’m delighted to see the project (perform) by the government.
第十六讲：非谓语动词——分词 教学重点： 掌握分词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。 命题趋势： 分词的考点依次为作状语，作定语，做宾补及表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。 知识点回顾： 1.分词的基本概念： 分词也是非谓语动词之一。 分词在形式上有两种形式： （1）现在分词，动词原形 + ing（同动名词形式） （2）过去分词，（规则动词）动词原形 + ed （不规则动词）构成没有什么规律 3.分词在句中所能充当的成分 4.分词的用法 （1）分词做表语 ①跟在系动词之后 分词做表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面。 现在分词做表语：一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。含有“令人….”的意思。 主语多数为物。 过去分词做表语：一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到….”的意思。 主语多数情况是人。 例如： The news sounds encouraging. His father seems pleased with his results. ②做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别 被动语态表示主语受到的动作表示主语的动作，而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。The blackboard was broken by LiMing. The blackboard is broken. ③作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别 作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。 The situation in our country is encouraging. 进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
非谓语动词(一)——现在分词 考点一：现在分词作状语。 A、做时间状语 1. _____________________，he looked for them everywhere.(hold) （2011湖北卷） 他把钥匙握在手上，到处寻找. 2. _____________________to this area，the storm left .(cause) 暴风雨给这个地区造成巨大灾害后离开了。 B、做原因状语： 3. _____________________the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks .(complete) 没有完成节目，他们不得不再呆两星期。 4.Accustomed to _____________________by others , the little boy likes ti be his own listener .(look) 习惯了被瞧人看不起，这个小男孩喜欢自己做自己的听众。 C、做条件状语 5. _____________________ ，We will visit you . (come) 如果我们来这个城市，我们会去拜访你的。 比较： 6. _____________________ ，We will start at six this afternoon .(permit) 天气允许的话，我们将今天下午六点出发。 D、做让步状语 7．_____________________,he still reapted the same mistakes .(tell) 虽然告诉了他很多次，可他仍然重复着同样的错误。 E、做伴随状语 8. The lady walked around the shops, _____________________bargains.（keep）(2010江西卷) 这位女士在商场转悠着，留意着里面的减价商品 9．The lawyer listened with full attention ,____________________any point . (try) (2010四川卷) 律师专注地听着，努力不错过任何要点。 F、做结果状语 10.More highways have been built in China,___________ for people to travel from one place to another. (make) (2011陕西卷) 更多的高速公路建造起来了，使人们更容易从一个地方旅行到另一个地方。 考点二：现在分词作定语 11.A medical team ____________________will come to our school tomorrow .(consist ) 由三人组成的医疗队明天回来我们学校。 考点三：现在分词做补足语 12.They use computers to keep the traffic __________________(smoothly) (2009全国卷2) 他们用电脑来保持交通运行顺利 考点四：现在分词做表语： 13.The day was so _________________(charm) 考点五：用在with复合结构中 14.With the boy ___________________, we had no difficulty in finding his house . (lead) 有这个孩子带路我们找到他的房子毫无困难。
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词-ing形式的要点 1．-ing的形式 2.-ing形式的基本用法 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much. ②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如 do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物
④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解 常见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词 今天我们来学习另外两种非谓语动词形式—现在分词和动名词。 现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的，都是doing，但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别，即便都可以做表语、定语，其含义也是大不相同的。 希望同学们通过今天的学习，能够真正领悟它们的用法和区别。 一.现在分词（The Present Participle）: doing 1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成，表示主动或正在进行，主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。 （1）作表语。（与主语存在主动的逻辑关系） The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异。 （2）作定语。（与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系） Do you know the young man standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下的年轻人吗？ The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. 穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨。 （3）作状语。（与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .（时间状语） 经过这所房子的时候，他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。
A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果状语) 大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了，只留下了沙子。 They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随状语）他们弄醒了他们的父母，喊着“圣诞节快乐”。 （4）作宾补。（与宾语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） I hear a girl singing in the next room. 我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 2、现在分词的否定式：not doing Not knowing where he is, she is feeling anxious. 不知道他在哪里，她感到非常焦急。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
说出划线部分作的语法成分,并圈出其逻辑主语。1. 2. , the boy didn’t respond. 3. 4. 5. 6. the field. 7. the teacher entered the classroom. 8. 9. 10. 11. Don’t leave those things 12. English 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 一、真题再现 ① (2014?重庆, 5 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return to our shop for quality problems. ②(20141?陕西,12 It ’ s quite hot today. Do you feel like going (go for a swim?
③(2014?天津, 7 Clearly and thoughtfully written (write, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ④(2014?四川, 5 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop after great effort. ⑤ (2014?福建, 27 Having spent (spend the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ⑥(2014?湖南, 21 Children, when accompanied (accompany by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ⑦(2014?四川, 8 Not knowing (know which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. ⑧(2013?北京, 29 When we saw the road blocked (block with snow, we decided to spend the holidays at home. ⑨(2013?福建, 22 Knowing (know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ⑩ (2013?陕西, 14 The witness questioned (question by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. ? (2013?重庆, 30 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,(tell me stories till I fell asleep. ? (2013?安徽, 32 (found in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’ s love of art. ? (2013?湖南, 29 You cannot accept an opinion