试论西安旅游翻译
【摘要】西安旅游景点解说词和公示语中存在大量不规范，不正确的英语翻译，对西安的旅游形象造成了一些负面影响。旅游资料的功能是通过对景点的介绍、宣传来扩展人们的知识，激发人们旅游参观的兴趣。因此，旅游翻译的最终目的就是通过传递信息来吸引旅游者。本文就西安旅游景点汉英翻译的现状做了列举和分析，并提出相应的对策。
【关键词】旅游景点汉英翻译策略
西安是十三朝古都，也是一座文化名城。祖先为我们留下了不可胜数的文化遗迹，更有着令人叹为观止的风景名胜。这些都吸引着大批的中外游客前来观光游览，感受西安浓厚的文化底蕴。然而，西安旅游景点解说词和公示语中存在大量不规范，不正确的英语翻译，不但没有使名胜古迹的文化内涵得到真正的传递，反而使游客产生疑惑，误解甚至反感情绪，对西安的旅游形象造成了一些负面影响。由于旅游资料的功能是通过对景点的介绍、宣传来扩展人们的知识，激发人们旅游参观的兴趣。因此，旅游翻译的最终目的就是通过传递信息来吸引旅游者。本文就西安旅游景点汉英翻译的现状做了列举和分析，并提出相应的对策。
一、旅游景点汉英翻译现状
为了获取旅游景点汉英翻译的资料，笔者对西安多个主要景区和周边一些小景点进行了走访和调查，结果发现无论是5a级国家重
点旅游景区还是4a级的重点旅游景区，不规范、不标准的英文标识在每个景区都不同程度地存在。通过整理、归纳和分析大量语料，发现问题比较严重的公示语英译错误主要表现在以下几个方面：1.滥用音译；景点名称不统一
我们知道,音译是中国人与外国人在地名上的一种认同,因而在景点名称翻译上应用很多。然而,在这方面我们却犯了很多错误。比如在宣传单页中,有些地名的译法音译很不统一。例如: “华山”有的译为huashan mountain,也有的译为“hua mountain”。一般情况下，为了照顾韵节和外国人的习惯读法,将通名音译后再意译,如“华山”,正确译法是第一种:huashan mountain。这是地名采用音译的例子。
又如，西安著名的5a景区大雁塔竟然也有几种不同的英文翻译或写法，雁塔路赛格电脑城附近交通指示牌上“大雁塔”英文名称是：dayanta pagoda，而在大雁塔北广场外小寨东路上交通指示牌上，“大雁塔南广场”的英文名称则成了：south square of the giant wild goose pagoda。“大雁塔广场管理处”的英文翻译是：big wild-goose pagoda square management department。
2. 拼写错误多，容易引起歧义
如果说大的景区只是有一些小的不规范，那些小景点所犯的错误就不甚枚举了。其中，拼写错误引发的歧义是不容忽视的。如：“不要在公众场合吸烟”译为“no smoke in pulic”。此处先不
讨论语法是否正确，“public”拼写错误就会让人摸不清头脑。
在西安宣传延安枣园的“枣园革命旧址示意图”印成了“sretch map of residence in date garde”，“sretch”应为“sketch”，“garde”应为“garden”。
“革命圣地延安”被翻译成了“scared land of yan’an ”。其中“scared”应为“sacred”
3. 语法错误普遍
各种语法错误普遍出现。如形式错误；时态语态错误；主谓不一致；形容词、副词误用等等比比皆是。
“老人、儿童上扶梯时需有家人陪同”译为：when old man’s child go up hand ladder temporary need the family to accompany. “景区是我家，文明靠大家”译为：area is my home, we rely on health.
“进入景区，严禁一切明火”译为：scenic areas is prohibited to enter all the pyrotechnics.
4.误译乱译频现
翻译是文化交流的过程，如果译者忽视了这一点，就会导致翻译作品中文化信息的丢失、扭曲或误解。在公示语中使用一些成语会凸显文化色彩，但是想在翻译中准确传递这些信息，难度不小。因此就会出现一些令人啼笑皆非的乱译，让外国游客不知所云。如：“老年人休息区”翻译为“old year people rest area”，完全
就是“老”、“年”、“人”、“休息”、“区”几个单词拼在一起的。把“残疾人电梯”译为“disabled person elevator ”，正确的应该是“elevator for the dis-abled”。此两例就是完全按照汉语的表达方式字对字翻译的。
又如：“芳草萋萋，踏之何忍”被译为：“fangcaoqiqi, riding the heren.”
