商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁
埃拉·兹温格尔
1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, "glob alization."It's an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics, business, h ealth, entertainment. "Modern industry has established the world market. All old-establi shed national industries are dislodged by new industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants we f ind new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes. " Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote this 150 years ago in The Communist Manif esto. Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life.
今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化巨变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。对于政治、商贸、保健及娱乐领域的巨大变化，这个词并不贴切。“现代工业已建立了世界市场。已建立的所有旧的国民工业被其产品不仅在国内而且在世界各地范围内销售的新兴工业所取代。人们用新的需求取代原有的需求，用外地的产品满足自己的需求。”卡尔.马克思和弗雷德里希·恩格斯早在150年前就在《共产党宣言》中写下了这些。他们那时的陈述描绘了现在生活中的普遍事实。
2. How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and ho w much money they have. Yet globalization, as one report stated, "is a reality, not a choice." Humans have been weaving commercial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. In the 19th century the postal service, newsp apers, transcontinental railroads, and great steam-powered ships wrought fundamental c hanges. Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied tighter and more intricate knots between individuals and the wider world. Now computers, the Internet, cellular phone s, cable TV, and cheaper jet transportation have accelerated and complicated these con nections.
对此人们有何感受很大程度上取决于他们的生活所在地和所拥有的金钱数。然而，正如某篇报道所述，全球化“是一种事实，而不是一种选择”。早在第一批骆驼商队冒险出外经商前至今，人们一直在编织着商贸和文化相互间的交往。在19世纪，邮政服务、报纸、横跨大陆的铁路及巨大的蒸汽轮船带来了根本变化。电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。
现在，计算机、互联网、移动电话、有线电视和相对便宜的喷气式飞机空运加速了这种联系并使这种联系更加复杂。
3.Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas m ove. And cultures change. The difference now is the speed and scope of these change s. It took television 13 years to acquire 50 million users; the Internet took only five.
然而，产生这种变化的动力是一致的：商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁。不同的是这些变化的速度和范围。电视机拥有5,000万用户用了13年时间，互联网只用了5年时间。
4. Not everyone is happy about this. Some Western social scientists and anthropo logists, and not a few foreign politicians, believe that a sort of cultural cloning will r esult from what they regard as the "cultural assault" of McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Disne y, Nike, MTV, and the English language itself—more than a fifth of all the people in
the world now speak English to some degree. Whatever their backgrounds or agenda s, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big "McWo rld.
对这种变化并不是人人满意。一些西方社会学家、人类学家和为数不少的外国政治家认为文化．克隆是他们所认为的麦当劳、可口可乐、迪斯尼、耐克和MTV“文化轰炸”的结果，也是英语语言本身的结果，因为现在全球多于五分之一人口都或多或少地讲英语。不管他们的背景和纲领如何, 这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响…往往等同于美国的影响...会把文化上的差异—一压平。就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。
5.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. In China, where xenopho bia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand, a recent book cal led China can say no became the best-seller by attacking what it considers the Chines e willingness to believe blindly in foreign things, advising Chinese travelers to not fly on a Boeing 777 and suggesting that Hollywood be burned,
反映公众情绪(或得到公众支持)的派别不断滋生以便利用持此观点的国民的焦虑
和不安。在闭关锁国和发展经济两种政策并存并争取其主控地位的中国，《中国可以说不》这本新书成为畅销书，这本书对中国人的盲目崇洋媚外心理进行了，批驳，建议中国游客不要乘坐波音777飞机，还建议烧掉进口的好莱坞大片。
6.There are many Westerners among the denouncers of Western cultural influence s, but James Watson, a Harvard anthropologist, isn't one of them. "The lives of Chine se villagers I know are infinitely better nowthan they were 30 years ago," he says. " China has become more open partly because of the demands of ordinary people. They want to become part of the world—I would say globalism is the major force for de mocracy in China. People want refrigerators, stereos, CD players. I feel it's a moral o bligation not to say: ?Those people out there should continue to live in a museum w hile we will have showers that work.'"
