Unit 5 When work is a pleasure
PART 1
Understanding and Learning
Overview
This unit centers on the topic of work-an indispensable part of individual lives. Work may serve different purposes and have different meanings to different people. Text A argues, by differentiating among work, labor, and play, that interest and enjoyment in work are important for the benefit of both individuals and society. Text B, by telling us a story of a shoemaker and the author, stimulates thoughts on building a tradition of working with pride, self-esteem, and responsibility. All of these elements, as shown in both texts, cannot be achieved in a job that is done merely for the sake of money.
Concerning the writing style, Text A is developed mainly by means of contrasts, which are effectively used to highlight, point by point, the differences between workers and laborers. Text B, by means of narration through the use of the first person “I” and with detailed description and lively conversations, gives the readers a strong feeling of being personally on the scene, and achieves the effect of great vividness.
In order for students to get a strong understanding of the unit theme and foster a good attitude toward work, the teacher should encourage thought-provoking discussions and activities. The topics for the discussions may include why we work, how we can foster love for work, how we achieve happiness at work, etc. Possible activities are peer interviews, retelling of Text B, questionnaire survey to gauge the happiness level of a specific occupation and to work out how to achieve greater happiness at work. Section A
Will you be a worker or a labor?
Background information
1 continuing education
Continuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs.
2 experiential learning
Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning (死记硬背). Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individua1. An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation
and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading about others’ experiences.
Detailed study of the text
1In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves-“wage slaves”.(Para. 1)
Meaning: In a society where slavery, strictly speaking, has been put to an end, the social status of work, the value of work and the salary, have made many laborers become modern slaves-“wage slaves”.
★degrade:vt. treat sb. without respect and make them lose respect for themselves贬低(某人);羞辱(某人)
The examination supervisor warned students not to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam.
监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊,以免自取其辱。
Note“Wages slaves” here refers to those who work for the mere purpose of earning a wage.
2 People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, yet they feel compelled to continue working by the necessity of conforming to societal expectations and earning the revenue to support themselves and their families. (Para.
2)
Meaning: People are considered laborers if their job has a bad or negative effect on them, but they are forced to work because they want to meet the expectations of the society and earn some money to support themselves and their families.
★adverse:a. .not good or favorable不利的; 反对的; 反面的
Economists fear that any conflict between the two countries could have adverse effects on global financial markets. 经济学家们担心两国之间的任何冲突都可能对全球金融市场产生不利影响。
★conform:vi. (~ to/with) obey sth. such as a rule or law遵照;遵守;服从
The city has a few modern buildings in the central area which do not conform with the style of the city’s overall character.该城市中心区域有一些现代建筑跟城市的整体风格特点不相符合。
★revenue:n.［U］money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, esp. from selling goods or services (公司、机构的) 收益, 收入
A spokesman for the finance department said costs generally rise when revenue increases.财务部门的发言人说收益增加成本通常会增加。
Note societal: a. relating to society or the way society is organized 社会的
In time, humans began to develop societal organizations that eventually would become what we know as towns and cities.经过一段时间之后，人类开始形成社会组织，这些社会组织最终发展成为我们所知道的乡镇和城市。
3The polar opposite of labor is play. (Para, 2)
Meaning: Play is completely opposite to labor.
★polar:a.
1) (~opposite/extreme) sth. that is the complete or exact opposite of sth. else完全相反; 正好相反
John said he’d vote for the candidate even if his beliefs were the polar opposite of his own. 约翰说即便候选人的观点与自己的相左,他也将投票给该候选人。
2) close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole地极的;近地极的;极地的The melting of the polar icecaps and the rise in the sea level are only the most commonly cited effects of climate change.极地冰盖融化以及海平面上升只是最常被提及的气候变化的后果。
4When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private pastime;… (Para. 2)
★pastime: n. [C] sth. that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting消遣; 娱乐
To relieve the stress caused by her job, she turned to painting, a pastime she had loved since childhood.
为了缓解工作引起的压力, 她开始画画, 这是她自儿时起就喜欢的消遣。
5 Between labor and play stands work. (Para.3)
Meaning: Work lies somewhere between labor and play.
Note Here we are reminded of what is men tioned in the preceding paragraph “The polar opposite of labor is play”.
