1. disaster
2. compelled
3. historical
4. disciplined
5. destruction
6. output
7. retreat
8. abandoned
9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. acceler ate 17. threaten
1. show signs of
2. called upon
3. off limits
4. in fear of
5. slow down
6. cut down
7. from head to f oot
8. come by
9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in
1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the en emy.
2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.
3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.
4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.
5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little re sponse from the citizens.
6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared f or floods.
7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people k now that an atom consists of even smaller particles.
8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours eve ry day watching the live matches on TV.
9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start busi ness on time.
10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.
Words in Action
1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) rough
2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average
6) when it comes to
7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at work
Translation
1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignor ant.
2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the govern ment’s plan to build a new library.
3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperatio n because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.
4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.
5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.
6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer o r not.
7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.
8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous
. 9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.
10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It make s no difference whether I go there or not.
Unit3
WORDS IN ACTION
1.1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise 5) vessel 6) qualify 7) stiff 8) collapsed
9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer
13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange
2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that
4) opens up 5) close off 6) look into
TRANSLATION
1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.
2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.
3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank rob bers.
4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the f irst year.
5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off w
orkers to be re-employed.
6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new m arkets and to improve its services. 7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a
month.
8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety reg ulations.
9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.
10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new t echnologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.
Unit4
1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted (5) classified (6) abolished (7) divi sion (8) senseless (9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned
(13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest
2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of (4) gone through (5) in the stri ct sense (6) At a guess
(7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into
translation
(1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.
(2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests. (3) I bought this shirt be cause the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan. (4) To bring her children up, the mother real ly went through all kinds of hardships. (5) The police have ruled
out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.
(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the prob lems of air pollution.
(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg . (8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the e lection and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.
(9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it fro m the library and read it.
(10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American at hlete.
Unit5
1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched (5) finance (6) reputation (7) libert y (8) publicity
(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate (13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored
(16) audiences
(17) regard (18) assure
2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life (4) dedicate himself to (5) was ti red of (6) turn away
(7) hang on (8) for the sake of
translation
(1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.
(2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.
(3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.
(4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse. (5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.
(6) To be frank, I dont think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to th
e company.
(7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earth quake.
(8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him. (9)The company＇s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so th
e board o
f directors decided to throw him out.
(10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour
Unit6
1、1）commonplace 2）enduring 3）dim 4）command 5）imperfection 6)intensive
7）abandon 8）finite 9）mean 10）weaving 11）additional 12）aspiration
13）gratitude 14）endless 15）faithful 16）committed
2、1）live on 2）dawned upon 3）live by 4）is invested with 5）hold fast to
6）All too 7）step aside 8）set out 9）to and fro 10）work out
1The ambassador to the U.N. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs con cerning his country on behalf of his government .
2All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the co nductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination .
3Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident , she kept walki ng to and fro , anxious to see him back home sooner .
4I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties in volved were Chinese companies .
5At the party , people sang and danced with abandon , totally forgetting the troubles in their lives . 6With the great aspirations to become an astronaut , Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenu ous constitution training 。
7His paintings ,drawing on timeless fairy stories ,exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period . 8The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board .
9He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room i n his own house for him to settle down .
10From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .
Unit1 textA|人在自然界|
1 亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
2人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，
社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。
3随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
4然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。
5目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。
6现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。
7久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？
8人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决
之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。 9但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生
物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！
Unit2 textA|技术与幸福|
1詹姆斯·萨洛维奇 20世纪的美国人、欧洲人和东亚人都享受到了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术进步带来的乐趣。譬如，在美国，从1950年到2000年国民生产总值翻了3倍。人们的寿命大幅度提高。二战后生产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。诸如乘飞机旅游和打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。
2那么，根据大多数标准衡量，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。不过，奇怪的是，如果你问美国人有多幸福，你会发现，他们并不比1946年时幸福（1946年正式开始对幸福状况进行调查）。事实上，那些说自己“非常幸福”的人所占的比例自20世纪70年代以来一直稳中有降——尽管20世纪40年代出生的人的收入在他们的工作生涯中平均增长了116％。你可以在大多数发达国家找到相似的数据。
3自工业革命开始以来，幸福与技术之间的关系一直是社会批评家和哲学家们长期研究的
课题，然而，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们的关注。经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗？”的著名论文。伊斯特林表明，就发达国家而言，一个国家的收入和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关系。伊斯特林认为，金钱买不到幸福，至少在（金钱）达
到了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林认为，尽管贫穷与苦难密不可分，但是，一个国家一旦达到稳定的中产阶级水平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多的幸福。
4这好像几乎是一种普遍现象。实际上，研究幸福的学者们最重要的观点之一是：人们对
好消息很快便习以为常。拿彩票中奖者为例。一项重要的研究表明，尽管买彩票中奖的人中奖时会感到非常非常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。一段时间之后，他们的心情和幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。
5人们对待技术的态度也是一样的：无论一种新事物多么引人注目，也无论它使我们的生
活变得多么舒适，人们都认为这是理所当然的事情。在技术世界，你每天都会看到这一原则起作用。曾经一度被视为非常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常，更糟的是，当这些东西运转不正常时，还会令人沮丧。要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来是如此困难！ 6那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？不，决非如此。
不论好歹，这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。我们先从负面影响谈起。在某些方面，技术显然使得生活更加糟糕了。譬如，我们马上会想到电话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。这些都是让人们明显意识到不幸福的现象。可是，现代的技术评论文章多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上，而是集中在了技术对人际关系的影响上。
7在联了网的数据库世界里，隐私变得越来越脆弱。在许多工作场所，诸如按键监控和电
话全程录音之类的技术使得对员工的监视变得更加容易。人们对电视的攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了社区交往。一些人甚至说，电视是美国人逐渐相互疏远的罪魁祸首。同样也有人认为，互联网的负面影响进一步使人远离了我们常说的“真实世界”。 8这种广义上关于技术影响人际关系的批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福的问题相关，因为我们真
