新标准大学英语4 B4U6教案

新编大学英语教案〔4〕Unit 6 RisksAims of TeachingMaster the words describing some risky activitiesImprove the students’ abilities of reading comprehension and writingKey PointsIntroducing the methods of locating the key sentence of each paragraph to sum up the whole textUsing multi-media teaching equipmentGroup-DiscussionLiving performanceUnit 6 RisksPart one preparation1> T and Ss list different jobs, and then Ss discuss the corresponding risks Jobs: nurse, psychiatrist, businessman, policeman, coal miner, lawyer, stockbroker, presidents, secretary, beggar, teacher, fighter pilot, accountant, footballplayer, interpreter, fireman, singer, civil servant, ambassador…Categorize them into three types: physical ones, financial ones, emotional ones 2> Which activity is riskier?Rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car, skiing, being a 65-year-old man, flying in an airplane, driving a motorcycle, and skydiving3> Issue discussion: Do you think CET-4 causes risks in the students? If there issome, what are they? <certificate, degree, emotional influence>In-Class Reading: Risks and You1. Words and expressions1. or other: <usu. used with somebody/something/somewhere, someday, somehow, etc.>expressing uncertainty or vagueness about a person, thing or place.a. The box is somewhere or other in the kitchen.箱子在厨房的某个地方。

精选教课教课方案设计| Excellent teaching plan教师学科教课方案[ 20–20学年度第__学期]任教课科： _____________任教年级： _____________任教老师： _____________xx市实验学校精选教课教课方案设计| Excellent teaching planTeaching plan （教课方案）Name马丽丽Module Book4M6School阿城区继电高中Type Language points andvocabulary learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students will1.know the structures to express possibility and improbability.2 know the meanings of monster attack hairy frightening grey exist sharp nail sighting seal surface dive calm unlikely volcanic cove ,etc.Key points and/or difficult points要点，难点Making sentences and doing writing with the vocabulary and phrases learned. Methodology & strategies (see reference 3 below )教课方法与教课策略Tasked-based method, cooperative learning strategy, individual andgroup work.Aids and/or Materials教课手段与教课资料PPT, Bb, students’page, etc.Teaching procedure教课过程Time Teacher ’ s activity(what and how )Students’ activity Why (objectives)时间教师指导活动学生活动，估计答案目标落实(what and how, possibleanswers )1Difficultsentencesparaphrasing Play a small game -----finding thetwin sister!T will ask Ss to read the sentenceon their piece of paper and decidewhether his/hers has the similarmeaning with the one on the screen.T will show the structures to expressSs will read the To motivate Sssentence on the paper and and meanwhiledecide whether his /hers help Ss understandis similar with the one on the passage wellthe screen.If the and learn tosentences are twins, the paraphrase theSs who recognize first difficult sentences.will stand up and readhis/hers out!Ss will make To check whether possibility and improbability.2 Words 1.T will ask Ss to tell the Chineselearning meaning of the words2. T will ask Ss to say out theChinese meaning as the Englishwords flashing on the screen not inthe order as above.sentences according to students can use the sentence structures them well.1.Ss will work in 1.To instruct Ssgroups of four to tell to recognize, the Chinese remember,meanings of the know and words after grasp finally comprehending the use the words.passage.2.To simulate 2.Ss will be tested Ss’interest to精选教课教课方案设计| Excellent teaching plan3Words 1.T will ask Ss to make twousing sentences in groups of four usingthe words listed on the screen.2.T will ask Ss to make sentences ora story using the words listed on thescreen as many as possible.3.T will ask Ss to read thefollowing passage and translate itinto Chinese with partners to seewhose story is good and use moregiven words.whether they really evolve the know the meanings word study byor not..playinggames.Ss will be encouraged to 1.To highlight the make sentences,even vocabularymake up stories,using consolidation.the words they have 2.To train writing learned.using the words.4After-clas Finish exercises on Sb---- rewrite consolidation s activity the sentences using the words in(homewo brackets on page 54.rk)Students' Page1.Possibility and improbability___________________________________________________________ 2.New wordsMonster________attack________hairy________ frightening________grey________exist________ sharp________nail________sighting________ seal________surface________dive________calm________ unlikely________volcanic________cover________3.Make sentences___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4.Make up a short story.___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ The “Monster of Lake Tianchi”appears in the news again.The “Monster of Lake Tianchi ”is reported in the news again.He says that he saw a a round black creature swimmingin the water quicklyHe says that there was a round black creature swimmingquickly through the water.Many people believe that perhaps the monster is adistant cousin of theMany people think it is probable that the monster is a distant cousin of theThey say may not be able to support such large living creatures.They say i s impossible to support such large living creatures.。

