The Connotation and Translation of Color Words

“论文学翻译过程”“语义翻译和交际翻译理论在英汉翻译中的运用”“英语句子成分的省略及汉译”“文学翻译中隐喻的传译”一、选题范围1、翻译与文化：可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。

宏观方面，一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论，可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的视角切入。

阐述为什么有那样的译文？如严复的翻译，林纾的翻译，傅东华翻译《漂》时为什么使用归化的手段，鲁迅翻译的策略，翻译材料的选择等等。

微观方面，可以讨论语言文字所承载的文化内容和内涵如何在翻译中表达，如文化负载词的翻译策略等。

2、翻译与语言学理论：可以从篇章语言学，功能语言学（如喊韩礼德的系统功能理论等），对比语言学，心理语言学，交际语言学、文化语言学等方面考虑选题。

如功能语言学和篇章语言学中讨论的衔接与连贯及其翻译，也可以讨论他们在英语和汉语中的差别入手，进一步讨论他们在翻译中的处理，主位、述位的推进极其在翻译中的体现。

英语汉语对比及其翻译策略等等。

3、翻译与语文学。

主要从艺术的角度讨论文学翻译中的问题。

4、应用翻译：主要从特殊用途英语如商务英语、科技英语、旅游英语等方面讨论在这些特殊领域中涉及的翻译问题如何处理。

如旅游宣传资料的翻译等。

5、译文对比：可以是同一篇文章、同一本书，不同的译者在同以时期或不同时期进行的翻译做的对比，也可以是同一个译者对同一篇文章或书在不同时期的翻译的对比；可以是翻译技巧等微观层面的对比，也可以是宏观曾面的对比，以探索为什么在不同时期译者回采取不同的策略，有哪些社会的、文化的、政治的、意识形态的原因？6、翻译及评论：首先选择一篇长文，一般是文学作品且没有人翻译过，进行翻译，翻译完后，从上述五个方面选择一个理论视角对自己的翻译进行评论。

