写作：
找出下面段落的主题句：
I. My sister was the first person who made me question my conventional ideas about teaching English. She had a son in the seventh grade in a fairly good public school. His teacher had asked the class to read Cooper’s The Deerslayer. The choice was bad enough in itself; whether looking at man or nature, Cooper was superficial, inaccurate, and sentimental, and his writing is ponderous and ornate. But to make matters worse, this teacher had decided to give the book microscope and X-ray treatment. He made the students look up and memorize not only the definitions but the derivations of every big word that came along –and there were plenty. Every chapter was followed by close questioning and testing to make sure the students “understood”everything. Being then, as I said, conventional, I began to defend the teacher, who was a good friend of mine, against my sister’s criticisms. What was wrong with making sure that children understood everything they read? My sister answered that until this class her boy had always loved reading, and had read a lot on his own; now he had stopped.
II. Music is used in stores to encourage you to buy more. It is used in fast food eating places to make you eat faster and get out. Indeed, music is used in many ways to affect people’s feelings and actions. It is used in factories to speed up the workers and increase the amount of work produced. It is used in hospitals to make the sick feel better and more tranquil. And, at sports events, music is used to make players try harder.
III. When on is speaking to one’s family, for example, one uses a certain level of speech, a certain diction perhaps, a tone of voice, an inflection, suited to the intimacy of the occasion. But when one faces an audience of strangers, as a politician does, for instance – and he is the most social of emn – it seems right and proper for him to reach for the well-turned phrase, even the poetic word, the aphorism, the metaphor. And his gestures, his stance, his tone of voice, all become larger than life; moreover, his character is not what gives him these prerogatives, but his role. In other words, a confrontation with society permits us, or even enforces upon us, a certain reliance upon ritual.
IV. Both of my parents have black hair and dark skin and both have low voices and gentle personalities. They both like nature and are fond of gardening, walking and swimming. They are both interested in reading and music; they often go to the theatre together. They both believe in giving their children love and responsibilities and neither punishes us physically.
V. Our whole modern civilization is built on mathematics! Not a street can be laid, a foundation dug, or a building constructed, without the use of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Not a machine can be designed, an engine’s performance predicted, an electric power plant constructed, without mathematics through calculus. And the design of an airplane, a ship, a guided missile, or an electronic computer requires a profound knowledge of higher mathematics. No one, in short, from a grocer’s clerk to the nuclear physicist can do without mathematics –and the study of mathematics can be a great adventure in the methods of quantitative thinking which will provide a lifetime of better understanding of a technological world.
VI. Today’s pop music is sending several dominant messages. Material values are in the ascendant, but idealism is by no means a spent force. Most pop songs are love songs, as always, but today’s versions try to look at relationships without rose- colored glasses. Romantic notions are viewed with some suspicion, so are drugs. And important rock artists and rappers, while no longer anticipating radical change, are addressing these issues, and challenging their listeners to actively confront the world around them. There have probably been more angry protest lyrics written and recorded in the last three or four years than in any comparable period of the 60’s.
VII. “…in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream.”Even though I am an Anglo-American who has never been the victim of racial prejudice, I think I have experienced a prejudice akin to that which inspired Martin Luther King, Jr., to pen those words. For the past two years, I have had to cope with the stigma of being an English teacher. In simple terms, people assume that since I teach English, I always sit in judgment of their usage and grammar. I can cite numerous examples of this kind of thinking.
VIII. Winter and summer were two hostile lives, and bred two separate natures. Winter was always the effort to live; summer was tropical license. Whether the children rolled in the grass, or waded in the brook, or swam in the salt ocean, or sailed in the bay, or fished for smelts in the creeks, or netted minnows in the salt-marshes, or took to the pine-woods and the granite quarries, of chased muskrats and hunted snapping-turtles in the swamps, of mushrooms or nuts on the autumn hills, summer and country were always sensual living, while winter was always compulsory learning. Summer was the multiplicity of nature; winter was school.
IX. The sky is a clear blue. Sparrows chirp in the early mornings. The fruit trees in the backyard are beginning to bloom. The hills are turning green, and purple and yellow wildflowers are appearing in the fields. The snow on top of the mountain has all melted. It must finally be spring.
主题句的写法多种多样，下面是一些常见的类型：
1.设疑句：主题句以问题的形式写出。
Should a man put loyalty to his country above loyalty to his friend?
2.要领式：以陈述句的形式概括出段落的中心思想。
Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eyes, but it can also refer to what appeals to the mind.
3.对比式：以对照引出主题。
In choosing an ideal husband, some suggest wealth, while some look for a man who is handsome.
4.定义式：概念先行，把所要写的内容用某个概念先行下个定义。
Concrete words are those which are precise and accurate in their meanings.
5.引用式：引用名人语录或谚语、俗语等作为主题句。
As Francis Bacon says, “Writing makes an exact man.”
6.特写式：挑选引人注目的事实、数据作为主题句。
Last night a fire destroyed a net bar in Beijing and killed more than twenty people.
