标题: 一堂难忘的英语课
5. 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能
够区分诸如their/there/they're 之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary 之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。
6. 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货
店的指示牌会把他们引向stationar（y 静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery （文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣
称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎清理。
7. 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语
熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就
是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架一一准确的语法和恰
当的词汇一一充分地传授给学生。
8. 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一
步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，
他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。"（It's flying so unsteady.)我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”有“问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I say anything incorrectly?）”他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是incorrectly 而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用unsteadily 来描述鸟飞，而不是unsteady。”
9. 他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修
饰动词的词。”这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。”
10. 他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、
“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的
名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语
法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。
11. 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和
调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好
12. 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看
受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见
的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，
而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途
13. 对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是
学校并没有教他们这些。
14. 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，”
他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour.）
1 When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job market worsens, many students calculate they can't major in English or history. They have to study something that boosts
their prospects of landing a job.
1 当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。
2 The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they
have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they
bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means
for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.
2 数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。
3 Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate.Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.
3 在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上
合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。
4 Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to
people's lives. Since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those innerforces
that drive some people to greatness and others to self- d estruction. This inner drive has been called
many things over the centuries. The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the "unconscious mind" or, more familiarly, "instinct".
4 在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。自古以来，
我毁灭。几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟知的“本能”。
5 From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis
of cultures the world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and women developed artistic "languages" that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations. This fertile body
of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities.
5 从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和
击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。
6 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we
will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have
a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those
ideas!
6 学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。
7 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process.
In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new
MP3 player. Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod. Most importantly, studying the humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner.
7 学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中，很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如iPod 那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。
8 Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities that are widely
open to us. Did you know that James Cameron, world -famous director of the movie, Titanic,
graduated with a degree in the humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman in space. So did actors Bruce Lee, Gwyneth Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr. Harold Varmus, who won a
Nobel Prize for Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company, majored in the humanities. Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed. It's easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can undertake, whether medicine, business, science or entertainment. If we study only mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician. If we include studying the humanities,
we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination.
8 也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世界闻名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。
9 Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are liable to miss many opportunities.
Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life. In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen
as the ideal in the establishment of a career. If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and
two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy major and the other solely a pre-med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen.
9 当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。事实上，技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的预科生，我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。
10 In summary, the humanities help to create well -rounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity. The humanities, the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons. They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been. Doesn't it make sense
to spend some time in the company of the humanities, our outstanding and remarkable treasure of knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might become!
10 总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共有的激情、
希望和理想。人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如何以不同的方式看待事物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中，人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——相伴，这难道不是明智的吗？谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！
1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages:childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. These challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them, such as the child's need to learn, the adult's need to find the right career and build a family, and the senior's need for support and good health care.
1 我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春期、成年和老年这四个阶段。我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个
3 In previous times, people didn't have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood. A hundred years ago, no one thought of adolescence. Until recently it was understood as a norm that
their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college. They would now find a sensible job which would lead to a career. Then during this career they would start a family, ideally before they turned 30.
3 在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。一百年前，谁也没有想到过青春期。直到最近，人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大学毕业，他们的成人入门阶段就结束了。他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业生涯的合适的工作。然后在此职业生涯期间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家更为理想。
4 Today we have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase of life that comes after high school graduation, continues through college, and then leads to starting a family and having a career, the
so-called odyssey years. Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different agenda. They take breaks from school, live with friends and often return to living with their parents. Similarly, they fall in and out of love, quit one job and try another or even shift to a new career. So, we need to recognize this new stage, the odyssey years, which many now consider to be
an unavoidable stage in reaching adulthood.
4 今天，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到成家立业，即所
谓的奥德赛岁月。由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化。他们从学校休学，与朋友同住，也常回去与父母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作
又去寻找新的，甚至改行。因此，我们需要认识这个新阶段——奥德赛岁月。现在许多人认为这是步入成年之前的一个难以回避的阶段。
5 People who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last century tended to frame their concept of adulthood based upon achieving certain accomplishments: moving away from home, becoming financially independent, finding the right spouse and starting a family. But that emphasis on stability
did not remain static. Today, young people are unlikely to do the same. During the odyssey years, a
high proportion of young people are delaying marriage, child bearing, and even employment.
5 出生于上个世纪60 年代或70 年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是否取得了某些
成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。但是，对稳定的强调并没能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年轻人都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。
6 The odyssey years can saddle young people with enormous pressure to move forward quickly. As
the sole heir and focus of their parents' expectations, hopes and dreams, some react with rebellious
and prideful attitudes and behavior toward their parents. They often resent the pressure they're feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home. Their confusion comes
from the difficulties to make parents understand them and the fluid journey of discovery they need in this phase of their lives. To get away from this confusion and upset, many young people resort to computer games, iPods, iPhones, or iPads, to help distract them from their pain and stress.