Unit 6 All in the past(Book 4, New Standard English)Section 1 Lead-inActivity 1 Historical events1066 the Norman Conquest1415 the Battle of Agincourt1588 the Defeat of Armada1805 the Battle of Trafalgar1889-1902 the Boer War1915-1916 the Battle of Gallipoli1940 Dunkirk Evacuationthe Battle of Britainthe Blitz1066: the Norman ConquestThe Norman conquest of England began in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy from France (later he was called William the Conqueror), and his victory at the Battle of Hastings in the south coast of England.1415: The Battle of AgincourtThe battle was a major English victory in the Hundred Years' War. King Henry V's victory against a numerically superior French army crippled France and started a new period in the war during which Henry married the French king's daughter and then Henry's son, Henry VI, was made heir to the throne of France.1588: the Defeat of Armada1588: the Armada, a Spanish fleet attempting to invade England, was defeated by the army of Elizabeth I. This event had changed the balance of power in the 16th century Europe.1805: the Battle of Trafalgar1805: the Battle of Trafalgar, a naval battle in Trafalgar, a seaport in south-west Spain was won by the British Admiral Lord Nelson.1889-1902: the Boer War1889-1902: the Boer War in South Africa between British and Dutch settlers (Boers), won by the British.1915-1916: the Battle of Gallipoli1915-1916: the Battle of Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I, between the AlliedForces (同盟国) and the old Ottoman Empire of Turkey, with support from the Central Forces (协约国), with huge casualties (伤亡人数）on both sides.1940: Dunkirk EvacuationThe British force had to retreat from Dunkirk, a French channel port. All the soldiers were rescued, many by small fishing boats, and this was seen as a triumph.1940: the Battle of BritainA series of air battles in World War II, which fought over Britain from August to October 1940. The British defeated the German air force, and stopped Hitler’s plan to invade the UK.The Blitz (German: lightning)The Blitz (German: lightning): the bombing of London in from September 7, 1940 to May 10, 1941 by the German air force during World War II. London was bombed for 76 consecutive nights, with more than 1 million houses destroyed or damaged and about 20,000 civilians (平民) killed.Activity 2 Listening in: Winston ChurchillHis multiple identities:a statesman, an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer and an artist.His personality:•rebellious Nobel Prize winning writer vs. poor academic performance at school•speech impediment vs. an eloquent speakerActivity 3 Listening in ---- Winston Churchill’s speechWhich of the lines did Churchill say in a speech?√(a) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.(b) Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.(c)In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.Listen & fill in the blanks.Blood, Toil, Tears and SweatMay 13, 1940 First Speech as Prime Minister to House of CommonsI have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering.我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。

Unit6Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Winston Churchill?(a) Head of the British Army.(b) President of the US.(c) British Prime Minister.2 Which of these events is Churchill most famously associated with?(a) World War I.(b) World War II.(c) The English Civil War.3 Which of the lines did Churchill say in a speech?(a) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.(a quote from Winston Churchill in 1940 on becoming Prime Minister)(b) Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.(a quote from John Kennedy on inauguration as US President, 1961) (c) In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.(a quote from Martin Luther King Jr.)2 Read the first paragraph of the passage and predict what the passage is likely to be about.The passage is .(a) an extract from a biography of Churchill(b) a pen portrait of Churchill(c) a comparison of important historical peopleWinston ChurchillReading and understanding3 Number the events in the order they happened.5 The allied forces declared victory in World War II.3 Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty.4 Churchill became Prime Minister.1 Churchill fought in the Boer War.6 Churchill lost the general election.2 Churchill elected to the British Parliament.4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 In the summer of 1940, Britain (a).(a) was likely to be attacked by another country(b) was surrounded by enemies(c) was intending to attack another country(d) had been attacked by another country2 Churchill suggested that Britain (b).(a) would win a terrible victory(b) needed to fight a difficult war(c) must prevent a terrible crime(d) was a democratic country3 Winston’s father thought he was (c).(a) an intelligent and handsome boy who would be rich(b) a strong and brave boy who would fight for his country(c) a weak, miserable boy, unlikely to be successful(d) a hard-working boy who would follow in the family tradition4 The writer suggests that as an MP Churchill (d).(a) promoted the interests of trade unionists(b) was not interested in law and order(c) disliked the attitude of the suffragettes(d) used the army to suppress people who wanted to change society5 The writer suggests that Churchill’s early ambition was (a).(a) to be an important military man(b) to play with soldiers(c) to win a war(d) to live in a palace6 Winston fought as an ordinary soldier because (c).(a) he was married to a younger woman(b) he became depressed(c) he felt guilty about a battle that went wrong(d) he wanted to write about the war7 In 1940 Churchill (b).(a) agreed with Neville Chamberlain(b) inspired people to believe they could win the war(c) declared that the King wanted him to be Prime Minister(d) won a victory at Agincourt8 At the end of the passage, the writer suggests that Britain (d).