7.引叙句：从某人的经历谈起，引出主题句。
When he first came to Shanghai, he was astounded by its crowdedness.
划出下面主题句的支配思想（Controlling Ideas）:
1.Smoking is harmful to people’s health.
2. A good dictionary is an indispensable tool to the writer.
3.He was always cheerful.
4.The space program has been a great expense to this country.
5.The summer in Scotland can be very exciting.
6.Terrorism is a dangerous threat to international security.
7.The treaty of Vienna had three outstanding effects.
8.In the 1980s, many public schools faced doubtful survival.
9. A man owes it to himself to have a modest checking account, a few friends and integrity.
10.Poets may be divided into two classes: the musicians and the psychologists.
阅读下面的段落，然后写出一个句子充当段落的主题句：
1.____________________________________________________________________. When a
person drives a car, he can be alone, or at least choose his companions. He is not troubled by the presence of numerous strangers, many of whom he might consider obnoxious or even dangerous. This privacy has other aspects as well. At a time when public authorities are increasingly harassing various types of presumably antisocial behavior, the driver can order his own life reasonably well in his car. As an important example, public authorities are hassling smokers. The more that smoking is prohibited in “public” transportation systems, the more attractive the automobile is to nicotine addicts. In addition, for many people, the time spent driving is the only extended opportunity for contemplation. You can talk to yourself, or sing. The female driver is not ogled or caressed as the female transit passenger is.
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______________________________. In 1990 there were five halfway houses for the needy in our city; in 1993 there were only three, and today we have only two. Furthermore, in 1992 we had six day-care centers; today we have only three and all of them are over-crowded. And finally, the hours our chest x-ray clinic is available to the public have been severely curtailed, while our home for battered wives must now rely on private donations. These facts seem to indicate that instead of reducing social welfare budget, we should significantly increase it. 3.According to Freud, we revert in our dreams to the modest of thought characteristic of early
childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial and non-logical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of. Dreams are absurd and unaccountable because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them.
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A holy man in India may think that happiness is in himself. It is in needing nothing outside
himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits still there with all attention to his religious contemplation, free even of his own body, or nearly free of it. If some admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves all the same. What is outside world has got nothing to do with his happiness. We westerners, however, are taught that the more we have from outside ourselves, the happier we will be, and then we are made to want. We are told that it is only in
wanting that our happiness lies. Advertising, one of our major industries, exists not only to satisfy our desires but to create them.
5. A pack of cigarettes usually costs about one dollar; therefore people who smoke two packs of
cigarette a day spend $2.00 on their habit. At the end of one year, these smokers have spent at least $370.00. But the price of cigarettes is not the only expense cigarette smokers incur. Since cigarette smoke has an offensive odor that permeates clothing, stuffed furniture, and carpet, smokers often find that these items must be cleaned more frequently than nonsmokers do.
Finally, smokers have to spend money on medicines for the diseases which are incurred by their smoking habit such as coughing, bronchitis, etc.
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Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；
2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；
3.我认为…
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KEY:
I. My sister was the frirst person who made me question my conventional ideas about teacdhing English.
II. Indeed, music is used in many ways to affect people’s feelings and actions.
III. In other words, a confrontation with society permits us, or even enforces upon us, a certain reliance upon ritual.
IV. My parents look and behave like each other.
V. Our whole modern civilization is built on mathematics!
VI. Today’s pop music is sending several dominant messages.
VII. For the past two years, I have had to cope with the stigma of being an English teacher.
VIII. Winter and summer were two hostile lives, and bred two separate natures.
IX. It must finally be spring.
划出下面主题句的支配思想（Controlling Ideas）:
11.Smoking is harmful to people’s health.
12.A good dictionary is an indispensable tool to the writer.
13.He was always cheerful.
14.The space program has been a great expense to this country.
15.The summer in Scotland can be very exciting.
16.Terrorism is a dangerous threat to international security.
17.The treaty of Vienna had three outstanding effects.
18.In the 1980s, many public schools faced doubtful survival.
19.A man owes it to himself to have a modest checking account, a few friends and integrity.
20.Poets may be divided into two classes: the musicians and the psychologists.
阅读下面的段落，然后写出一个句子充当段落的主题句：
1.The rider in a car has privacy.
2.The assumption that budget cuts should be made in our social service programs needs careful
consideration.
3.Some of Freud’s interpretations are extremely fanciful, but there is almost certainly some truth
in his view that dreams express the sub-conscious mind.
4.The right to pursue happiness is issued to us all, but people in the east and west have different
notions of happiness.
5.Thus we can see that the habit of smoking can be very expensive.
写作范文：
Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese
With China’s opening up, intercultural communication has become more and more frequent between Chinese and foreigners. A good command of at least one foreign language has increasingly been an essential skill for us. People, especially the youths, pay much more attention to foreign language acquisition than Chinese study.
