英语语言学试题A卷及答案(重庆三峡学院)

重庆三峡学院大学英语预备级2考试试卷及参考答案3一、单项选择题（5’）1. While I was skiing, I ___ and broke my wrist.A、fellB、feltC、feelD、fallen答案：A2. ___ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive here next Monday.A、He is saidB、It has saidC、It is saidD、Has been sold答案：C3. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _____?A、aren’t theyB、are theyC、are all these dictionariesD、aren’t all these dictionaries答案：A4. I don’t think he will arrive here in time, _____?A、do IB、will heC、don’tD、won’t he答案：B5. You must have been ill yesterday, _____?A、weren’t youB、mustn’t youC、needn’t youD、didn’t you答案：A6. My teacher was made ___his teaching because of poor health.A、giving upB、to give upC、given upD、give up答案：B7. She ___ eat so many sweet things.A、used to notB、never usedC、didn’t use toD、didn’t use答案：C8.In this park，sparrows often fly down from trees to eat from visitors’hands. they are used to ___ in this way.A、be fedB、feedC、having fedD、being fed答案：D9. His doctor suggested that he ___ his right hand.A、avoid to useB、avoid usingC、has avoided usingD、avoids to use答案：B10. Hello ，may I speak to dr. bush? ___.A、Yes, I’m BushB、Yes, it’s meC、Here is BushD、Speaking答案：D11. ___ do you record the temperature in the lab? Every two hours.A、How soonB、How longC、How oftenD、How much答案：C12. Let’s visit the bookstore on our way back home, ___?A、shan’t weB、won’tC、shall weD、will you答案：C13.___ an exciting city Shanghai is!A、SoB、VeryC、HowD、What答案：D14.You don’t have to pay for your flights, we can pay it ___ you.A、ofB、offC、toD、for答案：D15.People who won’t work should be made ___.A、to workB、workC、has been doneD、to be working答案：A16. He thought nobody was around ，but he was in fact seen ___into the office building.A、to stealB、stealC、stileD、stolen答案：A17. My sister is used to ___ with all the window’s open.A、sleepB、sleepingC、have sleptD、the sleeping答案：B18. It’s no use ___ your chickens before they are hatched.A、countB、to countC、countingD、of counting答案：C阅读理解Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear, and it can be nearly as powerful. So, in a new paper, two researchers set about trying to find out what the typical American regrets most. In telephone surveys, Neal Roese, a psychologist and professor of marketing at the School of management at Northwestern University, and Mike Morrison, a doctoral candidate in psychology at University of Illinois, asked 370 Americans, aged 19 to 103, to talk about their most notable regret. Participants were asked what the regret was, when it happened, whether it was a result of something they did or didn't do, and whether it was something that could still be fixed.The most commonly mentioned regrets involved romance (18%)—lost loves or unfulfilled relationships. Family regrets came in second (16%), with people still feeling badly about being unkind to their brothers or sisters in childhood. Other frequently reported regrets involved career (13%), education (12%), money (10%) and parenting (9%).Roese and Morrison's study, which is to be published in Social Psychological and Personality Science, is significant in that it surveyed a wide range of the American public, including people of all ages and socio-economic and educational backgrounds. Previous studies on regret have focused largely on college students, who predictably tend to have education-focused regrets, like wishing they had studied harder or a different major. The new survey shows that in the larger population, a person's life circumstances accomplishments, shortcomings, situation in life inject considerable fuel into the fires of regret.People with less education, for instance, were more likely to report education regrets. People with higher levels of education had the most career regrets. And those with no romantic partner tended to hold regrets regarding love.Broken down by sex, more women (44%) than men (19%) had regrets about love and family not surprising, since women "value social relationships more than men," the authors write. In contrast, men (34%) were more likely than women (27%) to mention work-related regrets, wishing they'd chosen a different career path, for instance, or followed their passion. Many participants also reported wishing they had worked less to spend more time with their children.There was an even split between regrets about inaction (not doing something) and action (doing something you wish you didn't). But, likeprevious studies, the current research found that some regrets are more likely than others to persist over time: people tend to hang on longer to the regret of inaction; meanwhile, regrets of action tend to be more recent.1. In the second paragraph, the author shows_______.A、the importance of familyB、the researchers' findingsC、the importance of moneyD、the importance of career答案：B2. According to the passage, college student participants mainly had regrets about their_______.A、family and childhoodB、study and majorC、career and jobD、romance and fear答案：B3. The word "notable" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A、commonB、capableC、wonderfulD、remark答案：C4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _______A、The less education he or she has, the more regrets she or he would have.B、The more education he or she has, the less regrets she or he would have.C、More women than men had regrets about love and family.D、The regret of action seems to last longer than that of inaction.答案：C5. What is the main idea of this passage? _______A、How regret is understood by a typical American.B、Why regret is more important than love and hate.C、Common regrets Americans have.D、How regret has shaped Americans.答案：C汉译英很难想象我们的先辈在没有现代技术带来的诸多方便的条件下，是如何生活的。