6 People are labeled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary pla y from the individual’s personal point of view. (Para. 3)
Meaning: People are regarded as workers if their personal interests agree with the
jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the perspective of society can mean voluntary play to a worker.
Note The labor required in a job is voluntary play to workers because they show interest in it, enjoy what they are doing and find pleasure in it; just as if they were playing a game.
★coincide: vi. (~with)
1) (of ideas, opinions, etc. ) be the same or very similar (想法、意见等)相同, 相符,极为类似
I ndeed, the State’s interests may not coincide with those of the individual.
的确, 国家利益可能与个人利益不一致。
2) (of two or more events) take place at the same time (两件或更多的事情)同时发生Her arrival coincided with our departure.
她到来之时正逢我们离开。
★voluntary: a. done willingly and without being forced自愿的; 自动的
Every decision is made of a person’s free will, and is voluntary, unless it is effected by compulsion.
每项决定都是基于个人意愿, 属自愿性质的,除非有强制要求。
Note point of view: n. a particular way of thinking about or judging a situation 视角；角度
How does your point of view square with what some of your colleagues have said?
你的观点与你—些同事的意见在多大程度上—致?
7 Whether a job is to be designated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. (Para.3)
Meaning: Whether a job is so be considered as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the very person who does it had interest in it or not.
★desinate:vt..
1) (fml.)(~ sb./sth. as ) give sb. or sth. a particular name, title, or description 把?定
名为; 授予?称号; 把?描述为
When residents wanted to designate the Elk River as a heritage site, the mines killed the proposal.
当居民们想把埃尔克河确定为文化遗产时,该提议却被众多的矿井给毁掉了。
2)(~sb./sth.as)formally choose sb. or sth. for a particular purpose任命; 选定; 选派
A will allows people to designate someone as receiver of their property when they die. 遗嘱使人们可以指定其去世后财产由谁继承。
8 The difference does not, for example, correlate with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs of low or high esteem; … (Para.3)
Meaning: The difference labor and work has no connection with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs which get low or high respect and admiration.
★correlate: v. (~with) if two or more facts, ideas, etc. correlate or you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other(使)相互关联
Rising temperatures and the associated earlier spring snowmelt with increasing amounts and size of wildfires in the western United States.
气温升高及其所导致的春季融雪提前与美国西部数量日益增多、规模日益增大的山火是有关联的。
★esteem:
n. [U]a feeling of respect for sb., or a good opinion of sb.尊敬; 敬重
He is held in high esteem by colleague in the construction industry.
他受到建筑业同行的高度尊重。
vt. (fml.) respect and admire sb. or sth. 尊敬; 敬重
Employee qualities such as being cooperative and industrious are often esteemed by managers.
员工的合作、勤奋等品质常常为经理们所推崇。
9 Workers are therefore more prone to dedicate more time to working, taking too little leisure rather than too much. (Para.4)
Meaning: Workers are therefore more likely to spend more time in working, and they will spend extremely little amount of time on relaxation.
★prone:a. likely to do sth. or suffer from sth., esp. sth. bad or harmful易于发生某事(尤指不好或有害的事)的;很可能?的;有?倾向的
Most children are prone to junk food.
多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。
★dedicate vt.
1) use a place, time, money, etc. only for a particular purpose(为某一目的而)使用The newspaper dedicated three whole pages to pictures of the princess.
报纸用了三个整版刊登王妃的照片。
2) give all your attention and effort to one particular thing 致力于; 献身于
The new president said she would dedicate herself protecting the rights of children, the old and the homeless.
新总统说她将致力于保护儿童、老人和无家可归者的权利。
10 To laborers, on the other hand, leisure means autonomy from compulsion, so it is natural for them to imagine that the fewer hours they have to spend laboring, and the more hours they have free for play, the better. (Para.4)
Meaning: To labors, on the other hand, leisure means complete freedom from what they are forced to do or what they have to do; so, it is natural for them to think that it is better if they spend less time on labor and more time on play.
★autonomy.[U]
1) the ability or opportunity to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else自主能力; 自主
Genetic engineering may threaten privacy, kill autonomy, make society look and be alike, and destroy the concept of human nature.
基因工程可能威胁隐私,扼杀自主权,使社会千篇一律,并且破坏人性这一观念。2) freedom that a place or an organization has to g overn or control itself自治; 自治权
They are willing to give this district more autonomy, but not independence.
