初中英语被动语态专项讲解
初中英语被动语态专项讲解
一、语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)
各种时态的被动语态构成：
1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world
2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：This house was built in 1958.
His leg was broken in an accident.
3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：More factories will be built in our city.
He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词.
Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.
Many new houses are being built in this city
5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there.
We were being trained this time last year.
6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词
Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.
The prices of many goods have been cut again .
7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.
8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.
三、被动语态的基本用法
一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
eg：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
谈谈几种特殊的被动结构
1.当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语（唯一宾语）”时，把宾语提到句首做主语，然后把谓语改成被动语态形式，最后把原主语变为宾格至于介词by之后。实际运用中by短语常被省略。
Eg：1.We finish our homework in the evening .
2.Our homework is finished in the evening .
2. 当句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语(表示人的)+直接宾语（表示物的）”时，一般把间接宾语变为主语，而直接宾语不变，这样句子显得自然些。如果把直接宾语作为主语，那么在间接宾语前应加介词to或for.
Eg:1.She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) →
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) →
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
注意：
1).间接宾语前需要加for的动词，
buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drow ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。
2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词，
bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return 等
3.当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”把主动态变成被动态时，只需将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语，而原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了
eg：1.They asked me to help them. →I was asked to help them.
2.Now people can use computers to help them →.
comouter can be used to help them .
3.We must keep the room clean . → The room must be kept clean .
4.We saw them coming over. →They were seen coming over.
如果复合宾语是由“宾语+不带to的动词不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to 要补出来。常见的这类动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时，to仍可省略。
Eg:1.The story made us laugh . →We were made to laugh by the story.
2.The teacher let the little boy go home . →
The little boy was let (to) go home .
4.含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
Eg： We can repair this watch in two days. →
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. → It should be done at once.
The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.
5.短语动词的被动语态：
一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉。
Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. →The radio was turned on just now .
2.They take good care of the babies . →The babies are taken care of.
3.The look after the babies . →The babies are looked after .
6.含有宾语从句的主动语态改为被动语态时，有两种改写方法：
1）.用it做被动语态的形式主语，宾语从句保持不变.
2）.将主动句中的宾语从句的主语改为被动语态的主语，从句的谓语部分变为不定式。这时的动
词不定式所用的形式要与原来的宾语从句保持一致。
Eg：They say that our teacher is busy these days . →
It is said that our teacher is busy these days.
Our teacher is said to be busy these days.
7.如果原句宾语有后置定语修饰，变为被动语态时，应把后置修饰语随同宾语一同提前。
Eg：we clean the windows of our classroom every day . →
The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.
8.如果原句主语不是动作的执行者，而是所使用的物质材料，变被动语态时要用介词with.Eg：smoke filled the room. → The room was filled with smoke .
9.by短语的取舍：
1）.当主动句中的主语是people ,one ,we ,they 等泛指性动词时，变为被动语态后，by短语通常省略。
Eg：we often speak English in our English class. →
English is often spoken (by us ) in our English class
2).当主动句中是who ，what ，which等做主语，变被动语态后句首的疑问词在句中的成分由原来的主语变为介词by的宾语，应注意介词by不能丢。
Eg：who wrote the book ? →who was the book written by ?
3).需要强调动作的执行时，by短语不能省略。
Eg：uncle wang made the kite .→ The kite was made by uncle wang .
六．可与被动语态连用的介词
在被动语态的句子中，常用介词by引出动作的发出者，实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多。
1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于…被用于做…)
Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you .
2.Stamps are used for sending letters .
2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介词with
Eg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife .
2.The bottle is filled with orange .
3.表示“被作为…(发生)”应用介词as （be used as 被作为…使用）
Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.
4.在be well-known 后应用介词to，表示“被…所熟知”
Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .
5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义
1).be made in 表示“在某地制造”
Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .
2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由…制成的”，但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料， be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料。
Eg：1.This table is made of wood .
2.This kind of paper is made from wood.
3).be made by 由…（人）制造的
Eg：The cake is made by my mother .
4).be made into 表示“被制成...” make …into 把…制成…（主动形式）
Eg：Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。
5）.be made after 表示“仿照...制成”
Eg：This machine is made after theirs .这台机器是仿照他们的机器制成的。
6).be made up of 表示“由...组成”
Eg：Our class is made up of fifty students .