重庆三峡学院大学英语1考试试卷及参考答案3Part I. For each of the following 19 incomplete sentences, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. A small child cannot easily ___ his movements.A、exertB、coordinateC、conductD、go in for答案：B2. As the train ___ the platform, there was a rush to get seats.A、pulled intoB、dug intoC、looked throughD、attached to答案：A3.Sales of instant coffee went into a ___ decline(衰退) when freeze-dried coffees were introduced.A、stiffB、slightC、cuurentD、bright答案：B4. I am dealing with customers all the time who have let their bills get ___.A、out of practiceB、out of printC、out of controlD、out of stock答案：C5. ___ the birth-control policy, the growth of population has slowed down.A、ThankB、ThankingC、With thanks toD、Thanks to答案：D6. I wouldn't trust ___ that.A、him in doingB、to him in doingC、him to doD、to him to do答案：C7. Her speech touched ___ the issue of employee benefits.A、/B、withC、onD、up答案：C8. It___ that the mysterious visitor was an old friend of my grandmother.A、turned upB、turned offC、turned onD、turned out答案：D9. The teacher was ___ with him because he was late.A、botheredB、interruptedC、interferedD、annoyed答案：D10. His pocket was ___ full of cards written in English which he used to memorize words.A、stuffedB、stiffC、sufferedD、staff答案：A11. His rude behavior ___ all of us.A、disgracedB、disgustedC、disguisedD、distressed答案：B12. He was ___ by a bee when he was collecting honey.A、scratchedB、drawnC、piercedD、patted答案：C13. If the service was so bad, why didn’t you ___ to the manager?A、tellB、sayC、complainD、speak答案：C14. All citizens were called to ___ in an anti-drug campaign.A、attendB、anticipateC、participateD、expect答案：C15. The sack caught on a branch and ___ open.A、barkedB、polishedC、rippedD、tossed答案：C16. He set up a standard of perfection for himself, which seldom permitted him to ___.A、freeB、looseC、dismissD、relax答案：D17. He had bought a teapot and was waiting for them to ___ it up.A、fastenB、moveC、twistD、wrap答案：D18. Her uncle, ___ her two cousins, demands that she stay in town one more day.A、along withB、andC、as wellD、together答案：A19. He asked Jane to marry him, but she ___ him ___.A、turned…outB、turned…inC、turned…downD、turned…up答案：CPart II. There are 1 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Today's students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F. D. R., and they live in a world where amazing innovations are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford; Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was at Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital, they are impatient to get on with life.The easiest way to foster kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them.A report published last year by the Kauffman Foundation, which finances programs to promote innovation on campuses, noted that more than 5,000 entrepreneurship programs are offered on two- and four-year campuses-up from just 250 courses in 1985. Lesa Mitchell, a Kauffman vice president, says that the foundation is extending the reach of its academic influence, which used to be found only in business schools. Now, the concept of entrepreneurship is blooming in engineering programs and medical schools, and even in the liberal arts. “Our interest is in all the programs,” she says.“We need to spread out from the business school.”Either as class projects or on their own, students in a variety of majors are coming up with ideas, writing business plans and seeing them through to prototype and, often, market. In their spare time, students in agricultural economics at Purdue invent new uses for bean; industrial design majors at Syracuse, in a special laboratory, create wearable technologies.The entrepreneurship movement has its critics' especially among those who see college as a time for extensive academic exploration. “I just don't think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national: need,”says Daniel S. Greenberg, author of Science for Sale: The Perils, Rewards and Delusions of Campus Capitalism.Leonard A. Schlesinger, Babson College's president, says that the question of whether innovation can really be taught is“an age-old argument.”1. When Google and Facebook were established, the founders were still_______.A、in high schoolB、in the armyC、in primary schoolD、at college答案：D2. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education? _______A、To prepare students for future academic life.B、To prepare students to find opportunities and seize them.C、To prepare students for overseas career.D、To prepare students to develop interpersonal skills.答案：B3. The word “prototype” in the fourth paragraph is most likely to mean_______A、modelB、strategyC、methodD、stage答案：A4. What does Daniel S. Greenberg think of entrepreneurship education? _______A、Entrepreneurship, or at least certain elements of it, can be taught.B、An entrepreneurship program can help students find what they really like and entrepreneurship isn't all about business.C、Entrepreneurship should be spread across different fields.D、Colleges shouldn't put too much emphasis on entrepreneurship programs.答案：DPart III. Translate English into Chinese.Regret is as common an emotion as love for fear, and it can be nearly as powerful. So, in a new paper, two researchers set about trying to find out what the typical American regrets most. In telephone survey, Neal Rosese, a psychologist and professor of marketing at the School of management at Northwestern University asked 370 Americans, aged 19 to 103, to talk about their most notable regret. Participants were asked what the regret was, when it happened, whether it was a result of sth they did or didn’t do, and whether it was sth that could still be fixed.主观题无标准答案。

大学英语A卷三峡大学成人教育2015年春季学期《大学英语一》课程考试试卷( A 卷)专业水利水电建筑工程本科命题教师学号：姓名：题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分注意：1、本试卷共 6页； 2、考试时间: 110 分钟；3、姓名、学号必须写在指定地方。

