英语四级写作常用短语
开头部分：
1.In order to…
2.The goal …目的
3.it guarantees that…
4.According to a recent survey…
5.With…随着…
6.Nowadays
中间部分：
7.one obvious problem is that…
8.another is that…
9.Everything has two sides.
10.b e blamed for…
11.o ne of the most important ones…
12.B esides…
结尾部分：
13.i n my opinion…
14.o n the other hand…
15.O nly in this way…(后面的句子要用部分倒装)
16.I t’s necessary that…(此句要用虚拟语气，即后面的句子的动词要
(shoule)+动词原形)
17.B y these ways.
18.p ay more attention to(介词)
19.A s for me 对我来说
20.W hat I’m concerned most is …我最关心的是……………………其他的………………………………………………
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3818087921.html,ck of …
2.traditional virtues 传统美德
3.not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句
时，第一个从句主谓要倒装
Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.
4. behaviors
5. eliminate vt. 消除；排除
6.
大学英语四级写作常用 短语 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
大学英语四级写作常用短语1．经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2．人民生活水平的显着提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5．人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8．不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12．一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14．就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16．双方的论点 argument on both sides 17．发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18．对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
初中英语作文常用谚语推荐 古老的谚语是文化的沉淀和结晶~来学学下面这些高频谚语~让它为咱们的作文增加闪光点~ （一）关于勤奋 1. No pains，no gains. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 4. Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。 5. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 6. Success only means working hard all one's life .成功只意味着终身不懈的努力。(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫) 7. I have nothing to offer but blood , hard work and tears .我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳和眼泪。(英国政治家丘吉尔. W.) （二）关于学习方法 1. Learning without thinking is a dangerous thing. 学而不思则罔。 He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in danger. 学而不思者罔，思而不学则殆。 2. It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 3. Well begun is half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 5. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 6. Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 7. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。Little by little one goes far. 千里之行，始于足下。 8. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 9. He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后笑得最好。 10.Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 11. One tree can’t make a forest. 独木不成林。 12. Habit is a second nature. 习惯成自然。 13. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 14. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马 15. No man can do two things at once. 一心不可二用。 （三）关于自强自信 1. Where there is a will, there is a way . ( Thomas Edison , American inventor ) 有志者，事竟成。(美国发明家爱迪生. T.) 2. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3. Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 5. Confidence doesn't need any reason. If you're alive , you should feel 100 percent confident. 自信不需要理由,生活应该保持100分的自信 6. Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的
四级短语及常用词组大全 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下 2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3.at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5.lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 13. in the course of 在～～过程中 in the middle of 在～中间 in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里 in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在～～前夕 on the side of 在～～一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
常用短语1. at the thought of一想到…- 2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论- 3. at will 随心所欲- 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有- 5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解- 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，- 7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地- 8. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同…。不一致- 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地- 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据- 11. on one’s own acco unt- 1) 为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利 益- 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责- 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己- 12. take…into account(=consider)把..。考虑进去- 13. give sb. an account of 说明，解释(理由)- 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明。- 15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。- 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)-17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告- 18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。- 19. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉- 20. act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理- 21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于- 22. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编，改写(以适应新的需要)-23. in addition (=besides) 此外，又，加 之- 24. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外- 25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持，遵循- 26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的，临近的- 27. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;- 28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地。- 29. in advance (before in time) 预告，事先- 30. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出 地- 31. have an advantage over 胜过- have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件-have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知 道的事- 32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用-
★初中英语作文常用单词词组all in all 总的说来 and so on 等等 as a matter of fact =in fact 其实，实际上at present 目前现在 date back to 追溯到 for the future 从今以后，在今后 from now on 今后，从现在起 in short 总之，总而言之 in a word 简言之、一句话、总之 in the end 最后，终于most important of all 最重要的是 about all 首先 for one thing,…….for another thing 首先…，再者… first of all, …next then,….lastly…首先，然后，最后firstly,secondly,thirdly…finally 第一，第二，第三…最后in addition 另外 in addition to 除…之外 according to 根据 as far as I am concerned 据我所知 generally speaking 一般说来 what’s more 更多的是 1
therefore 因此，从而 furthermore =moreover再者otherwise 另外 in my opinion 我认为，我的意见是not only …but also 不但…而且…in spite of 不管 for example 例如… different from 与……不同 as a result 结果 in order to do 为了 There is no doubt that 毫无疑问It is well known that 大家都知道to tell the true 说实话 however 然而 therefore 因此 since then 自从那时起 as soon as 一……就……thanks to 多得，幸亏 ★★初中英语作文常用句型： 1.表示原因 1)The reason for this is that… 2)There are three reasons for this. 2
很实用！by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故 in addition to 另外，加之 in addition 除…之外(还) in the air 流传中 on (the／an) average 按平均值，通常 on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上 at best 充其量，至多 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展 on board 在船(车或飞机)上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公，因事 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case of 假如，如果发生；防备 in case 假使，以防(万一) in no case 决不，无论如何不 by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge (of) 负责，管理 (a)round the lock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的，共有的 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition (that) 如果 in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比out of control 失去控制 under control 处于控制之下 at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at the cost of 以…为代价 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 of course 当然，自然 in danger 在危险中，垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的，不用的 up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的 in demand 非常需要的，受欢迎的 in debt 欠债，负债 in detail 详细他 in difficulties 处境困难 in the distance 在远处 off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的) on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的) on earth 究竟，到底 at all events 无论如何，不管怎样