七．不可用于被动语态的情况
1.当谓语动词是表示静态的及物动词（短语）时（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to…）不可用于被动语态。
Eg:How long did the meeting last ?
2.当谓语动词是look ,become ,get ,turn等连系动词，其后的成分多为形容词或名词词组作表语时。
Eg：he looks fine .
3.宾语是反身代词，相互代词或与主语对应的物主代词修饰的名词词组时。
Eg：1.They taught themselves English .
2.We should learn each other .
4.宾语是动词不定式（短语）或动名词时。
Eg：1.The students hope to visit the Great wall .
2.He has finished reading the book .
5.宾语和动词在意义上为不可分割的固定搭配时。
Eg：1.He caught a bad cold last week.
2.You shouldn’t make faces in class .
6.宾语是表示数量，长度，大小，处所或方位的词时。
Eg:1.They reached shanghai early in the next morning .
2.He left Beijing by bus yesterday .
7.当宾语是同源宾语时。
Eg:Today all of us live a happy life .
8.宾语是行为者（人体）的某一部分或人体的器官时。
Eg: 1.He could hardly believe his eyes .
2.Mr Hu shook his head and said nothing .
9.当宾语是某一组织机构或机关团体名称时。
Eg：The man joined the army in1957.
八.主动形式被动含义
在英语中，主动意义用主动语态表示，被动意义用被动语态表示。但在以下几种情况下，被动意义却用主动语态来表示：
一．少数动词，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，可用一般时态的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语大多为事物。常见的有：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、
eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.这些票太贵了，销路不好。
2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better．你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你的钢笔更好写。
3).The pen writes well. 这笔好写。
4).The door won’t open.门开不下来。
5).The clothes wash easily. 这衣服很好洗。
6). The door won't open. 这门打不开。
注意：这类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征
1).与not，hardly等否定意义的词连用.
2).常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度。3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。
二．某些表示感觉，状态，特征的系动词eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste 等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。
Eg:1.The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很软。
2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。
3.Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口
三．动词need, want, require等表示“需要”或“应该”的意义时，后用动词
ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义.。
Eg：1).The floor needs sweeping. 地板须拖一下。
2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那辆旧自行车需要修理。
3).Your hair needs cutting．你的头发需要理了。
4).The wall requires painting．这墙壁需要粉刷了。
四．“主语+be worth doing”句式中ving形式表达被动含义Eg：1.This book is well worth reading.
2.The film is well worth seeing．
五．不定式以主动形式表达被动意义的情况主要有以下两种：
1).1.不定式作定语与被修饰的词形成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 Eg：1.I ha ve something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告诉你。
2.Is there anything else to say? 还有别的什么事情要说吗？
2).在“主语 + 系动词+ adj. + to do” 结构中，不定式作为主语的补足语对主语作补充说明，与主语之间形成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动含义。（形容词通常为easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy等）
Eg:1.The place is easy to find in the map.
2.I find the problem difficult to solve.
3.The book is difficult to understand .
4.The water in the river is unfit to drink.这条河里的水不宜饮用。
5.His speech isn't easy to understand.他的演说不易理解
3).在too…to do sth 和enough…to do 句型中，如果主语是“物”而不是“人”，则不定式部分是用主动形式表达的被动含义.
Eg:1.The table is too heavy (for me)to carry .
2.The dress is good enough to wear at the party .
六．表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。Eg：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
七．介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相
应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1.“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。
Eg：The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。
Eg:The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。
Eg:His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot
be praised enough．
4.“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for
rent（出租）等。
Eg:That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5.“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印
刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。
Eg:The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
6.“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。
Eg:Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7.“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
Eg:The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)．。
8.“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
Eg:He took two days off within the teacher's permission
八．非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Eg:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
Eg:The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一
名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
Eg:This problem is difficult to work out （可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5.在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
Eg:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，
重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
Eg:1.There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）
九．教材中与被动语态相关的一些词组:
get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受伤) get lost(迷路)
get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚)
be covered with (被…覆盖) be made of （由…制成）（看得出原材料）
be made by （由某人制造） be made from （由…制成）（看不出原材料）
be made in （由某地制造） be used for （被用于…）
be used as （被当作…使用） be used to do （被用于做...）
it is said that…（据说…） it is hoped that…（希望…）
It is well known that...(总所周知...)
