高考英语精准培优专练∶名词(附解析)
一、单项选择名词
1．The two sides have finally reached a(n) _______ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).
A．announcement B．agreement C．amazement D．achievement
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管仍存在一些小分歧，但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcement宣告；B. agreement一致；C. amazement惊愕；D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知，此处表示“达成一致”，故B项正确。
2．事故现场
Scenery:指某地总的自然景色或风景全貌。
Sight:既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，多指人工的事物，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。
View:1.常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。
2.视野=sight
3.观点跟opinion同义。
根据本句句意可知，D选项正确。
3．As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progress.
A．privilege B．preference C．priority D．principle
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优先；D. principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。
4．We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now. A．instruction B．explanation
C．description D．application
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。
Ainstruction指示；Bexplanation解释；Cdescription描述；Dapplication申请。match description表示“匹配你的描述”，故C项正确。
5．When people need information, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first______ they turn to.
A．privilege B．source C．assistance D．outcome
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。A. privilege特权； B. source来源； C. assistance帮助，援助； D. outcome 结果。句意：当人们需要信息时，从新闻和天气预报到旅游套餐和学术研究，互联网现在是他们求助的第一个来源。结合句意可知答案为B。
6．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth．
A．response B．offence
C．commitment D．reaction
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：百分之百的投入到学习中去，尽管会既孤独又无趣，它却会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。A. response响应、反应；B. offence犯罪、违反；C. commitment承诺、献身；D. reaction反应、感应。commitment“承诺、献身”符合句意。故C选项正确。
7．As he was not allowed to her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. A．appointment B．ambulance C．accompany D．adjustment
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：由于不允许他陪她去商店，他给她列了一张购物单。A. appointment 约定；B. ambulance救护车；C. accompany陪伴；伴随；D. adjustment调整；调节。根据句意故选C。
8．—You’ve taken the lead in the test again. Can you share your ______ for success with us?— Remember, the early bird catches the worm.
A．bonus B．recipe
C．glory D．fancy
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：——你又在考试中领先了。你能和我们分享一下你成功的秘诀吗?——记住，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。A. bonus奖金；红利；B. recipe食谱；秘诀；C. glory光荣；荣誉；D. fancy幻想；想象力。根据句意故选B。
9．Yesterday we went to an _____ park where we were _____ by performances that we found _____ to watch.
A．amusement, amusing, amused B．amusement, amused, amusing C．amusing, amused, amusement D．amusing, amusing, amusement
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：昨天我们去了一个有趣的公园，那里的表演让我们很开心，我们觉得很有趣。以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。【点睛】
关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：
1. 以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。
2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。
10．To be honest, she had a great ______ for the small town where she grew up.
A．effect B．effort
C．affection D．patience
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。A. effect影响；B. effort努力；C. affection深情；D. patience耐心。短语have a great affection for sth. 意为“对某物钟爱，对某物有深挚的感情”。故选C。
11．Somehow Pavel’s words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the ________ to say “Ow” any
more, and when Pavel finished applying the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.
A．convenience B．trick C．impression D．urge
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很有意义，他克制住了想说“噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后，他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带，把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience方便；B. trick诡计，窍门；C. impression印象；D. urge强烈的欲望。根据句意故选D。
12．I have absolutely no ________ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.
A．impact on B．sympathy for
C．concern about D．complaint about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响；B. sympathy for同情；C. concern about担心；关心；D. complaint about投诉；对……抱怨。根据句意可知选B。
13．In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America. A．acceleration B．accomplishment
C．accumulation D．accommodation
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这本书里，作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速，促进；B. accomplishment成就，完成；C. accumulation积聚，累积；D. accommodation和解，膳宿。根据句意，故选D。
14．As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.
A．composition B．compromise C．complaint D．concept
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept
概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对------抱怨”，故选C。
15．They celebrate their wedding ________ every year.