大学英语四级写作常用短语1．经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2．人民生活水平的显着提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5．人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8．不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12．一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14．就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16．双方的论点 argument on both sides 17．发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18．对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20．…也不例外…be no exception 21．对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22．利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24．复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25．责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
中考英语作文满分必备的7类50个句型及短语 1.重点句型12句 1). It’s adj for sb to do 做…对某人来说… 2). …so …that …如此…以至于… …too …to do 太…而不能… such …that …如此…以至于… 3). not…until…直到…才… 例：I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back。 4).The reason why + 句子is that + 句子…的原因是… The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. ( 他生气的原因是她对他说了谎。) 5). That is why + 句子那是…的原因 6). That is because + 句子那是因为… 7). It is said that + 句子据说… It is reported that + 句子据报道… 8). There is no doubt that + 句子毫无疑问… 9). It goes without saying that + 句子不言而喻，毫无疑问 10). There is no need to do 没必要做… 11). There is no point in doing 做某事毫无意义 12. as is known to all, +句子众所周知 as we all know, +句子据我们所知 it is generally/ publicly known / considered that…, 众所周知 2.提建议7句 had better (not) do 最好(不)做 how about / what about doing …怎么样? I think you should do 我认为你应该… I suggest / advice that you should do 我建议你做… If I were you, I would do…我要是你的话，我会做… It’s best to do 最好做… Why not do / why don’t you do…? 为什么不… 3.表示喜欢和感兴趣6句 like / love doing enjoy doing be fond of doing 喜欢做… be keen on n/doing 喜欢做… prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B be interested in doing = show/ take great interest in n / doing 4.努力做…7句 try to do努力做… strive to do 努力做… try one’s best to do = do one’s best to do 竭尽全力做… make efforts to do = make every effort to do 尽力做… do what sb can (do ) to do 尽力做… spare no effort to do 不遗余力的做…
（一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
（冒号前面的是我们习惯想到的词，考试中尽量少用！一定要用后面的词去替换前面） We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/min d, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly, Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, v ast, boundless, Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, volu minously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly, Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, pr ominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent, Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnifi cent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, a wesome, terrific, majestic, Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appallin g, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, e ssential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critica l, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible, Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude,
中考常用词汇及短语大全 一) 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。 （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what，s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。（三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上
英语四级作文常用短语表达 1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy 2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people ‘s living standard 3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that 6. 我同意前者（后者）观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion. 7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention. 8. 不可否认It is undeniable that 9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion / debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned ，/ Personally 12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 13. 双方的论点argument on both sides 14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in 15. 对?必不可少be indispensable to 16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes 17. 对?产生有利/ 不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on 18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 19. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20. 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
大学英语四级作文常用词组一 by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守. 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 6. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 7. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one’s o wn risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 8. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 9. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 10. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 二 1. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 2. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 3. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 4. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 5. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 6. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
中考英语作文获得高分的五个技巧 初中英语作文分为五档。五档：13-15分;四档：10-12分;三档：7-9分;二档：4-6分;一档：0－3。 要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点 要点：实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译！因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中全部体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要做到要点全，围绕中心。 结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式，因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达我们应该保护环境，第一段直接说The environment is very important to everyone. All of us should do our best to protect the environment. 这样开头表明观点。 第二段：分几点说怎么保护环境，这要看题目要求了。1.我们应该操持教室卫生。We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.2. 不能随处扔垃圾，看见垃圾要主动捡起。We can’t throw rubbish everywhere. In addition, when we see the rubbish on the ground, we should pick it up.3. 看见有人破坏环境，要去阻止。If we see someone do something bad to the environment, we should come up to persuade him not to do that.4. 多参加植树等有益环境的活动。We can take part in some activities which are good for our environment, for example, planting trees. 第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等,不要复杂，因为你可能翻译不好复杂的话，要首先保证说得对。如，I think everyone can make a contribution to the environment. I hope our environment will be better and better. 逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first，second，third，finally等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all（首先），in addition，what’s more，moreover（都是另外的意思），in a word，（总之）。转折：but，yet，however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。 语法：对写作来说，语法是硬性的要求，一定要保证语法正确才行。如，单词的使用，时态，句式等。有的句子是有固定句式或用法的，不能硬翻译，先想一想有没有固定用法，固定句式等，如果没有再去翻译着写。比如：每天步行上学虽然占用我很长时间，但我觉得这对环境和身体都有好处。Although it takes a long time to go to school on foot, I think it’s good for the environment as well as my body.这句要注意take句式的用法，表示“虽然”的让步状语从句的用法，“和”的用法（as well as,也可以说and） 亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候，要想做到更好，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。亮点包括一些高级词汇和句式的使用，与包括书写的漂亮与否，大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师, 也会喜欢书写清楚、漂亮的，并且用了丰富的词汇，句式（比如定语从句）等就更好了。所以，以后写英语作文要养成好习惯，这还需要大家认真积累知识，积累经验。 英语作文中常用加分短语和句型 1表文章结构顺序：First of all首先，第一，In the beginning 起初，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，For one thing … (for another ) 首先……（其次），At first最初，At present 现在，当今，Nowadays 现在，Recently 最近Currently 目前，最近 2.表并列补充关系的：what is more 而且；此外，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore此外，In addition此外，on the other hand 另一方面 3.表转折对比关系的：however，on the contrary，but，although+ ( 从句)，In spite of+n/doing 4.表因果关系的：because因为，as因为，so因此，therefore因此，as a result 结果是 5.表换一种方式表达：In other words换句话说 6.表进行举例说明：For example，+短语或句子; such as+n./doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact 事实上In general 一般说来Generally speaking 一般地说 8.表达自己观点：As far as I know据我所知，In my opinion As far as I am concerned , 就我而言In my point of view , 以我的观点 9.表总结：In short简言之，In a word总之，In conclusion总之，In summary总之，简言之, In all , 总之，above all 最重要，as a result 结果