★一般现在时
基本用法：
①经常发生或反复发生的动作：
He gets up at six. 他六点起床。
Thank you.I don?t smoke.谢谢你，我不抽烟。
②现实的情况或状态：
He is a law student.他是学法律的。
The soup tastes good.这汤味道真好。
③永恒的真理：
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
Metal expands when heated.金属加热会膨胀。
Hydrogen is a light gas.氢是很轻的气体。
一些常用语一般现在时的动词：
admire adore appear be believe belong
concern consist contain depend deserve desire
despise detest dislike doubt envy exist
feel fit forget guess hate have
hear hold hope imagine impress include
involve keep know lack like love
major matter mean need owe own
please possess prefer realize recognize remember
require resemble satisfy seat see seem
smell sound suppose suspect understand wish
一些表示短暂动作的动词:
I declare Mr.Schiff elected. 我宣布希弗先生当选。
I adviese that you leave at once. 我劝你们马上离开。
I suggest that we have lunch now. 我建议现在就吃午饭。
I promise I?ll never conceal anything any more. 我答应再也不隐瞒什么。
I flatly refuse to do what he says. 我断然拒绝照他的话做。
I regret my bad action. 我懊悔我的不良行为。
Y ou attitude simply amazes me. 你的态度简直使我吃惊。
Y ou surprise me. 你吓我一跳。
这类动词一般不宜用于进行时，谈现在情况时，用一般现在时更自然一些。
一般现在时表示现刻动作
在一定情况下，一般现在时可以表示现刻的动作，例如：
1、球赛解说：
2、演示说明：
3、动作描述或舞台动作描述：
4、剧情介绍：
5、介绍书面材料的内容：I?ve just got a letter fom Helen.She says she?s coming to
India next week.
6、用来指引道路：“How do I get to the station?” “Y ou go straight on to the traffic
lights,then you turn right.”火车站怎么走？你径直往前走，到红绿灯处往右拐。
7、图片说明：The Queen arrives for the opening of Parliament.女王出席议会开幕
式。
8、用在Here和There后面：
Here comes the bus! 公车来了！There goes the bell. 铃响了。
一般现在时表示将来情况
①在口语中，一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事，通常都
有一个表示未来时间的状语：
I?m in my office from two to five this afternoon.今天下午两点到五点我在办公室。The train leaves in five minutes?time.火车五分钟后离开。
②有时可用这个时态叙述整个计划：
③在时间或条件从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来动作：
I?ll tell her after you leave.你走之后我再告诉她。
In case I forget,please remind me about it.万一我忘了，请提醒我。
④还有一些其他从句，可以用一般现在时表示将来动作：
Assuming it rains tomorrow,what shall we do? 假定明天下雨，我们该怎么办？
Whatever happens,I?m going.不管发生什么情况我都要去。
I?ll just say whatever comes into my head. 我将想到什么就说什么。
一般现在时表示过去动作
①有少数动词（如say,tell,hear等）可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况：He says he can?t wait any longer.
My friend tells me that you?ve been unwell.我朋友告诉我你身体欠佳。
I forget the man?s name.这个人的名字我忘了。
②在下面情况下常用一般现在时表示过去动作：
A:故事性读物中戏剧性的描绘（用一般现在时可以给人以历历在目的印象）
B:用在报纸标题中
C：用在小说章节的标题中
★现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
①现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事
②有时表示阶段正发生的事，此刻动作不一定正在进行：
Hello,Tom,are you still working in that bank?
She …s teaching at a night school.
现在进行时和动词的关系
①有些动词一般不能用于现在进行时，因为它们表示状态和感觉，不能表示正
在进行的动作，特别是know, love, belong, detest, hate 这类词。不过有些词有时有其他意思，有时能用于进行时。
表示状态或感觉表示动作（可用于进行时）She looks tired.她显得很疲倦。She is looking at a bird.她在看鸟。
The food smells nice.这菜闻起来很香。He?s smelling the flowers.他在闻花。
②有些表示动作的动词有时转而表示状态，有时就不宜用于进行时态
表示动作表示状态
She is lying on the beach. The coat doesn?t fit me.