正有把握说清楚的事情没有几件，但其中之一是：人们的朋友越多，关系越密切，就越幸福。 9今天的技术变化异常神速，购买某种产品时你就知道，再过几个月，比这个产品性能更好、运作更快的款式就会问世，而你却还得使用旧款式的产品。换句话说，别人买到的产品
要比你的好。这种失望感仿佛从开始购买这件产品时就已经存在了。
10日常生活的压力，一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程度的
恐惧感——这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的几个方面。然而，技术对人们的幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健方面。工业革命以前，每三个欧洲人就有两个的寿命不足30岁。今天，西欧妇女的寿命差不多是80岁，而且还会继续提高。道理很清楚：绝大多数人很乐意活下去，他们在地球上生活的时间越长，感觉就越好。可是，不久前，绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、畜生般的生活，而且生命非常短暂。技术改变了这种状况，至少对于富裕国家的人们来说是如此。我们在该为医疗保健费用的提高和没有参加保险的人们的问题而担忧的同时，也应该记住，医疗技术带给我们身体上和精神上的好处是多么有价值。
11从更深的层次上说，我们在健康和长寿方面所取得的进步却强调了在国家和全球层面
讨论幸福问题的一个自相矛盾的说法。即使人们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术，他们还会像以前那样渴望长寿。这就像那个古老的笑话一样：食品也许并不好，可我们都想让自己得到的那一份尽量大。
Unit3 textA|知识彩虹|
1克雷格·拉塞尔我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50年中有39年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。
2于是，你或许会认为，经过这么长一段时间，我应该了解一些情况，确实知道一些东西，对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。可是，我却没有做到这一点。事实上，我知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知。
3当然，说自己知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知，这种说法是矛盾的。然而，现代物理学告诉我们，现实世界本身就是矛盾的。科学家们对物质现实世界研究得越多，就越无法对它进行把握。在某种意义上，他们了解的越多，知道的就越少。
4知识本身就是矛盾的。打个比方，假设你的知识是一个点，就像这个句子末尾的句号一样。请注意这个句号微小的圆周，假设它代表我们已知和未知的分界——换句话说，就是你对自己不知道的东西的认知。
5但现在想象一下那个小小的句号在渐渐扩大，它的黑色部分占据页面越来越多的地方。
随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的知识的话，在知识增长的同时，你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。也就是说，你知道的越多，就越觉得自己无知。
6你在求知过程中肯定有过类似的经历。起初，你甚至并不知道还有某个学科的存在。当然，这个学科是早就存在的，只是你以前没有注意到而已。1988年有了第一台电脑以后，我去杂志店，想找一些关于电脑操作方面的书，结果发现这类书琳琅满目，让我吃惊。同样，当我有幸获得讲授电影分析这门课的机会时，我发现有关这个领域的专著也多得令我眼花缭乱。
7假设你决定研究这一课题。你买了一本有关这一课题的书，一本你能找到的最好也是最全面的（或是你认为是这样的）书，或许你是从图书馆借来了这本书。但你很快就会发现，阅读这本书只会给你带来更多的问题，而不是要解答你的疑问。
8譬如，今年早些时候，我非但不知道自己对技术和自由之间的关系有兴趣，甚至没有意识到这两者之间有可能存在着某种联系。于是，我开始阅读这方面的书籍，越读越意识到技术与自由之间的关系。一方面，比起短短的几个月之前，现在我对这个课题的了解是多了。但另一方面，所有这些阅读让我看到了自己真正懂得的东西是多么的少，而需要阅读、思考和写作的东西又是多么的多。每读完一本书，我总是觉得需要再读三本书，才能更好地把握这个课题。我的思考和写作也在同时进行。事实上，正是写作让我接触了这一课题。我们通常认为只有那些知识渊博、充满自信的人才会从事写作。然而，在我看来却恰恰相反。写作并不是总结，而是拓展。
9身为作家，很长一段时间我都被这个矛盾所困惑——知道的越多，越感到自己无知。我
深深领悟了道家的教诲：“知者不言，言者不知。”我对自己该不该写作毫无把握，即使写了，也觉得自己没有资格写。我总觉得自己应该先获得更多的知识。我花了很长一段时间，才解除了这种矛盾对我的禁锢，最终才确信正是写作让我增长了知识，而不是知识让我有资格从事写作。我觉得自己的作品不是文章或者专栏，而是essays，即“随笔”，essays是一个法语词，意思是“尝试”。我不懂得真理，只是努力要找到它。
10当然，我不是说我们不应该学习，或者不应该阅读、写作、思考和交谈。我也不是说
我们不应该去尝试。永无止境的探索并非毫无希望。我只是认为，对知识中矛盾的理解，必然会把我们从教条主义的压迫和僵化中引导出来，迈向个人的灵活和自由。这正如道家所说：“坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。”
11我们必须将因知识而生出的自豪感和因无知而生出的谦卑感加以揉和。他们说得好，
真理就在那里，但或许就像彩虹一样，我们却永远不能真正地抓住它，也不能把它握在手里并真正地掌握它。正如威廉·詹姆斯所说的那样，我们只能“按照今天得到的真理而生活，并准备明天把它叫做谬论。”
Unit4 textA|工作、劳动和玩耍|
1 威斯坦·H·奥登就我所知，汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。