A．advantage B．aim C．amount D．anniversary
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。A. advantage优势；B. aim目的；
C. amount数量；
D. anniversary周年纪念日。根据“They celebrate their wedding”可知，此处表示“结婚纪念日”，故D项正确。
16．﹣Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director？ It's said to be ________ great fun．
﹣No． I have been busy repairing all the broken office ________ these days．（）A．a； equipment B．the； equipments
C．/； equipment D．/；equipments
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：上文，你看了这部由那位著名导演导演的新电影了吗？据说很有趣。下文，没有。那些天我一直在忙于修理损坏的办公室设备。第一个空，抽象名词前不用冠词；第二个空，equipment是不可数名词，选C。
考点：考查冠词
17．The child is so full of ______ that he can’t keep quiet.
A．strength B．energy C．power D．force
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这孩子精力充沛，无法保持安静。A. strength力量；B. energy精力；活力；C. power权利；能力；D. force武力。根据句意故选B。
18．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为
B。
19．There is a general _____________ among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.
A．commitment B．composition C．calculation D．consensus
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：教师们普遍认为有必要加强学校的安全。A. commitment承诺，保证；B. composition作文；C. calculation计算，估计；D. consensus一致，舆论。根据among teachers about the need for greater security in schools可知，这是普遍的“舆论”。故选D。
20．“We trust that today’s talks will help create _________ on the Belt and Road Initiative as part of the efforts to build a global community of a shared future,” said Zhou Shuchun. A．consensus B．consequence C．compromise D．competence
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：周树春表示:“我们相信，今天的会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识，这是构建全球命运共同体努力的一部分。”A. consensus共识；B. consequence 结果；C. compromise妥协; D. competence 胜任。会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识。所以consensus“共识”符合句意。故选A项。
21．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。
22．Determination is a good ________ and that is what it takes to do anything well. A．quality B．standard C．principle D．motto
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心是一种好品质，它是做好任何事情所需要的。A. quality 品质；B. standard标准； C. principle原理；D. motto座右铭。决心是一种品质，故A项正确。
23．—It is reported that Fan Bingbing broke the law of tax.
—Well, the ________ for her is so heavy that it is a warning to high-incomers.
A．reward B．fare C．fine D．charge
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——据报道，范冰冰触犯了税法。——嗯，对她的罚款很重，这对高收入的人来说是个警告。A. reward报酬；B. fare公共交通费；C. fine罚款；D. charge费用。上一句说范冰冰触犯了税法，因此此处是说对她的处罚（罚款），故C项正确。
24．A new ______ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to the students.
A．approach B．means
C．method D．way
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A。
25．During the Song Dynasty, people played a game called cuju, which is regarded as the ______ of ancient football.
A．resource B．cause C．origin D．reason
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在宋朝，人们玩一种被称为蹴鞠的游戏，它被认为是古代足球的起源。A. resource 资源；B. cause原因；事业；C. origin起源；D. reason原因；足球是由古代的蹴鞠演变而来，也就是说蹴鞠是足球的起源。根据句意可知C项正确。
26．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ___ was seen at its best when he
worked with others.
A．aspect B．appearance C．talent D．character
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：他证明了自己是一个真正的绅士，当他和别人一起工作时，他的性格之美达到了极致。A. aspect方面；B. appearance外貌；C. talent才华，天才；D. character 性格，品质。根据句中a true gentleman 和when he worked with others.可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质，而不是外表或才华，故选D。
27．Children should not see the films full of violent (暴力的) .
A．sights B．views C．signs D．scenes
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights景象；B. views风景；看法；C. signs迹象；D. scenes场面；（戏剧的）一场。根据上文“the films full of violent ”可推断，此处指“电影中的场景”。故选D。
【点睛】
scene，view，sight，sign的区别。
1. sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：
The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。
We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。
Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。
2. view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景（fine natural scenery）。如：
From the window there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好地点。
The view was wonderful. If I’d had a camera, I would have taken some photo—graphs. 风景好极了，要是我带有照相机，我就照几张像了。
3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态的等。如：
There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。
As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of disorder. 他进入房间，面对的是一幅乱糟糟的场面。
4. sign 是符号，手势，迹象，指示牌的意思。
Headaches may be a sign of stress.
头痛可能是紧张的迹象。
The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands ’.
墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。
28．Winning ________ in the interna tional market, China’s high-quality products have brought us a good profit.