她躺在海滩上。这上衣我穿不合适。
③有些表示极短暂动作的动词也不宜用于进行时，如declare,recognize等。
但有些这类词有时用于进行时，表示反复做某动作：
He?s jumping up and down.他在上下蹦跳。
The old man is nodding his head.老人频频点头。
④be在一般情况下不能用于进行时态，但有时可以这样用来表示一时的表现：
She is being silly. 她这样做是在发傻。
Am I being extravagant? 我这样做是不是太奢侈？
I am not being slow.I?m being careful. 我这样并不是动作迟缓，我只是审慎行
事。
现在进行时表示将来动作
①在口语中，时常有一个表示未来时间的状语，多指已计划安排好的事：
I?m flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.
They?re getting married next month.
注：在以事物作主语时多用一般现在时表示按时间安排的活动：
The train leaves at 9:30.
The programme begins at 10.
以人为主时，多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事：
Nancy isn?t coming to the party.南希不来参加晚会了。
②现在进行时也可用在时间和条件从句中表示未来情况：
Y ou can do some reading while you are waiting for the train.你等火车时可以看看书。
Suppose it?s still raining tomorrow,shall we go?假定明天还在下雨，我们要去吗？
③be going to 结果可表示：
a．准备或打算做某事：
He?s going to buy a new car.他准备买一辆新车。
b．即将发生的事或要发生的事：
It?s going to be warm tomorrow.明天天气会很暖和。
在这种结构后也可跟go,come 这类词：
Where are you going to go during the holiday?假期你准备去哪里？
现在进行时表示经常性动作
①现在进行时可以用来表示经常性的动作，常和always,constantly,forever 这类
副词连用，表示厌烦、赞美等情绪：
He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙
I?m always making that mistake. 我老犯那个错。
Y ou?re always thinking of others. 你总是想到别人。
②这类句子也可以用一般现在时，这时只说明事实，用现在进行时则表示某种
情绪：
用一般现在时（说明事实）用现在进行时（表示某种情绪）
How do you feel today？How are you feeling today?
He often complains of his job. She?s doing fine work at school.
③有些静态动词间或也可用于现在进行时：
I?m hoping you?ll all come. 我希望你们都来。（表示殷切希望）
I?m forgetting that I promised to ring him tonight. 我差点忘了我答应过今晚给他打电话。
另外还有少数动词用两种时态意思都差不多：
I wonder(am wondering) whether you could give me some advice.我想知道你可
否给我出点主意。
I don?t hear(am not hearing) as well as I used to. 我听力不及从前好了。
现在进行时的一些特殊用法
现在进行时还有一些特殊用法：
①用在戏剧式的描述中，表示过去的动作
②表示暂时的情况：
Her car has broken down.She?s going to work by bike.她的车坏了。现在骑自行车上班。
★一般将来时及将来情况表示法
一般将来时的基本用法
①一般将来时表示将来要发生的事（在口语中各人称后均用will，常紧缩为?ll）：
②这个时态常用于下面情况（都用will）
A.用在“I think…will”这类巨型中，表示看法：
I think they?ll succeed.我想他们会成功。
B.也可表示未来习惯性的动作：
Spring will come again.
These things will happen.这样的事总是要发生的。
C.提出请求：
Will you type this?你把这个打一下好吗？
D.作出允许：
I?ll be there, I promise you. 我答应你我会去的。
E.表示同意：
Send off the invitation right today.______ Yes,I will.今天就把请柬发出去。————行，没问题。
使用Shall的一些情况：
①shall主要用于第一人称后，构成疑问句，询问对方意见：
Where shall we go for our holiday?