7、译者风格。

8、翻译与美学。

二、选题方法：上述各个方面均可写出几本甚至几十本专著，因此大家从上述方面可以选出一个写作的范围。

缩小选题范围：首先是广泛浏览上述各有关方面翻译研究资料，以确定自己对哪方面感兴趣且有话可说，这是缩小范围的第一步。

一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。

Transl ation and Application of Internet Buzz Word s in Cross-cultural CommunicationZhenhui XUZhaoqing UniversityAbstract: Along with the development of computer technology and the populariza-tion of internet, a unique language with buzz words is born. In addition to social media, people also use these hot words to express their feelings and ideas in daily communication. Under the same background, on the platform provided by the in-ternet, the interaction of various languages can be realized, and cross-cultural communication is no longer difficult to achieve. Therefore, how to use internet language in cross-cultural communication, break the boundaries of different lan-guages, and achieve a more effective expression, has posed a problem to be ad-dressed in the process of the development of internet language. This paper first an-alyzes the characteristics of internet buzz words, then discusses the influence of culture on the translation of internet hot words, and then expounds the translation strategies of internet hot words with specific examples. The cultural factor also plays a crucial role in the translation and comprehension of internet buzz words. Key words: Internet Buzz Words; Cross-cultural Communication; Translation1. IntroductionAs the world has entered the information age, and the frequency of hot words usage in internet communication is becoming increasingly higher, and the sit-uation of cross-cultural communication has evolved into a daily reality. However, due to the strong correlation between the formation of internet hot words and the cultural environment, the translation of internet buzz words is more complicatedAbout the author: Zhenhui XU, (1969-11), Male, Han, born in Dezhou, Shandong, Lec-turer, Foreign Languages School of Zhaoqing University, MA, Translation Studies and Cross-cultural Communication.Funded project: This paper is sponsored by Zhaoqing University Education and Research Project (2018010760): Translation Teaching Localization Based on Innovational Compe-tence Cultivation.Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019given the profound differences in cross-cultural communication. In the process of translation of internet hot words, we need to consider the cultural background of the words and the cultural context after translation. The development of internet and science and technology not only brings about diversified communication, but also gives rise to problems in the translation and use of languages in complex in-teractions.2. Features of Internet Buzz WordsInternet buzz words, also called hot words, are words or phrases which have gained recent popularity, especially among a particular group of people or within a specific context. They come into being as a result of the colorful virtual realities. Here are the main features of those popular terms.(1) Sudden Occurrence and Rapid Spread through Social MediaInternet hot words are generally in a short and concise form that reduces the difficulty of memory and understanding in the process of use. Because of this fea-ture, the propagation speed of internet hot words is correspondingly improved. In a wide range of use, internet buzz words become an indispensable part of internet communication. Internet hot words are born on the Internet, which is different from the way words are produced in the past whereas words can only be created from newspapers or through authoritative communication channels. Many internet hot words are imitated by numerous netizens because of their amusing forms or pene-trating reflection of certain social inequalities or absurdities in daily life. They are a new culture formed in this era. They are different from the traditional language in language expression and have their unique particularity. For example, “cutting hands” actually comes from Jin Yong’s novel “Heroes of Shooting Eagles”. Hong Qigong once made a mistake because he was greedy, so he chopped off one of his fingers, but he still couldn’t help it when he met delicious food. Therefore, people use “cutting hands” to describe a shopaholic who finds his problem when he buys back a large quantity of useless goods and vows not to buy impulsively, but forgets the vow when he is again tempted by another overwhelming variety of commodi-ties[1].(2) Reflection of Prevailing MentalityInternet hot words are normally favored by the majority of netizens, to a cer-tain extent; it reflects the general mentality of netizens in the virtual world. Because the hot words on the internet correspond to their value judgments, they are prone to apply to their own interactions within a shared community. First of all, it reflects a kind of ridicule mentality. In many cases, the dissatisfaction and helplessness of people have no place to vent, thus people can only use some ridicule words to re-Translation and Application of Internet Buzz Words in Cross-cultural Communication flect their feelings. Secondly, it reflects a kind of surprising mentality, when people are constantly looking for fresh ways of expression to beat a routine and monoto-nous life. Words that can stand out on the internet are bound to have their own unique advantages. Relying on the characteristics of “no surprise, no end”, they attract the attention and love of netizens in a novel and peculiar manner, so as to make their debut in the internet language and become a new generation of lexical creations and linguistic alternatives.(3) Relevance to Social RealityAlthough the internet hot word is produced in the internet world, it is also a reflection of realistic social life. Some internet hot words are generated in some events and phenomena related to social reality, and become synonymous with a pe-riod of time under the fermentation of the internet, and have an impact in the form of culture. People still pay more attention to social fairness and justice in social life. When some things that are out of balance are widely spread on the internet, many netizens express their criticism of the event with the help of hot words on-line. For example, once the most popular “My father is Li Gang” event in the past few years was exposed, netizens followed suit and posted postings, and even created various lyrics, poems and glitches of “my father is Li Gang” variations. They use this form to satirize the event itself in an entertaining way. It also expresses netizens’ dissat-isfaction and protest against certain prevailing illegal behaviors.3. The Influence of Culture on Translation of Internet Buzz WordsIn the widespread use of social media, hot words affect people’s communica-tion forms and habits. Internet buzz words with a sense of humor and novelty are popular among netizens, dominate a place in the internet language, thus enriching the content and form of language varieties, and promoting the development of lan-guage in general. The generation of internet hot words is different from the tradi-tional words whereas its word-formation is relatively simpler, which is also an in-novation of traditional word formation to some extent. Because of its unique cul-tural environment, the characteristics of internet hot words have become a chal-lenge even an obstacle to translation when intercultural communication is carried out. Because of the correlation between internet hot words and their surrounding environment, the differences in language expression habits and thinking modes between China and foreign countries, the translation of internet hot words has be-come a rather difficult and controversial issue where disagreements arise frequently [2].Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019Chinese and English have utterly different ways of thinking and expression. Under the influence of culture, the connotation of language is richer and more col-orful, but in turn, language is also restricted by cultural environment. Translation is not only a simple translation of one language into another, but also a form of cross-cultural communication. In the process of translation, we need to understand the specific connotation and meaning of the words. Only when the hot words on the internet are translated in the cultural environment in which they are produced can the original meaning be preserved.4. Translation Strategies and Application of Internet Buzz WordsAlthough there are numerous strategies to translate Chinese internet buzz words into English, the author intends to list a number of commonly employed techniques and the application of those terms in cross cultural communication prac-tices. American translation researcher Nida proposed the functional equivalence theory, in which he maintains the priority of function to the mechanical corre-sponding with the form.(1) Coining Chinglish WordsThe translation of internet hot words is partly derived from Chinglish, which is unique to China. With the strong development of Chinglish, Chinese pinyin, pin-yin and English mixing and matching have been adopted directly. There were even self-made English words in the early days, such as dim sum, which means “dim sum” but is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of “Dian Xin”. “Tuhao” and “add oil” were selected into the world’s Oxford English Dictionary in 2018, show-ing the direct influence of Chinglish on the translation of online hot words.(2) Literal TranslationIn the context of Chinese culture, internet hot words are difficult to express when they are translated into English. Therefore, there is a direct use of Chinese expression without violating the cultural artistic conception. For example, “Tuan Gou” is translated into “group purchase”, “Ye Shi Man Pin De” is translated into “push the envelope”, even the most popular online term “no zuo, no die” in 2013 is still widely used today[4].(3) Borrowing Similar English TermsThere are compound, derivation, abbreviation and similar vocabulary for-mation methods in English word-building. Many internet hot words and popular words cannot find corresponding equivalences in English vocabulary in the process of translation, so they usually use compound method to create words to achieve theTranslation and Application of Internet Buzz Words in Cross-cultural Communication purpose of translation. For example, the Chinese term “Di Tou Zu”is translated into “phubber”, which is actually a combination of phone and snubber, a person who is constantly lowing their head at their phones.(4) Literal Translation with Bracketed ExplanationsIn literal translation, the image of internet words can be preserved. However, because the cultural context after translation and before translation is different, and the differences in cultural environment will affect the understanding of semantics, sometimes literal translation can not accurately express its original meaning, but it can be explained on the basis of literal translation with bracketed notes. For exam-ple, low-carbon brother can be translated as Brother Low Carbon (a young man with no house, no car, and no girlfriend)[5].(5) Free Translation Based on the ContextFree translation is not restricted by the original context of the words, but fo-cuses on the meaning of the words to be expressed and extended. On the basis of considering the cultural environment and language characteristics of English, it translates the words corresponding to the semantic meaning in its cultural envi-ronment, and expresses the meaning of hot words on the internet in a form that is easy for them to understand. For example, the expression “Luo Hun” can easily be misunderstood as “naked wedding”if it is translated literally, which violates the original meaning of the words. Therefore, it is not appropriate to translate the Chi-nese word “Luo” directly from the English word “naked”. Therefore, through the analysis of the specific context of the word “naked”, the term aims to express the meaning of poverty. Combined with the whole expression “Luo Hun” is to describe a wedding deprived of wealth, then we can find out the corresponding words in English vocabulary, and finally translate “Luo Hun” into “down-to-earth wedding”.5. ConclusionInternet buzz words are a new challenge in cross-cultural communication. The translation of internet hot words is also a new form of spreading culture and infor-mation. However, because cross-cultural communication involves different cultural backgrounds, we need to consider the influence of context on translation and adopt corresponding strategies when translating the buzz words from Chinese to English.Works Cited[1] Dong Jian, Qin Panyan. “The Application of Intercultural Communication Theoryand Translation Theory in English Portal Translation”. Guangxi Education, 2018(39)Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.2 2019[2] Guo Yongsheng. “An effective exploration of Chinese cultural translation educationfrom a cross-cultural perspective -- A review of research on translation strategies and techniques”. China Education Journal, 2019 (6)[3] Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai:Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press, 1993:325[4] Jiao Chunjiao. “Functions and Problems of Translation in Cross-cultural Commu-nication -- Taking the English translation of Chinese words in vocabulary teaching as an example”. Modern Communication, 2018, no.482 (12): 176-80[5] Xiang Rengdong. “Chinese English in Chinese-English Translation -- Based on theanalysis of English translation of hot words in the past 30 years of reform and opening-up”. Journal of Xiangtan Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) (6): 137-39。

