【2006】Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular cul ture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the
19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone co uld enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Ce nsus revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the thir d generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of
Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the Uni ted States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
[A] identifying [B] associating [C] assimilating [D] monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture [B] became intimate shops for common consumers
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
[A] are resistant to homogenization [B] exert a great influence on American culture
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture [D] constitute the majority of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.
[A] rewarding [B] successful [C] fruitless [D] harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all
year lon g and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s re venue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
[C] the town is not really short of money
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.
[A] is supportive of both sides [B] favors the townsfolk’s view
[C] takes a detached attitude [D] is sympathetic to the RSC
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some
long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that o f the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that ________.
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
[D] the data collected so far are out of date
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time
[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation
35. The author seems to b e mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.
[A] management efficiency [B] biomass level
[C] catch-size limits[D] technological application
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: art ists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea o f happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest
37. Th e word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.
[A] religious [B] unpleasant [C] entertaining [D] commercial
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.
[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness
[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied
[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
40. Which of the following is true of the text?
[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
考研英语一做题时间具体怎么分配 考研的英语时间是在考试的第一天下午2点到5点进行，共计3小时。如何高效地利用这三个小时，很多考生对此比较困惑。下面就为考研学子提供高效的答题策略及考研英语做题时间分配，希望能对大家有帮助。 一、考研英语做题策略 在《考研真相》的真题中，包含了完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大版块，从分值来看，考研英语阅读理解和作文总共70分，是重中之重，翻译、新题型和完形填空各10分。如果，阅读和作文首先顺利完成，考研英语可以说已经成功了一大半，接下来做其他题目也就信心十足。 如果按试卷顺序做题，到最后极有可能完形填空、新题型、翻译都做完了，但是作文没写完，因小失大。同时，根据经验分析，完形填空得分率都很低，一般在5分左右，可以完全放到最后面做。因为，到最后很多考生根本没有足够的时间仔细分析完形填空，一般都是大概看一看，直接填涂答题卡。即使得了零分，跟其他同学相比差距不会很大。 因此，把最佳的精神状态和时间合理的用在最重要的地方就能产生最佳的结果的地方。具体到实际运用过程中，一定要按照阅读理解、大小作文、翻译、新题型、完形填空这个顺序来做题。 二、考研英语做题时间分配 接下来就要分配做题时间。一般来说，四篇阅读理解文章，做题时间在一个小时左右。建议每篇文章花费15分钟时间，如果有个别较难的文章，可以多花点时间，但是不要超过20分钟。
写作文时间应该控制在40分钟之内，小作文写15分钟，6—8句话。大作文25分钟足够了，写3个自然段，12-15句话。很多同学感觉写作时间不够，主要是因为他们写的内容太多、太杂，层次不清晰，思路不明确，语言表达不到位。在考场上写作文，不在于你写的内容、篇幅太长，关键是看你的质量，无论是从内容上还是从语言上。 新题型部分，从这几年的真题走势来看，这部分的难度不是很大，建议考生把时间控制在20分钟之内。 翻译实际上这部分是阅读理解和翻译的综合能力考察，本身题目量较大，而且要翻译成相对应的汉语，所以考生把时间控制在20分钟内。 完形填空最后做，最多花15分钟时间，因为20个选项涂答题卡也要几分钟时间。如果最后没有时间仔细看题，就果断放弃完形填空，把时间放在认认真真涂好答题卡上面。 最后，提醒一点，上述时间分配不是固定不变的，考生可以根据自己答题情况灵活调整，原则是把时间花在最容易产生效益的地方。以上就是一些考研英语做题时间分配的规则。 历届学长学姐大力推荐的考研英语一辅导书 1.《非常词汇》 适合人群：英语一和英语二通用 推荐理由:800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词，通过句子记单词，让你不再由A 背到Z，背单词不再那么枯燥，记忆量大大变小了。赠送的4大赠本中，不仅包括考研英语必考词和基础词，还有四大赠本《高考词+四级词+六级词+考研词》、《基础词+必考词+偶考词+超纲词》，《750个考研高频短语》另外还有《300 组词汇辨析》。重点分明，可以根据的自己的情况和时间进行选择去用 2.闪过英语考研《必考词汇应用全书》 适合人群：备考时间不足的人 推荐理由：闪过作为英语教辅第二品牌，为什么说闪过英语适合备考时间不足的人，因为闪过英语辅导书都有“薄、准、精、快”的特点，让你在短期内闪过英语考试。
考研英语（一）阅读技巧总结 俗话说：“前人栽树，后人乘凉”，我们做任何事不能闭门造车，备考考研英语也是同样的道理，我们要学会寻找技巧方法，吸取前人的经验教训，进而才能更好的准备我们的考研英语考试。 之前我在准备考研英语考试时，咨询过很多学长学姐，再加上我个人的一些体验，总结了如下技巧（主要是针对考研英语一阅读）一、素材来源 好多同学买到真题就立即上手做，但从未了解过，真题是来源于哪些杂志文章啊，以及它会涉及哪些方面的内容啊，我们只有了解了这些才能做到心中有数，做起题来也更有方向感，其实，考研英语阅读和完形填空的真题文章有一半以上的都来源于英国的著名杂志《经济学人》，这个老牌的英文杂志涵盖的方面比较广泛，包括经济、政治、文化、科技、历史等诸多方面的话题。 二、阅读能力提高 阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度，理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩，最根本的方法就是提高词汇量，加强阅读训练，同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的，每个人都有自己做题的一套方法，也各有所取，个人比较偏向于快速浏览，选取关键词的方法，做阅读题时，我们尤其要避免以下几点：第一、不忠于原文，主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。 第二、问题简单化，粗心以及一些不良的阅读习惯。研究生的阅读题比六级要难一些，一般情况下文章的中心思想比较隐含，不会放在每段的第一句，答案不会在文章中直接给出。 第三、做完题缺少检查。对感觉把握不大或较难的试题，尤其是概括归纳题，作者意图题等在做完后要根据全文和问题的答案，看是否有矛盾，是否符合逻辑。 以上就是个人的经验总结，希望对同学们有帮助，最后，再推
考研阅读技巧 一、考研阅读的整体解题思路与步骤 时间分配：每篇16分钟最佳，最多可延长至20分钟左右。 第一步：快速划出段落序号以及各段首句0.5分钟 第二步：阅读首段，了解文章主题（Theme）1-2分钟 宏观把握，随机应变，根据第一段内容，才能更好的给定位打下基础。 第三步：扫描题干，尽量找出题干能够提供的信息（Key Words）1分钟 定位词的优先考虑顺序: 1、首先标出明确告诉位置的题目所在（某段某行） 2、专有名词优先，包括人名、地名、书名以及带引号的词等 3、数字、时间、时段（包括某些介词短语） 4、较长、较复杂的词组（名词动词词组优先） 5、重要的动词、形容词或副词等实词 6、条件词、因果词、比较词等虚词（往往起到辅助作用） 第四步：变速浏览原文，抓住中心7-8分钟 注意把握三个阅读原则： 原则一：首段原则（文章的第一段逐字读明白，可以反复和回读） 原则二：首末句原则（其余各段的首尾句要细读，其他各句正常阅读即可） 原则三：“路标”原则。所谓路标词，就是表示作者思想衔接和转折的功能词汇。 1、中心词 2、转折词 3、态度词 4、例证词 5、列举词 （具体请见第四部分）
第五步：仔细审题，定位原文3-5分钟 原则一：关键词定位原则 原则二：自然段定位原则 原则三：长难句定位原则 注意一：关键词在原文可能是原词本身，也可能是关键词的同义词。 注意二：问原因的问题，一般问主要原因（major reason） 注意三：“邪恶的眼睛”（in the eyes of），注意问的是谁的观点和态度。 第六步：重叠选项，斟酌答案。3-5分钟 原则：不能仅凭借印象做题，考研阅读的干扰项干扰性巨大，除了理解原文，分辨正确和错误的选项也是一种重要的基本功。一般对原文进行同义替换的是答案： 同义替换的手段有：a)关键词替换b)句型替换c)正话反说d)语言简化（总之，换汤不换药！） 原则一：选最佳答案而不是正确答案（四个选项都要认真看，不能偏心）。 原则二：不放过任何一个选项，仔细读每个选项，鉴于强干扰性，要求必须记住：选一个选项应有选的理由，不选一个选项也应有不选的理由。 原则三：每个选项都当成生命中最重要的句子，其中每个单词哪怕是时态、冠词都有可能引起错误。 二、考研阅读的猜题技巧及救命法则 1、“体现中心思想的选项往往是答案” 考研文章中所有的细节、例子、引语都是为了说明文章主旨、段落主旨，所以考细节的题目，虽然不是主旨题，但能体现中心思想的选项是答案的可能性要远远大于其他选项。 2、“不看文章时，看似极其合理的选项不是答案；看似不太合理的选项往往是答案”