6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。作为他们父母唯一的继承
他们往往憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们，也源于这段需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。为了逃避困惑和不安，许多年轻人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone 或iPad，以帮助分散他们的痛苦和压力。
7 Likewise, their parents are feeling more anxious. They may make allowances for a transition phase from student life to adult life, but they get upset when they see the transition of their grown children's lives moving away from their expectations and stretching five years to seven years, and beyond. The parents don't even detect a clear sense of direction in their children's lives. They look at them and see
the things that are being delayed.
8 It's hard to predict what's next. New guidelines haven't been established yet, and everything seems
to give way to a less permanent version of itself. There's been a shift in the status and balance of
power between the genders, too. More women are getting degrees than men. Male wages have remained stable over the past decades, while female wages have boomed.
代。两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。取得学位的女性比男性更多。男性的工资在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出现激增。
9 Apart from anything else, this has had an implicit effect on courtship. Educated women can get many of the things they want, such as security, accomplishment, and identity without marriage. However, both genders are having a harder time finding suitable mates to build their lives with. Considering all of this, it's beneficial to know that even though graduates are delaying many things
after college, surveys show they still hold highly traditional aspirations. For example, this contemporary generation rates parenthood even more highly than previous generations did!
10 This new phase will likely grow more pronounced in the coming years. Nations around the world
have witnessed similar trends toward delaying marriage and spending more years than ever shifting between higher education and settling down with a career and family.
10 这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们推迟结婚，花更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。
11 Nevertheless, graduates s houldn't be deceived into thinking they can back off simply because things have become more difficult. A large number of people chasing relatively fewer opportunities
can create strong competitive pressure. S o, from the outset, keep your r ésuméprofessional and
up-to-date.
11 然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。大批的人努力角逐相对较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。所以，从一开始你就要将个人简历写得很专业，并
做到随时更新。
12 To reinforce this essential message, success moving through the odyssey years will come to those
who don't expect to achieve their goals right away but know that they must have the strength, capacity and confidence to endure over the long term. If you're a little late with your goals, don't feel
like a failure! Stay strong, be positive, and keep focused! Someday you will look back and wonder at
the vast changes as you passed through the odyssey years.
12 要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标的人——但这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。如果你的目标起步稍晚了点，不要认为自己是个失败者！意志坚定，态度积极，并集中精力！有一天，你会回头审视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大改变感到惊叹。
1 I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we, their parents,
when we were college sweethearts.Linda, who's 21, had a boyfriend in her freshman year she thought she would marry, but they're not together anymore. Melissa, who's 19, hasn't had a steady boyfriend yet. My daughters wonder when they will meet "The One", their great love. They think
their father and I had a classic fairy -t ale romance heading for marriage from the outset. Perhaps,
they're right but it didn't seem so at the time. In a way, love just happens when you least expect it.
Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other? He became
my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!
1 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更为成熟。琳达，21 岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚，但他们已不再来往
了。梅丽莎，19 岁，还没有一个固定的男友。我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。在某种程度上，爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？他之所以成为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！
2 We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria. That fateful night, I was merely curious, but for him I think it was love at first sight. "You have beautiful eyes", he said as he gazed at
my face. He kept staring at me all night long. I really wasn't that interested for two reasons. First, he looked like he was a really wild boy, maybe even dangerous. Second, although he was very cute, he seemed a little weird.
2 我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双美丽的眼睛。”他整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因有二。首先，他看起来就像是一个野小子，甚至还有些危险。其次，虽然他很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。
3 Riding on his bicycle, he'd ride past my dorm as if "by accident" and pretend to be surprised to see
me. I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild, dynamic personality. He had a charming
way with words which would charm any girl. Fear came over me when I started to fall in love. His
exciting "bad boy image" was just too tempting to resist. What was it that attracted me? I always had
an excellent reputation. My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades. But for
what? College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun. I had nearly achieved a
great education, and graduation was just one semester away. But I hadn't had any fun; my life was
stale with no component of fun! I needed a boyfriend.Not just any boyfriend. He had to be cute. My
goal that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find.
3 他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重视的感觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话，这会迷倒任何女孩。当我开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。究竟是什么吸引了我？我，一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢？大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育
目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活乏味，没有一点
新鲜感！我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目
标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。
4 I worried what he'd think of me. True, we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes
was taking place, but I was a traditional girl who wasn't ready for the new ways that seemed common
on campus. Butch looked superb! I was not immune to his personality, but I was scared. The night
when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend, I went along with him. And then I suddenly thought: "Oh my gosh! Am I his girlfriend? How did that happen?" Then he whispered sweet words
in my ear and said, "I'm going to marry you one day and I will be a lawyer. You will see."
4 我担心他会怎么看我。不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代，但我是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去很出色！我对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？”紧接着，他在
5 I was laughing inside and said to myself, "I'd never marry this guy. He's a rebel without a good
future. He's my boyfriend because I hate my boring student life. I just want to have fun."
5 我笑着对自己说：“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，
只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”
6 Sure enough, the following month, I found out he had failed all his courses. Consequently, he was going to be expelled from the university. To my disgust, he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there
was hope, so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration.
