英语名词性从句知识点复习
一、概述
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)
The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（表语从句）They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们不知道他去什么地方了。（同位语从句）
Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（宾语从句）
二、语序
名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗？
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。
He asked how much I paid for the violin. 他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。
三、时态的呼应
名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。
I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。
Yo u haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢，喜欢吗？
I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前，过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。
The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.
警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷
She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。
I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。
（4）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.
当他宣布他不久就要离职时，我们都很吃惊。
They said they would be listening to a report on current affairs.
他说他们将听关于时事的报告。
四、引导名词性从句的关联词
在传统的语法中，有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分；连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类，通称关系代词和关系副词。
引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：
1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别
连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；
或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分）
What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语）
2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。
that与whether都是连词，引导名词性从句时，在句中只起连接作用，都不担任句子成分，使用时有下列区别：
（1）动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道”解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；
否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。
I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。（此处不用whether）
Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？（此处不用whether）
I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。
比较：doubt表示“不信”解时，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接that从句。
I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。
（2）that本身无意义，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，在句中均不可省略。
He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。（that无意义，可以省略）
Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。（whether 有意义，不可以省略）
（3）如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。
I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。（不能用that）
I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。（不能用that）
（4）whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语；
that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。
I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。（不能用that）
He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子，只是有时有点粗心。
3、whether和if的区别
（1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.
我还没决定是否把钱借给她。（不能用if）
They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）
（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
2000年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。（不能用if）
Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。（不能用if）
The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。（不能用if）
（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。
I don't know whether or not he'll come.我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）
He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。（不能用if）
I don’t care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。
（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。
I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。
He doesn’t care if you don’t pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。
（5）whether …or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。
Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。
If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better.
如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。
（6）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。
He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。
They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。
（7）whether和if引导的宾语从句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含义不同。
He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。（表示疑问，可加or not）
He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）
4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题
（1）wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；
而what，which，who，when，where，how等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.
计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。(特指)
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。(泛指)
It was a matter of who would take the position.问题是谁担当这个职位。(特指)
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬。(泛指)
（2）介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题，则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。
Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。（不能用whomever）Who do you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。（不能用whom）
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
塞拉希望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的朋友。
（3）正确使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子结构，看其在从句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含义。
---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。
---Is that why you had a few days off? （表原因）这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？
I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方。(表时间)
4、but, but that 和but what
（1）用于no doubt和not deny之后相当于that。
There can be no doubt but that it is the best choice.这无疑是最好的选择。
I can’t deny but what it is an urgent matter.我不否认这是一件紧迫的事。
（2）用于特殊疑问句中或否定词后，相当于that…not。
Who knows but that it may be true?
=Who knows that it may not be true？谁知道这是不是真的？
I can hardly believe but that the answer is right.
= I can hardly believe that the answer is not right.我简直不相信这答案是正确的。
（3）but that 可以引导条件状语从句，这时，but that 表示“若不是”，相当于if从句，主句常用虚拟语气。
He would have helped you but that he was short of money at the time.
如果不是当时没有钱的话，他会帮你的。
He would have said no but that he was afraid.若不是害怕的话，他会拒绝的。
五、主语从句(subject clauses)
1、概述
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?
你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？
This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！
Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.
告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。
We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war.
(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。
He said that he would come. 他说他要来。
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。
从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。
That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。
Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter too much.她来不来没有多大关系。
3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。
用作it作形式主语的结构：
（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that…很自然…… It’s obvious that …显而易见……
It’s fortunate that …幸运的是 It’s (im)possible…（不）可能……
It’s unlikely that…不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是……
（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pity that…遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……
It’s an honour that…非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……
It’s common knowledge that …是常识…
（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧……
It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……
（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s not known that………不得而知 It’s said that…据说……
It’s reported that…据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that…据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……
It suddenly struck me (occur to me that…我突然想到（感觉到）……
（5）其他
It doesn’t matter …是无关紧要的
It makes no difference …毫无区别……
It is of little consequence that…无关紧要
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。
It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.
据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。
It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.