2与劳动相对的是玩耍。玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。但
这完全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。
3处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是
一个工作者。从社会角度看是必需的劳动在他自己看来却是自愿的玩耍。一个职位是劳动还是工作，并不取决于这个职位本身，而是取决于占据这个职位的个人自己的情趣。这种差异与体力劳动和脑力劳动之间的差异并不吻合。譬如，一个园丁或者鞋匠也许就是一个工作者，而一个银行职员则可能是一个劳动者。一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对闲暇的态度上看出来。对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时，所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。而对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制，所以，他自然会想象：他不得不花费在劳动上的时间越少，而自由自在地玩耍的时间越多，那才越好。
4在一个现代化的技术社会里，总人口中有多大比例的人能够像我一样有幸成为工作者
呢？我估计大概有16％，而且，我认为这个数字将来也不会增加。
5技术和劳动的分工成就了两件事：通过在许多领域取消了特别才能和技术的需要，把过
去本来令人愉快的大量受雇职业的工作变成了令人厌倦的劳动；通过提高生产力，缩短了劳动所需的时间。已经可以想象出这样一个社会：其人口的大多数，也就是其中的劳动者们，将会享受到早期贵族们才能享受到的几乎同样多的休闲。当人们回想起过去贵族们的举止行为时，前景并非乐观。的确，在未来这样一个大众社会里，人们要解决“无聊”这个问题，也许比过去的贵族们要困难得多。后者（贵族们）把他们的时间都仪式化了，譬如，有打松鸡的季节，有在城镇消磨的季节等等。广大民众更有可能以时尚来取代一成不变的仪式，而时尚将会为了某些人的经济利益频繁地变化。再者，广大民众也不会再去狩猎，因为，要不了多久可供猎取的动物就没有了。至于贵族们其他的消遣项目，比如赌博、决斗和战争，人们可以轻而易举地从危险驾驶、吸食毒品和毫无理性的暴力行为中找到同样的乐趣。工作者
很少从事暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上，不管是工匠的体力活，还是科学家、艺术家的脑力活。“敌对心理”在脑力劳动中的作用可以在“紧紧咬住问题”这个短语里得到恰如其分的表达。
Unit5 textA|声誉|
1梅尔文·霍华兹声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。声誉以及随之而来的名气迫使名人陷入穷途末路。真有点讽刺意味，不是吗？
2名人有名多因有一技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。成功的表演者展示出一种风格，获得声誉。而且这种声誉常常使这位表演者确信，必须把这种风格发扬光大，因为这就是大众所需要和喜爱的。可是随着时间的推移，如果歌手年复一年地用老调唱老歌，画师画千篇一律的风景或画像，演员反复饰演同一角色，他们势必都会感到厌烦。由于公众的要求，艺人竟变成了自己功名的奴隶。倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，大众就会弃他而去，转而把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他人，一段时间后再转给他人，这样不停地转下去。 3一个人有了名誉，就有了名气，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的高度关注，在任何领域都是这样。一个表演者很容易相信，自己的成就当真和新闻报道的一样大。可是大多数人、大多数艺人并没有得到美誉和财富。那些失败的表演者又如何呢？其他任何一个失败者又会如何呢？奇怪的是，对许多人而言，失败往往就是对失败的回报！有些人对你表示怜悯，他们庆幸自己不是你。你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些比你有天赋并获得成功的人较量。他们会找出种种借口来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你太敏感了呀；你对金钱没有兴趣呀；你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀；因为声望要使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀；等等。所有这些都是借口，但对失败者或假装不在意自己失败的人来说，却是安慰。 4历史充分证明，有些人在一生的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努力地追求成
功，继续对自己充满信心。美国小说家托马斯·沃尔夫的第一部小说《安琪儿，往家里看吧！》被退稿39次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作生涯并赢得了声誉。贝多芬不屈服于他残暴、专横的父亲，还忍气吞声当过乐师，但终于克服一切，成为世界上最伟大、最著名的音乐家。托马斯·爱迪生10岁左右，还在上四年级的时候就被赶出教室，因为在老师的眼里，他脑子笨，又不乖。以失败为动力，奋发有为，成名成家的例子还有很多。但遗憾的是，对大多数人来说，失败就是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。成名的失败事例即使有，也不多见。
5那么，人们为什么要追求声誉呢？你追求声誉吗？你希望许多人都知道你、赞赏你吗？