Various factors can account for this situation. First of all, a good command of a foreign language may help young people to get a good job while Chinese skills may be of no significance in one’s job hunting and even their career. Consequently, some students may not treasure Chinese
language any longer. Apart from that, nowadays fewer and fewer universities stimulate Chinese language study in campus, which has caused it to be marginalized. Under this circumstance, Chinese language becomes less and less popular in universities. It is clear that professors in the field of Chinese study are not so respected than they were before.
In view of this situation, effective measures should be taken to change it. First, the whole society should emphasize the importance of Chinese language in order to make it clear that it is one indispensable part of Chinese culture and Chinese race. Second, schools should promote Chinese language study and research. In addition, we individuals should contribute our own efforts to the study and protection of Chinese language.
To conclude, we should pay great attention to Chinese language, since the importance of it is never too great to be exaggerated.
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倒装句的写作训练 【训练一】 请根据以下内容要点写一篇日记 1 我的同学Mary一上公共汽车就找钱买票； 2. 她翻遍了口袋每能找到钱，她意思到自己没带钱； 3.我帮她买了车票，她感激地向我点头； 4.下午，我的桌面上有一封短信和三块钱，信上说；“如果不是你的帮助，我会迟到的。我将永远不会忘记你的热心帮助。” 写作要求：1..尽量多用倒装句。 2.日记格式已给出：October 19，Monday 2009 Fine 【训练一】 October 19，Monday 2009 Fine Hardly had Mary, one of my classmates, got on the bus when she searched all her pockets in order to pay the fare. Try as she might, she couldn’t find any money with her. Not until then did she realize that she had forgotten to take some money with her, so I paid for her. So grateful was she that she nodded to me. In the afternoon, when I came back to school, on my desk was a letter with three Yuan in it, which reads: had it not been for your help, I would have been late for school. Never will I forget your kindness.
英语写作专题第3课如何写好并列句 前言： 写作过程中我们会遇到两个或更多的相关的思想，如用简单句来表达这些密切相关的思想，就不能更好地表现出它们之间的关系。再者，如果通篇文章都是简单句，尽管文章将要点内容都覆盖了，阅卷时得分也不会很高。在这种情况下，就要适当使用并列句和复合句，提高文章的可读性与质量。 本节课主要训练并列句的写作。其实方法很简单：可根据个要点形成几个简单句，再将简单句中有内在逻辑联系的句子用适当的并列连词合并为并列句。 目标：1. 掌握并列句的概念； 2. 灵活运用并列连词。 方法：1. 自主学习，小组合作讨论； 2. 讲授要点。 导入：英语中，一个句子的判断标准：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词。 英语中，两个句子不能像中文一样随意连接，而必须通过以下的三种方式中任何一种来进行连接，这就是英语的“两个句子连接方式”。 并列句：两个及两个以上的简单句用并列连词或特殊标点符号在一起构成的句子叫并列句。 特征：（1）无主从句之分； （2）可独立存在。 一、并列连词的意义与作用 1．由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。 2．并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词（或连接副词）+ 简单句 3．所有并列连词（或连接副词）的归类与功能的概括 并列连词其它意思相似的并列连词/副词在句子中表示的意思 and furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, also, likewise(同样地,也,又), not only…but also 并列或递进（基本词义：此外，而且） 两个句子的连接方式 1. 特殊标点号；： 2. 并列连词 and but …… 3. ，+ 连接词 what, where …… 复合句
写好简单句基本句型是写作的关键。简单句的写作原则：（1）抓住句子结构；（2）以动词为核心；（3）掌握时态/语态，主谓一致 Lead-in：分析下列句子的结构 1. I swear(发誓).—结构 2. I like English. —结构 3. I am serious. —结构 4. I can tell you why. —结构 5. I find it very interesting. —结构 一、“主+谓（vi）” 1. He worked hard to support his family. 2. The war broke up in 1928. Summary：主谓结构是由“主语+动词/”构成。 Exercise 1 找出下列句子的主语和谓语 1.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 2.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 3.The May Fourth Movement broke up in Beijing in 1919. 4.Classes begins at 7:40 every day. 5.It rained heavily as soon as we got home. 1111