据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故。
3、由关系代词引导的主语从句。
（1）关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。
What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊。Who made the long distance call is not important.谁打的长途电话并不重要。
（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever 构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。
What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.
无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
4、关系副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.
电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。
Where she has gone is not known yet.她去了哪儿，还不知道。
When they will start has not been decided yet. 他们何时动身还未定下来。
Why he did it didn't concern me. 他为什么做这件事与我无关。
5、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况。
（1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可提前，用引导词it作形式主语。
Is it really true that he has gone abroad? 他真的出国了吗？
How surprising it was that he failed in the exam!真令人惊奇，他考试没有及格！
（2）It is said, reported, …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
It’s said that the play is very interesting.据说戏剧很有趣。
It’s reported that the highway will be opened to traffic next week.
据报道，高速路下周通车。
（3）It happens, occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.她突然想起忘了锁门。
It happened that I met him in the street.我恰巧在大街上遇到了他。
（4）It doesn’t matter how, whether or not…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.他喜欢与否无关紧要。
It doesn’t matter how he will come.他怎么来不重要。
6、it作形式主语与it引导强调句的比较。
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构（特别是谓语较短时），主语从句的连词没有变化。而it引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调（这一成分可以是词、词组或句子），其结构是“It is(was)+ 强调成分+that”。无论强调什么成分，都要求用连接词that(强调人时可以用who代替)。
It is certain that she will succeed.她会成功是肯定的。（主语从句）
It is in New York that I met him.是在纽约我见到了他。（强调句）
六、表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。
That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through.
我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。
It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。
七、同位语从句
1、概述
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。
The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.
我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.
谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.
他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。
5、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句) The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.
我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)
（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。
(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)
（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.
中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
（4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.
他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
八、宾语从句(object clauses)
1、概述
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.
你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.
除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.
除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。
2、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.我认为他几天后就会好的。
I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？
He asked whose dictionary it was.他问这是谁的字典。
He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment.
他不能断定他们会用哪一种方法做实验。
（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
Will you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告诉我如何能到车站吗？
Do you know why he said that?你知道他为什么说那件事吗？
I remember when this used to be a quiet village．我记得这里曾经是一个僻静的村庄。
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在
农村女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。
注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。
（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.
她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)
3、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。
注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except, besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that 在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints.
除了一些印刷错误之外，这篇论文很好。
4、作形容词宾语。
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years．
谁也不知道一百万年后人类会变成什么样子。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill.你病了，我很难过。
注意：that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I'm sure (that) he'll help you.我确信他会帮助你。
I'm glad (that)he has passed the exam.我很高兴，他考试及格了。
5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：
（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time．我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。
（2）在like，enjoy，love,hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths ful l.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。
（3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。
（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。
We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。
6、不可直接跟that从句的动词。
下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厌恶）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（听见）, see （看见）, want（想要）等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。
He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正确) 他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(错误)
I admire it that they won the match. (正确)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。
I admire that they won the match. (错误)
7、that引导宾语从句的省略。
（1）主句谓语动词是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that 一般不可省略；主句谓语动词是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose 等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。
He suggested that we should set off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
他建议我们明天早晨8点走。(that不可省略)
I think (that) this is very important.我认为这很重要。(that可省略)
（2）当一个句子很复杂，句中有多个状语时，that不可省略；或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别第一个宾语从句特别长，后面的宾语从句的that不可省略；谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时，that不可省去。
He said you needn't worry and that he would help you .
他说你没有必要着急，他会帮助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去）
We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow.
就像他建议的那样，我们决定明天动身。
8、否定转移与省略
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。
（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。
I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。
I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。
（3）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 not…so 替代前文整个从句。
-I believe we've met somewhere before．我认为我们从前在哪见过。
-No，I don't think so．没有，我认为我们以前没见过。
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？你认为这周末会下雨吗？
-I believe not．我认为不会。
注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。
9、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？They have no idea at all where he has gone．他们一点也不知道他去了哪。
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？
（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
He said he would come to see us the next day.他说他明天将来看我们。
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。
（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。
高中英语名词性从句练习题及答案解析
第一部分：基础题
1. _______ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
2. —It?s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. What
4. —Could you do me a favor?
