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Emanoc怎样提高英语六级听力词汇量

Emanoc怎样提高英语六级听力词汇量
Emanoc怎样提高英语六级听力词汇量

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?怎样提高英语六级听力词汇量

?东方网教育 2009年04月20日09:28 来源:网络

?( 一) 词汇量

单词是组成语言的细胞。实际上上了大学之后,很多同学的英语学习成为了“词汇学习”。

为什么这么说呢? 因为在高中阶段,我们把几乎所有的语法知识点都已经学完了,进入大学以后,我们马上面临着英语学习的一个平台期,总觉得该学的都已经学过了,但是读( 听) 不懂的还是照样不懂,英语水平总也上不去。大多数人把这种现象归究于单词量的不足,于是就找来词汇书疯狂背词。从vocabulary 5000 背到vocabulary 22000 ,还有TOEFL 词汇、GRE 词汇……背牛津朗文的人也并不鲜见。然而绝大多数情况下,这样背词的结果是,除了少数天生记忆力极好的“牛蛙”之外,这种学习方法并不十分有效。对于大多数人来说,这种把单词当做孤立的元素的背词方法使单词失去了生命力,因此很难记住,更谈不上运用。具体到提高听力能力来说,对词汇更是有特殊的要求。这样的要求主要体现在:词汇的听觉形象和词汇在特定语境下的含义。

很多人背单词的时候都是抱着单词书埋头苦看,要不就是拿着笔在纸上把单词写上一二十遍,这样做似乎能把单词记住。殊不知这种背词方法对提高听力水平所起的作用却微乎其微。道理很简单,因为这种背词方法在你脑海中建立的是单词的视觉形象,通俗一点说就是只有当你看到这个词的时候才会反应出这个词的意思。但听力:考试考查的是单词的听觉形象,也就是当你听到一个单词时,必须在很短时间内根据听觉信息对该词做出反应,并最好

是以英语思维做出反应( 此点在后面将详细讨论) 。在这种情况下,那些只建立了视觉形象而没有建立听觉形象的词对你来说,实际上还是完全的生词。要解决这个问题,就要求我们在背单词的同时注意建立词的听觉形象。这就要求我们必须在学习新单词的过程中增加朗读这一个环节。最低的要求是,在你拿着单词书背单词的时候,除了看和写,还要严格根据音标的发音将单词朗读几遍,以此来建立单词的听觉形象。例如,当你在记"evil" 这个单词时就不能通过它是“live" 四个字母颠倒来记,而是要把记忆的重点放在它的发音[' i:vl ] 上。

另一个方面是单词在特定环境下的语义。听力考试中所考查的绝大部分是口语式文体,它并不要求严格按照用词规范,还经常涉及到很多的特殊用法,这就要求我们了解和熟悉单词在听力常考的语境下的意思。例如1996 年1 月份的六级听力考试中有这么一题:

M :Where is Joan ?She said she would be here at three .And now it's three thirty .She must have missed the train W :I think so ,but I hope she won't miss the next one .Otherwise ,she should be late for the opening address at the conference .

Q :What's the woman worry about?

A)Joan may have taken a wrong train .

B)Joan won't come to the conference .

C)Joan will miss the next conference .

D)Joan may be late for the opening speech .

正确答案是D 。在这一题中,根据问题可以看出woman 的话是解题的关键,而她所提到的"opening address" 又是其中的解题点。对于"address" 这个单词,我们在小学时就已经学过它“地址、住址”这一个意思,我们用的最多的也是这个意思,因此在绝大多数

情况下当我们听到"address" 这个词的时候,也会最先反应出它是表示“地址、住址”的意思。但是在这一句话当中所考查的实际上是它的另一个意思:“演讲”。如果无法正确反应出这一层意思,我们就无法正确理解整句话。回到题目,我们会发现其实原文已经提供了一条有助于我们正确理解词义的线索:“at the conference ”。在与“大会”连用时,“address' '当然应该是表示“演讲”的意思。这就是根据单词所出现的特定场合判断词义的一个很好的例子。这一道题中还有另一个值得注意的单词:"miss" ,这也是六级听力中常考的单词。再看一个例子,这是2000 年1 月份的试题。

M :I ' m sorry I missed the football game 。but I had a terrible cold .

W :You don't miss anything .We couldn't have played Worse .

Q :What does the woman mean?

A) Footbell is her favorite pastime .

B)The game has been canceled .

C)Their team played very badly .

D)She's never watched a better game .

