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高中英语语法完全突破
学习笔记本
重点突出覆盖全面深入浅出平实易懂
紧扣高考直击考点视听讲练系统高效
主编：魏训刚
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本资料是奥风英语新课标《高中英语语法完全突破》视频教程的配套资料。供学生在学习视频教程时做笔记使用，可以调节学生的学习节奏，使学生手耳眼脑齐动，加深印象，增强学习效果。既适合学生看视频自学，也适合学校、辅导班老师上课使用。
奥风《高中英语语法完全突破》系列资料包括：
Ⅰ.《高中英语语法完全突破》视频教程（学习）
Ⅱ. 《高中英语语法完全突破学习笔记本》（记忆）
Ⅲ.《精编高考语法专项练习》（练习）
《高中英语语法完全突破》由魏训刚老师主讲，教程重点突出，覆盖全面，深入浅出，平实易懂，紧扣高考，直击考点。可谓教程在手，语法无忧。
第一讲：名词
一、名词的分类
1. 专有名词
表示____________________________________________________。
如：Tom, Peking University, the United Nations
特性：
①__________________________________________。
②__________________________________________。
2. 普通名词
泛指__________________________________________。
如：student, actor, money
分为：
可数名词如：_________________________
不可数名词如：__________________________________
可数名词包括：
个体名词：________________________________________________
如：garden, actor, hammer
集体名词：________________________________________________
如：family, class, staff, team
集体名词做主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数？
如：My class _______________(be) rather noisy yesterday.
The audience_ _____________________________________________
The staff is/are against the plan.
强调集体：动词用__________
如：His family is very large-he has three sons and two daughters.
强调个体：动词用_________
如：My family ______________________.
有些集体名词做主语时动词只用复数：________________________________
如：The police ______________________________.
The cattle_______________________________________ 不可数名词包括：
物质名词：表示__________________________________________
如：cotton, water, ink, wood
抽像名词：表示_______________________________________________
如：_______________________________________________________ 物质名词的特殊情况
1. 有些可用作可数名词表示：________________________
如：_____________________________________
He can’t drink much. _____________________________________.
_________________________________________________
2. 部分物质名词的复数形式__________________
如：The island _________________________________________.
waters__________________________
Villagers are __________________________________________________.
rains 雨季sands沙滩woods森林
部分物质/抽象名词可作个体名词，但含义不同
二.名词的数
1. 规则名词复数的构成
(1) ___________
如：coo k—_____________, canal—_____________, monkey—______________
(2) __________________________
如：bus—_____________, brush—_____________, coach—_____________
注意：以s结尾的专有名词：_____________
如：Charles-______________________
(3) ________________________
如：story—_____________, county—_____________
注意：
①以元音字母+y结尾：_______________
如：
boy—_____________, ray—_____________, bay—_____________
②以y结尾的专有名词：____________________
如：Mary—_______________
January—______________________
(4) 以o结尾的名词。
①__________________
如：radio—_____________, photo—_____________, kilo—_____________, zoo—_____________, piano—_____________, bamboo—_____________, studio—_____________
②__________________
如：mosquito—_____________, hero—_____________
tomato—_____________, potato—_____________,
③两种情况均可
如：zero—___________________, motto—_____________________,
volcano—__________________________
(5) 以f/fe结尾的词
①________________________________
如：_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
②________________________
如：roof—_____________, gulf—_____________, safe—_____________,
chief—_____________, belief—_____________, cliff—_____________
grief—_____________, proof—_____________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
③个别有___________________。
如：scarf —_____________handkerchief—_______________________________, hoof—_____________, dwarf—_____________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2.不规则名词复数的构成
(1) ________________
如：man—_____________, goose—_____________, tooth—_____________
(2) ________________
如：_______________________________________________________
(3) ____________________
如：mouse—_____________, child—_____________, medium—_____________, bacterium—_____________, ox—_____________, phenomenon—_____________ 3. 复合名词复数的构成
(1) _____________________________________
如：shoe-repairer—_________________, mother-in-law—____________________, passer-by—_________________, looker-on—____________________
editor-in-chief—_____________________, green-hand—____________________
(2) _____________________________
如：forget-me-not—_____________, good-for-nothing—_____________
merry-go-round—____________________, press-up—____________________
has-been—_________________
(3) ________________________________________________________。
如：man cook—_____________, woman writer—_____________
注意：boy/girl student—_________________
4. 字母、符号、数字等：__________
如：______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. “某国人”的单复数变化：
___________________________________________________ 如：
Chinese—_____________ Japanese—_____________ Swiss—_____________
Englishman—_____________ Frenchman—_____________