考研英语阅读经验 h t p:/w w.C n K y.N e t 2006-5-31 考研英语的重点就是要大量的阅读。现在考研英语对阅读的考查越来越多，这也需要我们进一步的提高阅读能力。虽然考研的阅读理解有一定的规律可循，但是这些规律也在逐年的淡化。这几年反技巧的出题趋势越来越明显，考试越来越重视考生的真正阅读分析能力。所以，我们一定要提前打好基础，在整个一年的复习中，每天除了做专门的阅读理解练习外，还要阅读一定量的英语报刊。据了解，考研的阅读理解很多都是摘自国外的一些著名的报纸，如美国的New York Times（纽约时报），英国的Times （泰晤士报）等等。如果能找来的话，这些都是很好的阅读材料。06年最新的4篇文章就来自于传统的核心刊物：Economist，Time，以及Newsweek，这个进一步说明考研英语文章选材来源的固定化，进而给参加2007年考研的同学也提供了一个非常好的平时选读文章的方向。在这里必须要强调一点的就是，2006年阅读理解的最后一篇文章在“英语文摘”第7期上不但已经发表，而且还附之以中文翻译。这个就告诉我们的广大考生，在我们选读国外经典杂志时也不应该忽略犹如“英语文摘”、“英语世界”等等核心的国内英语刊物。希望参加2007年的考生予以重视。而且，考研英语的阅读量越来越大，里面不但有很多考察全文的主旨题，还有很多的细节题和作者态度题，这些内容的提炼都要我们在平时的阅读中渐渐地培养，而不是靠考前一两个月就可以一蹴而就的。 与此同时，备战考试的同学还要刻意训练自己快速阅读的能力，由上下文推理的能力以及中英文翻译能力，这对于解答新题型以及翻译题都有很大的帮助。 英语语言教育包括听、说、读、写、译，但是对大多数考研的学生来说，学英语将来主要的目的是看懂国外本专业领域的英语著作，了解本专业最新发展状况。因而，在国内外各类英语考试中，阅读能力的考核越来越受到重视，难度也逐年升高，在雅思、托福测试中也是如此。所以新大纲加强阅读的考核也是顺应时代要求。阅读理解是硕士研究生入学英语考试的重中之重，这一部分要能获得高分，考生便能在考试中处于有利地位。 阅读理解部分，考生们常常碰到的困难是：理解准确率和阅读速度矛盾，往往是提高了阅读速度，理解准确率就下降，而一味要准确率时，阅读速度就恨慢。要想加快阅读速度，首先要养成正确、良好的阅读习惯。应克服如下4种不良习惯：
考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every
1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读 Section II R eading Comprehension Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1 ①In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. ②A new phase in space exploration has begun. ①The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. ②Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. ③It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. ④In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.” ①The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. ②Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). ③Water is all but nonexistent. ①Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. ②For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. ③It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. ④In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace. 一、词汇 1．shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器 2．release v. 放出，释放 3.probe n. 探测 4.phase n. 阶段 5.density n. 密度 6.approximately ad. 大概，大约 7.stuff n. 材料，东西 8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的 10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线) 12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地 二、长难句 1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. 该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released … the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。 翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，
2016 考研英语阅读基 础班讲义 （适合英语一及英语二考生） 正康博士编讲