Exercise 2完成下列句子，注意所用动词的正确形式 1. 今早他起得很早。 this morning. 2. 近年来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 In recent years， in our school. 3. 我们已经等了他很长时间，但他却没有出现。（turn up） We had been waiting for him for a long time，but . 4. 没有人知道世界是何时形成的。(come into being) No one knows . 5. 一些珍稀动物正在消失.(rare animals; die out) . 二、“主+谓（vt）+宾” 1. I remembered his name. 2. She look after the baby carefully. 3. I decide d to see him. Summary：主谓宾结构其中的谓语动词是动词（词组）或是动词+介词形式。 (不及物动词+ 介词= 及物动词) Exercise 3完成下列句子,注意动词的正确形式 1. 他经常在早上读英语。 in the morning. 2. 我希望你会原谅我。I hope that . 3.昨天我收到了你的来信。yesterday. 2222
. . 练习题答案第一章应用文写作概述 1．什么是应用文？应用文的写作特点是什么？ 答：应用文是指国家机关、企事业单位、社会团体及人民群众在日常工作、生活中办理公务和个人事务时经常使用的具有惯用格式的文书。应用文的写作特点有实用性、时效性、真实性、规性和限制性。 2．应用文写作的基本要素包括那几个部分？ 答：应用文写作的基本要素包括主题、材料、结构和语言。 3．如何对应用文进行审查和修改？ 答：在审查应用文时可以自己审查，也可以请别人帮忙审查；在修改应用文时，应灵活掌握增、减、调、换四种修改方式的使用。 4．应用文的写作者应具备哪些能力？ 答：应用文的写作者应具备观察认知能力、思维能力、文字表达能力以及多媒体技术的运用能力。 第二章行政公文 一、判断题 1．×２．√３．√４．×５．×６．×７．√８．√９．× 二、问答题 1．行政公文作为行政机关行政的工具，具有哪些特点？ 答：行政公文作为行政机关行政的工具，具有政治性、法定刑、规性、强制性和规律性的特点。 2．通告的正文部分有哪些组成要素？ 答：通告的正文通常由引据、事项和结语三部分组成。 3．通知有哪些类型？各自的作用是什么？ 答：通知按其功能可分为指示性通知，事务性通知，批转、转发性通知和会议通知等类型，其中指示性通知用于上级机关向下级机关布置工作、做出相应指示；事务性通知用来传达、安排事务性工作；发布性通知用于颁布除国家
法律外的其他文件；批转、转发性通知用于将本机关收到的上级、下级或不相隶属机关的来文，转给所属下级机关或其他机关；会议通知用于召开比较重要的会议前，将会议的有关情况告知有关单位或人员。 4．在写作通报时应注意哪些事项？ 答：在写作通报时应注意事例要典型、评议要得当、叙述要全面简明、要掌握结构比例。 5．报告的主要作用是什么？具有哪些特点？ 答：报告主要适用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况，答复上级机关的询问，此外，报告还用于向上级机关报送材料。报告具有单向性和述性的特点。 6．请示最多有几个主送机关？其正文部分惯用的结语有哪些？ 答：请示只能有一个主送机关，不能多头请示。请示正文常用的结语有“当否，请审批”、“当否，请批示”、“以上请示，请批复”和“以上请示，盼复”等。 7．批复的标题有几种形式？各是由哪些元素组成的？ 答：批复的标题有5种形式，分别是发文机关+事由+文种、事由+文种、发文机关+事由+主送机关+文种、事由+主送机关+文种和复+原请示标题。 8．致函和复函的正文结构和惯用结语有何不同？ 答：致函的开头要开门见山，直接提出发函缘由，简述发函的目的、理由或依据。然后用简洁的语言将需要商洽、联系、询问、告知的事项明确地表达出来。复函是被动行文，开头要引叙来函的日期、标题、发文字号等，以体现其针对性。致函的结尾惯用“请大力协助为盼”、“望能同意”等做结语；复函的结尾通常使用“特此回复”、“特此复函”等惯用语做结语。 9．意见的主要作用是什么？具有哪些特点？ 答：意见适用于对重要问题提出见解和处理办法。意见具有广泛性、多向性和灵活性的特点。 第三章事务文书 一、判断题 1．√2．×3．√4．×5．√6．×7．√8．× 二、问答题 1．简报的作用是什么？具有哪些特点？ 答：简报是机关、团体、企事业单位部，或是某项中心工作、某次重要会议中，用以沟通信息、交流经验、反映情况、指导工作的一种期刊式常用文书。简报具有简、快、新的特点。 ·2·
第三讲整齐有序的并列句 李仕才 一、并列句的种类 并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。 1.联合并列句常由并列连词(短语)and，not only...but also...等连接。 Use your head，and you will find a way. 用用脑子，你就会找到方法。 Not only will after-class activities make your life colorful，but also they improve your learning skills. 课外活动不仅使你的生活丰富多彩，而且会提高你的学习技能。 2.转折并列句常由并列连词but，while，yet，whereas，nevertheless等连接。 I would have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 昨天晚上我本来想去参加聚会，但我不得不加班完成报告。 He is fat while his brother is very thin. 他很胖而他的弟弟很瘦。 3.选择并列句常由并列连词(短语)or，otherwise，either...or...等连接。 Either you follow my instructions or you leave here. 你或者遵守要求或者离开这儿。 Wear your coat or you will catch a cold. 穿上外衣否则你会感冒的。 4.因果并列句由并列连词so，for，therefore等连接。 I’m sorry for I won’t be able to visit Beijing with you tomorrow. 对不起，明天我不能和你一块去北京。 Their car is bigger and therefore more comfortable. 他们的车更大，因此更加舒服。 二、并列连词构成的句式
用倒装句改写下列句子 1.I didn’t go to bed until father came back. 2. We can get along very well with each other only in this way. 3. A tall tower stands in front of the building. 4. Traveling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons. 5. I was so angry I telephoned the police, who came shortly after. 6. I could hardly believe my ears. 7. He seldom refuses to help others if ever. 8. I had hardly finished my homework when my best friend Tom came. 9. I don’t know where he has gone, and I don’t care, either. I don’t know where he has gone, 10. You disagree with them, and I disagree with it, too. 11. He didn’t say a single word at the meeting. 12. the policeman rushed out. 13. Our teachers and some parents were seated on the platform.