(a) no longer needed democracy(b) had forgotten all about Churchill(c) summed up the character of Churchill(d) had survived the war thanks to Churchill5 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Churchill came from a famous family and was a soldier and politician. When Churchill became PrimeMinister in 1940, Britain was at war. Churchill made speeches that inspired the nation, and led the country tovictory. Although he was considered a great military leader, Churchill lost the general election after the war.Dealing with unfamiliar words6 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 willing to accept someone else’s beliefs or way of life without criticizing them (tolerant)2 a system of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them(democracy)3 willing to support, work for or be a friend to someone, even in difficult times (loyal)4 being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement (renowned)5 the things that you will do or the type of person that you will become in the future (destiny)6 a peaceful and private place where you can go in order to rest (retreat)7 to frighten or hurt someone who is smaller and weaker than you (bully) 7 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words inActivity 6.Churchill believed that he was (1) destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War Iand led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such (2) renown as Churchillcould not count on the (3) loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a (4) democratic country, electors cannotbe (5) bullied, and he had to (6) tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to hiscountry (7) retreat, Chartwell.8 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered. (surpassed)2 The situation can only get worse; it will never improve. (degenerate)3 Although he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition. (shabby)4 He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier.(swapped)5 At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country. (onset)6 Churchill drank a lot of alcohol. (liquor)7 Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli. (makeamends)9 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If a government is a monstrous tyranny, is it (a) terrible and oppressive, or (b) democratic and tolerant?2 If something is lamentable, is it (a) surprising, or (b) disappointing?3 If you pack someone off, do you (a) protect them, or (b) send them away?4 If someone talks with a stammer, do they talk (a) in a confident way, or (b) with difficulty?5 Does double up as mean (a) to do two jobs at the same time, or (b) to doa job more than once?6 Is a dispatch (a) a report that you send, or (b) something you experience?7 Is sanity (a) a mental illness, or (b) the ability to think and speak reasonably?8 If you suffer a bout of flu, does the flu last (a) a short time, or (b)a long time?9 Does unswervingly describe someone whose feelings (a) often change, especially if circumstanceschange, or (b) are constant, even if circumstances are difficult?10 If you brandish something, do you (a) hide it in a pocket, or (b) wave it in the air?11 Does infuriating describe someone who (a) makes you angry, or (b) is very easy to get on with?12 Is eccentricity (a) strange and unusual behaviour, or (b) normal behaviour?Reading and interpreting10 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.1 In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion. At that crucial time, one man,Winston Churchill, defined what it meant to be British.In what way do you think Churchill personified Britain?The leader of a country represents it. Churchill’s determination to win and strength of charactersummed up the nation’s feelings.2 You ask what is our policy? … You ask what is our aim?Who asks these questions? Who answers them? What effect does this have? The people who ask these questions are the members of Parliament he was addressing, and beyondthem the British people wondering what their new government would do. By answering them Churchillshows his leadership. The questions also give the speech form and rhythm.3 … with all our might and with all our strength …Might and strength have similar meanings, why are both words used?The use of these two words which are similar in meaning creates emphasis (as do the two alls), andso expresses determination as well as a warning that it will be a total struggle. There is also perhaps areassurance that the country has considerable resources.4 People talk of 1066, of the Armada, of Trafalgar. But 1940 was the most important year in Britishhistory. It was the year of Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Blitz.The first set of battles covered more than 700 years of British history. The second set all happened in1940. What is the effect of putting these lists together?It shows how much was packed into that one year of total crisis. It was equal to all that went before.5 If Britain–its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartedness–had to be summed up in oneperson, it was him.Does a nation have a character? What is the writer saying about Britain and about Churchill?The writer thinks a country has certain values its people believe in and therefore try to show. Theseare the qualities he thinks are treasured by the British, ones which Churchill had in full. It is possiblethat patriotism gives each country a rather exaggerated sense of its own virtues, but it is also true thatdifferent cultures do emphasize different aspects of lifeActive reading (2)2 Work in pairs. Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What is a historical fact?(a) Anything that happened in the past.(b) Something significant that happened in the past.Comment: (a) is true in a sense, but most facts like that are of no interest or can be easily forgotten. Toreally become part of history the fact must be worth recalling.2 What does a historian do?