Part I Vocabulary (20%)请选择单词填入空格，在必要的时候改变词形：Consequence consumer convenience element isolate priority release specific strategy trap1. The company will spend $6 million on sales _______ as well as the development of new products.2. We all agreed on our basic aims, but when we got down to ________ itemsit became more complicated.3. Nowadays ___________ not only demand the high quality of the products but also their after-sale services.4. The movie star was caught in the act of shoplifting but was _________ after paying a fine to the supermarket.5. The soldiers pretended to run away and the enemies, in pursuing them, were finally_______.6. As a _______ of her hospital experience, shelly decided to become a nurse.7. The village _______ from the outside for three days because of the flood.8. After the Second World War, millions of people were lefthomeless; so the government decided to give ______ to housing.9. In many shops, shopping bags are provided for the customers _________.10. With a tearful love story and two famous stars, the movie has all the _______ for a success.Part II Structure (20%)请选择正确答案填入空格：1.Any damage to the books ___________ carelessness must be paid for by the borrower.A. result fromB. result inC. resulting inD. resulting from2.Scientists will have to ____________ new technologies to improve the world’s food and fuel supplies.A. come upB. come up withC. coming up withD. coming up3.She wants to drop out of college and become a singer, but her parents ______ very much _________ her intention.A. frown … onB. frown … toC. frown … atD. frown … of4.The number of families with both parents taking full-time jobs is growing; , children are doing more of the housework.A. result inB. result fromC. result toD. as a result5.Hundreds of fans to get the signature of their favorite singer,but she didn’t show up.A. line upB. lined upC. lined inD. line in6.At present, the whole world seems to be about how to copewith economic globalization.A. at lossB. in a lossC. at a lossD. in loss7.We hope the special loan from the bank will our company _____the crisis.A. pull … outB. pull … fromC. pull … ofD. pull … through8.He was sentenced to 2 years in prison, and that, all hisproperty was confiscated.A. on top ofB. at top ofC. in top ofD. on the top of9.As my house is the only one by the road built with red bricks, it _____ and you can’t miss it.A. stick outB. sticks outC. sticking outD. sticks on10.The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is .A. under the wayB. on the wayC. on wayD. under wayPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)阅读以下三篇短文，并选择正确的答案：Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some timein their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likelyto be happy in the surroundings y ou can provide. Specialists’ advice isuseful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog. But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where there is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection . The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love for itsmother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.1. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?A. You can always get help from the specialists.B. It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.C. You should decide what kind of dog you want.D. Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.2. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?A. The color of the dog.B. The price of the dog.C. Whether the dog will fit the environment.D. Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.3. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?A. It must be trained so that it won’t bite.B. It demands more food and space.C. It needs more love and care.D. It must be looked after carefully.4. Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?A. It’s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.B. They are less likely to be shy with human beings.C. They are less likely to run away.D. It’s easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.5. The word “affection” (line 11) means _____.A. loveB. effectC. tieD. relationshipMovies are the most popular form of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard thefilm has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic（浪漫的）and beautiful than in real life.The biggest “dream factories” are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can’t. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the “good guys” win in the movies.6. The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want _____.A. to enjoy a good storyB. to experience an exciting lifeC. to see the actors and actressesD. to escape their daily life7. Which of the following is people’s normal response to the movies they watch?A. They feel that everything on the screen is familiar to them.B. They try to turn their dreams into reality.C. They become so involved that they forget their own problems.D. They are touched by the life stories of the stories of the actors and actresses.8. It is obvious that real life is _____.A. less romantic than that in the moviesB. more romantic than that in the moviesC. as romantic as that in the moviesD. filled with romantic stories9. The American movies are popular because _____.A. they are well-made and the stories are interestingB. the characters in the movies are free to do whatever they likeC. the heroes have to cope with many problems and frustrationsD. good guys in the movies always win in the end10. People enjoy seeing the movies because they _____.A. are tired of their everyday livesB. feel inspired by the heroic deeds of the good guysC. want to see who win in the endD. have to cope with many problems in their livesIn ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome ,testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who wereworking for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who hadmade a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers ,resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called an ""objective"" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.11. In the Middle Ages students_________.A. took objective testsB. specialized in one subjectC. were timed by electric clocksD. never wrote exams12. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_________.A. workers now take examinationB. the population has grownC. there are only written examsD. examinations are now written and timed13. The kind of exams where students must select answers are_________.A. personalB. spokenC. objectiveD. written14. Modern industry must have developed_________.A. before the Middle AgesB. around the 19th centuryC. in Greece or RomeD. machines to take tests15. It may be concluded that testing_________.A. should test only opinionsB. should always be writtenC. has changed since the Middle AgesD. is given only in factoriesPart VI Translation ( 英译汉) 15%请将以下句子翻译成中文：1.The lecturer at the conference turned out to be the daughter of an old friend of mine.2. It is 5 years since his retirement, but he has remained active in academic circles.3. If you do have financial difficulties, you can apply for a student loan.4. Trains can’t rival planes for speed, but many peopleprefer to travel by train.5. People are much more likely to accept this mode of administration once they see that it really works.Part V Translation (汉译英) 15%请将以下句子翻译成英文：1．年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。

Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology.10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolation, but in context.14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.20. The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:k__________ 21. Chomsky defines “competence”as the ideal user’ｓof the rules of his language.22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by allthe members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: alower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of me aningful units.24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for hu man communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of w ords into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the deta ils of language have to be taught and learned.27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settleme nt of some practical problems. The study of such applications is gene rally known as a________ linguistics.29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construc tion and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, th ey can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentenc es which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of languag e.Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language ?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires h is mother tongueD. All of the above35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky lo oks at language from a ________ point of view.A. sociological…psychologicalB. psychological…sociologicalC. applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne ction between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the im mediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one gener ation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and BⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics42. Phonology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics45. Psycholinguistics46. Language47. Phonetics48. Morphology49. Semantics50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics52. Arbitrariness53. Productivity54. Displacement55. Duality56. Design Features57. Competence58. Performance59. Langue60. ParoleSuggested answers to supplementary exercises:Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. F11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. FⅡ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.42. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n communication is called phonology.43. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called prag matics.45. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholinguistics.46. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm unication is called phonetics.48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arran ged to form words is called morphology.49. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.50. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society i s called sociolinguistics.51. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teach ing and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second langu ages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic finding s to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-struction and interpretation of new signals by its users.54. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used torefer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the i mmediate situations of the speaker55. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining propertiesof human language that distinguish it from any animal system of com municationkn 57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’ｓowledge of the rules of his language,58. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.59. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared byall the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently60. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; pa role is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situ ation.。