对西方文化影响持斥责态度的人中有许多西方人．而哈佛人类学家詹姆斯·沃森并不是其中一员。他说：“我知道现在中国农村人的生活比30年前的好多了。中国越来越开放，部分原因是出于中国老百姓的要求。他们想成为世界的一部分---我要说全球观念在中国是民主的重要动力。人们需要冰箱、音响和CD机。?远在中国的那些人应该继续过着落后的生活，而我们却可以使用淋浴器，过着舒适的现代生活?。我认为不说这种话是一种道义。”
7.Westernization, I discovered over months of study and travel, is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. Critics o f Western culture blast Coke and Hollywood but not organ transplants and computers. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Yet they make no mention of some less salubrious aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles, which, even as they are being eagerlyadop ted in the developing world, are having disastrous effects. Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.
经过几个多月的研究和旅行，我发现西方化是一种内部充满矛盾的现象，在特别怪异之人中占有一席之地。西方文化批评家斥责可乐和好莱坞，却不斥责器官移植和计算机。西方文化支持者指出继续努力保护环境，但他们不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，
譬如香烟和汽车，就在发展中国家急切地接纳这些东西时，它们已带来很坏的后果。显然，西方化既不会直达地狱，也不会直通天堂。
8.But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictabl
e as the people who compose them. In Los Angeles, the ostensible fountainhead o
f w orld cultural degradation, I saw more diversity than I could ever have supposed—at H ollywood High School the student body represents 32 different languages. In Shanghai I found that the television show Sesame Street has been redesigned by Chinese educ ators to teach Chinese values and traditions. "We borrowed an American box," one tol d me, "and put Chinese content into it." In India, where there are more than 400 lan guages and several very strict religions, McDonald's serves mutton instead of beef and offers a vegetarian menu acceptable to even the most orthodox Hindu.
不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。在洛杉矶，世界文化堕落明显的源头，我看到的差异要比我想像的多——在好莱坞高中学生说32种完全不同的语言。在上海，我发现“芝麻街”这一电视节目已被中国教育家重新改组，用以传授中国人的价值观和传统习惯。一位教育家对我说：“我们借用美国盒子，装进去的是中国内容。”在有400多种语言和几种纪律严明的宗教的印度，麦当劳供应的是羊肉汉堡而不是牛肉汉堡，还为那些最正统的印度人提供素食菜谱。
9.The critical mass of teenagers—800 million in the world, the most there have ever been—with time and money to spend is one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures. Kids travel, they hang out, and above all they buy stuffm. I'm sorry to say I failed to discover who was the first teenager to put his baseball cap on bac kward. Or the first one to copy him. But I do know that rap music, which sprang fr om the inner-city ghettos, began making big money only when rebellious white teenag ers started buying it. But how can anyone predict what kids are going to want? Com panies urgently need to know, so consultants have sprung up to forecast trends. They'r e called "cool hunters," and Amanda Freeman took me in hand one morning to explai n how it works.
许多既有时间又有钱的青少年---全世界共有8亿---是融合全球文化的关键及主要力量之一。孩子们爱旅行、闲逛，重要的是他们买东西。很遗憾我没能发现哪个青少年第一个倒戴垒球帽，哪个青少年第一个模仿他，但是我确实知道最先出现在市内黑人区的说唱乐就是在有叛逆精神的白人青少年开始买票观看时才开始赚大钱的。然而，人们又会如何预测孩子们需要什么呢?许多公司迫切想要了解孩子们的需要，因此出现了顾问，他们预测将来的趋势，被称之为“猎酷者”。阿曼达·弗里德曼一天上午向我讲述了其中的奥秘。
10.Amanda, who is 22, works for a New York-based company called Youth Intel ligence and has come to Los Angeles to conduct one of three annual surveys, whose results go to such clients as Sprint and MTV. She has shoulder-length brown hair and is wearing a knee-length brocade skirt and simple
black wrap top. Amanda looks very cool to me, but she says no. "The funny thi ng about my work is that you don't have to be cool to do it," she says. "You just h ave to have the eye."