American—_____________ Australian—_____________ Canadian—_____________
Korean—_____________Russian—_____________ Indian—_____________
German—_____________
注意：
1. 有些名词习惯以复数形式出现:
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
2. 部分名词在短语中习惯以复数形式出现：
______________________情绪高昂/低落
______________________为……做准备
______________________轮流(做某事)
______________________努力做某事
______________________收支平衡
______________________同……保持联系
______________________修理；修补
三．名词所有格
名词所有格表示_______________。
如：________________________________________
1.’s所有格
(1) 构成
在名词后加_________，词尾有______________________
如：________________________________________________________________________ 注意：________________________________________________
(2) 运用
①多用于_________________________________
如：______________________________________
②也可用于________________________________________________________
如：______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_______________________________
比较：
________________________________
________________________________
(3) ’s所有格后名词的省略
①_______________________________
如：_____________________________________.
②______________________________________________________
如：_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. of所有格
①多用于_____________________
如：________________________________________
__________________________________
②也可用于______________________
如：______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
(3). ’s所有格和of所有格的比较
①_____________________________
如：the name of that plant=_________________________,
senior members of the club=____________________________________
②_________________________________
如：______________________, _________________________
③________________________________________________________
如：________________________________, _________________________________
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格：_____________________________________________________________
如：______________________________，_________________________________
四. 不可数名词的量化表达
(1) 用_____________________________________________________________________等表示
如：
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2). 用_______________
如：
__________________________________________________________________
(3) 用___________________
如：
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
五.名词的语法功能
1. 作__________
如：______________________________.
2. 作__________
如：I like _______________.
_____________________________.
3. 作___________
如：___________________________.
4. 作___________
如：____________________________.
5. 作_____________
如：____________________________.
注意：______________________________________________________________
如：_________________________________________________________________________
6. 作_____________
如：__________________________.
__________________________.
7. 名词作定语的注意事项：
(1) _____________________________
如：__________________________________________
(2) ______________________________________________________
如：______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
注意：_________________________________________
(3) _______________________
如：__________________________________________________________________________
00831英语语法自考模拟试题（16） 125.The guests were ____ the room to have a rest. A.got into B.stepped into C.burst into D.shown into 126.You will ____ what you have done some day. A.reply to B.pay off C.get rid of D.answer for 127.He quickly ____ all the things on the desk and put them into the drawer. A.took up B.kept up C.gave up D.did up 128.A helicopter is a plane that can ____ and land straight up and down. A.get off B.take off C.fly off D.send off 129.Now that you’re made your plan,why not ____ it? A.stick to B.keep to C.work at D.persist in 130.The girl you ____ yesterday is a friend of Lisa’s. A.came across B.dropped in C.paid a visit D.talked 131.If I ____ bird,I ____ fly freely in the sky. A.am;will B.was;can C.were;should D.had been;should 132.If he ____ tomorrow,I ____ tell him the truth. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3b754050.html,es;would B.came;would C.were to come;will D.should come;shall 133.If she ___ today,we ____ set off tomorrow. A.arrived;might B.arrives;could C.arrived;should have D.arrived;will 134.In the eye of the woman,Einstein looked as if he ____ out of a book of fairy tales and ____ her like a spirit. A.had just stepped;had passed B.stepped just now;passed C.stepped just;had passed D.has stepped;passed 135.____ the books not properly marked and catalogued,they ____ be so easy to find. A.If;could B.Were;couldn’t C.Had;couldn’t D.Were;could