正确答案是C 。在这一道题中,“miss' '同样出现了两次。而在两道题的四个"miss" 全是表示“错过、遗漏”的意思,并非我们最初所学的,也是印象最深刻的“思念”的意思。可见,在准备六级听力的过程中,我们应当注意积累在听力中出现频率较高的那些单词的多层含义以及听力中常考的意思。

六级听力考试所考查的是会话,里面常常涉及到一些口语中经常用到的单词或短语,如果能在考试之前掌握这些单词短语的话,在考场上的发挥一定会觉得更加得心应手。下面是我所总结的一些较常考的单词或词组:

make difference 有不同

check out ( 图书馆) 将书借走,( 宾馆) 付账离开for ages 很长时间

think much of sb .对( 某人) 评价很高

on half way 在半路上

behind schedule 落后于预定计划/时间

take responsibility for 对……负责

take one's place 取代( 某人) 的位置

in reserve ( 书) 不借出,留待备用

out of condition 健康状况不好

in favor of 赞成,支持

be qualified 有资格

back number ( 杂志) 过期刊物

have a hard time in doing sth 费很大力气做某事

at one's convenience 在( 某人) 方便的时候

on the right track 照着正确的路线运行

be(not)in the mood ( 没) 有心思

give presentation 就……发言/口头陈述

run out of 用完,用尽

cut a class 旷一堂课

drop by(in) 顺便经过( 某处) 并停留

ring up 致电,打电话

run away from 回避

take your time 不用着急

get access to 走进,接近,能够利用某物

start with …以……开始

hang up 挂电话

start off 开始

run into 偶然碰见

play against 同……比赛

break down 出毛病

book up 全部预定完

come along 到来,出现,发生

a part-time jo

b 兼职

out of touch with 不接触

big bargain 便宜货,大甩卖

approve of 赞同

build up 树立,增大,增进

hold up 支持,支撑,继续下去

in a way 在一定程度上,从某方面看

equal to 胜任,等于

rule out 划去,排除,消除

go about 着手做,从事

without fail 必定,总是

at times 有时,间或

to be worn out 被穿破、被用旧

turn up 到来,出席

keep one ' s mind on 专心于

figure out 计算出,领会到

建议题型:

对话中常有一些表示建议的题目,其卷面特征有些象动作题型,即选项有可能是动词(原形)短语,但有时会以“ing”的形式出现,偶尔也会是完整的句子(句子中往往含有should)。要注意将建议题型与上述两种其它题型加以区别。

建议题型的提问方式通常有:

What does the man/woman suggest the woman/man do?

What does the man/woman mean?

在对话中的关键特征主要在于表示建议的一些句型,如:

Why don't you …?

Why not …?

Why bother?

How about …?

Wouldn't … be wiser?

Would … do sth.?

Why don't you …?与why not …?句型的解题关键在于它们后面的词,这些关键词有时会产生替换,在选项中以其同义词的形式出现。如:

M: Mary, why isn't Jane teaching here this term?

W: The movie start in 5 minutes and there's bound to be a long line.

M: Why don't we come back for the next show? I'm sure it would be less crowded.

Q: What is the man suggesting?

A) Coming back for a later show.

B) Waiting in q queue.

C) Coming back in five minutes.

D) Not going to the movie today.

男士的建议中用的是the next show,而在选项中用a later show作替换,虽然两者表达形式不同,但含义是一样的。

Why don't you …?与why not …?句型的解题关键在于它们后面的词,这些关键词有时会产生替换,在选项中以其

同义词的形式出现。如:

W: I ought to call Joan and tell her about the reception of this evening.

M: Why bother? You'll see her at lunch.

Q: What does the man mean?

A) She can tell Joan when she sees her at noon.

B) She should tell Joan's brother about the reception.

C) She must call on Joan after the reception.

D) She may see Joan's brother at lunch.

Why bother? 的意思是“何必麻烦呢?”,含义是否定的,是建议某人不要做出现在其前面的对话者所说的事。

W: We do need another bookshelf in this room, but the problem is the space for it.

M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen?

Q: What does the man suggest they should do?

A) Find a larger room.

B) Sell the old table.

C) Buy two bookshelves.

D) Rearrange some furniture.

How about是较为直接的表示建议的方式,与why not …很相似,解题的要点通常是出现在其之后的词分句。

W: I'm thinking of taking five courses next semester.

M: Wouldn't four be wiser?

Q: What does the man mean?

A) There are too many courses offered to students.

B) The woman should take fewer courses next term.

C) The man will take four courses next semester.

D) It is wiser to take more than four courses.

Wouldn't … be wiser 代表了一类类型,答题时要综合对话双方的内容加以判断。

事件与情景题型:

在听力考试中,最令考生头疼的莫过于事件情景题,但恰恰这类题在六级考试中出现得最多,这也是四、六级听力考试的区别之一。事件与情景题是针对对话所涉及的事件、对话所发生的情景及谈话内容存在的背景等设计而成的考题。这种题的形式一般是:对话双方围绕某件事、某个主题进行讨论,在谈话中涉及情景、背景或描述环境,然后针对谈话内容提问,其设问通常由what、why、how等引出,如:What are the two speakers discussing?

What does the man/woman say about ...?