他们愿意给该地区更多的自治权,但不会让其独立。
Note compulsion: n.[sing.,U] the act of forcing or influencing sb. to do sth. they do not want to do, or the situation of being forced or influenced (被)强制；(被)强迫Who would undertake such a difficult task without compulsion?
如果不是强制性的,谁会去承担这样—项困难的任务?
11 They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostered
a sense of personal pride in their jobs. (Para.5)
Meaning:They will also work harder and more accurately because they have developed a sense of personal pride in their jobs.
★precision: n.[U]the quality of being very exact or correct 精确(性); 准确(性)
To improve the precision of gene testing, scientist needed to spell out the actual DNA sequence of disease-fostering genes.
为了提高基因测试的精度,科学家们需要阐明致病基因的DNA序列。
★foster: vt. heIp a skill, felling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time促进; 培养;助长
All classroom practice will be geared to encouraging and fostering not only students’ learning habits but also students’ creativity.
所有的课堂实践都将不仅鼓励和培养学生的学习习惯,还鼓励和培养其创造力:
12 On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesn’t contribute to their happiness. (Para, 5)
Meaning: On the other hand, laborers, whose only motive is making a living, feel that the time they spend on the boring daily work is wasted and doesn’t bring them happiness.
★incentive: n .[C,U] sth. that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc.刺激;动力;鼓励
My girlfriend’s interest in my job gave me an incentive, so I worked twice as hard.
女友对我工作的兴趣给了我动力,因此我加倍努力。
★livelihood: n . [C,U]the way you earn money in order to live生计
It was the lack of a basic livelihood that compelled the oppressed to fight for their survival.
正是由于无法维持基本的生计才迫使被压迫者为自身的生存而抗争。
13 Instead of valuing all hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gauge only the time spent in leisure and play as meaning. (Para.5)
Meaning: Instead of regarding all 24 hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they believe that only the time that they spend in leisure and play is meaningful.
★gauge: vt. make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have (根据所掌握的信息)估计,判断
If you want to gauge public opinion about the war, look at the local media coverage concerning the deaths of the soldiers.
如果你想判断舆论对这场战争的看法,看看当地媒体有关士兵牺牲的报道吧。n. [C] an instrument for measuring the size or amount of sth.测量仪器; 计量器; 量规
A gasoline gauge shows the amount of gasoline left in a car.
油表显示汽车剩余的油量。
14 Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers. (Para.5)
Meaning: Unfortunately, laborers are so common that they can be seen almost everywhere, and only a small percentage of the population is lucky to be workers.
★Commonplace: a. happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusual平常的;平凡的;不足为奇的
Paid vacations of two weeks or longer are a commonplace benefit in many companies.
两周或更长的带薪假期在很多公司都是常见的福利。
15 In recent decades，technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major economic changes by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor.(Para, 6)
新视野大学英语翻译答案 Unit 1 一. 汉译英 1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题 之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。 Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无疑义和 用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到 许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。 Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分 了。 He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 二. 英译汉 1.I’ll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding. Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有 价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。 2.No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures
BOOK TWO Unit 5 丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称"丝绸之路"。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了"一带一路"（One Belt, One Road）（即"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"）的战略构想。"一带一路"以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。 The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road. Unit 6 国民幸福指数（National Happiness Index，NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。随着中国经济的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群众的经济状况，满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。当前，中国政府提倡释放改革红利，让人民群众得到更多实惠。所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。 National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.