6 果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而，他将被大学除名。令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。
7 "You are going to graduate with a BA in political science from UPenn and proceed to the College
of Law," I told him, lodging an appeal on his behalf, which was approved. Butch was granted reconsideration. And, once we became steadies, he coordinated his studies and social life, passing all
of his classes. He eventually studied law.
7 我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学院。”我以他的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女朋友关系一经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课都通过了。他最终学了法律。
8 Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at his core, he is always a perfect gentleman and deservesa lot of credit for that. True, he'd sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved. But
the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years. Sitting by the palm trees, hand in hand, we would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset, and weave dreams of being together with children of our own, forever.
有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶，也很不以为然。但事实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌曲，观赏着日落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到永远。
9 Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with deep emotion, I confessed my love for him, "How roooomaaaantic!!" Then my brain woke up from fantasy land. I cried out, "Good heavens. No! We're
too young to tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from college yet!" I really loved him but was pessimistic about our chances for success.
9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！”可我随即从幻想中惊醒。我大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！”我真的很喜欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。
11 Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth
easy- g oing highways. It is a long, romantic, sometimes crazy, love story that sums up a 2-9year long honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other. Our love commenced
with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life.
11 我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公路。它是一个过了29 年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱情
1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messageswe get from our environment seem to defy common sense a nd contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.
1 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告诉我们要花钱，否
的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。
2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding,
nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up
email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending.Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.
司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不可接受的。请立即缴付，否则后果自负！之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们继续花钱。到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户？这两者之间可是天壤之别！
3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!" The other we could call an "upright" message,which urges us, "Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us from many sources:
from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to "traditional values". Hard work,
family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires a re core American values that have made our country great.
3 自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。一种从“纵容”的角度，让我们“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！”另外一种，我们可称之为“正直”的信息，它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的东西。”这类信息来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及传统价值观的政治人物。艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我们的国家变得强大。
4 But the opposite message,advertising's permissive message,is inescapable.Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on T,V i n movies on printed media and road signs,
in stores, and on busses, trains and subways. Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"
4 但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。虽然此类信息有时经过了乔装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，及公共汽车、火车和地铁上，比比皆是。广告侵入了我们的日常生活。我们时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息中。最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时！”
5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the
age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our
diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we will use for our vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it
now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to myself. I do what
makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put
things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."
5 据计算，普通的美国人到18 岁时，会看过60 万则广告；到40 岁时，看过的广告总数近
百万。每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！现在，我们当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名的广告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美的东西里得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再买，现在再也不会了。今天，我
6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological
and social consequencesof this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want
more things because w e want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: "Watch
out, takestock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger."
6 当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？这种控制我们花钱习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？一方面，我们希望买更多的东西，来满足我们的物质欲望。我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。与此同时，我们身体里面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注意力分
7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries
are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to
focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.
7 总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。把良好的财务状况看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力，并让人分心。它们会让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成功完成学业。
8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations,and
even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid
office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your
own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let
your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control
and lands you in legal troubles.
8 怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？许多学校、社区组织，甚至一些银行都
人请教如何建立一个预算方案。另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务状况，并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困境，不要让你的自大妨碍你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。
9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending
and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship,steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.
9 这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。学会了如何平衡支出和储蓄，你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，驶向成功和富有。
1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?
2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the
Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.
方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。
3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents.
What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as
they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction would
be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research. General Xiang Yu was a
rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and
who achieved the summit of success.
3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当
那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。
4 He is featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new publication, Predictably Irrational, a fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open. Most people can't marshal the will for painful choices, not even students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. In an experiment that investigated decision-making, hundreds of students couldn't bear to let their options vanish, even though it was clear they wouldprofit from doing so.
4 丹·阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数
学生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。
5 The experiment revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses we usually have for refusing
to let go. In the real world, we can always say, "It's good to preserve our options." Want a good example? A teenager is exhausted from soccer, b allet, piano, and Chinese lessons, but h er parents
won't stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day!
5 实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实世界里，我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。”想要一个好的例子吗？一个十多岁的女孩被
6 In the experiment sessions, students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors appearing on the screen. The rule was the more money you earned, the better player you were, given
a total of 100 clicks. Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it, they would use up one
click but wouldn't get any money. However, each subsequent c lick on that door would earn a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always revealing more money than the others. The
important part of the rule was each door switch, though having no cash value, would also use up one
of the 100 clicks. Therefore, the winning strategy was to quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards.
6 在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏: 在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇门后都会提供一些现金。该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击100 次，你点击获取的钱越多，你就玩得越好。学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。然而，
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两
扇多。这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可还是会用掉一次点击数。所以，制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。
7 While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left un-clicked for a
short while would shrink in size and vanish. Since they already understood the game, they should
have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they vanished, trying to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the students s o attached to the lesser doors? They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn't the true factor.
慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失的门不予理睬。然而，在它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门，试图让它们开启着。结果是，他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。为什么学生对那些变小的门如此依恋呢？他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是，据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。
8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open, underneath it all the students' desire was to avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching options close. "Closing a door on an option
is experienced as a loss, and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss," Dr.
Ariely says. In the experiment, the price was easily measured in lost cash. In life, the corresponding
costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities.
被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇选择之门就如同经受了一次损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。”在实验中，损失很容易用丢失的现金来衡量。在生活中，相应的损失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。
9 "Sometimes these doors are closing too slowly for us to see them vanishing," Dr. Ariely writes.
"We may work more hours at our jobs without realizing that the childhood of our sons and daughters
is slipping away."
9 “有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博士写道：“我们可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。”
10 So, what can be done to restore balance in our lives? One answer, Dr. Ariely says, is to implement
more prohibitions on overbooking. We can work to reduce options on our own, delegating tasks to
others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. He points to marriage as an example, "In marriage, we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open. We close doors
10 那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办法是制止更多的超额预约。我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，甚至放弃一些点子，让其他人去做。他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承诺不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”
11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr. Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his load. He urges the rest of us to resign from committees, prune holiday card lists, rethink hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.
11 阿雷利博士说，自从进行了这个点击门的实验，他已经有意识地努力减轻自己的负担。他敦促我们辞去委员会的工作，删减送节日贺卡的名单，重新思考兴趣爱好，并记住像项羽那样的关门者给我们的启示。
12 In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward
merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives. We are naturally prejudiced to believe
that more is better, but Dr. Ariely's research provides a dose of reality that strongly suggests otherwise.
12 换言之，他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西，而去追求那些能真正丰富我们生活的东西。我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿雷利博士的研究却强有力地告诉我们事实并非如此。
13 What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life? What pleasure and satisfaction
can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion? Surely, we
will have our respective answers.
14 Consider these important questions: Will we have more by always increasing options or will we
have more with fewer, carefully chosen options? What doors should we close in order to allow the
right windows of opportunity and happiness to open?
14 试想一下这些重要的问题：怎么做会使我们获得更多，是不断增加选择，还是只保持少数精心挑选的选择？我们应关闭什么门，以便让机会和幸福之窗打开？
Unit 7 section A
1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. "I immediately said a man," she says. "I felt that a male-boss/female-employee relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation whatsoever." But 20 years later, when she was asked the same question, she said, "I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; they're much more sensitive and intimate with their employees."
事。“我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。“我认为男老板和女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需互
相调整。”但20 年后，有人问她同样的问题时，她说：“令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，
女上司更容易接近，她们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”
2 Female bossestoday are still finding they face subtle resistance.There is still a segment of the
population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. T he
growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles:
Do men and women manage differently, and, if so, is that a good thing?
2 今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。还是有一部分人——有男性，令人
惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。女上司的不断涌现，也引出了与工作方式有
关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？如果有不同，是一件好事吗？
3 Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president
of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. "Relations with my employees are probably
different from those of male managers preceding me," she says. "I know what it's like to have to call
and say my kid got the mumps so I won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style
—more understanding." The man who is Monica's assistant agrees, "She tends to delegate more and is
always looking for a consensus.People are happy and flourish because t hey have an input into
decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. O n the other hand,
consensus takes longer."
3 莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。莫妮卡现在40 岁，有四个孩子，并且是一位拥有
45,000 名成员的公共部门工会的主席。“我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不
同，”她说。“我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的
状况。我的风格更灵活，这不是软弱，只是多了一点理解。”莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她往
往放权更多，并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不
是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达成一致意见需要
的时间要长一些。”
4 So, are the differences symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that men are typically
hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled. Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share
power. That point of view is often challenged and argued. Some proclaim that men and women of
similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. This view is
echoed by younger women, especially those who have encountered little gender discrimination. That
was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her father died of a heart attack, she was an employee at a
petroleum products export company. She quit and took over her family's 160- a cre fruit farm in
St.David's County. On her first day in the field, a worker called her "darling". "He was trying to test
me. I was shaking with anger," says Nicole, now 34. "I stood erect and said, ‘Youwouldn't have
called my father darling and you're not going to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire you.'"
4 那么，这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢？可靠的研究指出，男人通常有等级观念，以
目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。相反，女人则是灵活变通的，愿意分享权力。这一观点
往往受到质疑和争论。有人宣称，有类似的背景、经验和抱负的男女，基本上管理方式相同。
那些年轻女性，特别是很少遭受性别歧视的女性，也是这样认为的。妮可尔无疑从中得到了
教训。当她的父亲因心脏病去世时，她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。她辞了职，接管
了她家在圣大卫县160 英亩的果园。她第一天出现在果园时，一名工人称她为“亲爱的”。
“他是想试探我。我气得发抖，”现年34 岁的妮可尔说。“我挺直腰板站在那里跟他说：‘你不会称我父亲亲爱的，所以你也没有权利这样称呼我。如果你再这样做，我会解雇你。’”
5 When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over. Susan, a cashier in a Toronto auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she
can rely on them more. While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to make concessions to the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist, says, "It took me a couple of
years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with
her were much more businesslike."