你想得到那些往往伴随声誉而来的金钱吗？你想要媒体注意你台上台下的一言一行吗？显而易见，在某些领域，出了名就意味着要成为那些不赞同你的人和诸多媒体的抨击目标。声誉把你置于所有的灯光下，一边给你权利和威望，一边把你变得不像你：你必须成为大众心目中的你，而不能是那个真实的你或你可能成为的那个人。但是，为什么人人都追求声誉呢？我想到了以下几个理由：为了在某些方面展示才华；为了赢得他人的敬仰和爱慕；为了成为人人谈论的人物；为了让亲朋好友看到你比他们想象得还要优秀。也许你还能列出其他理由，但我觉得以上这些理由是相当普遍地存在的。 6对那些拼命追求声誉、财富和名望的人们，我想说：祝你们好运。但是当你已经抓住了
自己的尾巴，即成功和声誉之后，你打算怎么做呢？一直追逐下去吗？你若确已抓住了尾巴，那就舍命也不要松手。我盼你们不久都功成名就，或近乎功成名就吧！
Unit6 textA|人生的两条真理|
1亚历山大·M·辛德勒人生的艺术就是要懂得收与放。而人生就是这样一个矛盾：尽管到头来注定一切都不能长久，它还是令我们依恋于它所赋予的各种恩赐。正如古人所言：“一个人出生时拳头紧握，过世时却松手而去。”
2当然，我们应该紧紧把握人生，因为它既神奇，又美丽。我们都懂得这个道理。可是
我们却常常在回首往事时才突然觉醒，意识到其中之美，可为时已晚，一切都时过境迁。 3我们记起的是褪色的美、消逝的爱。但是这种记忆中却饱含了苦涩，我们痛惜没有在美
丽绽放的时候注意到它，没有在爱情到来的时候做出回应。
4我自己最近的一个经历又令我悟出了这其中的道理。剧烈的心脏病发作以后我被送进了医院的重症监护病房。那地方可不是好呆的。
5一天上午，我要接受几项辅助检查。因为检查的器械在医院另一侧的一座楼内，所以我只能坐在轮椅上让人推着穿过庭院才能到达那里。就在从病房里出来的那一刻，阳光正照在我身上。我所感觉到的就只有这阳光，它如此美丽，如此温暖，如此璀璨和辉煌！ 6我看看周围是否有人也沉醉在这金色的阳光中，然而，人人却来去匆匆，大都目不斜视，
双眼只盯着地面。这时我想到自己平常又何尝不是往往对身边的美景视而不见而沉湎于日常细小的、有时甚至是低俗的琐事之中呢！
7从这次经历中所获得的顿悟就像这个经历本身一样，并无什么奇特之处：生活的恩赐是宝贵的，只是我们对此太掉以轻心罢了。
8那么人生给我们的第一个矛盾的真理就是：不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的美好和壮丽。虔诚地迎接每一个黎明的到来。把握每一个小时，抓住宝贵的每一分每一秒。 9紧紧把握住人生，但不要紧得放不开。这是生活的另一面，是矛盾体的另一极：我们必
须接受损失，学会放手。
10做到这一点并不容易，尤其是当我们还年轻，自以为世界在我们的掌握之中，只要满
腔热情、全力以赴地去渴求，我们就能得到我们想要的东西，而且一定能得到！但是，生活在继续，它要我们去面对现实，慢慢地也是实实在在地，生活让我们懂得了第二个真理。 11在人生的每个阶段，我们都会承受损失——我们也会在这个过程中成长起来。我们只
有在来到这个世界上时才开始了独立的生命。我们要进各级学校；继而告别父母和儿时的家
庭，然后结婚生子，再就是不得不让孩子们远走高飞。我们遭遇父母和爱人的死亡，还要面临自己或快或慢的衰老。我们最终不得不面对自己不可避免的死亡。就这样，我们失去了自我，也失去了自己曾经拥有过的或梦想过的一切。
12但是，我们为什么会心甘情愿地服从于人生中这种矛盾的需求呢？既然明明知道美的
东西转眼即逝，我们为什么还要去创造那些美好的东西？既然明明知道自己所爱的人最终会离我们而去，我们为什么还要倾心地去爱呢？
13要破解这个矛盾，我们就必须寻找一个更加广阔的视角，像透过可以通向永恒的窗户那样来审视我们的生命。做到了这一点，我们就会知道，我们的生命虽然有限，可我们在地球上的行为却在编织着一个不受时间限制的图案。
14生命绝不仅仅是静止的存在。它是一股不断变化的、不屈不挠的奔流。我们的父母通
过我们使生命得到延续，我们又通过我们的子女使生命得到延续。我们所确立的习俗制度会历久长存，我们自己也会在其中得到永生。我们所崇尚的美不会因为我们的死亡而暗淡。我们的肉体会腐朽，我们的双手会枯萎，但我们用双手创造的美、善和真将永存不朽。
15不要把生命耗费在聚敛财物上，这些财物终究会变为尘埃，化为乌有。与其追求物质，还不如追求理想，因为只有理想才能使生命充满意义，只有理想才具有永存的价值。 16给房子赋予爱你就有了家。让一座城市充满道义，你就有了一个社区。在一堆红砖里
赋予真理你就有了学校。在人们长期的努力奋斗中加上正义，你就有了文明。把这一切都聚集起来，加以提升，使之超越现存的缺陷，再加上人类对得到拯救的憧憬，永远无求无争，那么你将会有一个闪耀着希望绚烂光彩的未来。
学外语 学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。 我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。 到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。 好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。 直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。 网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。 我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。 学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit2答案 1. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4. As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit3答案 1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned. 5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.