初中英语被动语态专项练习
一．单项选择
1.The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found
B. was founded
C. is founded
D. was found
2.English ____ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
3.This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings
B. often sang
C. is often sang
D. is often sung
4.This kind of car ___ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
5.New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used
B. are using
C. are used
D. have used
6.Our room must ___ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
7.-I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold
B. it's selling
C. It's been sold
D. it had been sold
8.A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
9.The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left
B. will be left
C. is left
D. has been left
10.Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
11.His new book___ next month. A.will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published
D. has been published
12.Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is not speaking
13.These papers___yet. A.have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written
D. has not been written
14.The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't
B. won't
C. isn't
D. doesn't
15.-My shoes are worn out.-----
A. Can't they be mended?
B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost?
D. Can't they mended?
16.___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does
B. Has
C. Is
D. Are
17.___ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
18.Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting
held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
19.Who was the book___? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
20.Where ___ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am
21.The flowers___often.
A. must be water
B. must be watered
C. must watered
D. must water
22.The books may___ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
23.The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend
B. can mended
C. can be mend
D. can be mended
24.The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A.is going to be rebuilt
B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. are going to rebuilt
25.The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown
B. will shown
C. will show
D. is shown
26.The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A.is going to be rebuilt
B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. will rebuild
27.Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept
B. are keeping
C. have been keeping
D. have been kept
28.The pot ___ for ___ hot water. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17879350.html,ed; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep
D. are used; keep
29.Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows
B. is grown
C. were grown
D. will grow
30.The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built
B. built
C. were built
D. was built
31.Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang
B. hanged
C. hanging
D. hung
32.The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw
B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw
D. stop from throwing
33.The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with
B. filled of
C. fulling of
D. filled
34.Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to
B. spoken
C. speak
D. spoken to
35.Old people must ___. A. look after well B. be looked well after
C. looked well after
D. be looked after well
36.Newly-born babies___in hospital.A. are taken good care
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
37.They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening
B. frightened
C. frighten
D. frightens
38.These walls___stone. A.are made of B. made of
C. are made into
D. made into
39.Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called
B. was asked
C. told
D. was said
40.The papers ___ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
41.The coat___her sister.
A. made to
B. were made for
C. was made for
D. was made to
42.___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave
B. was giving
C. had given
D. was given
43.Good care____such things.A.should take of B. should be taken
C. should be taking
D. should be taken of
44.She will____good care____.
A. take; of
B. be taken; of
C. take; for you
D. be taken; of you
45.The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do
B. do
C. did
D. done
46.The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean
B. made clean
C. made to clean
D. was made clean
47.These children____dance.
A. were seen to
B. were seen for
C. were seen
D. saw to
48.Thesestones___well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
49.The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost
B. costed
C. cost
D. is costed
50.The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had
B. was held
C. held
D. had
51.Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place
C. were taking place
D. had taken place
52.You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down
B. is wrong
C. is bad
D. has broken down
53.Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A.have happened
B. happened
C. have been happened
D. were happened
54.The watch has often ___ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
55.Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken
B. is breaking
C. broke
D. broken
56.The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written
B. were written
C. are writing
D. were writing
57.What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed
B. does; close
C. is; closed
D. /; close
58.Can he___himself?
A. get dress
B. get dressed
C. gets dressed
D. instead of
59.He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt
B. gets hurt
C. got hurt
D. hurt
60._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A.Is; built
B.Was; bulit
C.Does; build
D.Did; build
61.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A.has been happened
B.was happened
C.is happened
D.happened
62.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A.is grown
B.are grown
C.grows
D.grow
63.So far,the moon ____ by man already.
A.is visited
B.will be visited
C.has been visited
D.was visited
64.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.
A.is given
B.has been given
C.will be given
D.gives
65.How many trees ____ this year?
A.are planted
B.will plant
C.have been planted
D.planted
66.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A.are doing
B.are being done
C.has been done
D.will be done
67.Neither of them ______ in China.A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made
68.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.
A.is drawing
B.is being drawn
C.has been drawn
D.draws
69.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.
A.wear out
B.worn out
C.are worn out
D.is worn
70.The doctor _____ for yet.
A.isnt sent
B.hasnt been sent
C.wont be sent
D.wasnt sent
71.-When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A.did; use
B.was; used
C.is; used
D.are; used
72.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A.knows
B.knew
C.is known
D.was known
73.I ____ in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born
74.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.
A.is sent
B.would send
C.was sent
D.will be sent
75.Who _____ this book _____?