5 当女性为女上司工作时，往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。苏珊是多伦多一家拍卖行的收银员，她说，她与一些女上司建立起了友谊，她感到她们更能够依靠。虽然女性可能会觉得与女上司相处时更自然，男性却往往不得不作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方式。海洋生物学家布赖恩说：“我花了几年时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实上，之前我与她的关系更多只是一种务实的工作关系。”
6 To some extent, the male- f emale differences come down to conflicting styles. One female
vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting. "Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying, inferring that she's feeling unhappy or violated." The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage. "When we cry, it's because w e have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release," she says. "Women cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed."
6 从某种程度上说，男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。一位女副总裁谈到她在一次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说：“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常规战争中的核武器。他们对女人的哭泣很不满，认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到了侵犯。”男人不明白，促使她掉泪的不是因为受到伤害，而是真正的愤怒。“我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适当的地方释放，”她说。“女人通过哭来释放情绪，男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显示镇定自若来释放情绪。”
7 Deborah, president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that even if men do understand, they sometimes react differently to the identical information and to her cooperative management style.
8 Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender. "It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women," she says. "Mom would
tell you to do things, but perhaps y ou wouldn't take as much notice as when Dad told you to do things. Men also have a stronger urge to control," she says.
8 德博拉说，她的权威有时因性别观念作祟而受到损害。“这源于整个社会对男性和女性的传统角色的界定，”她说。“妈妈会让你做事情，但也许你不会像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。男人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。
9 For female bosses, the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle. Junior
women assumea female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would. But, they also expect female bosses to be more se-lfsufficient. "They ask, ‘Why can't you scan your own stuff?' or
9 对女上司来说，一些女员工过高的期望是另一个障碍。职位较低的女员工认为女上司会比男上司更迅速地提拔她们。但是，她们也希望女上司能揽下更多的事。一位资深的女主管说：“她们会问，‘为什么你不能自己扫描文件？’或‘为什么你不能自己整理文件？’”
10 On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace. Nina, a management consultant says she's vaguely optimistic. "I'm looking forward to the day, before I die, when we recognize that the best management styles will be composed of the best that both genders bring to the table ..." Well, she pauses, maybe not before she dies, perhaps in her daughter's lifetime.
10 另一方面，几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。管理顾问尼娜说自己审慎乐观。“我期待某一天，在我临死之前，我们会意识到最好的管理风格是由男女双方带来的最佳组合??”嗯，她停顿了一下，可能不是在她去世之前，也许在她女儿的
有生之年会实现吧。
1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research.
These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school
and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury —circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I
also saw children healthy thanks to advancesin medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My
desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.
1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，
科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。
2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no
moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that
my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity -conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.
2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与
3 We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We have allowed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of "animal fraud" and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument. Perhaps w e should have responded t o those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds.
3 我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。
4 In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the
name of medical science. Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil
and cruel nature. A more reasonable a rgument, however, can be advanced i n our defense. Life is
often cruel to animals and human beings. Teenagersare flung from trucks and suffer severe h ead injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while
a parent is occupied with something else. From everyday germs to gang violence, no life is free of
pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward.
4 动物权利论坛大肆宣扬我们如何以医学的名义使这些动物经受巨大的痛苦。动物权利活动
的论点可用来为我们进行辩护。生活往往对动物和人类都是残酷的。青少年被甩到卡车外，导致头部严重受伤。还不太会走路的孩子们溺水沉到游泳池底部时，他们的家长正忙于其他事务。从常见的的细菌侵害到帮派的暴力，没有谁能不受伤害。医生们希望能永远减轻这些悲剧带给人们身体上的痛苦，他们只有三个选择：1）用动物做实验，以了解整个医疗过程和测试新的疗法；2）进行人体实验（一些实验会成功，大多数会失败）；3）让对医疗知识的了解处于停滞状态，希望偶然的发现会带领我们向前。
5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice, claiming that computer models can create animal experiments, thus omitting actual experiments. Computers can imitate the effects of well-understood principles on complex systems, as in the application of the laws of physics
to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study, computer modeling alone is of
little value.
去真实的实验过程。计算机可以模拟一些为人所熟知的原理在复杂系统中的应用效果，就如物理规律在飞机和汽车设计中的应用那样。然而，当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅靠计算机模拟成效甚微。
6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact
will not be felt for years or even decades. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical
and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries. There is the danger that quick decisions by
well -meaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.
掘的基本生物学进程将是未解之谜。危险的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定后拿出的解7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the agony of watching one's child die has become a
rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative. Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke are all based on animal research. Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so much disease, as well as the development of synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted.