序网络学院翻译方向毕业论文（设计）题目号1On the Influence of Bible Culture on the Translation between English and Chinese2The Proper Use of Foreignization and Domestication3Culture Gaps and Untranslatability4The Proper Use of Literal Translation and Free Translation5 A Touch to Translation Theory and Skill6The Translation of Trademarks and Advertising Claims and Their Cultural Connotation 7English Allusion and Its Translation8Cognition and Translation of Metaphor9Translation and Translating: The Theory and Practice10Culturally Loaded English Idioms and Their Translations11On Translator's Obtrusion in Translation12The Translation Studies of Metaphor13Domestication and Foreignization in Translation14C-E Translation in Cultural Context15Machine Translation and Human Translation: in Competition or in Complementation 16Translation of Commercial Lines17English Idioms and Literal Translation and Free Translation18An Overview of Translation in China: Theory and Practice19Analysis of Descriptive Translation Studies20The Translation of English Sentences of Passive Voice21The Vague Strategy and Pragmatic Analysis of Euphemisms22On Translation of Vocabulary with Chinese Characteristics23Unequivalence of Business English Translation24The Study of the Word Connotation in Translation25On the Unequivalence of Translation26On Some Untranslatability27An Analysis of Descriptive Translation Studies28How to Deal with the Ellipsis in Translation29Translation of Idioms and Cultural Differences30Culture Connotation of Color Words and Their Translation31The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Allusion32On Translation of Advertisements33How to Select and Use the Literal Translation and Liberal Translation Correctly34Study on Multiplication of Translation Standards35Criticism and Humor in Charles Dickens' Works36Chinese-English Translation in Cultural Contrast37The Factors Effecting Context in Translation38On the Writing Devices Employed in " I Have a Dream " by Martin Luther King39On the Translation of XieHouYu in English40How to Name and Translate the Trademarks of Products for Entering the International Markets41An Analysis on the Phenomenon of Chinglish in Translation42On Literal and Liberal Translation43The Relationship between English Idioms and Its Culture44Culture Difference In Idioms in Translation学院翻译方向毕业论文（设计）题目11的影响文化在翻译《圣经》在英文和中文e Proper Use of Foreignization and Domestication33文化差距和不可e Proper Use of Literal Translation and Free Translation55一触到翻译理论和技巧e Translation of Trademarks and Advertising Claims and Their Cultural Connotation7针对7英语,其翻译gnition and Translation of Metaphor9翻译:9和翻译理论与实践的结合lturally Loaded English Idioms and Their Translations1111 Obtrusion译者的翻译e Translation Studies of Metaphor1313归化和异化的翻译E Translation in Cultural Context15机器翻译和人的翻译:在竞争或补充anslation of Commercial Lines1717英语习语和直译和意译Overview of Translation in China: Theory and Practice19描述性翻译研究19分析e Translation of English Sentences of Passive Voice2121模糊的策略和语用分析委婉语的Translation of Vocabulary with Chinese Characteristics2323 unequivalence商务英语翻译e Study of the Word Connotation in Translation2525的Unequivalence的翻译Some Untranslatability2727分析描述性翻译研究w to Deal with the Ellipsis in Translation2929翻译习语和文化差异lture Connotation of Color Words and Their Translation3131比较汉语和英语和翻译典故Translation of Advertisements3333如何选择和使用直译和自由翻译正确udy on Multiplication of Translation Standards3535批评和幽默在查尔斯·狄更斯的作品了inese-English Translation in Cultural Contrastinese-English Translation in Cultural Contrast37语境在第37影响因素的翻译the Writing Devices Employed in " I Have a Dream " by Martin Luther King3939翻译的XieHouYu英文w to Name and Translate the Trademarks of Products for Entering the International Markets4141分析状态下生成的中国式英语的翻译现象Literal and Liberal Translation43英语习语43之间的关系及其文化lture Difference In Idioms in Translation。