(a) Establish accurately what happened in the past.(b) Decide which facts are important and interpret their significance. Comment: Historians need true facts, which are not much use until they are interpreted and used. So (a)has some truth, but (b) far more.The historian and his factsReading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What is the relationship between archaeology and history? Archaeology is an auxiliary science of history, for example, it supplies facts which can then beinterpreted by historians, eg pottery is dug up and dated so we know a certain group lived there at acertain time. This may or may not affect our view of the past.2 Why does the writer say it is not true that “facts speak for themselves”? There are an infinite number of facts about the past. They only matter if we pay attention to them andsee them as significant.3 How and why are historians selective?Historians present us with facts which they think give us an understanding about the past, and chooseones which support their ideas.4 What is the difference between a fact about the past and a fact of history?A fact about the past is anything which ever happened; a fact of history is a fact which historians debatethe meaning of and regard as significant for understanding the tale of humanity.4 Check ( ) the true statements.1 Historians only need to record facts accurately.2 Historians need to know how to determine the origins of historical facts. √3 Historians select the facts they need to support their interpretation. √4 Historians decided that Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon was asignificant historical event.√5 People continue to believe in the existence of facts without ahistorian’s interpretation, even thoughsuch a belief is ridiculous.6 The event at Stalybridge Wakes in 1850 is a well-established historical fact.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a written or spoken comment about something that you have seen, heard or felt (observation)2 wood used for building houses or making furniture (timber)3 secondary, not principal or main (auxiliary)4 a small piece of a larger object that has broken, often into a lot of pieces (fragment)5 very detailed and complicated (elaborate)6 the process of choosing one person or thing from a group (selection)7 not important and not worth worrying about (petty)8 a serious disagreement (dispute)9 to make a formal suggestion (propose)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 His proposal proved popular and the meeting accepted it unanimously.2 It’s the elaboration / elaborateness of the decoration that makes the building special.3 The evidence was very fragmentary and it was difficult to get a complete picture.4 The historian selects the important facts and arranges them to fit his theory.5 Restoration is an auxiliary science which helps art historians find out the age of a painting and the artist.6 The pettiness of his arguments meant that they weren’t important or worth taking seriously.7 These ancient timbered buildings were constructed of wood from the nearby forest.8 They disputed the truth of the theories for a long time.9 They observed that there was more than one interpretation of the facts.7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does decipher mean to (a) read a text easily, or (b) work out the meaningof a secret or obscure text?2 Is an inscription (a) something written or carved on something to record an important event, or (b)something recorded or spoken?3 Is a motto (a) a short statement of what someone believes, or (b) an extended argument?4 Is orientation likely to mean (a) a way of doing something, or (b) an attitude or belief?5 Is a fallacy likely to be (a) a mistaken belief, or (b) something that’s obviously true?6 If you eradicate something, do you (a) establish it, or (b) remove it completely?7 Is a seconder someone who (a) comes second in a race, or (b) supportsa proposition at a meeting?8 If someone or something relapses, does it (a) return to its previous state, or (b) disappear?9 If someone does something gallantly, do they do it (a) daringly and successfully, or (b) bravely, butunsuccessfully?Language in usethanks to …1 Rewrite the sentences using thanks to …1 Because of Churchill’s leadership and example, we showed courage and determination.Thanks to Churchill’s leadership and example, we showed courage anddetermination.2 Because of their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.Thanks to their loyalty to king and country, young Winston was brought up to serve the UK.3 At school he was bullied because of his lisp, stammer and ill-health. At school he was bullied thanks to his lisp, stammer and ill-health.4 Because of his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England asa hero.Thanks to his dispatches from the Boer War, he returned to England as a hero.5 Because of school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wanted to be a general.Thanks to school holidays playing in Blenheim Palace, he had always wantedto be a general.6 He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty because of the disaster at Gallipoli.He lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty thanks to the disaster at Gallipoli.7 Because of his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression. Thanks to his wife Clementine, he managed to control his depression.8 Because of his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.Thanks to his prediction about Germany, King George VI invited him to form a government.unpacking complex sentences2 Look at the sentences from the passage The historian and his facts and answer the questions.1 To praise a historian for his accuracy is like praising an architect for usingwell-seasoned timber orproperly mixed concrete in his building.