A．regulation B．devotion C．recognition D．insurance
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度；B. devotion奉献；C. recognition认可；D. insurance保险。分析句意可知，此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项，故选C。
29．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担；B. risk冒险；C. hole洞；D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用“负担减轻”符合题意。故选A。
30．—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A．recipe B．record C．range D．reflection
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——能告诉我你幸福长寿的秘诀吗？——一定每天都过得充实。A. recipe秘诀；食谱；B. record记录；C. range范围；D. reflection反射；沉思。根据句意故选A。
历年高考名词辨析题 1.There is a in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A.tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship 2.What’s the, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? A.Sympathy B. theme C. object D. point 3.Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my. A.Emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 4.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change. A.Result B. cause C. warning D. reflection 5.The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct . A.Solution B. target C. measure D. function https://www.doczj.com/doc/3917523419.html,st year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year. A.Average B. number C. amount D. quantity 7.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good . A.Expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 8.This restaurant has become popular for is wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A.Division B. area C. range D. circle 9.After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide for the homeless families. A.Accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture 10.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond . A.Hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure 11.I am trying to break the of getting up too late. A.Tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure 12.The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
名词 2004 1.The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ______ of 60 miles.【全国I28】 A. length B. distance C. way D. space 2.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ______.【天津26】 A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place 3.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ______ of little children.【湖北21】 A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 2005 4.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ______.【天津10】 A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 5.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.【上海43】 A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character 6.I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction.【浙江16】 A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 7.The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ______ all over the country.【辽宁27】 A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 8.My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.【安徽28】 A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 2006 9.It is no ______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.【全国II11】 A. use B. help C. time D. way 10.Finding information in today’s world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.【天津15】 A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 11.When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main ______ was the fear of water.【上海42】 A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger 12.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.【广东34】 A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 13.—If you like I can do some shopping for you. —That’s a very kind ______.【浙江17】 A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion 14.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ______.【辽宁32】 A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions 15.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses.【湖北21】 A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 16.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.【湖北23】 A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 17.At the meeting they discussed three different ______ to the study of mathematics.【湖北24】 A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 18.Always read the ______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.【福建35】 A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 19.It is said that dogs will keep you ______ for as long as you want when you are feelinglonely.【江西 28】 A. safety B. company C. house D. friend 20.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it.【陕西10】 A. in honour of B. in memory of C. in favour of D. in search of 2007
专题14 名词性从句——高效演练 一．单句语法填空 1．________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy． 【答案】That 【解析】空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引导该主语从句。 2．Children should be reminded of ________ they should do in public places． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“……的事情”，且what引导介词of后的宾语从句。故用what。 3．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ________ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional． 【答案】that 【解析】句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。 4．Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly．【答案】whether 【解析】根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意为“是否”，其前有介词on，故填 whether。 5．I lost my cell phone yesterday． Can you tell me ________ I can buy one? 【答案】where 【解析】where引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。 6．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind．【答案】that 【解析】it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that。 7．________ breaks the law will be punished． 【答案】Whoever 【解析】句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语，指人，并且表泛指，故用whoever。 8．She will give ________ needs help a warm support． 【答案】whoever 【解析】句意：凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知，应填whoever，在宾语从句中充当主语。 9．I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知，应填what，在同位语从句中作
名词及其用法辨析 高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组（短语）的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。 名词及其用法辨析 1)高考英语名词难点： 名词词义辨析、可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。注意辨别词义及其用法时要结合语境。以下几组词是常见易混词难点： （1）sound, noise与voice sound，noise和voice这三个名词都可表示“声音”，但是，它们表示的“声音”并不相同。 sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。如： At midnight he heard a strange sound.半夜里，他听到一种奇怪的声音。 Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。 noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如： Don’t make any noise!别吵闹!The noise wakes me up.噪音吵醒了我! voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音;而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。如：The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。They are talking in low voices.他们正小声交谈。 （2）family, house与home family, 家庭，更多人文属性；house, 房子，物质属性；home，指“家、住所”，指一个人（或一家人）居住的地方，也可指一个人出生或长大的地方（乡村、城市或国家等），它具有house所没有的感情色彩（如团聚、思念等），家，家不一定有house； family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”，与居住的房子无关。当family作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数；当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。如： Mr. Green's family is very large. 格林先生家里的人很多。 house 指“家”时含义较窄，仅指“房屋”这一建筑物，一般指独门独户的房子，不指楼房。如： New houses are going up everywhere. 到处都是新盖的房子。 There is a house near the river. 河边有座房子。 The American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow. 明天美国朋友要离开北京回国了。 Lin Chong left home for Liang Mountain. 林冲离开家到梁山去了。 （3）sight, view, scene与scenery sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。 We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。 view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景 （fine natural scenery）。如： From the window there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看 是一览无余的群山。 scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态的等。如： There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。
.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good mar ks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. …but after class we become stranger at once. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting marr ied next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday? 4. Most of them are woman doctors. 5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my father is rather old. 10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.