2018写作训练第二讲 5 种基本句式 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基本句式如下：①主语＋谓语(不及物动词)；②主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语；③主语＋系动词＋表语；④主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；⑤主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 (2016·天津高考书面表达)How time 主语 flies 谓语 ！ 时间过得真快呀！ (2016·四川高考书面表达)And I 主语 can play 谓语 outside too! 我也可以在外面玩耍。 单句写作 1．为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。 In order to keep fit ，we should exercise regularly ． 2．(湖南高考书面表达)因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。 Therefore ，this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. 3．这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。 Here many high buildings have appeared with green trees growing quickly. 4．(2015·北京高考书面表达)训练营将于7月20号开始。 This camp will open on July 20th. 5．(江西高考)沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。 Bathed in the sunshine ，we jumped and cheered with joy ． 在此句型中，谓语为及物动词。及物动词本身需要一个动作的承受者(即宾语)才可以表达完整的意思。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。 (2016·全国卷甲书面表达)Our school photography club 主语 is going to hold 谓语 an International High School Student Photography Show 宾语 . 我们学校摄影俱乐部打算举办国际中学生摄影展。 (2016·全国卷乙书面表达)I 主语 plan 谓语to find a part-time job in a foreign capital company 宾语.
建议用时：55分钟 Ⅰ.完形填空 [2015·河南洛阳统考一]In a food store I heard a woman say her foot was hurt and that she was going to call a cab. When walking back home I saw her outside the store, probably ___1___ for a cab. I asked her where she was going. She told me a place which was actually on the ___2___ to the craft store I'd be ___3___ to. So I asked her to ___4___ the cab and I'd give her a ride. To my ___5___，she said okay without ___6___. I wonder if I'd have been so ___7___ if a stranger made me the same offer! Where she was going was ___8___ on the way to where I was going. It was such a ___9___ coincidence. But there was more! When I had ___10___ what I went for and was waiting at the checkout, the woman behind me said she had a coupon (优惠卷) for 50% off any ___11___ in the store. She gave it to me because she had a(n) ___12___ one! I thanked and gave her a ___13___ card. They say what goes around comes around, but sometimes it is hard to see how that ___14___ as there is often a “manifestation (显现) delay”. Each action ___15___ a ripple (涟漪) that eventually ___16___ back to us, but sometimes it is much ___17___ so we forget their connection. Today the causes and effects have appeared in a linkable manner where in ___18___ I'm also opening myself to receiving gifts, now or in the future. I can learn so much from others as to how ___19___ they are to receive in a way I might not have been if ___20___ the same gift. 本文讲述了作者在帮助了一位女士之后，又得到了另外一位女士的帮助。 1．A.caring B．waiting
完全倒装练习题 1. Hardly __________the office when it began to rain. A. did I leave B. had I left C. I left D. I had left 2. _________ for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties. A. Had it not B. Had it not been C. If it were not D. If we had not been 3. ______________ , with tears in her eyes. A. Out she rushes B. Out rushes she C. Out does she rush D. Rush does she out 4. ______________ her new dress in front of the mirror. A. On went B. Went on C. Did go on D. Does go on 5. By his side __________. A. stand his son B. stood his son C. his son stood D. did his son stand 6._________ here tomorrow, he would show us his new pictures. A. Were he to come B. Should he come C. Had he come D. A&B 7. This dress doesn’t fit me.___________ does
