Ryan Zachar
A Comparison Between Educational Systems of China and the USA
The education system as a whole in China has many similarities to that of the United States; however, there are also some notable differences, which seem to mainly stem from the large population difference and the culture of the respective countries. The main areas of comparison that were evident from the interactions with the Chinese university students and the time spent on the university campuses are the logistics of the educational system, student life, and the college campuses.
Like in the United States, elementary school and high school last a total of twelve years, but in China, it is split up slightly differently. After six years of elementary school, there are three years of “middle school” (equivalent to the usual two years of junior high in the United States) and then three more years of “high school.” The biggest difference between the two countries’ school systems is that in China, the system as a whole is much more rigid with more guidelines and in the US, there is significantly more freedom and fewer restrictions. For example, a student having the freedom to select his or her own classes is unheard of in China, as all the way through college, all the classes that a student must take is predetermined. An explanation for this is very likely the large number of students and allowing each student to personalize his or her plan of study is simply too complicated.
Another example is that after spending two weeks in China, we have seen many instances of students in elementary and high school in school uniforms. It seems as if school uniforms are the norm, whereas in the US, schools requiring uniforms is much more rare.
Ryan Zachar Again due to the population of students, the competition in Chinese schools is significantly higher. The HIT and Ningbo students said that there are entrance examinations for middle school, high school, and college; these exams determine the caliber of school that they are admitted to. Of course, the examination for college, or the “gao kao,” is the most important and thus, it is the exam that many students spend their entire life preparing for. Browsing a bookstore in China, we found the section for test prep books and looking through one on math, we noticed that the problems were significantly harder than problems on the SAT (which can be considered equivalent to the “gao kao”). The reason behind the difficultly of the tests is so there will be a greater range of scores so that colleges can better differentiate between the immense number of students.
There is a difference in how students get into their colleges. Students still have to take a test and their scores help determine the school they get into like America, but the major they get into. Students in China pick their major by writing down a list of possible majors on a piece of paper. Then the schools pick the students based on their grades. In America the schools let the student know if they were accepted or not and then the student picks from the schools that have accepted them.
Following the “gao kao” and being accepted into a university, Chinese students must then choose a major. There are a few similarities and many differences between the way most Purdue students choose their major, and the way most Chinese college students choose their major. Yet again, there are far fewer restrictions on American students when picking a major than there are on Chinese students.
Ryan Zachar At HIT the competition to get into majors is very competitive. After being accepted by the university, they must apply again for a major. My partner explained that she applied for a total of 5 majors, and only got accepted into one program. That is the major that she now has. Many of the Chinese students do not know what most of the majors even mean. Many students also feel pressure from their parents to go into a certain area. They must decide when they are still in high school which majors to apply for, and what the major actually entails which is often not understood. Many high school seniors also choose their major during their last few months in school. The big difference is that many American students can choose their majors. Some change their major up to four or five times. At HIT students rarely change their major. After their freshmen year only the top ten percent of students can change their major. If you are not in the top ten percent than you are stuck with the major that you chose. One of our Chinese partners explained that many of her friends are not happy with the major that they chose, but they are stuck with it. They will have to complete their undergrad in that subject, and then they can go to grad school for something that they are more interested in. Since HIT is a school of technology, most of the partners we talked to were engineers or a similar subject.
At Ningbo University the process of choosing majors was very similar. It was a liberal arts school therefore the majors were different. Many of students that we talked to had majors in International Economics or English. Interestingly, there did not seem to be the animosity between students of different majors, which is common in the United States at universities such as Purdue. Although engineers were seen as the major most needed at the moment, they saw all majors as important. Not like in America were most
Ryan Zachar majors will look down upon others. Such as how science and engineering majors look down on liberal arts majors. In China they are not very popular majors, but still seen as important.
Furthermore, Chinese students have a lot less vacation time than American college students do. American students have a three month summer vacation. Chinese students do not even have three months off the entire year. Their summer vacation lasts a month and a half and winter vacation lasts one month. Thus, Chinese students spend up to two months more in school each year than American students do.