—It depends on _______ it is.
A. which
B. whichever
C. what
D. whatever
5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _______.
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
6. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. why
7. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
8. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that
B. what
C. as
D. which
9. —Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else _______, is there?
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.
A. /
B. whether
C. how
D. what
11. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
12. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
13. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D.from which
14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when
B. that; which
C. what; which
D.which;that
15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
答案解析
第一部分：基础题
1. A 此题考察what引导名词性从句的用法。在此题中what引导主语从句，同时在从句中充当主语。
2. B 通过对句子的分析可知，believe it or not是插入语，在此句中that引导的是the story 的同位语从句。
3. D 通过对句子的分析可知，此题需要选一词来引导表语从句，而从句中的明显缺少宾语，故只能what用来充当。
4. C 介词on后面宾语从句不完整，同时从句缺少主语，故只能由what来充当。
5. C wonder后面的从句是疑问句应用陈述语序。即：特殊疑问词+主语+谓语动词。
6. B 此句主句完整，从句也完整，故用that引导构成与the fact的同位语从句。
7. A why在它引导的从句中充当原因状语，从句在主句里充当介词on的宾语。
8. B what在它引导的从句中充当主语，同时整个从句可看成是idea的同位语从句，来说明idea的具体内容。
9. B 本题考查定语从句以及固定短语turn to 的用法，关系代词因为在后面定语从句中做宾语因此省略掉，turn to sb 求助于某人。
10. B 本题根据意思以及后面与or 的搭配关系可判断该处是“是否”，whether 引导宾语从句。
11. B 本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句，根据下文可知Danny留下的口信的内容，that 引导名词性从句。
12. C 本题考查双重疑问句，疑问词＋do you think/believe/expect＋句子的其他成分（句子用称述句语序）。
13. C 本题考查固定短语be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中be used to 后面少宾语，且根据上文是我们过去习惯的方法，这用what 符合语意。
14. A 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句，后面表语从句不完整，it was 后面还缺少表语，根据意思是“20年前的样子”，后面一个句子是对20年前的补充说明，是一个非限制性定语从句，20年前学校设备条件不好，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
15. B 本题考查名词性从句的同位语，doubt 后的同位语根据意思没有怀疑故选择that 引导，that在从句中不充当成分。
第二部分：强化题
1. We haven?t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother?s birthday.
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
3. There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that
B. which
C. until
D. if
4. Please remind me _______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where
B. when
C. how
D. what
5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
7. _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what
B. No matter which
C. Whatever
D. Whichever
8. I just wonder that makes him so excited.
A. why it does
B. what he does
C. how it is
D. what it is
9. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy.
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _______ it had been in the morning.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. which
13. I’d like to work with _______ is honest and easy to get on with. (2006年山东模拟题)
A. who
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. no matter who
14. When you are reading, make a note of _______ you think is of great importance.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
15. —Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green?s cooperation.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. if
答案解析
第二部分：强化题
1. C whether引导的从句构成与名词the question的同位语。(原答案似乎有误)
2. C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成与a warm thought的同位语。
3. A that引导同位语从句，具体说明chance（可能性）的内容。
4. B 句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。
5. B 因先行词是natives，故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短语，所以选B。介词to可放在关系代词whom的前面。
6. B pleased后面缺少宾语从句，he was a man of action句意完整，故用that引导。
7. D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句，排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围，一个有范围。
8. D wonder后面的宾语从句本是what makes him so excited：。但what需要被强调，故用强调句型。
9. D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真正的主句从句.
10. B 本题考查同位语从句, reason 后面有for 引导的短语, 接着后面是that 引导的句子来说明理由的内容.
11. C 本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句,介词for 后接宾语从句但宾语从句中缺少主语, he thought 是插入语. 连词what 引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,which 的意思不符合. 12. C 本题考查固定短语be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from 后是宾语从句，但从句中it had been 后面少表语，所以what 符合语意。
13. B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D 不能引导名词性从句, who 表达的意思不对.
14. C 本题考查名词性从句介词宾语, 宾语从句中you think 是插入语, 故句中缺少主语,which 意思不对,故选what
15. C 本题考查介词宾语从句, 根据上下文意思该处应该是”我们是否能得到Green先生的.
1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A. When
B. What
C. That
D. /
2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If
B. Whether
C. Even if
D. No matter when
3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A. How
B. That
C. Which
D. What
4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.