2007-2008学年第一学期04英语（专升本）语言学概论A卷Part I Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%×20=40%)1.______refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.A. ParoleB. LangueC. Competence D Performance2.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”well illustrates language is____.A. arbitraryB. vocalC. creative D communicative3. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a ________study.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic4. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in ____.A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of air streamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips5._______phonetics studies how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.A.AriculatoryB.AuditoryC.AcousticD. Oral6. The________view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form andwhat it refers to.（）A. naming theoryB.conceptualistC. contextualismD. behaviorism7. The word “ smog” is formed through.( ).A. backformationB. blendingC. clippingD. derivation8.The affix “ed” in the word “stopped” is known as a(n)________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. freeC. inflectionalD. open9．A(n)____act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention, it is the act performed in saying something.A. locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech10. Which word can be analyzed as +HUMAN+ADULT-MALE （）A．boy B．girl C．man D．woman11. The pair of words "buy" and "sell" are_______antonymy.（）.A. gradableB. converseC. relationalD. complementary12. There are morphemes in the word “telecommunication”.（）A.2B.3C. 4D.513. The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is . （）A. polysemyB.hyponymyC. homonymyD. synonymy14. is defined as the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules bywhich words are formed. （）A. PhoneticsB. MorphologyC. SyntaxD. Semantics15 .“Sweets” and “candy” are used respectively in Bri tain in and America, but refer to thesame thing. The words are synonyms. ( )A. collocationalB. stylisticC. completeD. dialectal16. is the study of the relationship between brain and language. ( )A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. neurolinguisticsD. Semantics17. is the discussion about the relationship between language and culture.A. Sapir-Whorf hypothesisB.Critical Period HypothesisC.BilingualismD.Behaviorism18. X: John’s bike needs repairing. Y: John has a bike.What’s the relations between the two sentences.A. X entailsY.B. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous withYD. X is inconsistent withY19. _____as either intentionally or unintentionally deviant forms and self-corrigible suggestfailure in performance.A.ErrorsB. MistakesC. TransferD. Interference20. The____ view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay betweenthe human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.A. behavioristB. innatistC. interactionistD. cognitivePart II. Define the following terms(3%×5=15%points)1. language2. pragmatics3.culture4.second language acquisition5. syntaxPart III. Linguistic theory and linguist. (1%×8=8%)1. competence and performance ( ) A. G. Leech2. semantic triangle ( ) B. Krashen3. contextualism ( ) C. Ogden and Richard4. Course in General Linguistics ( ) D. J.R. Firth5. predication analysis ( ) E. John Austin6. speech act theory ( ) F. S. P. Carder and Larry. Selinker7. Input Hypothesis ( ) G.. Saussure8. interlanguage ( ) H.ChomskyPart IV Answer the following questios. (5%×3=15%)1.What are the main features of human language that is different from animal communicationsystem?2. What is phonetics? How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?3. What is a register? Please use Halliday’s register theory to analyze:A lecture on biology in a technical college.2007-2008学年第一学期04英语（专升本）语言学概论A卷答题纸Part I Best choice.(2%×20=40%)Part II Define the following terms(3%×5=15%)1. language2. pragmatics3.culture4.second language acquisition5. syntaxPart III Linguistic theory and linguist. (1%×8=8%)Part IV. Answer the following questios. (5%×3=15% )1. What are the main features of human language that is differentfrom animal communication system?2. What is phonetics? How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?3. What is a register? Please use Halliday’s register theory to analyze:A lecture on biology in a technical college.Part IV. Theory and practice. (22%)1.Think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts.(4%)(1)Oh, it is raining.(2) Today is Sunday.2. What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting these maxims give rise to conversational implicature?(10%)3. Draw a tree diagram for the following statements.(3%+5%)(1). The boy will find the the book. (2). What did you eat for lunch?04英语(专升本)语言学概论参考答案Part I Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%×20=40%)1-5 BACBA 6-10 BBCBD 11-15 CBBBD 16-20 CABBCPart II Define the following terms (3%×5=15%)nguage can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humancommunication.2.Pragmatics is the study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successfulcommunication.3.Culture means the total way of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs,objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.4.Second llanguage acquisition refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires asecond language subsequent to his native language.5.Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentencesand the rules that govern the formation of sentences.Part III. Linguist and linguistic theory. (1%×8=8%)1H 2C 3D 4G 5A 6E 7B 8FPart IV Answer the following questions. (5%×3=15% )1. Arbitrariness. The relationship between the two subsystems of language is arbitrary. There is no logical connection between sound and meaning.Creativity. Language provides opportunities for sending messages that have never been sent before and for understanding brand new messages. he grammar rules and the words are finite, but the sentences are infinite. Every speaker uses language creatively.Duality. Language contains two subsystems, one of sounds and the other of meanings. Certain sounds or sequences of sounds stand for certain meanings.Displacement There is no limit in time or space for language. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.Cultural transmission. Culture cannot be genetically transmitted. Instead, it must be learned. Language is a way of transmitting culture.2. Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.Phonetics and phonology differ in their approach and focus. Phonetics is of a general nature, it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, etc. Phonology, on the other hand, aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.3.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.Field: scientific (biological) Tenor: teacher-students(formal, polite)Mode: oral (academic lecturing)Part IV. Theory and practice. (22%)1. (4%)(1) （2）根据学生所给出的语境酌情给分, 每小题2分.2. (10%)The four maxims are:1).Quantity--Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange.--Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.2）Quality – Try to make your contribution one that is true. Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.3). Relation – Be relevant.4). Manner –Be perspicuous. Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). Be orderly.These maxims can be violated for various reasons, but only when they “flouted”, to use Grice’s term, does “conversational implicature” occur.Use some specific examples to test it.3. (3%+5%)。