②shall也可用在陈述中（但现在口语中这样说的人比较少了，一般多用will）
We shall(will) be in touch.我们会保持联系的。
一些表示未来情况的方法：
除了一般将来时，还可以下列方式表示将来情况：
①be going to 结构，表示打算干某事或即将发生某事
②现在进行时（表示计划或准备要做的事）
I?m going to the pictures.Would you like to come?我要去看电影，你想去吗？
He?s leaving school in one year?s time.他一年后就要毕业了。
③一般现在时表示按计划要发生的事，特别是以事物作主语时（a）,以人为主
语时有时也可以这样用（b）
a.The new branch opens (is opening ) next week.新的分公司下星期开业。
b.We leave at six and arrive in Dublin at ten.我们六点动身，十点到达都柏林。
此外还可在时间及条件从句中替代一般将来时（a）,或用在hope后的宾语从句中（b）:
a.Give me a ring before you leave.走之前给我打个电话。
b.We hope you all have a good time. 我们希望你们都玩得开心。
④be+不定式结构：
be+不定式也可表示将要发生的动作，可表示安排好的事（a），可表示要求做的事（b）:
a.The expedition is to start in a week?s time.探险队将于一周后出发。
b.No one is to leave this building without their permission.未经他们的允许谁也不
准离开这座楼。
⑤be about to 结构：
表示就要发生的事：
They?re about to start.他们就要出发了。
I was just about to fall into a doze when he started up.我正要打盹时他突然出现
了。
⑥be due to 构成的谓语：
这种结构表示“定于…”
Mary is due to leave at 2.玛丽定于两点动身。
The bridge is due to be completed next April.大桥定于明年四月完工。
★将来进行时（will be doing）
基本用法
①表示将来某时将正在进行的动作：
Next Wednesday We?ll be flying to sydney.下星期三我们将飞往悉尼。
This time tomorrow we?ll be sitting in the cinem and watching a film.明天这时我们会坐在电影院看电影。
②这个时态还可表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事：
He?ll be taking his exam next week.他下星期考试。
③这个时态在口语中用得比较多，有事可以喝现在进行时换用：
am meeting
I her tomorrow evening.明晚我会和她见面。
? ll be meeting
are they
When leaving? 他们什么时候动身？
will they be
有时也可以和一般将来时换用，两者间有细微的差别，试比较下面句子：
I won?t see him while I ?m in shanghai. 在上海时我不会去看他。
I won?t be seeing him while I?m in shanghai. 在上海时我不会见到他。
Won?t you come with us? 你不想和我们一道去吗？（邀请）
Won?t you be coming with us? 你不和我们一道吗？（单纯谈论事实）
★将来完成时和将来完成进行时
①将来完成时，表示在将来某时某个动作已完成或某事情已发生：
By the end of the year I?ll have saved ￥1000.到年底时我就存了1000元了The train will have left when we get to the station.我们到车站时火车会已经开了。
②将来完成进行时，表示在将来某时某个动作已进行多久了：
In another month?s time I?ll have been studying here for ten years.再过一个月我在这里学习就满三年来。
On November 1 we?ll have been living in this flat for thirty years.到十一月一号我们在这套房子里就住满三十年了。
★一般过去时和过去进行时
一般过去时的用法
①一般过去时主要表示一个过去发生的动作（a）或存在的状态（b）:
a.I got to know her in 1998.我是1998年认识她的。
His grandfather died last year. 他爷爷是去年去世的。
b.They loved each other for twenty years.他们相爱了二十年。
She suffered a lot in her childhood. 小时候她受了很多苦。
②was和were 的用法：
was 用于第一、三人称单数（a ）, 其他情况都用were(b):
a.She was a lawyer. Now she?s a senator.她过去是律师，现在是参议员。
The party was a great success.晚会很成功。
b.The girls were not very happy about it. 姑娘们对此不太高兴
Some of us were students at that time.那时我们有些人还是学生。
③前一会儿发生的事也要用过去时表示：
She was here a minute ago. 她前一分钟还在这里。
Who told you this? 这事谁告诉你的？
也可表示过去习惯性的动作：
We often played badminton together. 我们经常在一起打羽毛球。
Sometimes we heatedly discussed these problems.有时我们热烈地讨论这些问题。
④在叙述性文字（如小说、故事等）中用这个时态时特别多，例如：
Johanna was born in Bristol. Her parents came from Ireland. Johanna’s father was a customs officer. Unfortunately, he died a few years ago.
Johanna grew up in the suburbs of Bristol. She started her education at a local school. When she was 18,she went to Bristol University. She majored in economics. While she was at university, she joined a folk group and started singing.