A. It says
B. It is said
C. It was said
D. He was said
5. _____ that she has received a doctor…s degree.
A. It?s a splendid news
B. This is a splendid news
C. It‘s splendid news
D. This is splendid news
6. _____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out
B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out
D. Why the plan carried out
7. _____ is unknown to us all.
A. Where did she put it
B. Where she put it
C. That where she put it
D. In which she put it
8. _____ nothing to do with us.
A. What he did is
B. What he has done is
C. What did he do has
D. What he has done has
9. That…s _____ the Party called on us to do.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. why
10. The reason why I have to go is _____ if I don…t.
A. that she will be disappointed
B. because she will be disappointed
C. on account of her being disappointed
D. that she will be disappointing
11. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.
A. because
B. since
C. as
D. for
12. I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word “infinity” mean
B. what the word “infinity” means
C. what the meaning of the word “infinity”
D. what the word “infinity” mean
13. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term？
A. Whom
B. Who
C. What
D. That
14. Are you sure _____？
A. whether she is honest
B. that she is honesty
C. she is honest
D. is she honest
15. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. which
1. C that在引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时可省略。
2. B whether…or无论…还是
3. D what he is doing 他所做的事情。
4. B 由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替
5. C由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替，news是不可数名词，所以选C
6. B “怎样实施计划还有待讨论”，语序应该为称述语序，所以选B
7. B “她放在什么地方，我们大家都不知道”，语序应该为称述语序，所以选B
8. D “他所做的与我们无关”have nothing to 与什么无关，句子做主语，谓语用单数，所以选D
9. A 那就是聚会号召我们做的事情
10. A that在从句中做成分则为定语从句；that在从句中不做成分则为同位语从句。
11. A
12. B 语序应该为称述语序，所以选B
13. B “你认为谁会来教我们下学期的数学”
14. C “你能肯定她是诚实的”，省略了that
15. B 他经常在思考怎样为四个现代化多做贡献。
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
【宾语从句】 在英语中，有简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。本节课我们复习复合句里面的宾语从句 ．．．．。 如：She knows that he will come back soon. I’m afraid that I can’t go to your party. 1.宾语从句的【引导词】 宾语从句的引导词分三种。 ●(1) 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that.（that在口语中常省略） 主句：He says... 从句：He is tired of playing computer games. → He says that he is tired of playing computer games. ●(2) 如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether，表示“是否”。 主句：I don’t know… 从句：Does Tom likes fish? → I don’t know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意】① whether引导的从句常与or not连用，而if不能； ②宾语从句可简化为whether to do的搭配，而没有if to do这种搭配. 如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you tell me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展】if有两个意思： 1. 表示“是否”，引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定。 2. 表示“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表示将来（遵循“主将从现”规则）。 经典例题：--Do you know if Tom ____________(go) hiking with us ? --I’m not sure. But i f he ____________(go), I will take many photos with him . ●(3) 如果从句是特殊疑问句，直接用该疑问词来引导。 主句：Do you know… 从句：what does he want to buy? → Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 2. 宾语从句的【时态】 ■(1) 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ ■(2) 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去的某时态 如：He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。 Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 【注意】格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时。 如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun.