中国翻译理论史上的三次论争摘要本文从我国翻译史上著名的三次翻译论争出发,通过对论争的详细梳理,理清中国译论的发展的线索和脉络,发掘其中的闪光点和代表当时最先进水平的翻译理论,并在此基础上对我国译论的发展做出预测。

第一次论争是二十世纪初的“直译、意译”之争。

这次论争以汉语的发展为焦点,让一向被视为“小辨”的翻译第一次高调地进入了人们的视野。

这场论争实现了翻译的自觉,让其逐渐脱离了译者随意删改原著的编译阶段,让人们对于译本的态度从一味求“顺”转移到了求“信”;在这个过程中,研究者们对于翻译、语言及思想的关系做出了深刻的论述,提出了以翻译更新思想,用翻译改造汉语的理论;此外,研究者们还提出了具有中国特色的翻译“神形说”,并从汉语的特征出发,对如何在语言层面上实现“神形兼备”的忠实进行了探索。

有研究者论述“绝对忠实”的不可能,甚至与现代阐释学的观点不谋而合。

第二次论争是开始于二十世纪 80 年代的“异化、归化”之争。

这次论争围绕翻译的文化内涵进行。

在新时期和新形势下,人们对于直译、异译的讨论有了新的内涵,翻译理论从对翻译中文化因素的日益关注,到最终将翻译视为文化交往活动进行研究,开始了译论研究的“文化转向”。

在这个转向之后,翻译理论研究不再局限于文本层面的讨论,而是深入和扩展到文化、文学、政治、经济领域,成为国际政治交往、学术交流、文化比较的重要课题。

在借鉴和思考西方理论的基础上,我国的翻译研究者从更宏观的角度对异化归化做出了全新的阐释。

在我国译论中,异化归化已经脱离了后殖民主义的狭隘视角,甚至可以说具有了更广泛深远的意义。

同时作为一种交往活动,译者的伦理性再度成为研究者关注的焦点,在新的背景和形式下对译者的自身修养提出了更高的要求。

第三次论争以“翻译学”的构建为中心,通过对“翻译是不是一门科学”的讨论,破解了常年困扰译坛的“科学主义迷思”;通过对翻译学学科性质的争论,驳斥了“理论无用”论,解开了“综合性学科”之惑,逐步统一了思想和认识;并尝试从哲学高度对我国现当代译论发展做出了总结;在建构翻译学的努力中,批判性地重新对西方理论进行了评价,在与其对照对比的过程中,进一步认识到了自身的特点和不足,明确了我国当代翻译理论的发展方向:从本国、本民族的翻译实践现状出发,在重新评估和吸收传统译学中的宝贵财富的基础上借鉴和学习西方译论,以系统化、科学化的翻译理论推进翻译学科的全面建设,建为世界翻译理论研究做出贡献。

对The Theory and Practice of Translation书中翻译理论的理解概括尤金・奈达是美国当代著名的语言学家、翻译家,也是西方语言学派翻译理论的主要代表之一,他发展了英国著名翻译理论家纽马克提出的交际翻译理论。

交际法的翻译理论不仅照顾到语言意义的传递,也考虑到功能的对应,解决了原来的翻译理论从语言本身解决不了的问题。

上世纪80年代初,奈达的翻译理论传到中国并备受推崇。

奈达的翻译理论使我国大多数翻译工作者开始接触西方系统的翻译理论,对中国的翻译理论研究影响非常大,以致在当时中国的翻译界形成了言必称奈达的局面。

80年代末90年代初,对奈达的翻译理论的质颖之声开始出现,90年代中期以后,进而出现了“言必称奈达理论之缺陷”的风潮,大有对其全盘否定之势。

近几年,译界开始了对奈达的翻译理论的冷静反思。

在中国翻译界舆有巨大影响力的翻译理论除了严复的“信、达、雅”外，想必就是奈达的理论ｒ。

自从它传人中图以来，沉寂多年的巾国译坛开始活跃起来，中国的翻译王作者感受羁了一黢算竣翡蘩译瑾沦豹春弧，菝享孛免之一振。

眼界也开阕了，此后的翻泽理沦与实践便出现了畜必称奈达的现象，可见奈达理论的影响之大：奈达的理论属于科学的翻译理论体系，它之所以会在世界范同内有如此大的影响就在于它的科学性。