一、 1、当我知道详细情况时，我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。 When I knew the details ,I realized that I shouldn’t have lost the temper at the office. 2、我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔出去喝一杯。 I don’t know Bob very well ,but we go out for a drink occasionally. 3、会议应该在周二召开，但我们不得不推迟。 The meeting is supposed to be held on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 4、我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所以中国人回到了祖国。 Our government took action to get all the Chinese back to homeland in that country. 5、包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。 Including the weekend ,there is only 12days to buy Charismas presents. 6、如不立即采取行动，许多野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。 Without taking action immediately ,many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. 三、 1、除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。 You won’t got this job unless you have got the experience. 2、我把大部分时间都花在研究中美文化差异上了。 Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. 3、这句话意思很清楚，绝不会引起误会。 This sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4、他希望能给予她比现在更多的帮助。 He hopes he could give her more help than he does. 5、要记得邀请她来参加生日晚会，不然她会抱怨的。 Remember to invite her to the birthday party ,or she would complain. 6、主任说，你必须把购置设备的2500美元加到成本中去。 The Director said ,you have to add 2500 dollars for equipment purchase to the cost. 7、了解自己的长处、弱点以及所处的环境很重要。 It’s important to be aware of your strengths, weaknesses and the environment you are in. 8、如果你继续对大家这么粗鲁，不久你就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。 You will find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everyone. 四、 1、做出贡献的人太多了，无法一一提及。 The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention. 2、半夜里，嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. 3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气，那仅仅是个玩笑而已。 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke. 4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐，但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。 We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up. 5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter. 6、令我失望的是，这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。 To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. 七、
新标准大学英语综合教程1 课后参考翻译 Unit 1 英译汉：T oday, a gap year refers mostly to a year taken before starting university or college. During their gap year, American students either engage in advanced academic courses or do some volunteer work to improve their knowledge, maturity, decision-making, leadership, independence, self-sufficiency and more, thus improving their résumés before going to college. British and European students, however, take a much more holiday-style approach to the gap year by generally working for 3–6 months and then travelling around the world before college begins. This is intended to expand their minds, personal confidence, experiences and interests prior to college. It is a much less structured approach than taken in the United States, and is generally viewed by parents as a formative year for young adults to become independent and learn a great deal of responsibility prior to engaging in university life. 参考译文：如今，间隔年最为普遍的含义是指上大学前的一年。在这一年中，美国学生或是学习高级学术类课程，或是做一些志愿服务，以此来提高自己的知识水平、成熟度、决策力、领导力、独立性、自给自足以及多方面的能力，力求在上大学之前让自己的简历变得更加完善。然而，英国和欧洲的学生更倾向于把间隔年当作假期来看待。他们通常用3-6个月的时间打打工，然后利用剩余的时间在大学开学前环球旅行。这样，在上大学前，他们可以增长见识，提升自信，丰富阅历，培养兴趣。与美国的间隔年不同，英国和欧洲的做法没有那么周密的安排。家长们通常把间隔年看作是年轻人成长起来的一年，他们在开始大学生活之前变得独立，并学会承担很多责任。 汉译英：今天，很多中国的大学非常重视培养学生的创新意识和创业精神（entrepreneurship）。很多知名大学与多家公司建立长期的合作关系。这些公司会定期从大学中录用合格的毕业生。此外，有些校友还创建启动资金，支持学生创办自己的企业。一些大学的校长表示，创业与学习并不矛盾，鼓励学生创业可以帮助他们将专业知识应用于实践，提升自身的竞争力(competitiveness）。 参考译文：Today, many Chinese universities attach great importance to cultivating innovation awareness and entrepreneurship. Many prestigious universities establish long-term relationships with a lot of companies. These companies recruit qualified graduates from the universities on a regular basis. What’s more, some alumni even create start-up funds to support students in starting their own business. The presidents of some universities say that doing business and studying are not in conflict and that encouraging students to set up businesses can help them put their specialized knowledge into practice and raise their competitiveness. 比如，把冰糖和梨放在一起蒸是很好的药膳，可以起到润肺（moisten lung）、化痰（dissolve phlegm）、止咳（arrest cough）的作用。 For example, pear steamed with rock sugar is a medicated diet, good for moistening the lung, dissolving phlegm and arresting cough. 药膳不仅具有药物的疗效，还具有食物的美味。
裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第三课课文讲解 老猴子咬菜根学习交流 Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century . until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century . It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century . This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity. 1. Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。 make a discovery 做出发现 make a name for oneself 出名 make history 创造历史 make a noise 名噪一时 eg. Ben Laden really made a noise by . 本·拉登通过事件名噪一时。make a dent: to make a first step towards success in something 取得初步的、有效的进展；奏效 eg. Chinese open-up policy has made a dent. 中国的改革开放政策已经初见成效。 Aegean [i:'d?i:?n] n.爱琴海（地中海的一部分,在希腊同土耳其之间）The Aegean sea lies between Greece and Turkey, part of Mediterranean Sea.主题句：为典型的记叙文开头句 记叙文的文体特点：时间、地点、人物、事件。并按事件发生的时间、空间顺序描写，把握住其特征，就能轻松应对文章的理解。 Time: some time ago
中考英语语法模拟试题（循序渐进型试题） 1、What’s your name?-----_______________ A My name is Li HangLiang B My name is Ouyang Xiu C My name is Li hong D My name is ZhangSun WuJi 2、-----What’s this _____ English? -----It’s a map A in B on C with D at 3、-----How do you _____ “red”-----R-E-D A spell B read C look D ask 4、-----What’s your sister’s favorite ____? -----Basketball A country B color C sport D subject 5、---_____ books are there on the desk? -----There are five A How much B How many C How long D How often 6、---Hi, Betty. Nice to meet you.-----_____ A Nice to meet you too. B How are you? C Nice to meet you too D Good morning. 7、_____ name is Wang Hua, and _____ is a student. A He; he B His; he C She; she D It; it 8、Welcome to ______. A Class 4 Grade 8 B Grade 8 Class 4 C Grade eight Class fourth D Class four Grade eighth 9、Daming with Lingling _____in Class One. Daming, Lingling and I _____friends. A is; are B are ; are C in ; am D are ;is 10、His_____ are very fine. A Home B house C family D houses
Unit 6 A World of Mystery The Bermuda Triangle [1] On 5th December 1945, Flight 19, which consisted of five US Navy planes, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida in fine weather. There was a total of fourteen men on board the planes. The planes were in good condition; they had the best equipment on board including compasses and radios, and they also carried life rafts. The planes could float on water for ninety seconds. One and a half hours after the take-off, a radio message from one of the planes was heard at the control tower at Fort Lauderdale. [2] "I don't know where we are." [3] After that the planes could no longer speak to the control tower, but they could speak to and hear each other, and the control tower could hear them. [4] "The magnetic compass is going crazy." [5] "We're completely lost." [6] No other messages were heard after that. Nobody else heard from the planes or saw them again. Three hundred planes and many boats searched the area, but not one trace of Flight 19 was found. Then one of the planes that was sent to look for them also disappeared completely. [7] These planes had disappeared in a very mysterious part of the world in the western Atlantic Ocean where lots of strange events have taken place. The mystery started long before 1945, and since that year many other ships and planes have also disappeared in this area. It is called the Bermuda Triangle. It is a large, triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip. [8] Planes and ships disappear in other parts of the world, but there are more disappearances in the Triangle than in other areas. For years now scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. There have been many attempts to explain why people, planes and ships disappear in such high numbers here . [9] One writer, John Spencer, believes that the ships and planes have been carried off from the sea and sky by flying saucers or UFOs from another planet. Since there are millions of other planets in the universe, Spencer believes there must be other intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. These creatures are interested in collecting humans and their equipment so that they can examine them carefully. [10] Another theory is that the geography of the area is responsible for the disappearances of the ships and planes. Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt. Underwater earthquakes result in large waves appearing suddenly. These waves are so big that they can break a ship into pieces. In the air, a similar thing can happen to airplanes because of
新标准大学英语1课后翻译unit1-5 UNIT1 1. 他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for) Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it. 2. 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time) Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time. 3. 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down) When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor's mouth. 4. 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect) Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile. 5. 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about) Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.
裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg. It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。） ?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作―对不起‖，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作―劳驾‖。1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I bor row your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿 eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示―对不起‖。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 ?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1)adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） ?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示―什么事‖。 ?eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？
大学英语语法模拟试题 1. Mr. and Mrs. Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would be if they ______________any other way. A. would travel B. travelled C. are travelling D. have travelled 2. We______________ that Jim be there. A. hope B. wish C. expect D .ask 3. Lucy is glad she didn’t stay on the farm. She______________ bored. A. may be B. will be C. could be D. might have been 4. The dean of studies would have come to see you had it been possible, but he ______________so busy then. A. had been B. was C. were D. would be 5. They would certainly have come and helped us ______________time. A. did they have B. had they had C. had they have D would they have 6. If you were in better health, we______________ you to join in the work last week. A. would have allowed B. would allow C. should allow D. had allowed 7. She cried for her______________ lover. A. departed B. being departed C. departing D. having departed 8. ______________ in an important examination, one of the students in his class lost interest in his work A. Failing B. Failed C. Having been failed D. Having Failed 9. If it______________ tomorrow, I’ll stay at home. A. rained B. will rain C. had rained D. rains 10. “It’s getting very late.”“Yes, it’s time______________.” A. that we left B. we leave C. we’ll leave D. we have left a bus to go there, but he preferred to walk.
Book 1 Translation Exercises Unit 1 Translation 1) 我累了。昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。(should not + 动词完成式) 2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。(occasional) 3) 我们应该到火车站接她。(be supposed to) 4) 你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死, 而你却没有采取行动救他们。(drown, take action) 5) 包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。(including) 6) 如果不立即采取行动，许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。(without, hunger) I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night. I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. We’re supposed to meet her at the train station. You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Unit 2 Translation 1) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。(remind…of…) 2) 街角处刚巧有一位警察，我便向他问路。(happen to, corner) 3) 由于天气恶劣，今天所有去纽约的航班都延误了。(delay) 4) 谁有责任谁就必须赔偿损失。(whoever, responsible) 5) 我找不到我的支票簿。我准是把它留在家里了。(checkbook, must have) 6) 到足球比赛快开始时，暴风雨已经停了。(by the time) That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. I can’t find my checkbook. I must have left it at home. By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped. Unit 3 Translation 1) 除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。(unless) 2) 我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。(spend) 3) 这句话意思极清楚，决不会引起误解。(so…that) 4) 他希望能够给予她比现在更多的帮助。(more than) 5) 穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。(or) 6) 她的收藏品中增加了一张毕加索(Picasso)的画。(add…to…) 7) 我没意识到以前曾来过这儿。(be aware of) 8) 如果你继续对每个人这么粗鲁，你很快就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。(find oneself without) 1）You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience. 2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. He wishes that he could give her more help than he does. She has added a Picasso to his collection.
Unit 1 1. If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find? Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. And this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60. 依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么美好。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？ 无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，可麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人发生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？)，但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上赚点钱：税务局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我甚至都支撑不到年底，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。 2. 我认为，选修第二专业并不合适每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。 第二学期，《英国文学》及《宏观经济学》两门课不及格给我敲响了警种，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。(if you ask me; odds; try as … might; sap one’s confidence; given that; bow to fate; come to a close; for fear that; now that) If you ask me, taking a second maj or isn’t good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still co uldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major. Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again. Unit 2 1. Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the