在这一短句中，译者使用了拼音夹杂着英文的翻译方式。因此，景区（景点）的汉英翻译现状值得我们去探讨，去规范。
二、旅游景点汉英翻译规范及翻译策略
鉴于西安市乃至陕西省旅游景点汉英翻译的乱象，陕西省质量技术监督局于2011年1月24日正式发布了陕西省《公共场所公示语英文译写规范》，其中第3部分就是关于“旅游”。该标准列出了15项翻译方法和原则，对景点名称结构的细化与翻译做了规范。至此，我们再也不会看到“小心地滑”被译为“carefully slide”之类。同时，在景点解说词方面，要本着以传播中国历史文化为取向，以实现译文预期功能为重点的原则进行翻译。在翻译实践中,译者可根据实际需要，运用释义、增补、删减、改译等对译文进行调整。
1.释义由于历史文化原因，西安的多数景点有着悠久的历史，经历了多个朝代的变迁，因此在翻译的过程中需要进行简单地解释说明，以便是外国游客更好的了解景区的发展变迁，形成特点，从而更好的了解西安甚至中国的文化。
2.增补增补法是对资料中有关词语增译补充相关的背景知识，以便于不熟悉中国文化背景的外国读者了解与此有关的情况。在译人名时，可补充有关人物的身份、在历史上的地位或功绩等。因此，增补法不仅可以补充必要信息，还可以使译文更加生动。
3.删减中国中国文化博大精深，在旅游景区（点）解说词中会旁征博引，引经据典以引起游客的兴趣，同时展示景区的历史厚重感和文化底蕴。而这些都给翻译带来了难题，那么我们不妨对一些修饰性的辞藻略加删减，既免去翻译不到位适得其反，也使英文翻译直接简练，容易被国外游客接受。
4.改译改译是旅游翻译常用的方法，是根据特定要求改变原作形式或部分内容甚至原作风格的一种变译活动。在翻译过程中，译者通过对语言的重新表述合理变通，使译文便于理解和接受。汉英语言结构的差异也要求在适当的时候改变句子结构以达到最好的效果。
三、结语
毋庸质疑,旅游实际上是一种非常典型的跨文化交际活动。旅游英语的翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换,更是一种文化模式的转化。文化的成分又需要从读者的理解和接受角度考虑，因此，在翻译过程中要在忠实原则的基础上，力求译文符合译入语表达习惯,同时加强对文化因素和中西文化差异的考虑，从而更好地对外宣传旅游景点，弘扬中国历史文化。
参考文献
［1］《西安文物圣迹》.长安美术出版社.1959.
［2］姚宝荣,梁根顺,李瑞林.《西安导游必备》.陕西旅游出版社.1994
［3］方梦之. 译学辞典［z］.上海.上海外语教育出版社.2004 ［4］朱志瑜.类型与策略:功能主义的翻译类型学［j］.中国翻译,2004,25(5):3-9.
Points for Attention 1. Household register has legal effectiveness to certify a resident’s identity and relations between family members. It is the main basis for household registration authority to make survey and check the census register. The head of the household and the family members should hand out the household register on their own initiative when Staff members of the authority make survey and check. 2. The head of the household should keep the register properly. It is forbidden to alter privately, to transfer and to borrow or lend. If the register is lost, please let household registration authority know immediately. 3. The right of the household registration belongs to household registration authority. Any other unit or individual mustn’t make record on the register. 4. In case of the increase or decrease of the family members, the register should be handed to household registration authority for registration. 5. If the whole family moves from the jurisdictional area, the register should be handed to household registration authority for cancellation.