⑤在日常谈话中也会用到它：
I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这儿。
How did you find your way home?你怎么找到回家的路的？
已去世的情况一般用一般过去时表示：
Edison was a great inventor.爱迪生是伟大的发明家。
My grandfather lived a very simple life.我爷爷过着简朴的生活。（表示他已经不在人世）
注：在口语中，一般过去时有时用来代替一般现在时，使口气显得更缓和，因而更客气：
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favour.不知你可否帮我一个忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
在家人和熟人间不许用过去时替代现在时。
★过去进行时
常见用法：
①主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行，过去时间可以由一个状语表示出来：What were you doing when I rang you up?我给你打电话的时候你在干什么？
At that moment,I wasn?t doing anything.那会儿我什么都没干。
有时候时间由上下文表示出来：
Jane was in town.She was doing some shopping.简在城里，在买东西。
Someone was following her. She was scared.有人跟着她，她很害怕。
这个时态可以用在状语从句中：
He lost his purse when he was strolling across a meadow.他在草地上散步时把钱包丢了。
I got to know her when I was working in a pharmacy.我在药房工作时认识了她。
③过去进行时可以用来描绘一幅景象，作为描绘的开始：
A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and singing softly to herself.Then there was a knock at the door.炉火烧着，一只猫睡在炉火前。一个女孩在弹钢琴，轻声对自己唱着，这时有人敲门。
在故事中间也可用这个时态来描绘一幅景象：（小说里常能看到这样的段落）
At last we got to the top of the mountain.White snow covered everything.People were sitting in groups of three and four.Some were lying on their backs.When they saw us,they were very happy and shouted:”We thought you had lost your way!”最后我们爬上了山顶。白雪覆盖着一切，人们三五成群地坐着，有的人仰面躺着。他们看到我们时非常高兴，高声叫到：“我们还以为你们迷路了呢！”
过去进行时和一般过去时的比较
①过去进行时和一般过去时的几本差别是：过去进行时表示一个正在进行的动
作，而一般过去时表示一个已完成的动作。
I was writing an essay. 我在写一篇论文。（可能还没写完）
I wrote an essay yesterday. 我昨天写了一篇论文。（已写完）
They were building a skyscraper.他们在建一座摩天大楼。（在修建）
They build a skyscraper. 他们盖了一座摩天大楼。（已盖好）
②有些动词本身并不表示动作完成，如rain，snow, cough, wear,feel,wait, stay,
work等，这时用两种时态意思上差别不大：
She wore a blue coat.
She was wearing a blue coat. 她穿着一件蓝外套。
③用进行时态时，有时有感情色彩，特别是带always,forever,constantly这类状
语时，如：
She was always working.她总是不停地干活（赞扬）
He was constantly changing his mind.他老是改变主意。（不以为然）
④有时用过去进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点，如：
I was wondering whether you could give me some advice.不知道你能否给我出点主意。
★现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在完成时的基本用法：
①现在完成时表示一件已发生的事，这事往往与现在情况有联系：
I?ve lost my key.我钥匙丢了。（因此没办法进屋）
I?ve got a letter from my aunt.我收到姨妈的一封信。（因此直到她的近况）
②常可和just, already, yet, recently, ever这类副词连用：
He has just left.他刚走。
I have never broken my word.我从未违背过自己的诺言。
③也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用：
I …ve seen little of her in the past few years.过去几年中我很少见到她。
So far he has done very well at school.到现在为止他在学校表现很好。
④还常和for 及since 引导的状语或与how long连用：
He hasn?t cleaned his room for months.他有好几个月没打扫这房间了。
He has worn glasses since his childhood.他从小就戴眼镜。
⑤也常常单独使用不需任何状语：
We?re sent some people to help them.我们已派了几个人去帮助他们。
They have taken the injured people to hospital.他们把伤者送进了医院。
⑥这个时态还可表示持续到现在的状态：
The strike has continued for several weeks.罢工已持续了几个星期。
I have never believed those theories.我从不相信这些理论。
现在完成时和一般过去时的比较：
①这两个时态都谈已发生的事，主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关
系，或是对现在有影响，或谈现在以前这一段时间里发生的事，而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有联系。因此凡是有过去时间状语时，只能用过去时：
She was here a minute ago.一分钟之前她还在这里。
When did you come in?你什么时候进来的？
凡是单纯谈过去的事，与现在毫无联系时，多用过去时！
I have just had my lunch.我刚吃过午饭。（因此不饿）
I had my lunch in a cafeteria.我是在自助餐厅吃的午饭。
②有时同一个动作，根据具体情况，可能须用不同的时态，例如：
He?s been in the army for two years.他在部队两年了（还在部队）