A.did; written
B.was; written by
C.did; written
D.was;written
76.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to
B.was asked to
C.is asked
D.asks to
77.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us
B.was told to us
C.is told us
D.told us
78.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump
79.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A.puts
B.can be put
C.can be putted
D.can put
二．用动词 show 的被动语态填空
1). I know a new film______________ at the cinema every week
2). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema last week.
3). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema these days.
4). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema at eight last night
5). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema recently
6). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema by the end of last week
7). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema in two days 三．将下列句子变成被动语态
1.People speak English in many countries.
2.We built this bridge last year.
3.The tiger in the z00 frightened the little girl.
4.Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
5.You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
6.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.
7.Has anybody fed the birds?
8.People will never forget the accident.
9.You may write this letter in pencil.
10.They are repairing the car in the garage.
11.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.
12.They have found ways to make waste water clean.
13.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.
14.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.
15.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
16.The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her
medicine.
17.They made the young man head of the volleyball team.
18.Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination.
19.Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital.
20.People will laugh at you if you wear that dress.
21.We must finish the work by six o'clock this afternoon.
22.Do you often clean your room?
23.They are making this type of radios in shanghai.
24.Could you carry out the plan on time?
25.We must pay attention to such problems.
26.Someone is showing them how to operate the computers.
27.You should put forward(提出)the questions at the meeting.
28.We saw a bus running towards us at that time
29.They elected her leader of the group.
30.They had to put off the sports meet because of the rain.
31.They make machines in that factory.
32.Every body likes this song.
33.He doesnt show the stamps to me.
34.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan
35.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.
36.Do the workers build many buildings?
37.Does Kate sometimes break glasses?
38.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?
39.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?
40.How many desks do they buy every term?
41.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.
42.Cranny told us a story last night.
43.He didnt give the dictionary to me yesterday.
44.He didnt buy anything there before he left.
45.Did he clean the blackboard just now?
46.When did she cook supper yesterday?
47.Where did she make them?
48.Whose ruler did you borrow?
49.We must tie the young tree to the stick
50.They can‘t mend the bike in that shop.
51.You should take good care of her baby.
Key:
1---5 BDDDC 6—10 BCBBC 11---15AABBA 16--20BABDB 21---25BADAA 26---30ADBBC 31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA 41---45CDDAB 46----50AAACB 51---55DDACA 56---60BCBCC
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
初中被动语态讲解 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
被动语态 一．概念： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例：1. They make trains in Xi’an. >> Trains are made in Xi’an by them. 2.Xm beats Xx evey day. >> Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二．构成 be + done (p.p.--及物动词的过去分词） 一般现在时—— am／is ／are + v.p.p. 一般过去时—— was／were +v.p.p. 一般将来时—— will be／be going to be + v.p.p. 过去将来时——would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p 现在进行时——am/is/are being + v.p.p. 过去进行时——was/were being+ v.p.p. 现在完成时—— have/has +been+ v.p.p 情态动词—— aux.v. (must／can／could／may…) + be + v.p.p. 三．被动语态的使用 1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时； 例：1. His car was stolen last night. 2. Basketball is played in most countries. 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（常由by引起） 例：1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 四．不用被动语态的情况 1. 某些及物动词+ adv表主动，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，photograph, clean, cook, cut 例：1. This book sells well. 2.Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3.This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well 4.She does not photograph well. 5.The cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 句子是主谓结构时，不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有：happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out 例：1. A traffic accident happened just now. 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears. 4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 连系动词无被动：感官系动词：look、feel、sound、smell、taste “表变化的系 动词”：become、grow、turn、fall、get “表保持的系动词”：keep, reamain, stay ④ prove + 形容词，名词或不定式 五．注意
2020年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及 答案 the bridge、 The bridge was built by them、 （一）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 1一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught She often watersthe flowers、The flowers are often watered by her’English is spoken by lots of people in the world2一般过去时：was／were＋taught Was/were doneWe visited a form yesterday、A form was visited yesterday by us、the cup was broken by the boy、He was saved at last、My bike was stolen,Some new computers were stolen last night、This book was published in198 1、这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught Am/ is /are going to be doneShe will plant some trees this week、some trees will be planted this week、our class is going to hold a party this morning、A party is going to be held this evening by our classA new road will be built next year4现在进行时：am／is／are being＋
动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词