新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。
Unit 1 1. Lively behavior is normal for a four-year-old child. 2. Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t affor d me. 3. Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse arguments. 4. I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. 5. Photographic fil m is very sensitive to light. 6. Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. 7. Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. 8. John won't give up. He persists in his opinion/viewpoint. 9. Ted always wants to be the focus/c enter of attention. 10. Is it cheap if we buy our tickets in advance? Unit 2 1.However, the main drawback with this type of search engine is its tendency to include too muc h information. 2.She's very generous with her time----always ready to help other people. 3.You may have known someone else 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acqu aintance. 4.He doubted that the car was hers because everybody knew she had no money. 5.It's impossible to forget such horrific events----they will remain in the memory forever. 6.In a world too often filled with uncertainties, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can r ely on. 7.The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group, but earthquak es are usually difficult to predict. 8.I don't mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn't make a habit of it. Unit 3 1.Their study shows that sports skills carry over into personal life. 2.I find myself calling on the boys more often, because they tend to be the ones having trouble st aying on task. 3.I used to have trouble getting all the laundry put away before it was time to do th e next batch. 4.After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid she has fallen behind academ ically. 5.People are wondering who's going to take over when the old president dies. Unit 4 1.I think it is up to him to finish the work no matter how long it takes. 2.We decided to sacrifice a trip for a new car, though it was really hard for us to make the decisio n. 3.He tried not to involve his wife in the management of the company, because in most cases the advantages outweighed the disadvantages. 4.It is of vital importance to future generations that open spaces and parklands are protected and maintained to a high standard to keep the city increasingly attractive. 5.We have reached the agreement at the meeting that the key to this problem is better planning. 6.I propose pursuing this question further by considering critically the four theories well-known i n this area. 7.The house was a completely original design----neither the interior nor the exterior was copied o f any existin g buildings of the kind. 8.Through all his life he has made efforts to promote the mutual understanding between the two countries.