7 幸运的是，我们大多数人都享有健康的体魄，眼睁睁地看着孩子死亡之苦已不多见。然而，对于能够享受健康或享受医学进步能带来的健康我们不应该不心存感激。对严重疾病的预防和用于心脏病、高血压和中风的药物都基于对动物的研究。大多复杂的外科手术，如心脏或髋关节手术、器官移植手术最初都是在动物实验中进行的。取代导致众多疾病的缺陷基因的技术，以及人造器官的发展，目前正处于动物实验研究阶段。如果动物研究严格受限，这些研究和其后的任何进展都将彻底地宣告结束。
8 In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence. As a doctor who
has watched many children die and seen their parents' infinite grief, I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures a nd so little for sick and dying human beings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means.
8 在今天的美国，死亡已经成为我们日常生活中孤立少见的事。作为一个看见过许多儿童死病和生命垂危的人却冷漠无情。人们受到了太多的保护, 以至于他们感觉不到现实世界里的9 Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless c ruel treatment of animals. The
animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals' needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.
9 但别搞错，我从来不提倡对动物实行不必要的残忍对待。动物权利运动使我们更加意识到
Unit1奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺 将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等 , ”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们, 一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你 们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过 去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着 去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获 这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能 体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世 界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你 隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友 却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！
1.3 US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University 美国副总统在复旦大学的演讲开场白 Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China. // We are grateful for the welcome we have received, especially for the kind of reception here at Fudan University. We thank you for the honor, and we bring you good wishes from President George W. Bush and the people of the United States.// 非常感谢您，市长先生。谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我夫人与我为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们。我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。 I know that many of you will soon graduate from this great university. I am told the standards are extremely demanding here, and a degree from Fudan University signifies years of hard work and discipline. I congratulate each one of you on your achievement, and I commend your teachers for upholding the tradition of excellence that marks the 99-year history of Fudan University.
第三版新视野大学英语第二册课文翻译 Unit 1 An impressive English lesson 1 If I am the only parent who still corrects his child's English, then perhaps my son isright. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and aman absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. 2 I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students,fresh from an excursion to Europe. "How was it?" I asked, full of earnest anticipation. 3 She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, andthen exclaimed, "It was, like, whoa!" 4 And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory ofRoman architecture were captured in a condensed non-statement. My student's "whoa!"was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. 5 There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. Surelystudents should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're orthe distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary. They unfairly bearthe bulk of the
新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程 3 课文翻译.txt39人生旅程并不是一帆风顺的，逆境失意会经常伴随着我们，但人性的光辉往往在不如意中才显示出来，希望是激励我们前进的巨大的无形的动力。40奉献是爱心，勇于付出，你一定会收到意外之外的馈赠。第一单元 a 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。 事实上，关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不能与之相比。
Lesson 3 3.3 Steve Forbes on Forbes 我祖父二十世纪初来到美国，他离开苏格兰时身上没有什么钱。连他在内有兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。** 他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些给商业社会带来变革的人。 我祖父常说，做生意不是为了堆积百万财富，而是为了带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司和经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但是焦点一直放在人上面。**对公司而言，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也这样看。 ** 当前世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹么其中，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要哪些可以不必理会。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。 3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company Distinguished guests, dear friends: I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference. Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters. **These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success. Our leading products are various architectural models, including exotic European cathedrals, the
奥ào运yùn会h uì优yōu秀x iù的d e标biāo准zhǔn 奥林匹克运动会依然是一个为竞争而竞争的最纯粹的例子。运动员们在事业和身体上做出牺牲，他们冒着受伤、受挫和彻底失败的危险，仅仅为了国家和自身的荣誉而竞争。为了获得这样的荣誉，运动员必须发挥出在自己的项目上的最佳水平，在世界最大的竞技舞台上发挥模范作用。虽然必须承认，有的运动员利用兴奋剂来提升自己的表现，从而取得优势，但他们从未获得过奥运会所能给予的唯一真正的奖赏，那就是荣誉。而且他们也从未体验过通过刻苦训练与决心这些美德而获胜所带来的光荣感。 迄今为止，卡尔.刘易斯是奥运会田径项目最伟大的选手，也是奥运会精神的典范。这不仅是因为他屡屡获得金牌，——刘易斯在四个项目的比赛中获得九枚金牌，在100米短跑和跳远比赛中保持世界纪录——而且是因为他天性中所富有的竞争力和从1984年到1996年间在每一届奥运会上所表现出的竞争和获胜的能力。如果不是美国拒绝出席1980年奥运会，他也会参加那一年的奥运竞赛。凭借速度、稳定的发挥，诚实，尤其是获胜的渴望，刘易斯的表现非秒表所能计量，甚至时间也停滞不前。他要求自己发挥出最佳水平，而他取得好成绩靠的不是服用药物，而是无与伦比的自制力和训练时的完全投入。 令人惊讶的是，卡尔.刘易斯的父母在他年幼时鼓励他去上音乐课，而不是去参加田径训练。但是他不愿意去，而是把一条胶带粘在地上，以此标出跳远世界纪录的距离，然后以非凡的决心开始向着目标练习跳远。他的父母评价道：“有些孩子今天想着以后当消防员，明天又梦想成为电影明星。卡尔决心练习田径，后来始终没有改变。他说他想成为最好的，就这些。”他多年的训练和从容的自信为他以后卓越的田径生涯打好了基础。