高考英语最新名词知识点专项训练及答案 一、选择题 1．This book gives a brief _______ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. A．outline B．output C．operation D．organ 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride. A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol 4．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 5．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 6．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 7．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom 8．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 9．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream 10．With the COVID-19 ______ quickly around the globe, the whole world are in a(n) ______ of shock. A．gathering, condition B．spreading, state C．to spread, approach D．to gather, style 11．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table. A．to great variety of B．great variety to C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to 12．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be. A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression 13．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous. A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China.
add in 添加；把…包括在内 add on插入；另外加上去 add to 增加 add sth to sth 把……添加到……中 add up 加起来 add up to 合计为 add noise 添加杂色；添加噪声 add weight to进一步证明；扩大影响；增强优势；加重 bear down压倒；加倍努力；逼近；竭尽全力 bear off赢得；驶离；使离开；博得 bear on 对…施加压力；与…有关；对…有影响；瞄准 bear with 宽容；耐心等待；忍受；容忍 bear oneself 举止，表现；为人处事 bear sth in mind 记住；考虑到=keep sth in mind bear the brunt of 首当其冲 bear market 熊市；空头市场；卖空市场 bear arms 携带武器；当兵 break away 放弃；逃跑；脱离；逃脱 break away from 放弃；脱离…… break down 发生故障；拆毁，毁掉；(在健康或精神等方面)(使)垮掉，垮下来；分解；失败；制服 break in 打断；闯入；训练；使逐渐习惯 break into闯入；非法闯入；破门而入；强行进入 break through 突破；突围；有重要创见 break of 放弃；改掉（习惯） break off 折断；突然停止，暂停 break out 爆发；突发 break out of 摆脱（束缚等）；突破… break up 关系破裂；打碎，破碎；结束，散会；解散；衰落 break with 结束；与…绝交，和…断绝关系；和…决裂 bring about 引起；[航]使掉头 bring along 带来；使……发展 bring back 拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来 bring down 降低；打倒，打死；击落 bring forward 提出；提前；结转 bring in 引进；赚得；生产；增加 bring on 导致；引起；使…发展 bring off救出；成功地做某事；圆满完成；使实现 bring out使……显示出来；出版；制造；使显露 bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；[航]（船等）停下 bring round使改变观点；说服；使恢复健康；使复苏
高考名词专项练习题题库 一、单项选择名词 1．The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _____ between what is right and wrong. A．distance B．distinction C．donation D．defense 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。 2．The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ____ from tradition. A．violation B．departure C．withdrawal D．separation 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词的词义辨析。A. violation违反，妨碍；B. departure离开，出发；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. separation分离，分开。句意：这个女孩没有得到家人的认可因为她与非洲人的婚姻被认为是背离传统的。结合句意可知答案为B。 3．As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progre ss. A．privilege B．preference C．priority D．principle 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优先；D. principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。 4．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语语法专题复习 一、名词Nouns 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词 1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词） 2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。 （由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。） 2、普通名词 物质名词：water,rice, oil, paper...... 1）不可数名词 抽象名词：health, trouble, work, pleasure, honor...... 注： ①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time. make a great progress. ②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ③不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ...... | | | | 各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水大片水域积雪 ④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties ⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper...... 2）可数名词： ①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ②有复数形式： a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（略） b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(pheno mena)； 注：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）......。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes...... e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们；表民族时复数+s），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词：family, public, group, class等。作为整体时，为单数；作为整体中的各个成员时， 为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）合成名词变复数时: a.只把复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式。如：