目　录2011年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题2010年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题2009年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题Questions 1---5TEXT BThe film's most resonant passages take place when Pu learns to see his fatherwith new clarity Questions 6---10 Questions 11---15 TEXT D Questions 16---202011年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题2010年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题2009年三峡大学外国语学院791综合英语考研真题Questions 1---5TEXT BThe film's most resonant passages take place when Pu learns to see his father with new clarityQuestions 6---10 Questions 11---15 TEXT DQuestions 16---2016. The author did not know exactly when he was born because A. he did not know who his mother was. B. there was no written evidence of it. C. his master did not tell his father. D. nobody on his farm knew anything about it.17. In the mid-nineteenth century, slaves often A. marked their birthdays by the season. B. did not really care how old they were. C. forgot the exact time when they were born. D. pretended not to know each other's birthdays. 18. The author's mother told him A. his father was black. B. his father was white.C. nothing about his father.D. his master was his father. 19. According to the passage, when the author was very young his motherA. ran away.B. was light-skinned.C. had several children.D. was sent to work elsewhere. 20. The author was most probably raised A. by his grandparents. B. by an old woman slave. C. with his master's support. D. together with other children. ⅳ. Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese. (20分) 请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。

英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A sound in a languageB. The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a wordC. The way a language is writtenD. The study of language in relation to culture2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Astronomy3. The process of analyzing the structure of sentences is known as:A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Lexicology4. The study of word formation is called:A. EtymologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Lexicology5. In linguistics, "pragmatics" is concerned with:A. The meaning of wordsB. The meaning of sentences in contextC. The structure of wordsD. The sounds of a language6. The change of a word's form to express different grammatical relationships is known as:A. InflectionB. DerivationC. CompoundingD. Conversion7. "Morpheme" is defined as:A. The smallest meaningful unit in a languageB. A group of letters that form a wordC. A word that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful partsD. The smallest unit of sound8. Which of the following is an example of a sociolect?A. A dialect spoken in a particular regionB. A language variety used by a social groupC. A language used in formal situationsD. A language used in informal situations9. The study of language change over time is known as:A. Historical linguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Computational linguistics10. The concept of "register" refers to:A. A language variety associated with a particularactivityB. A language variety associated with a particular regionC. A language variety associated with a particular social groupD. A language variety associated with a particular time period二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The study of language in its social context is known as __________.12. A language that develops from a common ancestral language is called a __________.13. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is a(n)__________.14. The systematic use of language to convey information is known as __________.15. The process of creating new words by combining existing words is called __________.16. The study of language in relation to the brain is known as __________.17. The change of a word's form to show grammatical relationships is known as __________.18. The study of the history of individual words is called__________.19. The study of language universals is a part of __________.20. The systematic study of meaning in language is known as __________.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.22. Describe the role of morphology in language acquisition.23. What is the significance of syntax in language comprehension?24. Discuss the concept of language variation and its implications for linguistic analysis.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the impact of language on thought and culture, referring to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.26. Analyze the role of language in identity formation and social interaction, with reference to sociolinguistic theories.五、案例分析题（每题10分，共10分）27. Given a scenario where two speakers of different dialects have difficulty understanding each other, analyze the factors that contribute to this communication barrier.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. A4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. A 10. A二、填空题11. Sociolinguistics 12. Language family 13. Morpheme 14. Pragmatics 15. Compounding 16. Neurolinguistics 17.Inflection 18. Etymology 19. Typology 20. Semantics三、简答题21. Phonetics is the study of the physical properties ofspeech sounds, while phonology is the study of the abstract system of sounds in a language.22. Morphology plays a crucial role in language acquisition as it helps learners understand how words are formed and how they can be broken down into smaller units.。