读写教程01课文翻译 Unit01 TestA 奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量
Lesson 10 10.3 中与欧盟的关系 女士们、先生们、朋友们： 今天，我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国的关系。 欧盟全称为欧洲联盟，是在欧洲共同体基础上由25个（27）独立的国家组成的，目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。原来称“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。 目前的25个成员国是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯（希腊部分）、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、欧兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚。 欧盟25国总面积400万平方公里，接近半个中国的面积。总人口数为4.544亿，排行第三，仅次于中国和印度，约占世界总人口的7%。 欧盟统一货币为欧元，2002年1月1日正式启用。到目前为止，已经有12个欧盟成员国用欧元取代其本国货币。统一货币使人们出门旅行、对比价格更为容易，它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长与竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。 到目前为止，欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。作为一个整体，这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。 欧盟与中国关系十分友好。今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。去年，欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2，000亿欧元。德国是中国最大的贸易伙伴，英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。 欧盟正抓住当前大好的历史机遇——团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆，创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。*** 这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的统一市场，这个市场饱含经济增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。 我的话讲完了，谢谢大家！
10.4 中国与东盟的关系 A: Excuse me, could you tell me when ASEAN was established? And how many member countries does it have now? B: 东盟于1967年8月8日成立，目前有10个成员国，它们是：文莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国、新加坡和越南。 A: Besides these 10 member countries, ASEAN also always holds the 10+1, 10+3 meetings. Does it mean that ASEAN has some dialogue partners? B: 是的。东盟有10个对话伙伴，它们是澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、欧盟、印度、日本、俄罗斯、新西兰、韩国和美国。 A：What is the area that ASEAN covers? How man languages are spoken in this region? What is the total population? B: 东盟地区面积大约有450万平方公里，有14中官方语言和7种宗教。人口总数在2000年有5.12亿。 A: 4.5 million square kilometers is about half of China’s territory, such a big regional organization neighboring China. How is the relationship between ASEAN and China now? B：东盟不仅在区域上面积广大，在经济、政治、科技上也是一个举足轻重的地区。所有的东盟成员国都是中国的友好近邻。自从上世纪90年代以来，中国与东盟的关系一直很好，政治联系日益密切。 A：Can you give some data? B: 在中国与东盟的关系中，经贸、科技方面的合作是基本的组成部分。1994年的贸易总额从120亿增加到235亿美元，其中中国出口额109.2亿美元，进口123.6亿美元。双方的相互投资过去几年也不断增加。东盟在劳务合作和项目建设方面已经成为中国的重要市场。中国和东盟已经同意用8年的时间创建世界人口最密集的自由贸易区。 A：The relationship is very good economically, but how about
新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文所有翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说 They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。 8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”（It's flying so unsteady.）我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?” “有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I say anything incorrectly?）” 他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是incorrectly 而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用unsteadily来描述鸟飞，而不是unsteady。”
WHAT IS STRESS The term stress has been defined in several different ways. sometimes the term is applied to stimuli or events in our environment that make physical and emotional demands on us, and sometimes it is applied to our emotional and physical reactions to such stimuli. in this discussion, we will refer to the environmental stimuli or events as stressors and to the emotional and physical reactions as stress. 压力这个词已经有几种不同的定义。有时候这个术语适用于我们环境中的刺激或事件，这些刺激或事件会对我们产生身体和情感方面的要求，有时也适用于我们对这种刺激的情绪和身体反应。在这个讨论中，我们将环境刺激或事件称为压力，并将情绪和身体上的反应称为压力。 Many sorts of events be stressors, including disasters, such as hurricanes or tornadoes; major life events, such as divorce or the loss of a job; and daily hassles, such as having to wait in line at the supermarket when you need to be somewhere else in 10 minutes. What all this events have in common is that they interfere with or threat our accustomed way of life. when we encounter such stressors, we must pull together our mental and physical resources in order to deal with the challenge. How well we succeed in doing so will determine how serious a toll the stress will take on our mental and physical well-being. 许多事件都是压力源，包括灾难，如飓风或龙卷风; 重大生活事件，如离婚或失业; 每天都有麻烦，比如当你要在10分钟内到别的地方去却不得不在超市排队等。所有这些事件都有共同之处，就是它们干涉或威胁我们习惯的生活方式。当我们遇到这样的压力时，我们必须整合我们的精神和物质资源来应对挑战。我们如何成功地做到这一点将决定压力对我们身心健康将产生多大的影响。 Reacting to stressors The Canadian physiologist Hans Seyle has been the most influential writer on stress. Seyle proposed that both humans and other animals react to any stressor in three stages, collectively known as the general adaptation syndrome. the first stage, when the person or animal becomes aware of the stressor is the alarm reaction. In this stage the organism becomes highly alert and aroused, energized by a burst of epinephrine. After the alarm reaction comes the stage of resistance , as the organism tries to adapt to the stressful stimulus or to escape from it. If these efforts are successful, the state of the organism returns to normal. If the organism cannot adapt to the continuing stress, however, it enters a stage of exhaustion or collapse. 加拿大生理学家Hans Seyle在压力方面一直是最有影响力的作家。塞尔提出，人类和其他动物在三个阶段对任何压力源作出反应，统称为一般适应综合症。第一阶段，当人或动物意识到应激源时，就是警报反应。在这个阶段，机体变得高度警觉和激起，并被一阵肾上腺素所激发。当警报反应进入抵抗阶段后，机体试图适应压力刺激或逃避压力。如果这些努力成功，机体的状态就会恢复正常。然而，如果生物体不能适应持续的压力，它就进入衰竭或崩溃的阶段。 Seyle developed his model of the general adaptation syndrome as a result of research with rats and other animals. In rats, certain stressors, such as painful tail-pulling consistently led to the same sorts of stress reactions in humans, however, it is harder to predict what will be stressful to a particular person at a particular time. subjective person's the on depends stressful be will stimulus particular a Whether