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Unit 1 1. A very curious boy, Tom, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。 2. Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have. 据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。 3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁的儿子找不到的地方。 4. The story was very funny and Bill kept laughing while reading it. 这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。 5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time at their studies than their lower-scoring classmates. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。 6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的 7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。 8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。 Unit 2 1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.” 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” 2. Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.” 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。” 3. We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。 4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。
1.2.3.5.6.单元 P20 Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。 We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。 Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。 Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。P47 There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气中有一种不寻常的寂静，只有远处响着大炮的声音。 The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems. 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.研究表明大气中的二氧化碳含量与全球温度密切相关The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.最近公共汽车的车辆行驶频率已有改善，从15分钟缩短到12分钟一班。The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.那位跳水运动员立在跳水板边沿，只等教练发出信号便会立即跳下。 Translation on P81-82 1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.尽管在这次紧急迫降中，飞机跑道不长，但经验老到的飞行员还是让飞机滑行了很短一段时间后就停了下来。 2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.在记着反复追问下，该影星终于说漏了嘴，承认自己做过两次整容手术。 3) We have the technology and ourpartner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.我们有技术，我们的合伙人有资金，。一起干，我们就掌握了未来。 4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. Yousee, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.要是我事先知道你会带这么多朋友回家，我会好好准备的，你
unit 1 TextA Love and logic: The story of a fallacy 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事 1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。 2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 3 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken". “光彩照人”，她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 4 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。 5 "Logic." “逻辑学。” 6 "Cool," she said over her gum. “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 "The doctrine of logic," I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter." “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。”
1.We never go to church other than for funerals and weddings . 除了去参加葬礼和婚礼之外，我们从来不去教堂。 2.I have no ambitions other than to live an independent life . 除了过一种独立的生活之外，我没有什么其他野心。 3.He insists the designs have no great meaning, other than that they appealed to his eye . 除了它们很吸引他的眼球之外，他坚持认为这个设计意义不大。 4.He doesn't eat pork, but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 他不吃猪肉，但除此之外，他什么都吃。 5.I don't know the exact location of the church, other than that it's somewhere in the town center . 除了知道它在市中心的某个地方，我对那个教堂的确切地址一无所知 1.With all this on hand, he shouldn't have been to the cinema last night . 手头还有那么多工作，他昨晚不应该去看电影。 2.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I was so busy then. 如果可能的话，我会告诉他答案，但那时我太忙了。 3.They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. In fact , they needn't have gone at all . 他们匆忙赶到那儿却发现会议被取消了。实际上，他们根本不需要去。 4.If Henry did not attend the conference last night ,he must have had too much work to do . 如果亨利昨晚没有参加会议，他一定是有很多工作要做。 5.Philip might have been injured seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤。 1.With so much going on at the office, it is a wonder to find than https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c11428564.html,wrence has much time left for anything else. 办公室里有那么多事情,劳伦斯先生竟然还有时间做别的,这真是奇迹 2.It is a surprise for us to find that television enjoys its greatest competitive advantage on information. 电视机最具有竞争性的优势竟然是信息优势，这一发现真让我吃惊。 3.Y ou'll soon find that it is a waste of time to argue with him . 你很快就会发现与他争论是浪费时间。 4. It's a comfort to know that there's always someone to keep an eye on the kids. 得知总有人在看管孩子们，这令我很宽慰。 5.It is a relief for us to learn that the driver was able to control the car during the stormy weather. 得知司机在暴风雨中平安地开车，我们如释重负。 1.Prices are going up so rapidly. Petrol now is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago. 汽油价格上涨太快，现在的价格是几年前的两倍。 2.Have you visited their house? Theirs is about three times as big as ours. 你去过他们家吗？他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小。 3.*****.Latin American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as people in North America. 该公司预计，他们从每位拉丁美洲电话客户身上获取的平均年收益约为2000美元，而从每位美国客户身上获取的年平均收益则为860美元，其中部分原因是：拉丁美洲电话客户的通话时间是北美洲客户的二至四倍。 4.In spite of the fact that the fee for cell phones is typically twice as much as for calls made over fixed lines , they are still very popular , especially among the young people. 尽管移动电话的资费通常是固定电话费的两倍，他们依然十分受欢迎，尤其是受年轻人欢迎。
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话 If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremend ous amounts of study, practice and devotion.” He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into his office when his country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end… We shall never surrender.” 一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。 Some person refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse. “I don’t come sooner,” he explained, “because I imagined you must b e bored to death with people thanking you.” “On the contrary,” she replied, “I am delighted you came. Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.” Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life. 一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。 The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “When the going gets tough, the toug h get going,” is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight.Dr.de Bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the step is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapse. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over. Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says,is a new technique of thinking about things—a technique that avoids this fight altogether,and solves the problem In an entirely unexpected fashion. 学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事 When a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often happened, the student was not treated with disappointment, anger, or annoyance. Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip — and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could to. The exact part of communication that tells a child, "I expect the best," is difficult to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal impatience, an absence of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation.The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the answers she gets will be right, and the child picks up
Unit 1 1. 这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。 Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. 我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。 We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it. 5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。 They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security. Unit 2 1. 要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。