He was in the army for two years.他在部队待过两年。（现在已离开）
③有些动作（虽然是过去的动作），尽管没有时间状语，人需用过去时：
Did you know that he was going to be married?你知道他要结婚了吗？
Did you see anything interesting at the exhibition?在展览会上有你看到什么有趣的东西吗？
有关现在完成时的几个问题
①have gone to 和have been to 的差别：
have gone to 表示“到某地去了”，因此人还在那里
have been to 表示“到（来）过某地”
②由since 引导的从句中的时态：
由since 引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语用现在完成时）：
We?ve been friends ever since we met at school.自从学校相遇以来，我们一直是朋友。
当表示“有多少时间”时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：
How long is it since you came here last time?自从上次来这里之后已经多久了？
在从句中有时可用现在完成时，特别是动词为be时：
It?s some time since I?ve written to her.有相当时间我没给她写信了。
③在时间及条件从句中，需用现在完成时代替将来完成时：
I?ll write a preface when I?ve finished the book.书写完后我将写一篇序。
If he hasn?t got up,don?t wake him.如果他还没起床，不要叫醒他。
④和time一道用的情况：
It?s only the second time he?s been in a palace.这只是他第二次进皇宫。
This is the fourth time she?s been out with him.这是她第四次和他一起外出。
在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：
This is the best tea I have ever drunk.这是我喝过的最好的茶了。
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.这是我看过的最有意思的书。
It?s the first good meal I?ve had for ages.这是好久以来我吃过的第一顿好饭。
⑤Have got 的特殊用法：
Have got 在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have 相同;
Have you got(=Do you have) a timetable?你有时刻表吗？
She hasn?t got any relations.她没有什么亲属。
I?ve got a bad headache.我头疼得很厉害。
⑥Have got to和have to 意思相同：
表示“不得不”：Y ou?ve got to be careful.你得当心。
That?s what we?ve got to do.这是我们不得不做的事。
★现在完成进行时的用法：
①表示一个持续到现在的动作（这动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行）：
I?ve been waiting(for) an hour and he still hasn?t turned up.我等了一个钟头，他还没来。
Y our fingers are brown. Y ou?ve been smoking too much.你手指都黄了，你抽烟提多。
②这个时态常和how long,long这类状语一起用：
How long have you been wearing glasses?你戴眼镜有多少年头了？
She?s been expecting a long distance call all night long.她等长途电话等了一夜了。
还可以和since及for 引导的状语一起用：
They have been quarrelling ever since they got married.自结婚以来他们一直争吵不休。
It has been raining for two hours now.雨已经下了两个小时了
③在不少情况下这个动作和现在状态有联系：
I?ve been shopping all day and I haven?t penny left.我买了一天的东西。
Aren?t you tired?Y ou?ve been standing for two hours.你不累吗？你站了两个钟头了。
④有时，表示动作的重复：
He hasn?t been eating regularly recently.近来他吃饭不规律。
I?ve been using this typewriter for 6 years.这台打字机我已用了六年了。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
①这两个时态的主要差别是，现在完成时表示动作已完成，而完成
进行时却不一定如此：
I?ve made a cake.我做了一个蛋糕。（已做好）
I?ve been making a cake.我一直在做蛋糕。（不一定做好了）They?ve built a bridge.他们建了一座桥。（已建好）
They?ve been building a bridge.他们一直在建一座桥。（可能还在建）
②许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时：
I?ve known that for a long time.这事我已知道很久了。
We?ve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks.几乎有两星期天气都很恶劣。
但当动词的意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：
I?ve been thinking of doing so for a long time.我好久以来一直想这样做。
The children have been looking forward to this holiday for months.孩子们好几个月来一直盼望着这个节目。
Want这个动词有时可用于完成进行时，表示：“一直想”：
Y ou?re the very man I?ve been wanting to meet.你正是我一直想见的人。
③有少数动词用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大，如：work, rain, hear,
look等等。
强调时间长度时用完成进行时较好：
I?ve been coughing all night.我咳了一整夜。（比I?ve coughed all night.更强调咳得久。
All these years we?ve been trying to get in touch with him.这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系。
★过去完成时
过去完成时的用法：
①过去完成时，表示过去某时前，某事已发生（可说是过去的过去）：