L Fill in each of the following blanks (1% X 20=20%)I .Language is a system of arbitrary vocal __________________ used for humancommunication. Language is consisting of two sets of structures, or two levels, that is, sound and ______________ .2.Of all the speech organs, the _________ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such condition are .3. ______ is voiced alveolar fricative, while ________ is back, close long vowel.4. There are _______ phones, _________ p honemes in word “start ：5. Complementary distribution means that the ___________ of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments.6. Generally speaking, we can divide phonetics into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, _________ phonetics and acoustic phonetics-7. Chomsky defines __________ as the ideal speaker^ knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance is the actual realization of this knowledge. 8. ________ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words arecombined to form sentences in a language, or simply the study of the formation of sentences.9.In Engllish, nouns, verbs adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary, they are called ________ c lass words ,while conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns are regarded as close class words.10. Morphology is the study of the internal ____________ o f words and the way in which words are formed.II • __________means that language can be used to refer to things which presentor not present, real or imagined matters in past, present, or future, or in far-away places. 12. __________ are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.13.In English, ________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.14. A lingustic study is ________ if it describes and analyses the language people《英语语言学》试题15考试吋量：120分钟题号—•二三四五合分合分人得分复查人得分评卷人苹 -------考试类型:actually use; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for "correct"5 behavi0匚15.Suprasegmental features include _________ tone and intonation.16. “Accuse.• .of，and "charge.••with" are _______ synonyms.IL Read and decide the best one that completes the 得分评卷人statement. (1.5% X 20=30%)L Linguists give priority to the spoken language not on the written languagebecause _________ •A.vocal sounds are drived from writing systemsB.speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC.we have reading devices to study speechD.spoken language preceded writtten language only in Indo-Europeanlanguae2.According to E de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistics.A.paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language3. ________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worldslanguage.A. PhonologyB. PhoneticsC. MorphologyD. Phonemics.4.The word “boyish，，contains two ____ •A. morphemesB. morphsC. phonemesD. allophones5.Noun, verb, ____ and preposition are major lexical cateogries.A. adverbB. pronounC. adjectiveD. conjunction6.Which of the following sounds is voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [mlC. [b]D. [t]7.The study of language to psychology is ____________ •A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. applied linguisticsD. pragmatics8- Which of the following sounds is central vowel?A. [elB. [i]C.[八]D.[a:]9.In English, 4t un J, and "dis" are called ___________ ..A. prefixesB. infixesC. suffixesD. grammatical words10. _____ are produced by moving from one vowel position to anotherthrough interventing position.A. DiphthongsB. ConsonantsC. Vowels D> Individual vowels11 .The phrase “ men and women " belongs to the __________ c ontruction.A. predicateB. coordinateC. subordinateD. exocentric 12.In English, all thefront vowels and the central vowels are __________________________ vowels.A. unroundedB. closeC. openD. rounded13.Which is the meaning relationship between the two words "flowei7rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy14.The words such as "lab", “doc" are_________ ・A. formed by blendingB. acronymsC. coined by back-formationD. clipped words15.In English if three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of aword, the first phoneme must be /s/ and the second phoneme must be /p/ or III or /k/, then the third phoneme can not be ___________ .A. /f/B. /I/C. /r/D. /w/16.The words "make，，and “bus，，are called ____ because they can occurunattached.A.derivational morphemesB. inflectional morphemesC.bound morphemesD. free morphemes17.The semantic component of the word “ man” can be expressed asA.+animate, +human, +male, -adultB.+animate, +human,・male, +adultC.+animate, +human, +male, +adultD.+animate, +human, -adult18. _____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular socialclass.A. IdiolectB. SociolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Standard dialect19.The phenomenon “ holiday meant a day of religious significance before,but today it signifies any day on which we don^t have to work，，is ______A. widening of the meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD.loss of the meaning20.All of the following are American English EXCEPT ________ .A. fallB. elevatorC. petrolD. aparmentIII. True or false: ( T for True and F for得分评卷人Fam)・(l・5%X 20=30%)1 .Language is human specific.2.English is a typical tone language.3.A synchronic study of language is a historical study.4.The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articultion and place of articulation.5.The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by E de Saussure.6.