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is is.(b) What is like praising an architect?To praise a historian.(c) What kind of historian and architect are compared?Good, efficient historians and architects are compared.2 It is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to rely on what have been called the“auxiliary sciences” of history – archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology, and so forth.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is is (the first one).(b) What are examples of the auxiliary sciences of history? archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology.(c) Why is the historian entitled to rely on them?Because they are scientific fields with reliable results.3 In spite of C. P. Scott’s motto, every j ournalist knows today that the most effective way to influenceopinion is by the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.(a) What is the main verb?The main verb is knows.(b) What do journalists want to know?The most effective way to influence opinion.(c) How do they do this?By the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.(d) Does C. P. Scott’s motto support this way of doing things?No, C. P. Scott, a famous newspaper editor, said “Comment is free, but facts are sacred.” The mottodoesn’t support this way of doing things..4 The fact that you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot, or on a bicycle, or in a car, is just asmuch a fact about the past as the fact that Caesar crossed the Rubicon.(a) What is the first fact? How many alternative first facts does it have? The first fact is about how you arrived. There are two alternatives: You arrived on a bicycle or in a car.(b) What is the main verb?The main verb is is.(c) What is as much a fact about the past as Caesar crossing the Rubicon? How you arrived.5 It may be that in the course of the next few years we shall see this fact appearing first in footnotes, thenin the text, of articles and books about 19th-century England, and that in 20 or 30 years’ time it may bea well-established historical fact.(a) What’s the main verb?The main verb is may be.(b) When will this fact first appear?In the course of next few years.(c) Where will it first appear?It will first appear in footnotes of articles and books about 19-century England.(d) Where will it appear next?The text of articles and books about 19-century England.(e) What will happen next?It will be regarded as a well-established historical fact.(f) When will it happen?In 20 or 30 years’ time.collocations3 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 swap This word usually means to replace one thing with another.(a) So what happens when a student in China swaps places with a student in the US?The Chinese student goes to America and the American student comes to China.(b) If two families each has a house, what happens when they agree to do a house swap?Family A goes to live in Family B’s house and vice versa.(c) What happens if you take an item of clothing back to a shop and swap it for another size or colour?You hand back the first one and the shop gives you another one of different size / colour without anyfurther payment.2 loyal When you’re loyal to someone, you’re willing to work for someone or be their friend even indifficult circumstances.(a) What kind of person is a loyal customer?One who always uses the products or services of a particular business, eg the customer only buysdrinks / coffee in Starbucks.(b) Why do shops offer customers a loyalty card?To encourage customers to keep on coming back.(c) If you have mixed loyalties towards two people or organizations, do you want to be loyal to both orneither?Both.3 dispute A dispute is a serious disagreement, especially one between groups of people that lasts for along time.(a) What kind of facts are beyond dispute?The facts no one argues against.(b) If something is in dispute, do people agree or disagree about it? People disagree about it.(c) If something is open to dispute, do people agree or disagree about it?People disagree about it – it is a matter of opinion.4 observation This word refers to the process of watching someone or something carefully, in order tofind out about it. An observation is a comment about something you have seen, heard or felt.(a)If someone makes an interesting observation about someone or something,what do they do?They make an interesting comment about it which attracts the listener.(b) If you enter hospital under observation, what are the doctors tryingto do?The doctors are watching you to see how your problem develops.(c) What would a soldier do from an observation post?To keep watch on what is happening nearby.5 petty This word usually means small, unimportant or minor.(a) What kind of crime is a petty crime?Such crimes as shoplifting sweets, not paying your bus fare etc. (b) Do you think petty cash is a large or small amount of money?Petty cash is a small amount of money, eg cash kept in an office for paying any small charges such asextra postage.