阿曼达22岁，在其基地设在纽约的一家叫作“青年情报”的公司工作，她到洛杉矶进行调查，调查的结果要通报给公司很多重要的客户。她留着披肩的棕发，穿着一条长
及膝盖的织锦短裙。在我看来，阿曼达打扮得很酷，但她自己并不这样认为。她说：“我的工作有趣之处就在于做此工作你不必扮酷，你得有眼光。”
11.We go to a smallish ?50s-style diner in Los Feliz, a slightly seedy pocket eas t of Hollywood that has just become trendy. Then we wander through a few of the t hrift shops. "If it's not going to be affordable," Amanda remarks, "it's never going to catch on."
．我们去了一家小一点的、50年代式样的餐馆，这家餐馆位于好莱坞东面一个比较破落的区域，这个区域刚刚成为时尚聚集点。然后我们去逛了几家旧货店。阿曼达说：“如果人们买不起，那它就不会流行起来。”
12.What trends does she see forming now? " the home is becoming more of a s ocial place again. And travel's huge right now—you go to a place and bring stuff bac k."
现在她看到将要形成的流行趋势了吗?“家正在成为一个社交的地方，眼下旅行正热——人们到某地去，买回来许多东西。”
13."It's really hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to come up with new stuff is to mix things that already exist. Fusion is going to be the huge term th at everybody's going to use," she concludes.
"There's going to be more blending, like Spanish music and punk—things that ar e so unrelated."
她最后说：“现今创新极为困难，因此最容易的办法就是把现存的东西捏在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。融合将会成为人人都要使用的大词，将来会有越来越多的毫不相关的东西融合在一起，如西班牙乐和蓬克乐。”
14.Los Angeles is fusion central, where cultures mix and morph. Take Tom Slop er and mah-jongg. Tom is a computer geek who is also a mah-jongg fanatic. This bei ng America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result. He has designed a software program, Shanghai: Dynasty, that enables you to play mah-jo ngg on the Internet. This ancient Chinese game involves both strategy and luck, and i t is still played all over Asia in small rooms that are full of smoke and the ceaseless click of the chunky plastic tiles and the fierce concentration of the players. It is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments o n Manhattan's Upper West Side. But Tom, 50, was playing it at his desk in Los Ang eles one evening in the silence of a nearly empty office building.
洛杉矶是融合中心，各种文化在这里交汇并有所改变。以汤姆·斯洛珀和麻将为例：汤姆是个计算机怪才，同时还是个麻将迷。由于这是美国，所以他找到了把这两种爱好结合在一起的方式并把自己的成果出售。他设计了一个人们可以在互联网上玩麻将的软件程序，这个程序叫做“上海：帝国”。玩这种老式中国麻将既需要技巧又需要运气。亚洲人仍然在小屋子里玩麻将，屋子里弥漫着烟雾，到处都能听到麻将牌相互撞击所发出的不绝于耳的喀哒声。玩家们精神高度集中。居住在比弗利山(美国加利福尼亚州西南部城市，好莱坞影星集居地)和曼哈顿上西城公寓里的有钱女人们也在俱乐部里玩麻将。然而，一天晚上，在洛杉矶，50岁的汤姆一个人坐在办公桌旁，在寂静、空旷的办公大楼里玩麻将。
15.Actually, he only appeared to be alone. His glowing computer screen showed
a game already in progress with several habitual partners: "Blue Whale," a man from
Germany,; Russ, from Ohio; Freddyboy, a Chinese-American who lives in Edina, Min nesota. Tom played effortlessly as we talked.
事实上，他只是看上去是一个人。他那亮着的计算机屏幕表明麻将已经玩起来了，其他几个参与者都是老牌友。他们是德国人“蓝鲸”、俄亥俄州的拉斯和住在明尼苏达州的美籍华人弗雷迪。我们一边谈着话，汤姆一边毫不费力地在玩麻将。
16."I've learned about 11 different styles of mah-jongg," he told me with that det ached friendliness of those whose true connection is with machines. "There are a cou ple of different ways of playing it in America. We usually play Chinese mah-jongg."
汤姆对我的态度很友好，但那是那种超然的友好，他的兴趣在连线的计算机上。他对我说：“我已掌握了11种麻将的玩法。在美国有几种不同麻将的玩法。我们常打中国式麻将。”
17.I watched the little tiles, like cards, bounce around the screen. As Tom playe d, he and his partners conversed by typing short comments to each other.