西安及周边着名景点英语简介 西安几大着名旅游景点介绍（英文） 大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang 鼓楼The Drum Tower 钟楼The Bell Tower 西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation 华清池The Huaqing Pond 法门寺The Famen Temple 黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty 大雁塔Xi'an: Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayanta) The Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayan Ta),is a Buddhistpagoda built in 652 AD during the Tang Dynasty and originally had five original construction of rammed earth with a stone exterior facade eventually collapsed five decades later but was rebuilt by Empress Wu Zetian in 704AD who added five more stories. A massive earthquake in 1556 heavily damaged the pagoda and reduced it by three stories to its current height of seven stories One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the Buddha that were brought to China from Indiaby Xuanzang, a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and is a prominent Buddhist figure mostly known for his seventeen year overland trip to India and back, which is recorded in detail in his autobiography and a biography, and which provided the inspiration for the epic novel “Journey to the West”. The pagoda is built on the premises of the Temple of Great Maternal Grace (Da Ci'en), originally built in 589 AD and then rebuilt 647 AD by the Tang Emperor Gaozong in memory of his mother EmpressWende. Before the gates of the temple stands a statue of Xuanzang. 大雁塔北广场North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area. In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex. The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths. There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views. With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long (656-foot-long) sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose 秦始皇兵马俑The Museum of Qin Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses One of the most significant archaeological finds in the world, this 16,300-square-meter excavation reveals more than 7,000 life-size terracotta figures of warriors and horses arranged in battle formations. (3 pits) The terracotta warriors and horses, created about 2,200 years ago, were found in 1974 on the east side of the tomb of the First Emperor Qin Shihuang (259 BC - 210 BC) near Xi'an. Emperor Qin Shihuang had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. In 221 ., when he unified the whole country, named himself Shihuang Di and carried on the
大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆 Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang 黄帝陵The Huangdi Tomb 鼓楼 The Drum Tower 钟楼The Bell Tower 西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation 华清池The Huaqing Pond 乾陵 The Qian Tomb 法门寺The Famen Temple 黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty Terra-cotta warriors -- Qin Dynasty 秦始皇兵马俑 The Silk Road 丝绸之路 Big and Little Goose Pagodas 大小雁塔 Shaanxi is one of civilized important , all together China headstream, as far back as having
Lantian Man to grow work here right away in the front for 1000000 years, starting from the 11th century B.C., successively have 13 in history dynasty found a capital here. Shaanxi Province field of being that our country cultural relics and historic sites gathers together , name of having "the natural history museum ": Acient Chang An county City historical remains, are known as eighth Shaanxi not only cultural relics and historic sites is a lot of , but also natural scene is beautiful: Have precipitous West Hua Mountain and Lin Tong Mt. black horse intelligent and elegant; Huanghe River kettle mouth waterfall having rapids to surge; Still have the organism's habits tourist area giving first place to protecting a giant panda waiting for a rare animal. Not only northern Shaanxi highland be Chinese revolution base area , but also be Shaanxi folk custom local manners and feelings headstream: Shaanxi opera loud and sonorous , vehement gong and drum , consummate paper-cut and extremely rich life breath peasant painting etc. , the sight having
西安旅游景点英文介绍(带图片) 大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda 鼓楼The Drum Tower 钟楼The Bell Tower 西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang ’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang 黄帝陵The Huangdi Tomb 华清池The Huaqing Pond 乾陵The Qian Tomb 法门寺The Famen Temple 黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall 1. Xi'an city wall 西安城墙景区 地址：西安市南门里 Xi'an city wall is located in the center of the city---- Total perimeter 11.9 kilometers. The existing walls were built during the seven years to eleven years (1374 hongwu--- 1378 hongwu) , it’s the oldest shape in the world, the most spectacular and best-preserved ancient buildings. Ticket: 40 yuan Card discount: Open-times free admission tours, excluding Mid-Autumn Festival, Oct.1st holiday, Chinese New Year Lantern Festival Phone :029 -84057153, 87235239 By car: take the city bus to arrive at the South Gate , North Gate, West Gate, or East Gate bus stop 大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty
PROPERTY OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATE Supervised and made by Guangdong Provincial Department of Construction (2008 Edition) Registration number: 44001 (2012.10.22) In accordance with the Property Laws of the People's Republic of China, the House Property Right Certificate is the proof of the obligee's ownership of the house. Registration Authority:(Guangzhou Land and Resource & Housing Management Bureau) Registration number of Property ownership certificate: No. 99999999 Property Owner: Zhang San Citizen ID number: 100300198001012021 Housing Property: (blank) Usage: Residence The source of house-use right: purchased State of mutual ownership (use) of real estate: Single Ownership All Registration number of house: 1234567890 Registration Date: Aug.31,2010 State of the house: Site of the house: Area 1-101, XXXXX Road, XXXX, XXXX, Guangzhou Architecture: Armored concrete Floors: 1 Building area (Square meters): *189.01 Room building area (Square meters): *173.88 State of the land: Land number: 123401-19 State of land: state-owned Area of public use (Square meters): *1927.86 Area of own use (Square meters): (blank) The source of land-use right: assignment Duration of land use: 70 years since Nov. 7,2001 Remarks Taxation Amount: 99999.99 Purchase from: Guangzhou XXXX Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. Purchase Price: 9999999.99 Commercial residential building No. 99999 Issuing authority: (Guangzhou Land and Resource & Housing Management Bureau)
西安几大著名旅游景点介绍（英文） 大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆 Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang 鼓楼 The Drum Tower 钟楼The Bell Tower 西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation 华清池The Huaqing Pond 法门寺The Famen Temple 黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty Xi'an: Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayanta) The Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayan Ta),is a Buddhistpagoda built in 652 AD during the Tang Dynasty and originally had five stories.The original construction of rammed earth with a stone exterior facade eventually collapsed five decades later but was rebuilt by Empress Wu Zetian in 704AD who added five more stories. A massive earthquake in 1556 heavily damaged the pagoda and reduced it by three stories to its current height of seven stories One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the Buddha that were brought to China from Indiaby Xuanzang, a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator.Xuanzang is a prominent Buddhist figure mostly known for his seventeen year overland trip to India and back, which is recorded in detail in his autobiography and a biography, and which provided the inspiration for the epic novel “Journey to the West”.
中国著名旅游景点英文介绍 1. The Great wall The Great Wall, located in northern China, is 6,700 kilometers long and thus known as the “10,000-li Great Wall”. Construction of the wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from 7th century to 14th century AD. The wall has b ecome a symbol of both China’s proud history and its present strength. 2. The Palace Museum The Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. The imperial palace used by emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building in the world. Construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 and lasted 14 years. 24 emperors were enthroned there. 3. Zhoukoudian: Home of the Peking Man Remains of the Peking Man (homo erectus) are located on the Dragon Bone Hill at Zhoukoudian Village, Fangshan District, Beijing. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered the complete skull of Peking Man. Later, more skull bones as well as stone and bone instruments were unearthed. Peking Man lived 690,000 years ago,
Shaanxi is the most important Chinese civilization, the birthplace of one of the most concentrated, as early as 100 million years ago in Lam Tin live and work here, from the 11th century BC, one after another in the history of 13 dynasties established their capitals here. Shaanxi is China's cultural relics and cultures meet, there is a "natural History": a relic of the ancient city of Chang'an, known as the Eighth Wonder of the World's Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, the size of the grand spectacular 72 ... ... broad Mausoleum of Chinese civilization so distant Every one of the early Shaanxi consciously digging deep inside You think the tone. Shaanxi is not only the many cultural relics, natural scenery and beautiful: There are inspiring area of natural and dangerous Xiyue Huashan Lintong Lishan; there is surging white water of the Yellow River's Hukou waterfall; also for the protection of rare animals such as giant pandas-based eco-tourism area. Plateau in northern Shaanxi is China's only revolutionary base, but also in Shaanxi Province is the birthplace of customs: the resounding Shaanxi Opera, passionate percussion, exquisite paper-cut and very breath of life of farmers such as painting, and all of its heavy and unique culture at the end of rhyme The Loess style has attracted more and more attention. The full name of the Wild Goose Pagoda "En Wild Goose Pagoda Temple", located 4 kilometers away from Xi'an area of the Grace Temple, built in 652 AD, according to legend Grace Temple is the first abbot presided over the Master Xuan (Tang Sancang) from India after the return of the country, in order to Dedicated to storage and classical Sanskrit and Buddhist relics and other objects Duzao personally designed and built. Huaqing Pool is located in Xi'an Lintong district on the north side of Lishan, 30 km east of Xi'an. Huaqing Pool because of the emperor and Yang legend and reputation spread far and wide, in fact, the Huaqing Pool is a long history, legend, in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou You Wang Jian Li was in the palace; generations of the First Qin Emperor, Emperor also set up here Palace; more large-scale construction of the Tang Dynasty, in particular the emperor Tianbao years to build a more luxurious palace