It may seem this rigidity in the educational system may have negative effects on the students. In fact, before coming to China, we read that because of the great importance of tests in China, the educational system focuses strongly on tests and much less on other things like leadership, hands-on experience, teamwork, or creativity, which many Chinese students end up lacking. While Americans have labs to go with a lot of their classes, Chinese students do a lot more theory work and not much hands on work. They have very few labs and more lectures instead. They focus more on the theory than the mixture of theory and hands on. Even when they go to graduate school there is not much hands on work. The majority of Chinese students go straight to graduate school after undergraduate, while many American students seem to value real world work experience more and often feel the need to work for a year or two before deciding on whether or not to attend graduate school.
However, we also read that China realizes the importance of these other aspects of education and has been reforming its educational system to concentrate more on such
Ryan Zachar things. The students that we met in Beijing, at HIT, and in Ningbo all exhibited great leadership, worked together very well, and put on amazing and very creative artistic and musical performances—we see this as evidence of China’s reforming educational system.
As part of this reform, C hina has also started having everyone be taught English in school. They believe that eventually Mandarin and English will be the only to languages on Earth. They are taught English up through high school. It is surprising how well a lot of Chinese students speak English. They do not have to take it in college, but it is optional for them to major in English. They are not able to minor in it because there minors do not exist in China. They did not see why people would even want minors since they are not getting a full education in the subject.
Study, study, study; this is the foundation of any University education, whether in America or China. However, after all of this studying, students need some way to relax and have fun with their friends. Both American and Chinese students enjoy having fun. There are similarities and differences in the way that American and Chinese students have fun and entertain themselves.
American and Chinese students have many things in common when it comes to entertainment. Both cultures love music, particularly American music, which is played in Chinese discos. Chinese students love American culture and are very familiar with American music, movies and television. Chinese students, like Americans, enjoy having friends over and watching a movie or television show. When Chinese students were asked what they liked to do for fun, a common response from the females was shopping,
Ryan Zachar and playing computer games was usually the answer from the males. This is how also many American students pass the time at school.
While there are similarities in the way that Chinese and American students have fun, there are also several differences. Drinking and partying is one major difference between American and Chinese college students. Any major American University has a bar culture and numerous parties that a student can choose from on the weekend. Alcohol is also a big part of weekend activities for many American students, but this is not the case in China. Despite the fact that there is no drinking age, most Chinese students do not drink or go to bars or clubs on the weekends. And when Chinese students do drink it is not nearly as heavily as many American students. Parties on or near campus are also not popular in China. One Chinese student said that he did not think that anyone would come if somebody did throw a party. Another student asked if American universities were similar to the movie American Pie.
The American and Chinese students who were involved in Maymester China 2008 were v ery eager to make new friends and learn about each other’s respective culture. The students were so excited to get to know each other better they often met in the evening, when the academic part of the day was done, to go out and have fun. Despite their cultural differences, the American and Chinese students that were part of Maymester China 2008 had a great time together.
College campuses in China come in many different forms, just as they do in America. They can occupy anything from several floors of an inner city building to sprawling multi-acre campuses outside the cities. The design and size of college’s
Ryan Zachar
campuses in China are by no means equal. It is clear that some colleges enjoy the wealth that their school possesses and can create beautiful places of learning and research. Others serve a purely functional role and are void of elaborate buildings and expertly manicured surroundings.
For example, take Beijing Foreign Studies Institute and compare it to Illinois
Institute of Technology in Chicago, IL. Although they both occupy a small central area and have well kept buildings, they clearly do not have a great amount of space to expand and must substitute additional floors on buildings instead of building outward.
Additionally, although the Beijing Foreign Studies Institute has some landscaping and even a small monument and flag, it does not contain space for parks or recreation facilities on its campus.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) has a completely different campus then the Beijing Foreign Studies Institute, and can
be compared to a large campus such as Purdue
University in West Lafayette, IN. Not only
does it contain several buildings dedicated to
education and research, but also contains
several portions of campus dedicated towards
beautification. In fact, SJTU host more modern buildings and more green space then most large universities in the United States! It clearly benefits from primarily being a research institution and having the capability to attract money from business looking to do research at the university.
SJTU campus in Shanghai, China
Ryan Zachar In conclusion, college campuses in China are very similar to those in the United States. They come in several different forms and sizes usually consistent with the their proximity to the urban centers. Chinese universities clearly put an emphasis on making all of their campuses modern with the ability to effectively support quality education and research. Although several differences between the Chinese and American educational systems were described, not only are the college campuses similar, when looking at the two educational systems as a whole, they are surprisingly similar for two such differing cultures.