定语从句专项练习2018.1.16 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14. I’m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
高中英语状语从句练习题 1. ____ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize. A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time 2. After the war，a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 3. I would appreciate it _______ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that 4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _____ I heard the voices. A. as B. after C. while D. when 5. The class went on with the story _____ they had left it before the holiday. A. where B. which C. in which D. when 6. The company has a free long-distance telephone number _____ customers may call with any questions they have about its products. A. although B. as C. even if D. so that 7. --- Is Mr. Smith in the office? --- Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there. A. since B. however C. whether D. for 8. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before 9. --- Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. --- Oh, yes. ________ others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Where D. Though 10. The day must be breaking, _____ the birds have begun singing. A. because B. as C. for D. since 11. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________ he phones. A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that 12. ____others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correct A. No matter B. It doesn’t matter C. Whatever D. What 13. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they can’t walk _______ they like these days. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 14. His father began to work ______ his childhood. A. since B. before C. as early as D. while 15. The roof fell _____ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
高考冲刺高中英语“从句篇”语法专 题汇总 距离高考的日子掰着手指头也能数清了。将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。 从句篇 定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
1. Tim is in good shape physically ________ he does n't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. uni ess D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school duri ng the day, _____ accompa nied by an adult. A. once B. whe n C. if D. uni ess 3. ___ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 4. Because of the heavy traffic , it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office . A . si nee B .that C . when D . until - 】Joh n thinks it won 't be long he is ready for his new job. A. whe n B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. whe n B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. whe n B. while C. after D. since 8. My pare nts don ' t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can ' t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unl ess 11. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. whe n C. which D. since 12. ___ u nemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 13. — Did you return Fred ' s call? 16. __________ in the fields on a March after noon , he could feel the warmth of spri ng. A . To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 17. Na ncy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A.that B.which C.whe n D.where 18. You ' d better not leave the medici ne kids can get at it. A.eve n if B.which C.where D.so that 19. I won ' t call you , ________________ something unexpected happens. A.u nless B.whether C.because D.while 20. — Where' s that report? A. Before B. Where C. U nless D. Until —I didn ' t need to I ' ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unl ess 14. _I ' m sorry you ' ve been waiting so long , Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till C. whe n D. because but it ' ll still be some time _____ D. after 15. We ll have a picnic in the park this Sun day ____ ____ it rains or it ' s very cold. A.si nee B. if C. unl ess D. un til
定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 （一）限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，whi ch在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词w hich的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothi ng , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed
定语从句专项练习 一、单项选择 1.The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 2.He is one of those people _____ everybody will find _____ hard to please. A. that; being B. whom; / C. who; is D. which; to be 3.We are living in an age most of things are done on cell phones. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 4.Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet. A. who B. whose C. of whose D. of whom 5.Could you show me the mobile phone you'd like ________? A. to repair it B. repairing it C. to have repaired D. having it repaired 6.On her birthday, she received a nice present from her parents ________ a note was attached, saying "We love you so much." A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 7.The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside. A. whose B. where C. when D. which 8.It rained this morning, _____ actually didn't bother me because I like walking in the rain. A. what B. when C. where D. which 9.I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown. A. that B. which C. who D. when 10.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood. A. why B. which C. who D. where 11.Mandela was generous with his time, Elias was grateful. A. to which B. for which C. which D. to whom 12.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. A. when B. that C. as D. where 13.It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 14.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched. A. when B. that C. which D. where
高中英语三大从句练习题 1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world． A．that B．which C．it D．who 2．The last place we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that C．where D．it 3 He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．A．which B．who C．it D．that 4．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made． A．that B．which C．where D．there 5．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm． A．which B．where C．when D．who 6．Jack’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ． A．as B．which C．that D．this 7．I wonder how much ． A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost 8．Computers can only give out has been stored in them . A．that B．which C．what D．anything 9．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ． A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much 10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ． A．if B．whether C．that D．when 11．The trouble is we are short of tools ． A．what B．that C．how D．which 12． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind． A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why 13．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ． A．which B．that C．when D．/ 14．The fact he is an orphan is well known． A．what B．that C．which D．/ 15． I will accept the gift is none of your business． A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which 16． I have will be yours sooner or later ． A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That 17. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语状语从句用法详细解析 一、定义： 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。 二、分类 根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句 三、时间状语从句 （一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once. （二）、“as” as, when, while都有“当……的时候”，可以互用When she was a child. While she was a child. She Lived in Paris. As she was a child. as有“一边…一边”的意思 He sang as he walked. “when” When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. I was sleeping when she came in. 动补 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. “while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。 While we were having supper, all the lights went out. Please keep quiet while others are studying. While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. when, while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在……的时候”, while意反而，可是，表示转折。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关