被动语态专题 ◆定义 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 ◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ◆被动语态的时态： “主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： ◆主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。 第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。 第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句： 主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句） 1.Bruce writes a letter every week. → 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → 3.We grow trees every spring. → 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. → 补充： ①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring ……. 用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook …… to him by Mary. for her by her father. 随堂演练： （1）He gave me a book. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语) （2）My father bought me a new bike. →____________________________________(间接宾语作主语) →____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
被动语态 1. The PRC (found) in 1949. 2. Edison’s mother (save) after the operation. 3. I (tell) the good news yesterday. I was pleased to hear that. 4. Dr. Bethune went on with the operation though he (ask) to leave. 5. Very little (know) about the universe thousands of years ago. 6. —Where is Peter? —He (tell) to meet some foreign friends just now. 7. He (live) in this house since it (build). 8. Trees must (put) in the hole so that it is straight. 9. Old people must (speak) to politely. 10. Let’s (go) home if your homework (do). 11. Miss Zhao usually (ask) us some questions in class but yesterday she (ask) a lot of questions by us. 12. Tom (catch) a bad cold. He (must take) good care of. 13. —Look! I (buy) a new dictionary. —When it (buy)? —The day before yesterday. 14. I can’t mend the machine. Uncle Wang should (send) for at once. 15. He showed me the kite as soon as it (make). 16. —this kind of flower (water) every day? —Certainly. It (need) much more water than the others. 17. —Which does Li Lei prefer, the long jump or the high jump? —Of course, the high jump. He (know) to be good at it. 18. Sometimes Tom (take) to school by bike, but now he (walk) to school by himself every morning. 19. No more bread (need) because my mother (buy) so much of it. 20. Stamps can (use) to send and receive letters. 21. My bike (not work) now. It must (mend). I (use) it tomorrow. 22. Your shoes (wear) out. But they can (mend) here. 被动语态专项练习 将下列句子变成被动语态(A) 1.They produce silk in Suzhou. _____________________________. 2. We take good care of our textbooks. ____________________________. 3. Many young people don’t speak Russian. ______________________________. 4. Do you often make lanterns for the traditional Lantern Festival in China?______________. 5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.________________________________. 6. They didn’t choose me this term. _____________________________________. 7. I often hear him sing in his room. __________________________________. 8. The story made us laugh. ____________________________________. 9. We are going to build a school in the small village. ____________________________. 10. When will you held the match? _______________________________. 11. We should plant many trees on the mountains. ________________________________. 12. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. _________________________________. 13. Father gave me a toy at Christmas. ______________________________________.
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态
英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 二、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是： be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者) 三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。） （2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
（计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。） （3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
被动语态 授课人：授课时间： 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 判断：你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ We call the doctor. People don’t play football here. The truck was cleaned yesterday. Mr Chen teaches us English. The classroom was cleaned. 二、被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词+by sb（be+done) 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should... +be done
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、主动变被动的方法 口诀：主变宾，宾变主，By 句尾跟 Be 字变，Vpp跟后面 一、选择题（2×15=30分） 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
初中英语被动语态讲 解原版
初中英语被动语态讲解原版 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.[少儿英语口语的提高，如果方法对还是很快的，最好的方法就是让他沉浸在一 个英语的环境中，现在最多人用的类似UIABC 这样的外教一对一教学平台，在一对一的教学中 建立一个纯正的说英语环境，15元/节的价格，也是还算比较经济的。] 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为 被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。
被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被 动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种 特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义 一、语态结构比较 语态 时态主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时①am\is\are ②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\are+done(V. p.p) 一般将来时will\be going to\be(about)to+do(V.) will+be+done(V. p.p) 一般过去时①was\were ②did(V.-ed) was\were+done(V. p.p) 现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing) am\is\are+being+done(V. p.p) 过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing) was\were+being+done(V.p.p) 现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p.) have\has+been+done(V. p.p) 过去完成时had+done(V. p.p.) had+been+done(V. p.p.) 情态动词情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.) 过去将来时would/should +V. would/should be +done(V. p.p.) 二、变被动句步骤 1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 主动语态变为被动语态例句： 一般现在时：主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us. 一般过去时：主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children by him. 一般将来时：主：Everyone will know the truth soon . 被：The truth will be known by everyone. 现在进行时：主：Mary is making a doll. 被：A doll is being made by Mary.
被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。 以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3）am/is /are being done现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．4）was/were done一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
初中被动语态详细讲 解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。