Washington University in Saint Louis
Saint Louis, MO 63130
Jain@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213642742.html,
Audio/Video recordings of this lecture are available at: https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213642742.html,/~jain/cse571-07/
False Negatives
Network Based
23-8?2007 Raj Jain
CSE571S Washington University in St. Louis
23-11
CSE571S Washington University in St. Louis
Ref: Sasdat Malik's book
23-12
CSE571S Washington University in St. Louis Sample Signatures
ICMP Floods directed at a single host
Connections of multiple ports using TCP SYN A single host sweeping a range of nodes using ICMP A single host sweeping a range of nodes using TCP Connections to multiple ports with RPC requests between two nodes
23-21
CSE571S Operator
Analyzer Manager
Administrator
Event
Alert
英语写作常用词语和句子 一、常用的过渡词 1．用以解释的过渡词 now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact… 2．表示强调的过渡词 certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important… 3．表示限制的过渡词 but, however, although, though, yet, except for… 4．用以举例的过渡词 for example, for instance, thus, such, next… 5．表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, yet… 6．表达顺序的过渡词 first, second, third, afterward, meanwhile, thereafter, last, finally, eventually… 7．用以表示比较的过渡词 like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too… 8．用以表示对比的过渡词 unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead… 9．表示让步的过渡词 although, nevertheless, of course, after all, clearly, still, yet… 10．用以表达结果的过渡词 therefore, as a result, consequently, then, thereby, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, otherwise… 11．用以表示总结的过渡词 to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short, in a word, in the long run, in summary… 二、常用句子 1．比较 (1)The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. (2)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. (3)A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that… (4)It is reasonable to maintain that…, but it would be foolish to claim that… (5)For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. (6)Like anything else, it has its faults. (7)Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. (8)People used to think…, but things are different now. (9)the same is true of B. (10)Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks. 2．原因 (1)A number of factors are accountable for this situation. (2)The answer to this problem involves many factors. (3)The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that… (4)The factors that contribute to this situation include…
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19
开头常用万能句子： 1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer... 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人持……的观点，而另外一些人则更喜欢…… 例句：Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city. 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇，而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。 2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But... 当被问及……时，多数（大多数、许多）人认为（回答）……但是……例句：When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice. 当被问及在选择居住地方时，多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。 3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe... 当提及……时，有人认为…… 例句：When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one. 当提到运动时，有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。 4.It has become apparent to us that... 对我们来说，……已经变得很明显了 例句：It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable. 对我们来说，住在小城镇更加舒服。 5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that... 如今，人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑…… 例句：Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable. 如今，人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利，但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。 6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly
考研英语作文常用句子总结 句型在英语学习中占有不可替代的作用，背诵一些有用的句子对于我们来说也是非常重要的。考研英语作文冲刺复习要注意积累，记忆一些好的句式。素材丰富了，大家才能下笔灵活，下面分享的这些考研英语常用写作句型，大家可以收藏。 1.The cartoon vividly shows an important truth that…漫画生动地揭示了一个重要的道理 2.As is vividly depicted in the drawings 漫画生动地描述了 3.Clearly, the cartoon reveals a very common problem in our society 很明显，漫画揭示了我们社会的一个普遍现象 4.The implied meaning of the drawings is that 漫画的寓意是 5.As is manifested in the cartoon 如漫画所示 6.The two drawings stand in a sharp contrast 两幅图形成了鲜明的对比 7.A ridiculous situation 一个可笑的场景 8.To grasp the full implication 充分理解寓意 9.With sweats trailing down the face 汗流满面 10.There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑…… 11.There is a general assumption that 人们普遍认为 12.To make careful decision 认真做决定