我看着小小麻将牌像纸牌一样在屏幕上弹来弹去。汤姆边玩边打字，和牌友简短交流牌局情况。
18.Does he ever play with real people? “Oh yeah,” Tom replied. “ Once a week at the office in the evening, and Thursday at lunch.” A new name appeared on the screen. “There?s Fred?s mother. Can?t be, they? re in Vegas. Oh, it must be his siste r. TJ?s online too, she?s the one from Wales-a real night owl. She?s getting married soon, and she lived
with her fiance, and sometimes he gets up and says ? Get off that damn comput er!?”
他和真人打过麻将吗?他回答说：“打过。一周一次，晚上在办公室，周四中午。”这时，屏幕上出现一个新名字。“是弗雷迪的母亲。不可能是，他们在维加斯。噢!一定是他姐姐。TJ也在线，她是威尔士人，一个真正的夜猫子。她快结婚了，现在与她未婚夫一起生活。有时她未婚夫起床对她说：?离开那讨厌的电脑!?”
19.Tom played on into the night. At least it was night where I was. He , an am erican playing a Chinese game with people in Germany, Wales, Ohio, and Minnesota, was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. It is a realm populated by individuals he?s never met who may be more real to him than the people who li ve next door.
汤姆继续玩，一直到深夜。至少我所在的地方是深夜。他--- 一个美国人，和德国人、威尔士人、俄亥俄人还有明尼苏达人一起玩中国游戏，他在网络世界活动，这种活动超越时区。这是他从未谋面的那些人的王国，对他来说，那些人要远比他的左邻右舍更真实。
20.If it seems that life in the West has become a fast-forward blur, consider Chi na. In just 20 years, since market forces were unleashed by economic reforms begun in 1978, life for many urban Chinese has changed
drastically. A recent survey of 12 major cities showed that 97 percent of the res pondents had televisions, and 88 percent had refrigerators and washing machines. Anot her study revealed that farmers are eating 48 percent more meat each year and 400 p ercent more fruit. Cosmopolitan magazine, plunging necklines and all, is read by 260, 000 Chinese women every month.
Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征，这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如，我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事，一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室，面带笑容，声音激动。年轻人宣布：“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的，而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期，同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来，深深地叹了口气，宣布说：“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架，两人的关系不再看好。因而，大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时，这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上，成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人，他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节，如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处，如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子，当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后，我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到，当我的世界不断扩展，新的机遇不断出现时，我的父亲，一个年过花甲之人，正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小，选择在变少。在家的那些日子里，我和父亲几次谈心，共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲，并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始，就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样，教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而，当他们到了青春期，这些问题却遭到了质疑，在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年，他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末，一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的
第一课 大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案（1u）(2010-07-20 13:49:10) 标签：答案教育分类：大学英语 V ocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the spring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In
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2014101018 第五单元 Translation of Text A 夜莺与玫瑰 1 “她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞。”年轻的学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰。” 2 这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中的夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异。 3 “在我的花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽的大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我的生活瞬时暗淡！” 4 “终于有一位重感情的人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了。” 5 “王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻的学生喃喃道：“我的爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮。我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我的肩头。但在我的花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比。” 6 “他确实是一个重感情的人，”夜莺说。真爱是美好的，它价胜千金。 7 “乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻的学生道，“我的爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞。她的身姿是如此的轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般。但他是不会和我一起跳的，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她。”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来。 8 “他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色的蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道。 9 “是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶问道。 10 “到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉的声音对他的邻居说道. 11 “他为一只红玫瑰哭泣。”夜莺说。 12 “为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗的小蜥蜴肆无忌惮的笑道。但是夜莺了解男孩的悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上。 13 突然她张开自己棕色的双翼，向空中飞去。她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园。 14 在草地的中心一棵美丽的红玫瑰树傲然屹立。她看到后立即向它飞去：“给