(c) Is a petty officer in the navy likely to be of high or low rank?A petty officer in the navy is likely to be of low rank.4 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.The historian is not required to have the special skills which enable the expert to determine the origin andperiod of a fragment of pottery or marble, to decipher an obscure inscription, or to make the elaborateastronomical calculations necessary to establish a precise date. These so-called basic facts which are thesame for all historians commonly belong to the category of the raw materials of the historian rather thanof history itself. The second observation is that the necessity to establish these basic facts rests not on anyquality in the facts themselves, but on a priori decision of the historian. In spite of C. P. Scott’s motto,every journalist knows today that the most effective way to influence opinion is by the selection andarrangement of the appropriate facts. It used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of course,untrue. The facts speak only when the historian calls on them: It is he who decides to which facts to givethe floor, and in what order or context. It was, I think, one of Pirandello’s characters who said that a factis like a sack – it won’t stand up till you’ve put something in it. The only reason why we are interestedto know that the battle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians regard it as a major historicalevent. It is the historian who has decided for his own reasons that Caesar’s crossing of that petty stream,the Rubicon, is a fact of history, whereas the crossing of the Rubicon by millions of other people beforeor since interests nobody at all. The fact that you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot, or on abicycle, or in a car, is just as much a fact about the past as the fact that Caesar crossed the Rubicon.历史学家不需要掌握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或大理石残片的起源与断代、解读一段意义隐晦的铭文的含义、或是为确定一个准确的日期而进行繁复的天文计算。

Unit 1 Nine to FiveSection 1 Lead-in1.Video and QuestionsWatch the video and answer the questions.Clip One.1). Why is the girl, Ryden Malby, screaming in the end?Clip Two.1). What does Ryden respond to the question “What are you up to” at the party?2). What does she say about her situation?Clip Three.1). Watch the clip to see if there is any difference between the three fathers’attitudes and behaviors? Which one do you prefer?2.Discussion1) What is the first problem facing the students leaving university?2) How do you think they will react if they can’t find a job?3) What do you think their parents will do if they can’t find a job?3. Listening in1). Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. For many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008 and 2009 because of the economic downturn – then a recession (萎缩). After their final exams, some student’s rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. The article addresses the problem of such new graduates who might be stuck at home. The style is partly of a report, but also of a humorous comment for light entertainment.2). Listen to the passage and answer the questions.① Why are there more graduates looking for jobs?Because universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years.② Why did the competitive situation of job market become even worse in 2008?Because of the credit crunch and economic depression that year.③ What is the advice the author gives to t he students?Active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t find employment by lying on the sofa at home.Listening Script:Universities in Europe, especially in Britain, have expanded greatly in the lastfifteen years, so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which means that there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t find employment by lying on the sofa at home.Section 2 Passage Learning1.Background informationCultural Note: Honors Degree1)Most people get a second.2)Traditionally, in the British university system, BA (文学学士) and BS (理学学士) are awarded in different categories: a first class degree (I), a second (IIi or IIii called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree.3)There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without thesecategories.Key: 2,1,3Generation Y and Grunt1). Work in pairs and answer the question. How to name the generations and characterize them?2). Why is Generation Y is also called Generation Grunt?Complete the passage with the words in the box.express children available experienceIt is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work – this may be the only work available to some graduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience .“Grunt” also refers to coarse behavior or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig. When people “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!2.Text organizationGeneral structure:Problems after graduation↓Advice for dealing with the problemsDetailed structure:↓viewpoints↗ ↗ ↖ ↖parents(Paras 1-2) author(Para 3) graduates (Paras 4-6) mother(Paras 7-9)Psychotherapi← author(Para 16)(Paras 10-15)↓ ↓Parents’ balance:positive → not making More exampleslife too comfortable↓Better for fathersto help boys after a job setback.↓It’s a good idea toget some jobs like bar work, shelf-stacking.rmation analysisWork in pairs. Look at the sentences and discuss the implied meanings unsaid. 1）“Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this qu estion? What mood does it express?The parents are asking the question.The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever”suggests that getting a job will take a long time.2）Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? I s it a fair description?This is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society, but they have nothing particular to rebel against.This does not seem very fair because the students are trying to find work – it is just that they don’t like their parents nagging them.3）[Jack] “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”.What does this suggest about Jack’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting and without trying to ask about jobs or careers.4）Jack spent the summer “hiding”.Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5）How is Mrs. Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude. She left school and went immediately to a job (without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic and takes a soft line.6）How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her own personal experiences?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerial photographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates are good at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experience thus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7）What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of view of the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit after their hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, then they can start a serious search for employment after that.4.Theme Discussion1） Do you think the Goodwins are good parents?Yes. If they take a hard line with Jack, it will just make him angry: He has already tried to find work and he needs rest and sympathy now. His parents are letting him go to South America. But after that he will have to make a more serious effort and he’ll need to contribute to the h ousehold budget, which means he must find work then. So the soft line is the best approach.No, their soft line is not good enough. They should insist that he make more effort and they should actively help him to find work, even a temporary job. Their soft approach just encourages him to delay and by the time he comes back from his holiday all the likely jobs will have been taken. So they are not really helping at all.How can they let him take a three week holiday abroad when he hasn’t got a job to come back.2） Which advice Lindenfield gives to parents do you agree with (if any), and why?I agree with her advice that parents should strike the right balance between beingpositive and understanding without making life too comfortable, otherwise students will not look for a job. Her advice about working in a bar or supermarket seems sensible too, because one job can lead to another.3 ）Is Jack’s point of view that he doesn’t want to do temporary bar work justifiable?No. He thinks that kind of work is a dead-end job and not suitable for him. But he’s wrong because he has the wrong attitude toward work. A new graduate may expect to start at the bottom: That’s OK while you get experience. If you have a good attitude and work well, you will soon be promoted or you can find a much better job later. He’s unrealistic, I think.4） Do you agree that men can give boys better advice than women when they are stuck in setbacks? Why / Why not?Yes. Men will understand the male point of view better and conversely women will understand a female point of view better. So each gender will give the best advice to someone of their own gender.No, to understand setbacks in the search for work is not a gender issue. I think anyone who knows the situation can give good advice, whether they are male or female.5）Do you think the passage is a fair overview of the problem of graduate unemployment?No, because there is no mention of those who persistently apply for many jobs but don’t get interviews or offers of employment. The article seems to suggest that new graduates sit around at home, but I know many people who really search hard for work. Some find it, some don’t. It’s easy to say that this is a matter of luck, it is a matter of having a positive attitude and being flexible about the first job – you can always change your field of work later.5.SummaryListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.This text is a newspaper article with individual examples of job searching and problems after graduation. The problems are examined from different people’s viewpoints: paren ts’ attitudes towards their jobless children, students’ quote about looking for jobs, psychologists’ summery of the viewpoints of parents and advice for dealing with the problems, and the author’s own comments. In the end the author concludes that if the graduates cannot find an ideal job, they can takea temporary one.6．Language pointsDifficult sentences1.Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat welland go to the odd party, began to fade. (Para 1)2. I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’and talking in language that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)3. I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to the good university, … (Para 6)4. Carry on life as normal and don’t al low them to abuse your bank account or sapyour reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)5. After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Words to note:1. revert2. comprehensive3. proceed4. transitionPhrases:1. in the same boat2. come full circle3. take a soft/hard line4. strike the right noteUseful expressions:Section 3 ExercisesInstructionsCompulsory Work:1. Learn all the new words and expressions of this unit (Vocabulary Handbook).2. Complete Ex. 3-7 on P5-6. (Ex. 3-4 should be finished when students preview the text.)3. Read the passage in “Active reading (2)” after class and finish Ex. 4-7 on P9.4. Read the passage in “Reading across cultures” after class and finish Ex. 1 on P14.5. Finish “Language in Use” on P12-13.Compulsory Work:1. Learn all the new words and expressions of this unit (Vocabulary Handbook).2. Complete Ex. 3-7 on P5-6. (Ex. 3-4 should be finished when students preview the text.)3. Read the pas sage in “Active reading (2)” after class and finish Ex. 4-7 on P9.4. Read the passage in “Reading across cultures” after class and finish Ex. 1 on P14.5. Finish “Language in