UNIT5 TESTA 克里夫·杨，令人意想不到的英雄 1 澳大利亚一年一度的悉尼至墨尔本的马拉松比赛全长875公里，被认为是世界上最艰难的马拉松赛事之一，对任何年龄段的世界顶尖运动员来说都是一项严酷的耐力考验。体能超好的年轻选手在赛前要进行数月的训练，而且还和像耐克和阿迪达斯这样著名的赞助商签约，这些赞助商通过强大的资金和装备支持机制为选手提供资助和装备。这项比赛历时七天，即使对那些为荣誉和奖金而赛的世界一流运动员来说，这项比赛也是对体能和力量的严峻考验。 2 1983年比赛那一天，克里夫·杨，一个牙齿已全部脱落的61岁的农民业余选手也来参加比赛。他脚穿橡胶靴，年龄也比其他选手大得多。没有人注意到这个外表古怪的老头，他就跟个隐身人差不多。聚集的人群以为克里夫只是来观看比赛的。当克里夫明确表示自己是来参赛的时候，他周围的世界级选手先是表示出明显的怀疑，继而予以鄙视。显然，人们认为这只是媒体的炒作而已。 3 但是媒体记者颇为好奇，所以当克里夫领好自己的参赛号码，走进配备昂贵的特殊装备的参赛选手队伍时，镜头对准了他，聚集的记者们向他抛来一个又一个问题。他们问：“你是谁？”“你来做什么？” 4 “我是克里夫·杨。我来自墨尔本郊外的一个大农场，我们在那里养羊。” 5 他们接着问道：“你为什么认为自己有能力参加这项比赛？跑完全程要花一周的时间，而且每晚的睡眠不足六个小时。” 6克里夫回答道：“我放羊时每一次都要跑上两三天。这项比赛只是需要再多花几天而已。我相信我可以做到。” 7 很快，马拉松比赛开始了，年轻的运动员把克里夫远远地甩在了后面。人们笑了，有些人还大声地笑，因为克里夫甚至连跑步的姿势都不正确。他跑步的样子怪极了，因为他似乎是在拖着脚走。随着比赛的进行，体育解说员和观众们的注意力都放到了那些领先的选手身上。想象一下第二天早上看到新闻报道说克里夫还在比赛的队伍里时，人们有多么惊奇！不仅如此，他还彻夜未眠，一直在跑。而且，看起来他决意要一直跑到终点，或一直跑到病倒或受伤为止，这正是许多观众现在开始担心的事情。他们变得不安起来，而且非常担心他的身心健康。许多人在说，甚至更多的人在想：“不用说，应该有人制止这疯狂的老头儿，免得他真的把自己弄伤！” 8 但是克里夫没有要停下的意思。虽然他仍然远远落后于那些世界顶级的选手，但他还一直坚持着。当他抵达一个大城镇时，有人问他对接下来的比赛有什么计划。他说他会继续跑下去，而且他也的确是这样做的。随着每一小时的流逝和迈出的每一次拖拖拉拉的步履，他一点一点地接近领先的选手们。事后，他告诉人们，整个比赛过程中他都很专注，他把自己想象成是在赶着羊群、努力与暴风雨抢时间。
Unit1 1. In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good. 2. Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger. After all, it is an adventure sport. 3. The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace. 4. It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will tell us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to "difficult" school experiences. 5. It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants. 6. In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people's lives. 7. The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it. 8. The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history. 9. Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time. 10. People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt
U1 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都会很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 老师回来的时候你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 我现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. UNIT2 被告是一位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 总体看来，枣，豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效地方法来解决这一问题。Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. UNIT4 从各方面讨论，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 尽管没有得到父母的赞同，他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. 这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而成名，小说的灵感来自他和一位姑娘来自农场的经历The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm. 有个故事说，US山姆大叔的缩写，它曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。One story says that “US”was short for “Uncle Sam”whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. UNIT5 直到看见弥留之际看见躺在场上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否活着。Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 整栋楼一片漆黑，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window. 这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.