Page 39 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident. Sth. seems (to be) + adj.(表) + to sb. 2.We looked around. There wasn't a building standing in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything. Sth. /sb. +（seem + to do）复合谓语3.He seems to be in low spirits these days. Sth./Sb. + seem to be + 表语 wonder why. I think it's because he doesn't seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates. Sb. + seem to do sth There seems to be 4.What are you looking for, Dick? I seem to have lost my key. How annoying! 5.If you find that a word doesn't seem to
make any sense in the sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary. That's the only way to learn to use a word. 6.They went on arguing for hours. Neither of them seem (to be) willing to listen to each other. I suddenly remembered someone saying "Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance." 7.The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promised to look into it. 8.My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him. 9.Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end. W orld economy is looking up. 10.When I got well I looked at my bank account. To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero. All my savings in
2014101018 第六单元 Translation of Text A 青香蕉 1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。“这容易解决，”一个人说到。他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。“青香蕉。”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。 2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。” 3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。他点头说：“绝对是中心。这儿的人都知道。” 4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。我告诉他，他们指给我看了。“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。一直以来这儿的人都知道。” 5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。但突然在那条山路上，当我需要它时，它正巧出现了。可是仔细想一想，其实青香蕉一直在那儿存在着。时间可以追溯到香蕉的最初的起源。那个村子里的人都知道它已经很多年了，我现在也因此认识它了。我开始珍视村民们的聪明才智和青香蕉的特殊潜能。曾有一段时间，我一直困惑于教育家们提出的“领悟的瞬间”，而现在我知道自己刚刚同时经历了两个这样的瞬间。 6我又用了一些时间来领会村民们认为那块标志着世界中心的岩石的重要性。开始时我怀疑他们的说法，因为我知道实际上世界的中心是位于新英格兰的某个
Unit 1 1.adolescence .青春期 2.adolescent .青少年时期 3.adulthood.成年 4.affection .喜爱 5.affirm. 断言 6.agenda.日程表 7.Approval .同意，批准 8.attitudinal .态度的 9.counsel .建议 10.crisis . 危机 11.encyclopedia .百科全书 12.endeavor.尝试 13.endowment.天赋 14.ethical.道德的 15.evaluate.估算，评估 16.excessive.过分的，极度的 17.feminine .女性的 18.functional .职务的 19.genetic 基因的 20.heighten . 提高 21.inherit遗传，继承 22.inhibition压抑的情绪 23.interaction合作 24.internalize内化 25.masculine 男性的 26.newscast 新闻广播 27.option 选择 28.peer 同龄人 29.perceive理解 30.prejudiced 偏见 31.rebel抗议 32.resentment 怨恨 33.seminary学院的 34.theological神学的 35.wardrobe衣橱 Unit 2 36..abate 减弱 37..akimbo两手叉腰 38..barrel桶 39..bookworm极爱读书的人 40..careerism追求个人事业成功 41..clan家族 42..coax 哄骗https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17847482.html,prise 组成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17847482.html,pulsion 冲动 45..convent女修道院 46..corollary 推论 47..couched 表达 48..courser骏马 49..crayfish小龙虾 50..curled卷曲的 51..discontented不满足的 52..dishearten 让人失去希望 53..dogged顽强的 54..domino---多米诺骨牌 55..equivalent等效 56..ethos精神 57..exclusivity---排他性，排外性 58..flatten使平整 59..frigate- 护航舰 60..gable---三角墙 61..guillotine- 断头台 62..hale--健壮的 63..installment- 一期 64..interior--内部的 65..inveterate- 积习难改的，成瘾的 66..invincible 太壮而无法击败 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17847482.html,tter-下半年 68..literacy-有文化的 69..literati-识字的 70..lure 诱惑力 71..mockingbird--知更鸟 72..ottoman- 奥斯曼帝国 73..parallel平行的，同时的 74..perplexed- 迷惑的 75..plummet--暴跌 76..portray-- 描绘，勾画 77..prance-欢腾 78..prize-对---很重要 79..pundit-某一学科的权威，专家 80..safari-野外狩猎 81..Saint--圣徒，圣人 82..sanction-批准 83..seduce 诱使 84..sling-挂在 85..snobbery- 势力 86..solace安慰
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？ 约翰·切阿迪 1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。 4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。假 设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。它们会给你带来收入；但愿你的收入总能够用。” 6.“但完成一天的工作后，剩下的8小时你做什么呢？比如说你可以回家，和你的家 人待在一起。你所供养的是一个什么样的家庭呢？孩子们在家里能接触到一点还算是精辟的思想吗？你主持的家庭中有民主气息吗？家里有书吗？有那种一般敏感的人看了不会发怵的画吗？孩子们会听到巴赫的音乐吗？” 7.这差不多就是我所说的，但这个讨厌鬼不感兴趣。“看，”他说，“你们教授用你 们的方法培养孩子；我会以我自己的方式抚养我自己的孩子。我呀，我会尽一切努力挣钱的。” 8.“我希望你能赚很多，”我告诉他，“因为你在开支票的余暇会愁没事干的。” 9.14年后的今天，我仍然在教书，在此我要告诉你们，大学的职责并不只是在于培训 你，它还要使你接触人类思想的精髓。如果你没时间看莎士比亚的作品，没时间看哲学入门，没时间欣赏艺术的存续，也没时间学习我们称之为历史的人类发展的课
Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon
-* 第一课 大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案（1u）(2010-07-20 13:49:10)转载 标签：答案教育分类：大学英语 V ocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the spring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In
现代大学英语精读教案 Revised final draft November 26, 2020
U n i t1H a l f a d a y 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要着作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构 3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。 ⅠAbout the author ★ Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）
现代大学英语精读第3册教案 CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching: UNIT 1 Your College Years Period of the teaching: 10 classes Objectives: 1. To expand basic vocabulary and expressions 2. To appreciate the theme of the text 3. To know about some background information about Eric H Erickson‘s Developmental Stages. 4. To review the grammatical knowledge about the conjunction while and to learn to use parallelism. Key points: 1. Language study and expressions 2. Background information 3. Word Building: de-, pro-, -ject, -volve, -ogy. 4. Paraphrases of difficult sentences Difficult points: 1. ways of expressing the object 2. Writing devices: antithesis 3. The corresponding information about the text Methods of teaching: 1. Interactive teaching method 2. Communicative Teaching method 1
大学英语精读第五册 Unit 2 Translation Chinese to English 1.我认为向他求助是不现实的。事实上，他自己也需要帮助。 I don’t think it is realistic to turn to him for help．As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help． 2.越来越多的人正在意识到与空气污染作斗争的迫切需要。 More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution. 3.有明显的迹象表明一些古老的传统和价值观念采不再被年轻人珍视。 There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people. 4．我们许多人觉得宇宙无限这一概念难以理解。 Many of us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp． 5. 因为法律和规章中有许多漏洞(loophole)，一小撮投机倒把者一夜之间暴富就没 有什么奇怪了。 There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight． 6. 旅游事业的空前兴旺使这个从前只住有三百人的边境小镇突然繁荣起来。 An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people. 7．根据这一信息，该国已经具有制造核武器的能力。 In the light of the information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons. 8.他不顾朋友的反复警告，把所有的钱都投向了高风险企业。 Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends，he staked all his money on high-risk ventures. 大学英语精读第五册 Unit 4 TRANSLATION Chinese to English 1. 有人说对于不公正的批评的最好反映是原谅和忘却（不念旧恶）。 Somebody says that the best response to unfair criticies is to forgive and forget. 2. 天哪，你为什么不给我打电话？ For God’s sake, why didn’t you call you? 3．绝望之中，我一脚把门踢开，结果发现他躺在床上，已经昏迷不醒。 I kicked the door open with desperation, and found him lying in the bed unconciously. 4．那机修工气愤地把工具扔到一边，再也不肯干了。
Book 4-Unit 5 Text A The Telephone Anwar F. Accawi 1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced, rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendar or a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew what to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had need of then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew up and married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox. We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what year it was, or even the time of day. 2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the important events in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine — calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine for us. 3.Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest woman in Magdaluna and all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta Im Khalil?" 4.Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta was born shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house to cave in." 5."And when was that?" I asked. 6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the east room." 7.Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, could you? 8.And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar. 9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Many others followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was, for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that opened at one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard, marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearing was always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and their mothers —sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. The children ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the women talked, shooed flies, and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking water to bring home to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to wait from sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious, cool water.