What can you learn from the conversation? 等。

事件与情景题可分为事件细节题、综合理解题和推理题。对于细节题,考生要听清整个谈话的内容以至个别的词语;对于其它两种题,考生还要能够将这些内容和细节连贯起来进行整体的综合理解和进行逻辑推理。

由于其选项多为完整的句子,因此有效利用这种题的卷面线索的方法是:做题前对选项进行快速浏览,找出重复率较高的词,并对对话的内容和背景进行预测,甚至可用逻辑分析猜出正确答案。

【例1】

M: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

W: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.

Q: What happened to Mike?

A) His car was hit by another car. C) He fell down the stairs.

B) He was hurt while playing volleyball. D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.

答案:A)。此题考的是判断事实、关注细节的能力,有一定的难度。其实,考生如果听懂了M说的he was struck by another vehicle,就能推断出Mike在被撞时是开着车子的,否则就不可能说是another vehicle了,更何况选项A)实际上就是此句话的同义重复。

就卷面来说,本题有两个选项与车祸有关(A、D),另外两个则是各自独立的,事先可基本确定答案将在A、D中产生。

【例2】

W: I have to think about your offer. I can't say "yes" or "no" at the moment.

M: You can take your time. It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.

Q: Which of the following is true?

A) The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.

B) The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.

C) The man is eager to know the woman's answer.

D) The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.

本题的选项极象观点、态度与反应题,但实际考的是把握细节的能力。当年(91年6月)很多考生都没能做对,主要原因是对take one's time没有理解,而将其与选项B)的意思混淆了,而且也没能用M的后半句话来加以验证。事实上,M的话可分为两部分,把握住任何一个就足以选出正确答案D),如能相互验证那就更有把握了。从卷面的角度分析,我们可以看出,C)、D)两项为完全排斥的反义关系,而A)、B)并非如此。在这种情况下,可基本排除A)、B),本题的难度也就降低了50%。

【例3】

W: It's nearly 10 o'clock. Let's listen to the weather forecast.

M: Here's the weather forecast. Fog is spreading from the east, and it'll affect all areas by midnight. It'll b e heavy in some places.

第一阶段:基础

5月3日-12日:10天——听力词汇,基础最后冲刺。

将2000年1月至今所有真题中的单词突击一遍,其中包括题目、选项、听力原文中的单词,做到听到能识别,并且能够正确拼写,结合上下文语境记忆单词含义。难词、偏词做笔记突破。坚持每天3个长难句听写。

找到听得比较舒服的一套做过的题,把做题之后对答案这个做题习惯放在次要的位置上,反复听听力,并在听力原文上标注出上课的时候教师讲解过的发音技巧,以及英美音的差异现象(不完全爆破、连读、实意重读、语调、浊化、弱化)。这个阶段也可以在真题之外结合美剧,电影或英文歌曲提高听力节奏感,这些发音语感技巧体显得最淋漓尽致的材料可以协助六级听力真题双管齐下,帮助大家在考试前尽快适应充满纯正英语说话习惯(发音技巧)的真实英语的语流。

第二阶段:对话

5月17日-23日:7天——对话练习

新六级的听力部分包含短对话八题和长对话七题。其中,短对话共8段,长对话共两段。短对话部分要尤其注意对话地点类、人物职业关系类、建议类、动作类以及含义解释推论题。大家在这个阶段做题的同时要翻开强化班讲义,回顾出题情结规律,熟悉解题关键词。

长对话部分除了采用短对话的问法之外,更倾向于考察主旨方向,要学会边听,边排除错误选项。找到两个人交谈一问一答的回合感,问题出现之前一般就可以把答案选出来了。注意积累和总结以下主题的短语和词汇:旅行、大学、机场、设计、银行、工作场景。

第三阶段:短篇

5月24日——6月6日:14天——段子题练习

新六级听力段子题是大家比较头疼的一种题型。在这两周时间里面,大家要把最近6次考试的段子题集中做一遍。每周3套:周一三五,做题,对准确率。周二四六,查错,分析原因,查缺补漏。周日:对题目中错的最多的听力段落进行听抄(听抄方法参考讲义和课堂讲解)。

这两周集中练习可以帮助大家习惯六级短篇听力的语速,难度和信息编排规律,保证在考试的时候听到题目头脑不会断电,胸不会闷,手不会抖。听抄部分其实也是在为最后的复合式听写题目做准备。

6月7日-13日:7天——复合式听写题

其实听写练习在5月初的基础部分的长难句听抄中和第三阶段前两周的周日听抄练习中在扎实的练习了。这七天要把新六级考试以来所有考试07年6月,08年6月,08年12月,09年6月,和09年12月的五个复合式听写做一遍,记录不会的单词,分析后面的长句(长难句分析法见讲义)。

第四阶段:考前最后五天

主要任务是巩固成果,保持状态。把以前已经听得烂熟的听力题目拿出来再一次重听。考试之前2天,每天按标准时间做一套听力的完整题目,没有新题了,就把以前的题目拿出来重新做一遍也可以。进入到考试的节奏,放松心情,自信答题。

祝大家取得好成绩。

大学英语六级听力技巧介绍

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