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in the human history.7.The word "ungentlemanliness^ has five morphemes.8.Deep Structure is the same as Surface Structure.9. There is only one type of affixes in the English language.10・ Syntax is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language. 11. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.12. Modern English is roughly from 499 to the present.13. The standard language and non-standard language are both socially prestigious. 14. The assumption that Black English is "genetically inferior^, "deficient^ and "incomplete" is quite unreasonable.15. One of the recent trends of language change is moving towards greater formality.16. Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics.17.In a pair of gradable antonyms, the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the othe 匚18. There is only one argument in the sentence “ Kids like apples.” 19. Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes- 20・ IPA stands for International Phonetic Alphabet.IV・ Draw tree structures of the following sentences. (2.5%x4=10%)1. The apple might hit the man.2. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.3. The children argued over whether bats had wings.4. What are you doing now?VPlease answer the following questions. (5%X2=10%)1. Please list out the design features of language and illustrate them.2. Who put forward the Cooperative Principle? What is it about?得分评卷人得分评卷人Answer Sheetn| n得分评卷人I.Fill in each of the following blanks(1 % X 20=20%)1. _________ , _________2. _________ , _________3. _________ , __________4. _________ , _________5. ___________6. _________ ,7. _________ & _________ 9. ___________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. ____________13. ___________ .14. ____________15. ___________ 16. _____________得分评卷人II ・ Read and decide the best one that completesthe statement. (1.5% X 20=30%)1( )2( ) 3( )4( ) 5( ) 6( ) 7( ) 8( ) 9( ) 10() 得分评卷人11( ) 12( ) 13(1.( ) 2( ) 3(IK ) 12( ) 13(得分评卷人)14( ) 15( ) 16( ) 17( ) 18( ) 19( ) 20()III. True or false: ( T for True and F for False).(1.5% X 20=30%))4( ) 5( ) 6( ) 7( ) 8( )9( ) 10())14( ) 15( ) 16( ) 1(7 ) 18( ) 19( )20()IV. Draw tree structures of the followingsentences. (2.5%x4=10%)1. The apple might hit the man.2. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.3.The children argued over whether bats had wings-4. What are you doing now?VPlease answer the following questions.得分评卷人(5%X2=10%)。

英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A unit of meaningC. A unit of writingD. A unit of grammar答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PsychologyD. Syntax答案：C3. The process of changing the form of a word to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：A4. In English, the word "mouse" is an example of:A. A countable nounB. An uncountable nounC. A proper nounD. An article答案：A5. The study of meaning in language is known as:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：A6. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning ina language is called:A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. SyllableD. Word答案：A7. The branch of linguistics that studies the social aspects of language is:A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：A8. The use of language in context is studied in:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：B9. The process of acquiring a first language is known as:A. Second language acquisitionB. Foreign language learningC. Language learningD. First language acquisition答案：D10. The systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences is the study of:A. PhonologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of speech sounds is called ____________.答案：Phonetics2. The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as a____________.答案：Morpheme3. The branch of linguistics that deals with the structure of words is ____________.答案：Morphology4. The study of how language is used in social contexts is called ____________.答案：Sociolinguistics5. The process by which children acquire their first language is known as ____________.答案：Language acquisition6. The study of the rules governing the formation of sentences in a language is ____________.答案：Syntax7. The branch of linguistics that examines the psychological aspects of language is ____________.答案：Psycholinguistics8. The study of the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences is known as ____________.答案：Semantics9. The branch of linguistics concerned with the relationship between language and culture is ____________.答案：Anthropological linguistics10. The study of how language is processed in the brain is called ____________.答案：Neurolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a phoneme and an allophone. 答案：A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language, while an allophone is a variant of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of aword.2. What is the role of syntax in language?答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language,including how words and phrases are arranged to create well-formed sentences.3. How does sociolinguistics contribute to our understandingof language?答案：Sociolinguistics helps us understand how languagevaries according to social factors such as class, gender, age, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of pragmatics in language communication.答案：Pragmatics is crucial in language communication as it deals with the way context influences the interpretation of meaning. It helps us understand how speakers convey intended meanings beyond the literal interpretation of words and sentences, taking into account factors such as tone, body language, and shared knowledge.2. Explain the concept of language universals and give examples.答案：Language universals refer to the structural and functional features that are common to all human languages. Examples include the presence of nouns and verbs, the use ofword order to convey meaning, and the ability to form questions and negations.。