倒状语法讲解加专项练习 英语中的倒装结构不仅是各类考试的重点，也是我们在阅读理解中正确理解句意的关键，同时也是我们写作增色的措施之一。由此可见，我们有必要掌握其结构和用法。由于倒装结构较多，下面笔者采用一表将其重点内容列出，以使其结构与用法一目了然。 全部倒装无需助动词 一．here，there，in，up，down，off，away, out, over, back, now, then, before, thus 等副词开头的句子，用来表示强调。 1.Thus ended the meeting. Thus was the wallet stolen. 2.Now comes your turn. 二．表示地点的介词短语作状语且位于句首时。 1．副词＋谓语＋主语 2。副词+主语+谓语（主语为代词不倒装） 3．介词短语＋谓语＋主语 (例句：1．Mr Li came in．＝In came Mr Li．＝In he came． 2．A girl stood in front of the house．＝In front of the house stood a girl．）三．表语置于句首，强调表语，或保持句子平衡。 （形容词、ed分词、ing分词、介词短语）＋be＋主语（例句： 1．Present at the meeting was Professor Li． 2．Fastened on the wall was a gun． 3．Hanging behind the door was a skirt． 4．Outside the doctor's were 10patients．） 部分倒装需要借助助动词副词 一．only ＋副词、介词短语、状语从句，（位于句首时。但only ＋主语位于句首不倒装） 倒装主句：1．Only then did I realize I was wrong． 2．Only at work does he feel happy． 3．Only if he has time will he come here．（Only socialism can save China．）二．hardly，never，not，no，little，seldom，not until，in no time等否定词（短语）位于句首时。 1．I have never been to London．＝Never have I been to London． 2．Seldom does she wear skirt． 3．Not a single mistake did he make． 三．so．．．that中so或such．．．that中such位于句首时。
英语作文并列句 《英语作文并列句》。篇一：英语写作专题第3课如何写好并列句 英语写作专题第3课如何写好并列句 前言： 写作过程中我们会遇到两个或更多的相关的思想，如用简单句来表达这些密切相关的思想，就不能更好地表现出它们之间的关系。再者，如果通篇文章都是简单句，尽管文章将要点内容都覆盖了，阅卷时得分也不会很高。在这种情况下，就要适当使用并列句和复合句，提高文章的可读性与质量。 本节课主要训练并列句的写作。其实方法很简单：可根据个要点形成几个简单句，再将简单句中有内在逻辑联系的句子用适当的并列连词合并为并列句。 目标：1.掌握并列句的概念； 2.灵活运用并列连词。 方法：1.自主学习，小组合作讨论； 2.讲授要点。 导入：英语中，一个句子的判断标准：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词。
英语中，两个句子不能像中文一样随意连接，而必须通过以下的三种方式中任何一种来进行连接，这就是英语的“两个句子连接方式”。 并列句：两个及两个以上的简单句用并列连词或特殊标点符号在一起构成的句子叫并列句。特征：（1）无主从句之分； （2）可独立存在。 一、并列连词的意义与作用 1．由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。 2．并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词（或连接副词）+ 简单句 3．所有并列连词（或连接副词）的归类与功能的概括 1 ① and:连接两个同等概念。 1) and 连接并列的两个人或事物，在肯定句中用and,在否定句中用or。 They can sing and dance. They can hardly see or hear. 2) 在双重否定句中，有时状语成分的并列用and，但并列成分出现在主句中，用or 不用and. Man can’t live without a ir and water.
简单句五种基本句型微技能写作训练 写好简单句基本句型是写作的关键。简单句的写作原则：（1）抓住句子结构；（2）以动词为核心；（3）掌握时态/语态，主谓一致 Lead-in：分析下列句子的结构 1. I swear(发誓).—结构 2. I like English. —结构 3. I am serious. —结构 4. I can tell you why. —结构 5. I find it very interesting. —结构 一、“主+谓（vi）” 1. He worked hard to support his family. 2. The war broke up in 1928. Summary：主谓结构是由“主语+动词/”构成。 Exercise 1 找出下列句子的主语和谓语 1.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 2.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 3.The May Fourth Movement broke up in Beijing in 1919. 4.Classes begins at 7:40 every day. 5.It rained heavily as soon as we got home.
Exercise 2完成下列句子，注意所用动词的正确形式 1. 今早他起得很早。this morning. 2. 近年来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 In recent years，in our school. 3. 我们已经等了他很长时间，但他却没有出现。（turn up） We had been waiting for him for a long time，but . 4. 没有人知道世界是何时形成的。(come into being) No one knows . 5. 一些珍稀动物正在消失.(rare animals; die out) . 二、“主+谓（vt）+宾” 1. I remembered his name. 2. She look after the baby carefully. 3. I decide d to see him. Summary：主谓宾结构其中的谓语动词是动词（词组）或是动词+介词形式。 (不及物动词+ 介词= 及物动词) Exercise 3完成下列句子,注意动词的正确形式 1. 他经常在早上读英语。in the morning. 2. 我希望你会原谅我。I hope that . 3.昨天我收到了你的来信。yesterday. 4. 他妈妈进来时，他假装正在做作业。 When his mother came in，.
1.他拖了那么长时间的课，几乎所有的学生都厌倦了。（prolong his lesson） To such an extent did he prolong his lesson that almost all his students got bored. 2.他不在乎别人怎么看待他。（little） Little does he care about how others regard him./Litter does he mind how others look at him. 3.她不但去过东京，还在那里的一家合资企业做了一段时间的秘书。（a joint venture） Not only has she been to Tokyo but also she worked as a secretary in a joint venture there for some time, 4.虽然他失去了钱，但是他从中得到了真相。（draw） Lose money as he did,he drew the lesson from it. 5.从山顶上可以看到整个村庄和村民赖以生存的小河。（depend on） From the top of the mountain can be seen the whole village and a small river which the villagers depend on for their life. 6.大多数上海人吃住穿短缺的日子将一去不复返。（suffer） Gone will be the day when most Shanghainese suffer from a shortage of food,clothes and shelter. 7.在任何情况和任何时间，我都不会放弃我的志向。（abandon my ambition） Under no circumstances and at no time will I abandon my ambition. 8.要不是你的警告，我会犯更严重的错误。（warning） Had it not been for your warning,I would have made a more serious mistake. 9.只有当你拥有需求很大的特殊技能时，你才能容易地在就业市场上找到一份工作。（in the job market） Only when you have the special skill in great demand can you land a job easily in the job market. 10.他活着时很少被绊倒过。（alive） Seldom did he stumble and fall when he was alive.