When I arrived Jane had just left.我到时简刚刚离开。
She had rushed out of the door before I could stop her.我还没来得及拦阻她已冲出门去了。
Before daybreak they had already wiped out all the enemy troops.拂晓前他们已把敌军全部歼灭。
②过去时间有时由一时间状语表示出来（如上例），但在更多情况下时间都由上
下文表示出来：
She found she had left her case on the train.她发现她把箱子遗忘在火车上了。
They took us to see the hydroelectric plant they had built.他们带我们去看他们修建的水力发电厂。
③这个时态还可用在故事中追叙更早时间发生的事：
Tom was 23 when our story begins. His father had died five years before. Since then Tom had lived alone. His father had advised him not to get married till he was 35,and Tom intended to follow this advice.我们的故事开始时汤姆23岁。他
的父亲五年前已经过世。从那时起汤姆一直一个人生活。他父亲曾劝他到35岁再结婚，汤姆打算照这个意思做。
叙述一幅景象：
Dusk had fallen. The moon was shining faintly on the winding road. Silence reigned in the village.夜色已经降临，淡淡的月光照在蜿蜒的路上，村子里一片宁静。
使用过去完成时的一些常用情况：
①用在宾语从句中（特别是在间接引语中）：
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。
She learned that scientists had made a breakthrough in the treatment of that disease.她了解到科学家在治疗那种疾病方面有了突破。
②用在状语从句中：
I found the letter long after he had gone away.他走后好久
我才找到那封信。
Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work.
不等我们吃完饭他就命令我们回去干活。
（一般过去将来时不讲）
时态的呼应：
某些从句特别是宾语从句中的动词时态，常受主句谓语时态的制约，如：I thought you were free.这句话中因受thought的影响，从句中的谓语只能用were free这个形式。如果主句谓语为现在时或将来
时，从句中的谓语可以不受影响.
英语的时态
般现在时 一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律 一般现在时J单三人称：动词r或es ［非单三人称：动词原形
动词第三人称单数的变化规则 1＞直接在动词后+S like- likes play-plays 2、以s, x, sh, ch,接尾時动词：+es wash-washes 3、以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es go-goes 4、以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es
fly-flies ?般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语everyday，often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.
3）表示格言或警句中。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much? Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
1)伦love (Cove) sports. 2)Sfie sings (sin^) we(L 3)Tom andjofin _____ w atch (watc? TV every evening. 4)My son goes (g? to scfiooCby 6i忽. 5)teacherusualfy ______ walk帥瑚)to school 6)Tive plus two _____ m akes (ma同seven. 7)TJiey ad I ike 伍匍kirn. 8)加sun____ falls (faj in the west. 二、一般过去时
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通 过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
高中英语教案时态总结 一、时态的内涵 Tense翻译为时态，包含时间+状态两个方面。 时间的划分：过去，现在，将来 状态的划分：一般，进行，完成 状态——实意动词： 四种形式例：go, went, gone, going 四种形式各有分工一般：go, went 进行：going 完成：gone 例： 一般 I go to school every day. I went to school yesterday. 进行 we are learning English. I was learning English when you called me yesterday. 完成 We have had breakfast. I had had breakfast by 8 this morning. 时间——助动词 那接下来又有新的问题了。比如说，现在分词，它只有一种形式，如going ,或者learning, 那我们时间又不一样，有过去进行的，现在进行的，比如刚才的两个例句，we are learning English, 我们用的是are. I was learning English yesterday when you called me. 用的是was. 所以我们发现，learning是没有变化的，但前面这个are, was是变化的。它们的变化就把这个时间讲清楚了。而它呢，位于learning实意动词之前的这个，叫助动词。也就是说，be，是个助动词。如果我问be是什么词很多同学肯定会说be是系动词，其实be又是助动词，又是系动词，这里的be就是助动词。大家该如何理解呢，看这里，一个实意动词，只能把状态讲清楚，但因为一个状态里面，有不同的时间，比如进行，有过去进行，现在进行，和将来进行，而实意动词本身不能把这个时间讲清楚，于是就借助于，求助于，助动词来帮忙，
表格式一般现在时态和语态 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian （not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park. 6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday. 7.He （help）the old man every week . 8.The old man （help）by him every week. 9.The building (visit) by many people every year.