1994 Passage 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________. [A]withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes [B]obtain more convenient services than other people do [C]enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper [D]cash money wherever he wishes to 56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________. [A]in the future all the Americans will use credit cards [B]credit cards are mainly used in the United State today [C]nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash [D]it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 57.The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________". [A]make an order of goods [B]record basic sales on a cash register [C]call the sales manager [D]keep track of the goods in stock 58.What is this passage mainly about? [A]Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
考研英语阅读做题经验 和方法 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
考研英语真题经验和方法 阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说，最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据；对于议论文来说，最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度，以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。 13个重点考点和四大命题原则。考生应该熟记这些重点考点，并在平时的练习中训练自己对这些考点的敏感程度，做到使自己的神经能够一找到这些考点就会条件反射般地兴奋起来，从而增强对重点的记忆和理解。下面首先将一一介绍阅读理解文章的敏感考点。 1、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现，许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。 此外，文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如： allinall,inshort,toconclude,inconsequence,insummary,inaword,asaresult,the refore,accordingly,thus等。 主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3、长难句 上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 4、列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点，标志性的词汇包括First,Second,Third…;Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly… Finally;Firstofall,Then,Inaddition,Further,Furthermore,Besides,Moreover…针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节，有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式，不过通常会有两种题型：第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项，错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒；第二中
2011年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered b lank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exerci se precious to health.”But_____some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does_____short-t erm changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,____heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to__ __,a good laugh is unlikely to have_____benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does. ____,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,la ughter apparently accomplishes the____,studies dating back to the1930’s indicate that laughter.muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psycholo gical stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state.______on e classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted_______phy sical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also_______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow_____muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,s ocial psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6．[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal 11．[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