标准 应用文写作课程标准 一、课程的性质、目的和任务 《应用文写作》是一门培养中职生常见应用文写作能力的实践性课程，具有综合性、实用性、工具性特征。本课程把培养学生“适应特定场景情境的能力”和“自主动手写作的能力”放在突出的位置，通过应用文写作基础理论和各种应用文体知识的教学与写作训练，使学生掌握应用文写作的基本知识和基本技巧，提高常用应用文的写作能力，以适应当前和今后在学习、生活、工作中的写作需要，并通过常见应用文的案例分析和写作训练，培养学生处理职业生涯及日常生活应用文的写作能力，让学生具备未来职业生涯的可持续发展能力。 （一）课程定位 《应用文写作》学习领域课程按照写作过程设计，可操作性强，充分体现了职业岗位写作过程的涵，并采用“教、学、写”一体化的教学模式，使学生应达到以下基本要求： 1、掌握“必需”的应用文写作的基本理论和基础知识。 2、能准确地阅读、评鉴一篇应用文书，能对具体的应用文书就观点、材料、结构、格式、语言等方面加以分析评鉴。 3、能熟练写出观点正确、容充实、结构合理、层次分明、表达清晰、语言得体、标点正确的各类常用应用文书。 《应用文写作》课程基于当前社会把应用文写作能力视为现代人必备的五大核心能力之一这样的整体认知背景，选取与学生生活、职业等紧密联系的应用文文种，根据它们之间的在联系，以模块化的形式对教学容进行了整合。在教学环节上，一般是先以“情境导入”或“案例分析与点评”启发学生对某一文体的认识和思考，再以“相关知识”让学生掌握这种应用文的
写作知识和写作要领，然后以“写作实践”和“病文修改”有效提高学生的写作技能。（二）总体目标 本课程是培养学生应用写作能力综合性和实践性都很强的专业选修课程。本课程把培养学生“解决实际问题的能力”和“自主学习能力”放在突出的位置上以日常文书、行政公文、事务文书、经济文书、职业文书等文种的文体知识和写作训练为主要教学容并通过案例分析和写作训练培养学生处理职业生涯及日常生活应用文的写作能力激发学生的自主学习能力让学生具备未来职业生涯的可持续发展能力。课程对不同的专业而言有着不同的性质对文科学生是一门文化基础课对理工科学生则是一门人文素质课也是一门技能课。 （三）具体目标（能力目标、知识目标、素质目标） 1.能力目标 （1）根据日常生活和工作的需要，撰写主题明确、材料准确翔实、结构完整恰当、表达通顺合理的实用文书。 （2）掌握行政公文的格式，能根据具体材料撰写相关的通知、通报、请示、报告和函等常用公文。 （3）能撰写个人简历、自荐信、求职信和应聘书等职业文书。 （4）能设计调查问卷、撰写市场调查报告，能设计产品策划书、广告词等。 2.知识目标： （1）理解与礼仪应用、事业单位、行政公文、产品营销、个人求职、新闻宣传等实际情境密切相关的常用应用文种类。 （2）了解应用文写作的材料搜集方法和写作规律。 （3）使学生掌握各类应用文体写作的基本格式、写作要求和方法技巧，能熟练地写好与自己所学专业密切相关的常用应用文。
写作之复合句；并列句的使用 概述 高考英语书面表达中，考生如果大量使用结构单一、长度相当的简单句，且句子之间缺乏连贯性和逻辑性，就会导致文章平淡乏味，可读性不强。一篇好的文章应含有多种句式，即简单句、并列句和复合句一应俱全。这些句式各自具有不同的特点，它们的巧妙组合会使文章句式多变，逻辑连贯，表达流畅，带来一种错落有致、形式多样的美感。 一、掌握各类并列连词的使用 并列句一般由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成。并列句通过并列连词或分号连接起来。依据并列句前后分句的逻辑关系，并列句可表示递进关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系、时间关系、对比关系等。这些关系都是通过并列连词来表现的。以下为各类并列句常用的并列连词。 类型 连词 递进关系and (then), as well (as), not only… but(also)…，neither… nor… 转折关系but, yet, whereas, while, although, though 选择关系either… or…，not… but…，whether… or not 因果关系for, so, because; since; as 对比关系but, while, whereas, nevertheless 并列句常用句型 1.not only… but (also)… 不仅……而且…… Not only is he a teacher, but he is (also) a poet. 2.either… or… 或者……或者……；不是……就是…… Either she goes or I go. 3.neither… nor… 既不……也不…… Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 4.… while/whereas ……而；……却 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite. 5.并列连词when构成的句型 (1)sb. is doing… when… 某人正在做……这时/突然…… I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. (2)sb. is abou t to do/on the point of doing… when… 某人正要做……这时/突