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 口译文本（二） 2.4 CNN采访李连杰 CNN：Congratulations on “Hero”. I mean,is the part very similar to what you normally play? 译文：祝贺《英雄》。我想问的是，这个角色是否和你通常演的角色很相似? 李连杰：不，这是一部不同寻常的电影中的一个非常独特的角色，和我以往演过的角色都不一样。可以说这是我最重要的动作片之一。 译文：No, this is a very unique role in a very unusual movie, different from all the other roles I have played before. It can be said to be one of my most important action movies. CNN：Why do you say that? You have made about 30 movies. How is this one different from the rest? 译文：为什么这么说？你演了大约30部电影。为什么这一部那么与众不同？ 李连杰：通常的动作片都有这么一个模式：一个孩子的父母亲被杀，这个孩子从小习武，立志报仇血恨。长大后他果然功夫超群，除掉坏蛋，为父母报仇。但《英雄》的题材则广博得多。 译文：Normally, action movies follow such a formula: a child’s parents got killed, and this child started playing Kongfu at a very young age, determined to take his revenge. And when he grows up, he will have become an outstanding Kongfu master, he will kill the bad guy and take the revenge for his parents. But Hero has a much broader theme. CNN：Is it very similar to “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon” for example? 译文：那它是否和《卧虎藏龙》类似？ 李连杰：完全不同。我认为李安是个非常有才华的导演，他用武术来描写爱情。而张艺谋则尝试用武术来描述中国文化，中国人的思想，以及他们期望的世界是什么样的。 译文：Absolutely different. Ang Lee is a very talented director; he uses martial arts to depict love. While Zhang Yimou uses martial arts to describe Chinese culture, the thoughts of Chinese people as well as the world in their eyes. CNN：That’s very deep. We know your first-ever movie was “Shaolin Temple” made in 1979 when you were still just a teenager. The movie was a huge hit in Asia and was followed by two sequels. Let me ask you, how did you move from being a martial arts champion to becoming a Hollywood action star? 译文：这可真够深奥的。我们知道你的银幕处女作是1979年拍摄的《少林寺》，
Unit 1 An impressive English lesson 1 If I am the only parent who still corrects his child's English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. 2 I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe. "How was it?" I asked, full of earnest anticipation. 3 She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, "It was, like, whoa!" 4 And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in a condensed non-statement. My student's "whoa!" was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. 5 There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. Surely students should be able to distinguish between their /there /they're or the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary . They unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better. 6 Students are not dumb, but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen. For example, signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary , even though the actual stationery items —pads, albums and notebooks —are not nailed down. Friends and loved ones often proclaim they've just ate when, in fact, they've just eaten . Therefore, it doesn't make any sense to criticize our students. 7 Blame for the scandal of this language deficit should be thrust upon our schools, which should be setting high standards of English language proficiency. Instead, they only teach a little grammar and even less advanced vocabulary. Moreover, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowledge of these vital structures of language because they also went without exposure to them. Schools fail to adequately teach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path of competent communication. 8 Since grammar is boring to most of the young students, I think that it must be handled delicately, step by step. The chance came when one day I was driving with my son. As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, "It's flying so unsteady." I carefully asked, "My son, how is the bird flying?" "What's wrong? Did I say anything incorrectly?" He got lost. "Great! You said incorrectly instead of incorrect . We use adverbs to describe verbs. Therefore, it's flying so unsteadily but not so unsteady ." 9 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I said, "It's a word that tells you something about a verb." It led to his asking me what a verb was. I explained, "Verbs are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing." 10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run . Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles. Within the span of a 10-minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in a senten ce. It was painl ess lear ning and great fun!