1、There is an arbitration clause in the contract. (or insurance clause, inspection clause, shipping clause...) 这是合同中的一项仲裁条款。（或：保险条款，检验条款，装运条款等） 2、We sincerely hope that both quality and quantity are in conformity with the contract stipulations. 我们真诚希望质量、数量都与合同规定相吻合。 3、The contract states that the supplier will be charge d a penalty if there is a delay in delivery. 合同规定如果供货商延误交货期，将被罚款。 4、The contract comes into effect today, we can’t go back on our word now. 合同已于今日生效，我们不能反悔了。 5、Once the contract is approved by the Chinese government, it is legally binding upon both parties. 合同一经中国政府批准，对双方就有了法律约束力。 6、We always carry out the terms of our contract to the letter and stand by what we say. 我们坚持重合同，守信用。 7、You have no grounds for backing out of the contract. 你们没有正当理由背弃合同。 8、In case one party fails to carry out the contract, the other party is entitled to cancel the contract. 如果一方不执行合同，另一方有权撤消该合同。 9、This contract will come into force as soon as it is signed by two parties. 合同一经双方签定即生效。 10、Are you worrying about the non-execution of the contract and non-payment on our part? 你是否担心我们不履行合同或者拒不付款？
英语六级作文高级句子及万能模板句式1．随着经济的快速发展 with the rapid development of economy 2．人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5．人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8．不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12．一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14．就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absol ute consensus on… 15．有充分的理由支持
英语写信作文万能句子 【篇一：英语写作书信类作文常用句型】 英语写作书信类作文常用句型 o 小 o o ?? o o oo ? ? 一、写作格式 1、称呼 (1)机构 a、不认识负责人 dear sir or madam， dear sir / madam， to whom it may concern， b、认识负责人 dear mr./ms. president/professor/manager/editor (michael) wang， (2)个人
a、关系不亲密 dear mr./ms. president/professor/manager/editor wang， b、关系亲密 dear michael， 2、正文 3、落款 (1)祝福语 best wishes! / the best regards! (2)签名 yours sincerely， li ming 二、必用信息 常用的开头语有： i have received your letter of july ist. 7月1 日来信已经收悉。 i have the pleasure to tell you that …….很高兴告诉你……。 i am very much delighted to receive your letter. 非常高兴收到你的来信。 it is my honor to inform you that ……很荣幸告诉你……。 常用的结束套话有： i am looking forward to hearing from you 盼早日回信。 wish best regards. 祝好。 thank you for your help 感谢你的帮助！
英语作文常用句子 本文是关于经典句子的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 英语作文常用句子 1、Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 2、Time past cannot be called back again. 光阴一去不复返。 3、We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 4、Never think yourself above business. 勿自视过高；不要眼高手低；永远不要认为自己是大才小用。 5、Everybody's business is nobody's business. 众人的事就是无人过问的事。 6、For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn. 对于想过一种有意义的人来说，抽空学习一门新技术很重要。 7、Time tries truth.
时间检验真理。 8、Work makes the workman. 勤工出巧匠。 9、Summer is sultry. That's the reason why I don't like it. 夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。 10、What's more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校为学生省去了不少时间，这样学生可以把更多的时间用在学习上。 11、Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。 12、Tomorrow comes never. 切莫依赖明天。 13、Overwork does harm to health. 工作过度对健康有害。 14、The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. 兼职可以让学生们学习个人技巧，这样可以在找工作时更有竞争
常用句子总结 1.开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular. 7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 8) According to a recent survey, ... 9) With the rapid development of ..., ... 注：用于句首提出论题或现象的句型 ①Recently , …has be come the focus of the society . ②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /see … ⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life. ⑥Nowadays more a nd more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes … ⑨In recent years, there is a general ten dency … ⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face. 2.证明 1) No one can deny the fact that ... 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ... 4) Recent studies indicate that ... 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ... 6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ... 3.举例 1) A good case in point is ... 2) As an illustration, we may take ... 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) ...is often cited as an example. 4.表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this． 2)The reasons for this are as follows． 3)The reason for this is obvious． 4)The reason for this is not far to seek． 5)The reason for this is that．．． 6)We have good reason to believe that．．． 例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they
英语作文常用万能句子经典套用句型 很多学生在写英语作文的时候，总是感觉自己没话可说，这主要就是因为英语句型积累的少。下面小编整理了一些英语作文常用句子，供大家参考！ 英语作文常用句子 1.As far as...is concerned 就……而言 2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...... 3.It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...... 4.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的， 5.It has to be noticed that...必须注意到，...... 6.It's generally recognized that... 普遍认为...... 7.What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是......