Unit 5 Section A The Battle Against AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. Since then, AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans —half in the past few years alone. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die. Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged. One organization, the South Carolina AIDS Education Network, formed in 1985 to combat the growing number of AIDS cases. Like many local organizations, this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively. To reach more people in the community, some AIDS educational programs operate out of a beauty shop. The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to dry. She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments. It's amazing how many people she has educated on the job. Recently, the network began helping hair stylists throughout the Southeast set up similar programs in their shops. They are also valuable resources in spreading information to their schools, community groups, and churches. The organization has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against AIDS: Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications. These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces" to illustrate ways people can prevent AIDS. They also show people who look
Unit1 1.在一个充斥着错误信息的世界, 让学生学会识别真的、美的、好的信息是一个巨大的挑战。 (a formidable challenge, identify) In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good 2.任何形式的登山运动(mountaineering)都有其内在的危险性，毕竟它是一项冒险运动。(inherent) Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger .After all ，it is an advantage sport 3.那所大学将在一定程度上允许针对个人的授课，学生会得到符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方法和进度的课程设置。(tailored to) The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace 4.据说对学习过程的基因基础的理解能告诉我们哪些年青学子可能更快取得进步，哪些注定要有“艰难的”求学历程。(the understanding of the genetic basis of learning, doomed to) It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will tell us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to difficult school experience 5.据报道，在加拿大几乎有数以千计的江、湖不再能维持鱼和植物的生长。(literally） It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants 6.在文化普及率相对高的国家中，书籍对丰富人们的生活起着重要作用。(literacy rate) In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people’s lives 7.政府干预的实质向来都是限制和歪曲竞争，而不是鼓励竞争。(distort) The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it 8. 中国人民所从事的伟大改革事业是史无前例的。(without precedent in history) The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history 9.模拟考试训练不得推迟到临近正式考试时进行。(simulated examination) Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time 10.人们发现，在那个森林里狮子和狼常常协作搜寻活食。（hunt down） People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt down live animals by cooperative efforts VII Translation The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directly communicate with others are its greatest benefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information can travel at tremendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet uses hundreds of thousands of computers all connected to each other to store vast amount of information. And finally, because the Internet allows individuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people can easily communicate with one another. 1 可能除了教会以外，很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校/教育机构那样缺乏变化了 2 来自过去的参观者一眼就能辨认出现在的课程，但很难适应现今一个10岁孩子的校外世界 3 但变化在我们的世界中是如此迅速和明确，以至于学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面
新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译 Unit 1 The Way to Success 课文A Never, ever give up! 永不言弃！ As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。 在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有5 英尺5 英寸高，体重却有107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话：“年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！” Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas - none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships,
新视野大学英语课文翻译第四册 UNIT1 名气之尾 1 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐，不知道还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 2 对于一名正努力追求并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。追求出人头地，最乐观的说也困难重重，许多人到最后不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞美之类的不太纯洁的纯洁的动机却在激励着他们前进。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 3 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在唱歌、舞蹈、绘画或写作方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，经纪人会极力吹捧他们的这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎样成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。若表演者，画家或作家感到厌烦，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。公众的热情消磨以后，就回去追捧下一个走红的人。有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。公众对于他们借以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 4 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西.威廉斯的喜剧、欧内斯特.海明威的情节安排、罗伯特弗罗斯特或T.S艾略特的诗歌等。同样，像莫奈。雷诺阿、达利这样的画家、希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 5 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你，或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 6 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人得心灵这一整口井因此，一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍在这场名利的游戏中获胜。一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡.王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然固我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性行为方面影响了她的儿子。他听了她的话以后，大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了他的“好”名声。但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名誉损失费的要求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。他由于拒绝交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。在最糟糕的的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。 7 奇怪的是，收获最大的恰恰是失败者。他们收获了自由！他们可以自由地表达，独辟蹊径，不落窠臼不用担心失去崇拜者的支持。失败的艺术家寻求安慰时，可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是都是过世多年以后才成名的，或是他们没有出卖自己。他们也可以为他们的失败辩解：自己的才华实在过于高深，不是当代观众或听众所理解的得了的。 8 那些失败了却仍不肯放弃的顽固派也许会乐于知道，某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇，直至成功。美国小说家托马斯.乌尔夫第一本小说《向家乡看吧，安琪儿》被拒39次后，才最终得以出版。贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他音乐家潜质的偏见，成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。19世纪瑞士著名教育家斯泰洛奇原先干的工作没有一样成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一种新型教育模式的基础理论。托马斯.爱迪生四年级时被赶出了学校，因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝但不幸的是，对大多数人而言，失败是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。 9 对那些孤注一掷的追名逐利之徒，我要说：祝你们好运但是，遗憾的是，你会发现这不是你想得到的。狗自逐其尾得到的只是一条尾巴而已。获得成功的人常常发现成功对她来说弊大于利。所以，真要为真实的你、为自己的所为感到高兴，而不是拼命去获得成功。做哪些你为之感到骄傲的事情。可能在有生之年你默默无闻，但你可能创作了更好的艺术。 Unit 2 查理·卓别林 他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区，他所穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。他妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。狄更斯或许会创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色"流浪者"，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。 就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本和朝鲜，比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。卓别林在1913年永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。 3不幸的是，20世纪二三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的"流浪者"多少有点"粗俗"。中产阶级当然这样认为；劳动阶级倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或把皮靴后跟对准权势者宽大的臀部一踢。尽管如此，卓别林的喜剧乞丐形