应用文写作训练----倡议书 大河屯二初中蔡霞 目的：1、让学生掌握倡议书的写法及注意事项。 2、让学生体会到日益严重的白色污染并关注 3、用实际行动倡导全社会都关注白色污染。 过程： 1、倡议书由某一组织或社团拟定、就某事向社会提出建议或提议社会成员共同去做某事的书面文章。它作为日常应用写作中的一种常用文体，在现实社会中有着较广泛的使用 简洁明了，口语化、通俗化，切忌晦涩难懂的词语 2、倡议书的特性 (1)倡议书的群众性 倡议书不是对某个人、某一集体、或某一单位而言的，它往往面向广大群众，或对一个部门的所有人发出，或对一个地区的所有人发出，甚至向全国发出。所以其对象广泛的群众性是倡议书的根本特征。 (2)倡议书对象的不确定性 倡议书是要求广大群众响应的，然而其对象范围往往是不定的。它即便是在文中明确了自己的具体对象，但实际上有关人员可以表示响应，也可以不表示响应，它本身不具有很强的约束力。而与此无关的别的群众团体却可以有所响应。 (3)倡议书的公开性 倡议书就是一种广而告之的书信。它就是要让广大的人民群众知
道了解，从而激起更多的人响应，以期在最大的范围内引起共鸣。。 倡议书一般由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。(1)标题 倡议书标题一般由文种名单独组成，即在第一行正中用较大的字体写“倡议书”三个字。 另外，标题还可以由倡议内容和文种名共同组成。如“把遗体交给医学界利用的倡议书”。 (2)称呼 一般顶格写在第二行开头。 倡议书的称呼可依据倡议的对象而选用适当的称呼。如“广大的青少年朋友们：”、“广大的妇女同胞们：”“全国的叔叔阿姨”等。有的倡议书也可不用称呼，而在正文中指出。 (3)正文 一般在第三行空两格写正文。 倡议书的内容需包括以下一些方面： a写倡议书的背景原因和目的 倡议书的发出贵在引起广泛的响应，只有交待清楚倡议活动的原因，以及当时的各种背景事实，并申明发布倡议的目的，人们才会理
英语写作专题训练一 ——简单句的写作训练 简单句式英语写作的基础。写好了简单句，才有可能写好并列句和复合句。简单句虽名为简单，其实却大有文章可做。看似简单的句子，却可以非常精彩亮丽，蕴含丰富内容。 写好简单句有四个前提：一是把握好英语的五大基本句式结构；二是正确理解句子成分；三是把握好句子各部分之间的逻辑关系；四是准确使用时态语态及主谓一致。 一、英语五大基本句式（你能把它们变成被动语态吗？） 1．主语+谓语（vi） 2．主语+谓语（vt）+宾语 3．主语+谓语（vt）+宾语+宾补（n/adj/adv/prep phr/doing/done/to do）4．主语+谓语（vt）+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+直接宾语+ to 间接宾语 5．主语+系动词+表语（n/adj/adv/prep phr/doing/done/to do） 系动词：be/ get/ Keep/ stay/ remain Turn/ get/ become/ go/ come/ Look/seem/appear/taste/feel/ smell/sound Measure/ weigh/ Turn out/ prove 翻译练习（一） 1.什么都没有发生。 2.什么都不会持久。 3.我的快乐消失了。 4.他经常帮助别人。 5.他受到老师的表扬。 6.他从不惹我生气。 7.他把书包落在车上了。 8.他们被迫干活。 9.很多工作剩下没做。 10.那个男孩被称为天才 11.他送给我一件礼物。 12.他被发给一等奖。 13.一等奖被发给那个女孩。 14.他是个作家。 15.他受伤了。 16.你会迷路的。
倒装句II作业 1. 我将永远不会忘记我学习英语的经历。 2. 我一上高中就发现英语比以前难学了很多。 3. 很多课文太长了，我觉得理解起来很困难。 4. 尽管我很努力，还是没什么进步，慢慢的我失去了学期英语的信心。 5. 直到第一次考试不及格，我才意识到我要努力学习英语，赶上其他同学。 6. 我向老师求助，他告诉我无论如何都不能放弃英语学习。他还给了我一些建议：你不仅要牢记单词和句子，还要学会正确的运用它们。只有这样，你才能够取得进步。 ①Never will I forget my experience of learning English. ②Hardly had I entered high school did I find English was harder than before. ③Meanwhile, so long were the texts that I found them hard to understand. ④Hard though\as I tried, there wasn’t much progress, therefore gradually I lost heart in learning English .⑤However, it was not until I failed in the first test that I realized I should study hard so that I could catch up with other classmates. ⑥Sometimes, I would turn to my teacher for help. He offered me some advice: Not only should you memorize the words and sentences ,but also you should learn to use them correctly. Only in this way, can you make progress.