零基础考生考研英语阅读高分复习经验 考研英语分客观题60分(包括10分完型、40分阅读、10分新题型)和主观题40分(包括10分翻译、10分小作文、20分大作文)。主观题，视水区旱区而定，不同地区没有可比性。而客观题，答案是唯一的，不管英语想过线的还是英语想拿高分的，客观题都不能有失。下面为大家分享一位过来人的阅读复习经验，希望能够帮助大家。 ?词汇 词汇是基础，大纲词汇必须掌握。阅读中如果一句话中有一两个单词不认识，很可能导致这句话的意思搞错，甚至把整篇文章的主导思想搞错;如果问题选项中有单词不认识就更麻烦了。 说一下自己的体会，一开始做阅读练习的时候，错一大片，有时候甚至错一半，当时真是怕英语不过线，然后我痛定思痛，认真总结了阅读错的原因，我发现，是因为词汇关没过，文中一些单词不认识导致对文章关键句甚至作者的主体思想理解错误。 所以我下决心一定要攻克单词关，从论坛上学习了不少前辈的经验，受益匪浅，有一个学长说的很好，不要指望在一个地方将单词记住，关键是要在不同的地方去记忆或者练习同一个单词，我很以为然，于是去寻找快速记忆的捷径，最终搜了一款迈西背单词软件将单词过了一遍，说实话，我不推荐每个人都用软件记单词，因为不方便携带，我在电脑旁足足坚忍了20多天，每天将近2个小时，有时候眼睛都有点酸，终于将单词搞完了一轮，才长出一口气。一轮下来(其实不止一轮，因为软件有循环记忆，不熟练的单词从不同程度上重复记忆了很多次)，虽然有些单词还是没有完全记住，但大致都留了一个印象，在做阅读的时候明显有了感觉，结合上下文和脑海中残留的模糊的印象，基本能猜出单词的意思，这样阅读难度就降低了许多，而且这样过后，这个单词我也基本上掌握了，可以说是一举两得。 最后做往年真题的时候，近几年的真题阅读都是错1个或全对，考研时阅读就错了1个，错的那个争议也比较大，不可强求吧。更重要的是英语掌握了得当的方法，节省了很多时间，可以投入更多的精力在数学和专业课上。 因此，要想阅读得高分，必须首先攻克单词。 ?阅读技巧 核心思想就是分块阅读。一篇阅读有5个问题，每个问题是按顺序分布的。比如说一篇阅读有5段，第一问在第一段中找答案，第二问在第二段中找，以此类推，这就是所谓的分块阅读法，分块阅读的基础就是——题目是按顺序分块设置的。至于如何在块中发现答案，要找的就是同义替换，下文中会有详细介绍。(当然诸如这篇文章的题目应选什么? 的问题除外，需要结合整篇文章作答，不过这类问题很少) 因此阅读的技巧和关键就在于通过问题分解文章，缩小每次的阅读内容，各个击破。切记不要一口气读完文章后将5个问题一齐作答，一来记不住文章的要点和细节，二来会中出题人的陷阱(干扰项其实就是在细节上做手脚)，如偷梁换柱等。 阅读的方法如下： (1)扫一遍5个问题，对题干信息有个印象，看一眼就行了，不需要记住。然后按顺序精读，对含有题干信息的语句仔细阅读。另外，留意Which of thefollowing would be the best title of the test? 、The author’s attitudetowards… 这之类的问题，在分解阅读时可以顺便留意一下作者的观点态度。 (2)第一个问题，答案一般就在第一段。后面几问同理，这样整篇文章被分解成四五个部分，一部分最多三四个长句，对每个部分认真阅读，目标清晰，很容易得到正解;同时，每个部分，废话居多，真正的答案往往就其中一句话或其中一个关键短语，选对选项的关键在于找
考研英语的学习心得体会范文 我参加了新东方XX年的考研英语强化培训班，在XX年1月份的考研中取得了75分的成绩。这个分数不算很高，但是相对于我在英语学习上花费的时间精力，我已经对此很满意了，所以非常感谢成都新东方学校的老师对我的指导和帮助。 英语作为一门外语学科，最基础的当然是单词。作为一名理工科的学生，背单词一直是我最头疼的问题，每次看到一本本那么厚的单词书就让我感到很烦躁。但是新东方教会了我最快捷高效的记忆单词的方法，那就是只背真题词汇。没错，就是在历年真题中找出生词，然后抄写下来反复背诵。考研的整个过程中我都没有看过单词书，就是靠着新东方的这种背真题单词的方法进行学习，而且我感觉在正式考试的时候效果非常好。 考研英语和四六级在题型上最大的区别就是没有听力，所以阅读和作文就显得尤为重要。首先是阅读，考研英语阅读题目量不多，但是分值很重。所以一定要保证正确率，不用盲目追求速度。阅读首先还是要有词汇量，就是历年真题中的单词要尽量多掌握。然后就是句子分析，这方面新东方的培训讲得很透彻，只要用心听都没问题，而且还顺便把翻译拿下了。最后就是一些做题的小技巧，新东方的老师都会总结的很细致，记好笔记有空多看两眼就行。 作文也是考研时很重要的项目，不求文采飞扬，也要中规中矩。考研历年来题型就几种，每一种练习几篇就行了。最重要的是背模版，尤其是一些长难句和闪光句子，老师会给你很多，挑几个自己比较喜欢、觉得能用的比较好的记住，然后不论什么题目，都想办法把句子套进去就行了。 至于完形填空，有了以上的大基础，填一填就没有太大问题。有了单词和句子分析的基础，翻译和阅读也不会太离谱。 只要考试的时候放松心态，把自己会的东西发挥出来肯定就能取得满意的结果。 最后祝所有考研学子都能取得满意的成绩!
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems t hat make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leav e much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/3714838950.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/3714838950.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.doczj.com/doc/3714838950.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over