8.There's no denying the fact that... 不可否认...... 9.Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比......更重要 10.Today, ..., which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ... Second, ... What makes things worse is that... 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 可以套用的英语句型 1.Let's take...to illustrate this.让我们用......来阐明这一点。 2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.让我们用以上图标做例子来阐明这一点。 3.Here is one more example.还有一个例子。 4.Take … for example.以......为例。 5.This offers a typical instance of….这为......提供了一个典型的例子。 6.We may quote a common example of….我们可以引用一个关于......的常见例子。 英语写作常用句式 1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 因为我们读过这本书，所以我们学到很多。 2.If we read the book, we will learn a lot.如果我们读这本书，我们会学到很多。 3.We read the book;as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.我们读了这本书，因此我们学了很多。 4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于读了这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.超重的原因是吃得太多。 6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.超重是由于吃得太多。 7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.吃太多的结果是超重。
1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy 2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard 3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that… 6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion. 7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention. 8. 不可否认It is undeniable that… 9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion / debate 10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue 11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 13. 双方的论点argument on both sides 14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in… 15. 对…必不可少be indispensable to … 16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes: 17. 对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on… 18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 19. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20. 复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon 21. 责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility / achievement 22. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 23. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision 24. 学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills 25. 经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden 26. 考虑到诸多因素take many factors into consideration 27. 从另一个角度from another perspective 28. 做出共同努力make joint efforts 29. 对…有益be beneficial to / be conducive to… 30. 为社会做贡献make contributions to the society 31. 打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for… 32. 综合素质comprehensive quality 33. 致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to… 34. 应当承认Admittedly, 35. 不可推卸的义务unshakable duty 36. 满足需求satisfy / meet the needs of... 37. 可靠的信息源a reliable source of information 38. 宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources 39. 因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)
英语作文写作常用万能句子 1、不用说…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) … = It is obvious that … 例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。 It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 2、在各种……之中，…… Among various kinds of …，… /= Of all the …，… 例︰在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。 Among various kinds of sports， I like jogging in particular. 3、就我的看法……;我认为…… In my opinion，… = To my mind，… = As far as I am concerned，… = I am of the opinion that … 例：In my opinion， playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health. 就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。 4、随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population，…
随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology，… 例：With the rapid development of Taiwan‘s economy， a lot of social problems have come to pass. 随着台湾经济的快速发展很多社会问题产生了。 5、……是必要的It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … …… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that … …… 是适当的It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……是紧急的It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that … 例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean. It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean. 我们理应保持公共场所清洁。 6、花费spend … on sth. / doing sth. … 例：我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。 We shouldn‘t spend too much time on something we aren‘t interested in. 7、how 引导的感叹句 例：那至少能够证明你很诚实。 At least it will prove how honest you are. 8、状语从句 A)如果你不……，你就会…… If you don‘t …，you‘ll …
英语必备30 句万能句子写作高分必备的句子 英语是一门重要的语言，那幺，英语写作必备万能句子有哪些呢？下面 小编整理了一些相关信息，供大家参考！ 1 英语写作必备句子1. It goes without saying that ...不用说… 2. There is no denying the fact that ...不可否认这个事实……=No one can deny ...谁也不可否认…… 3. I am greatly convinced (that)...=I am greatly assured (that)...我深信…… 4. Among various kinds of ...=Of all the ...在各种……之中, …… 5. In my opinion ...=As far as I am concerned ,...在我看来, …… 6. According to my personal experience = Based on my personal experience 根据我个人经验 7. Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than ...在我认识的人当中, 也许没有一个人比……更值得我尊敬。 8. In the course of my schooling, I will never forget ...在我的求学过程中, 我忘 不了…… 9. With the increase/growth of the population, ...随着人口的增加, …… 10. In the age of information and communication, ...plays an important role. 在这信息年代, ……扮演重要的角色。 1 写英语作文的高分句子1. Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ... 世界上没有什幺比……更令我高兴。 2. It is necessary/important/proper that S.(should)V. ……是必要的/重要的/适 当的。
常用英语写作句子[教育] 写作中常用的100个高频英语短语 1. 经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2(人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3(先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4(面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5(人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6(社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7(引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8(不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9(热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11(完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12(一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14(就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15(有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16(双方的论点 argument on both sides 17(发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18(对…必不可少be indispensable to …
英语作文常用亮点语句 一篇英语作文中，有几个亮点句子和词语，对于得高分来说是至关重要的，一些经典的语句如果能被我们在写作中很恰当地运用，一定会给改卷老师留下很好的印象，也让我们的作文中的措辞语句显得很地道，所以大家都尽量去记住并且学会灵活运用下面的语句吧。但是还有一点要注意，就是在使用下面的语句过程中，不要让这些句子过于泛滥，这样会让改卷老师觉得这是一篇拼凑出来的文章，让文章显得不专业，变得适得其反。 1、如今，人们普遍认为…，但是我怀疑… Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that... 2、“如同硬币有其正反面一样，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。” Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to... 3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。” Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention. 4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。” Along with the rapid growth of ...,...has become increasingly important in our daily life. 5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。” Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 第二种写作功能句型，文章结尾句型 1、“因此，不难得出结论...” Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that... 2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...” From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that... 3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”