一一般现在时 （一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作， 句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. （二）标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month…), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）谓语动词构成： 1 be动词的一般现在时：am is are（"是"，“在”） 2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候： （1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形 （2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es． （温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句） （四）.基本结构： 1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much. 2，否定句：主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他(在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesn’t do her housework every day. We don’t dance . He isn’t a worker. 3，一般疑问句：Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面）Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher? 4，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句Where does Tom come from? （五) 一般现在时态用法 （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用： eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100℃The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. （4）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 （六）一般现在时态的考点：
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 （200 2 全国高考题）—You haven ' t said a word about my new c，oaBt renda.Do you like it? —I ' m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it s pretty on A. wasn ' t saying B.don ' t say C.won' t say D.didn ' t say 2. ______________________________________ （2002全国高考题）I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn ' t written B.doesn 't write C.won' t write D.hadn ' t written 3. （2003北京春季高考题）—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. A. will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4. ____________________________________ （2003北京春季高考题）—How long at this job? —Since 1990. A. were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5. __________________________________________________________________ （2003上海春 季高考题）By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _________________ in Beijing. A. ________________________________ would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6. ________________________________ （2002北京高考题）The little girl _ her heart out because she _______________________ her toy bear and believed she wasn ' t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7. （2002北京高考题）—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8. ______ （2002上海高考题）He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9. ____________________________________________ （2002上海高考题）I feel it is your husband who __________________________________ for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10. _____________________________________________________________ He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still __________________________ . A.has been B.does C.has D.is
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信 息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤： (1) 注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感; (2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态 ; (3)考虑语态 ; (4)考虑时态的一致性。另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词， 这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。 1.(2002 全国高考题 )-You haven't said a word about my new coat ， Brenda.Do you like it? -I'm sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you. A.wasn't saying B.don't say C.won't say D.didn't say 2.(2002 全国高考题 )I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn't written B.doesn't write C.won't write D.hadn't written 3.(2003 北京春季高考题 )-When will you come to see me，Dad? -I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.(2003 北京春季高考题 )-How long ________ at this job? -Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5.(2003 上海春季高考题 )By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。） 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法： A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 (2002全国高考题)—You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? —I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say 2.(2002全国高考题)I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 3.(2003北京春季高考题)—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.(2003北京春季高考题)—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5.(2003上海春季高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6.(2002北京高考题)The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A.had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7.