pavilion, and changed its name to the official "China Palace." Terracotta warriors and horses is the only imperial tombs from the mass grave, located on the eastern side of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum of about 1 kilometer and a half, was found in 1974, is the most important archaeological discoveries of. One pit was discovered when local farmers digging, drilling after another has found that two pit on the 3rd, one of which pits the largest, covering an area of 14,260 square meters. A total of three pits excavated more than 700 pieces of pottery figurine, by more than 100 tanks, more than 400 horses Ma Tao, more than 100,000 pieces of weapons. Pottery figurine at the height of 1 meter 75-1 m 85, according to dress, look, the style, can be divided into general figurines, warrior figurines, figurines, and other vehicles with disabilities. There are also excavated pit sword, spear, halberd, bronze weapons such as machetes, although buried in the soil in more than two thousand years, the blade is still sharp, sparkling, can be seen as a miracle in the history of metallurgy in the world. Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang large-scale, powerful scenes, with high artistic value. Clock Tower is located in Xi'an city of the North and the South East and West Main Street, four of the interchange. Ming Hongwu 17 years before, the site of the Xi'an Guangji in this corner, Wanli next 10 years to move the site of the Qing Emperor Qianlong had five-year renovation. Bronze bell hanging on the clock tower to time, the clock tower named. Drum Tower in Xi'an is
Household Register Under Supervision of the Ministry of Public Security of P. R. C. Points for Attention: I. Residence Booklet has legal effect to prove a citizen’s identity status and mutual relations among family members, and is the main basis for residence registration authority to investigate and confirm his/her registered permanent residence. In so doing, the household owner or members of this household shall, of his/her own free will, show the booklet. II. The household owner shall well keep the booklet, and is prohibited to modify, transfer or lend it. If loss arises, such shall be immediately reported to the residence registration authority. III. The registration right of the booklet belongs to residence registration authority, and any other organization or individual shall not make any record on it. IV. If the members are increased or decreased, or registration items change in this household, registration shall be declared to residence registration authority by holding the booklet. V. When the whole household moves out of residence jurisdictional area, the residence booklet shall be returned to residence registration authority for cancellation
云南旅游景点英文介绍 LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】
云南旅游景点英文介绍 本文介绍了云南景点：西双版纳(Xishuangbanna)以及香格里拉(Shingri-La)两个云南景 点，作文地带还在进一步完善当中，请关注… 云南旅游－香格里拉英文(英语)导游词（旅游景点介绍） In the year 1893, James Hilton described an eternally peaceful and quiet place among mountains in the East—— "Shangri-La" in one of his novels for the first time. In the novel "Lost Horizon", an English diplomat Conway and his brother Gorge scattered the English citizens and helped them leave the dangerous region. On their way home, their plane was hijacked and fell down into the mountain in the Tibetan region. Some lucky survivors were taken to Shangri-la where Conway found lots of fantastic things in such a state founded nearly 200 years ago, in which the local people lived up to more than one hundred years old and lived peacefully and harmoniously with the other people, animals and everything here. The place was called "Shangri-La" by the local folks. James Hilton located "Shangri-La" in a mysterious valley which was surrounded by snowcapped mountains; near where there were snow-clad peaks, blue lakes, broad grassy marshlands, and lamaseries, Buddhist nunneries, mosques, Catholic Church, the human beings and the nature were in perfect harmony, several religions and varies of nationalities exited at the same time; the temples looked splendid in green and golden; though people contacted the outer world by caravan for a long time, many foreign experts and scholars had come here t o investigate and remained much relics…… Obviously, that is not only a beautiful scenery, but also a kind of artistic conception. From Joozone_com. With the novel and the film coming out, Shangri-La became very famous in western countries. Later, a Chinese named Guo Huonian used the name of this place and set up "Shangri-La" Hotel Group which has become one of the most successful hotel group in the world. At the same time, people didn’t give up looking for the legendary Shangri-La. Up to the end of this century, they finally have found……。 After inspecting and proving on many aspects, people found that Diqing Prefecture, the only Tibetan region in Yunnan, China, has striking similarity with what’s described in the tale regarding either on natural scenery or people’s way of living. Therefore, the name of "Diqing Shangri-La" spreads worldwide. 云南景点介绍：Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna is the southernmost prefecture of Yunnan Province. The prefecture is nicknamed Aerial Garden for its luxuriant and multi-layered primitive woods and tropical 云南景点介绍：Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna is the southernmost prefecture of Yunnan Province. The prefecture is nicknamed " Aerial Garden " for its luxuriant and multi-layered primitive woods and tropical rain forests, which are teeming with animals and plants.