奈选的翻译思想体现在｛也不同时期的薯住巾，两最能充分体现缝主要，也是较袋熬豹秘译愚怒的怒《赣泽瑾论与实践》一书。

该书获潺裔学的角度对麟译的过程进行了全丽、系统的分析，为翻译实践提供了理沦指导。

全书共分为八章，前两章主要从火体上概述了翻译中常见的同题，剩下的章节具体论述了翻译的过程，即分援、转换、重组、检测。

筹一章楚要套缨了一些关于翻译豹耨观点，如酾译的羹点放语言形式转囱读者反应，这楚奈达翻泽思想的核心内容。

此外．他还认为语言是有共住的．尽管各种语言都有各自的特点，一种语言能表达的枣情也能用另一种讲辫表达。

他在第二章提出了动态对镲的观点，认为翻译怒在译语中爆最切邀丽又最自然的对等渗霉臻源语的傣患，善壳是意义。

电子科技大学UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA 专业学位硕士学位论文MASTER THESIS FOR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE（电子科技大学图标）论文题目人性哲学类论说性散文的翻译分析——以《幸福之路》的翻译分析为例专业学位类别翻译硕士学号201122130308作者姓名李宜博指导教师马维毅副教授分类号密级UDC注1学位论文人性哲学类论说性散文的翻译分析——以《幸福之路》的翻译分析为例（题名和副题名）李宜博（作者姓名）指导教师马维毅副教授Array电子科技大学成都（姓名、职称、单位名称）申请学位级别硕士专业学位类别翻译硕士提交论文日期 2014.4.21论文答辩日期学位授予单位和日期电子科技大学2014年6 月30日答辩委员会主席文艺评阅人文艺杨镇源注1：注明《国际十进分类法UDC》的类号。

TRNSLATION STUDY OF HUMANITY &PHILOSOPHY ARTICLES----TAKE THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF THE CONQUEST OF HAPPINESS AS AN EXAMPLEMaster of Translation and InterpretingMajor: Master of Translation and InterpretingAuthor: Li YiboAdvisor: Ma WeiyiSchool : School of Foreign Languages UESTC附4：独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。

据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得电子科技大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。

与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。

英美人文和历史研究：1，从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异2，论美国垮掉的一代3，美国牛仔的成功之路4，文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用5，跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子6，中西方饮食文化的对比研究7，西方节日的变迁及文化内涵8，电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异（我就是这个题目）9，中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究10，英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵11，希腊神话对英美文化的影响12，英汉商标对英美文化的影响13，英语习语与西方文化14，浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵15，中美高等教育大众化路径的比较16，《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年文化17，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归18，浅谈美国文化中的实用主义19，论美国宗教与政治20，《圣经》的文学性及其对中西文学的影响评述选题注意事项：1，选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。

2，题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。

最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。

例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。

但是我以一部电影为出发点，这个角度就比较小。

话说中西方文化的差异实在太多了，但是我只从喜福会这部电影出发，所以范围就缩小了。

再者，没什么人写这个电影，所以也不容易和别人雷同，不是被写滥了的题目。

3，这个题目是好找资料的，毕竟是本科论文，不是研究生或是博士的论文，写作水平有限，平时最多写写几百字的作文忽然要写几千字，想必是非常困难的。

所以内容不可能完完全全出自“自己”，于是就要大量的从网上，参考书上，图书馆搬来。

所以最好就是找参考资料比较多的题目，切忌是参考，不是照搬，可以PARAPHRASE里面的内容到自己的论文。

差不多就这些了，我觉得这几点是最重要的，如果你有几个拿不定主意的题目，可以找论文指导老师问问看，当时我开笔写论文前，都找老师问了，老师比较有经验，他应该可以给你很多建议。