Use” on P12-13.Keys – Active reading (1) (P4)Reading and understanding2. Choose the best answer to the questions.1. c2. b3. a4. c5. c6. dDealing with unfamiliar words: 31. proceed2. transition3. detached4. upcoming5. slump6. revert7. recountDealing with unfamiliar words: 41. transition2. slumped3. proceed4. recounting5. detached6. upcoming7. revertDealing with unfamiliar words: 51. comprehensive2. cop3. aerial4. clutched5. advocate6. healedDealing with unfamiliar words: 61. b2. a3. a4. a5. bDealing with unfamiliar words: 71. b2. b3. a4. a5. a6. a7. a8. aKeys – Active reading (2) (P9)Reading and understanding2. Choose the best answer to the questions.1. a2. d3. a4. b5. c6. cDealing with unfamiliar words: 41. amusing2. fortunately3. loan4. deduct5. highlight6. sympathize7. demandingDealing with unfamiliar words: 51. sympathize2. fortunately3. loan4. demanding5. amusing6. highlight7. deductedDealing with unfamiliar words: 61. belongings2. dropouts3. gamble4. exceeded5. odds6. thriving7. honestyDealing with unfamiliar words: 71. b2. b3. a4. a5. b6. a7. a8. a9. aKeys – Language in use (P12)1. word formation: compound nounsLook at the sentences from the passage Looking for a job after university? First, getoff the sofa.… proudly clutched his honors degree for his graduation photo.I don't want to do bar work.Paying for career consultations, train fares to interviews or books …It's a great antidote to graduate apathy.Now write the compound nouns which mean:1) a degree which is awarded a first classa first-class degree2) work in a hospitalhospital work3) a ticket for a plane journeya plane ticket4) a discount for studentsa student discount5) a pass which allows you to travel on busesa bus pass6) a room where an interview is heldan interview room7 ) a period spent in traininga training period2. word formation: noun phrasesLook at the sentences from the passage Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa .… most in these financially testing times have no idea what to do next.Now write the noun phrases which mean:1) a career which is rewarding from the financial point of viewa financially rewarding career2) legislation which has been introduced recentlyrecently introduced legislation3) instructions which are more complex than usualunusually complex instructions4) an institution which is orientated towards academican academically orientated institution5) work which makes physical demands on youphysically demanding work6 ) information which has the potential to be importantpotentially important information7） candidates who have been selected after a careful procedurecarefully selected candidates8） a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifullya beautifully planned course book3. try as … mightLook at the sentence.I try very hard to stay cheerful, but all I ever get is hassle.You can rewrite it like this:Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle.Now rewrite the sentences using try as … might.1）I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2）I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3）I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I ca n’t help thinking about my family.4）He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Keep trying as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves./ Keep trying as he might to get the promotion he des erves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5） I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Keep trying as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.4. given that …Look at the sentence.Since I had a good degree, I thought I’d like to go on to get my master’s.You can rewrite it like this:Given that I had got a good degree, I thought I’d like to go on to get my master’s. Now rewrite the sentences using given that ....1） Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad. 2） Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3) Since we’re a ll here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4) Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.5. clauses introduced by thanLook at the sentences from the passage Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa.He … has seen more daytime television than is healthy.Lindenfield believes that men are often better at helping their sons, nephews, or friends’ sons than are mothers and sisters.Now rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than.1)She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.I’m more experienced at giving advice than is she.2）You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too more chocolate than is good for you.3） She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than do most part-timers.4） You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late too more times than is acceptable.5）I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.6. collocationsRead the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1）highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national awardfor the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it with a pencil or pen or you can use highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents from being scored. 2） loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy houses.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?The best way is to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3） thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive best.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical plants and trees thrive.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other, or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7. Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好。