(2002北京高考题)—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8.(2002上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9.(2002上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________. A.has been B.does C.has D.is 11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to 12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down 13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married? —For about a year. A.have they known; get B.did they know; get C.do they know; are going to get D.had they known; got 14.You can’t move in right now.The house ________. A.has painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.is painting
高中英语时态分析教学 随着新课程改革的深入推进，学生在学习中主体地位的突现，教师作为课堂教学的主导者在进行教学时重过程，重导其表而疏其实。而学生在进行语法学习时，鉴于教师的过程化教学，往往容易形成对于知识的理解、掌握流于表象，对其实质知之甚少，让其说出各种时态的差异及用法时，绝大多数学生能迅速、流利“背”出相关理论性语言，但在具体运用时则不知所以然，甚至张冠李戴，导致错误。笔者从07年新课程改革全面实施以来，一直认真研读高中语法在新教材中的编排理论，及高中教师如何对新教材下语法知识的传导。结合自己在日常教学中的实践摸索，我认为高中英语时态教学中应从以下几个方面培养学生分析时态。 一、从概念入手 时态的概念是时态的本质。各种时态的概念诠释了各种时态谓语动词动作发生的内在实质，这是英语语言与作为我们母语的汉语所没有的特点。我们在教学中有对时态概念的分析，但流于表象、较抽象，学生难于从其实质上理解。部分学生仅仅从一般概念意义上去背诵、记忆，而无法从概念实质上去分析具体时态。怎么正确运用时态的概念去解决具体问题呢？ 首先应了解时态概念的实质。时态概念界定了谓语动词动作发生的时间范畴；谓语动词动作发生后，该动作所产生的影响；以及该动词动作本身具有的特征。如： 1、一般现在时：概念是经常性、习惯性的动作。 例：I usually get up at six in the morning. 时间范畴：任意一天的早晨 动作产生的影响：早6：00点起床。 动作的特征：动作在过去、现在、将来都会发生。 2、一般过去时：强调动作发生在过去的一个事实。 例：He went to Beijing last week. 时间范畴：过去特定的一个时间（last week） 动作影响：上周去了北京，至于现在情况则不清楚。 动作特征：上周（last week）该动作发生过，与现在无关。 3、现在完成时：动作发生在过去，但过去的时间不清楚，对现在造成一定的影响或结果。 例：I have read the book three times. 时间范畴：动作发生在一个不太清楚的过去。 动作影响：对现在又一定的影响，即主语对book有一定的了解。 动作特征：过去的动作与现在有关。 4、过去进行时：动作发生在过去特定的时间，强调过去动作的持续，与现在没有关系。 例：---can you tell me what I said just now? ---Sorry ,I was observing the dog near the river.
高中英语时态讲解 英语的基本时态由三种“时”(时间)，四种“态”(状态)交叉构成。 三种“时”：过去现在将来四种“态”：常态进行态完成态完成进行态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 Ⅰ现在时态：四种 1.一般现在时态：表示现存的状态(be动词)，经常做的动作 I do it. 我(经常)做这件事。 2.现在进行时态：表示正在进行的动作 I am doing it. 我(现在)正在做这件事。 3.现在完成时态：表示现在已经完成，对现在产生影响，形成结果 I have done it. 我(现在)已经做完这件事了。 4.现在完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行) I have been doing it. 我(现在)一直正在做这件事。 Ⅱ过去时态：四种 5.一般过去时态：表示过去存在的状态(be动词)，经常做的动作 I did it. 我(过去经常)做这件事。 6.过去进行时态：表示过去正在进行的动作 I was doing it. 我(过去的某个时间)正在做这件事。 7.过去完成时态：表示过去已经完成，对过去的某个时间产生影响，形成结果 I had done it. 我(过去的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。 8.过去完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行) I had been doing it. 我(到过去的某个时间)一直在做这件事。 Ⅲ将来时态：四种 9.一般将来时态：表示将来存在的状态(be动词)，将来经常做的动作 I will do it. 我将要做这件事。 10.将来进行时态：表示将来正在进行的动作 I will be doing it. 我将要正在做这件事。 11.将来完成时态：表示到将来的某个时间已经完成，对那个时间产生影响，形成结果 I will have done it. 我(到将来的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。 12.将来完成进行时态：表示将来一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行) I will have been doing it. 我(到将来的某个时间)将一直在做这件事。 Ⅳ过去将来时态：四种(平时根本用不到，只在讲故事或小说中出现) 13.一般过去将来时态：表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来存在的状态(be动词)，将来经常做的动作，对现在来讲已成过去 I would do it.
高中英语时态练习 1. —______ my glasses? —Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen 2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t writt en B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written 3. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 4. —How long ______ David and Vicky ______ married? —For about four years. A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; get 5. How can you possibly miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 6. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book______50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached 7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 8. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing 9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ______ before. A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had 10. My brother is an actor. He ______in several film so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 11. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 12. Although modern medicine ______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 13. — ______ leave at the end of this month. —I don’t think you should do that until ______ another job. A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d find 14. This machine ______. It hasn’t worked for years. A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working 15. My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 16. I ______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.