大饰界陶瓷让消费者免受欺骗区分广东、江西与山东生产瓷砖 总有很多大饰界陶瓷的客户来问,广东瓷砖与江西瓷砖、山东瓷砖到底有什么区别？下面就由大饰界陶瓷小编来与大家细细解说，解决您们家里装修的疑惑,同时也可以避免各位消费者受到欺骗。 全国主要瓷砖生产场地分布在广东、山东、华东、福建、四川、江西六大地区。以下 着重讲客户关注最高的三大产区：广东、江西、上东。 广东是中国陶瓷墙地砖的发源地之一，主要生产基地在佛山，其它有河源、肇庆、清 远等产区。佛山陶瓷无论在生产规模、技术水平、企业管理还是产品配套等方面来说，在 各大产区中都属一流。 江西产区原集中于高安，高安曾号称釉面砖王国。景德镇陶瓷的制造业也曾经是世界 最好的。佛山陶企及江浙陶企受当地政府推动节能减排政策的影响，纷纷投资江西。已形 成高安、景德镇、九江、萍乡等多个大型生产基地。广东瓷砖与江西瓷砖的区别不大，现 在很多佛山的陶瓷厂在江西都有产地。江西瓷砖拥有与佛山同样的技术，原材料资源丰富，声誉与产品质量不亚于广东。 山东瓷砖由于当地陶瓷企业中公有制企业占一定的比例，管理机制存在问题，而且技 术研发水平不高，所以产品主要走低档路线。 生产场地不一样瓷砖的质量也不一样，有哪里因素造成瓷砖的质量不一样呢，别急， 让大饰界陶瓷小编继续解说。土质原料、配料和技术设备的差别造成瓷砖质量不同。鉴于广东瓷砖与江西瓷砖差别不大，咱们就说说广东和山东的生产基地有什么差别吧！ 原料对比： 1、广东的原材料都是从江西、从化、清远、湖南等中大型矿区采购，这些地方的土质黏度是相当高的。配料也都是从国外进口过来的。 2、山东的原材料一般都是从当地或各个小矿区采购，当然他们的土质远远不如广东那些地方的土质！有很多瓷砖配料也都是从国内购买，可以省下不少成本费用。 大饰界陶瓷总结：大家知道为什么大饰界陶瓷小编要说土质吗？因为瓷砖制作最关键的就 是土质问题，土质原料越好它的黏度越高做出来的瓷砖也就更加密吸水率也就越小，不过 这还是要和设备结合的！ 设备对比： 1、广东瓷砖厂家的设备多是引进当今世界最先进、吨位最重的高科技设备！ 2、山东瓷砖厂家的设备多是广东厂家淘汰下来或国内制造的小型设备。 大饰界陶瓷总结：大家应该知道不管是什么产品技术都离不开好的设备，再好的技术 人员没有好的设备也是枉然。 区分方法: 1、广东瓷片底坯都是发白带点红 ,而山东瓷片底坯却是发红或暗红 2、广东抛光砖底坯都是发白色 ,而山东抛光砖多是发唔和发黑 3、广东瓷砖表面倒上墨水停留十分钟，再擦掉根本就不会渗透。而山东瓷砖倒上以后不到十分钟就会渗透到里面。
六年级下册 Unit One How tall are you ? I’m 21 metres tall. I’m tallest! I’m 1.6 metres tall. I’m taller than dinosaur. It’s so tall! Some dinosaurs are bigger than houses. Some are smaller than our schoolbags. How heavy is it? It’s five tons. What size are your shoes? My shoes are size 35. Look! That’s the tallest dinosaur in this hall. Yes, it is. How tall is it? Maybe 4 metres. Wow! It’s taller than both of us together. Look！There are more dinosaurs over there! They’re all so big and tall. Hey, this dinosaur isn’t tall! I’m taller than this one. Oh, yes. How tall are you? I’m 1.65 metres.
How tall are you? I’m 1.61 metres. Oh! I’m taller. You’re older than me, too. How old are you? I’m 12 years old. How tall are you? I’m 1.64 metres. Wu Yifan is taller than John, but Zhang Peng is taller than Wu Yifan. Those shoes in the window are nice! Let’s have a look. What size are your shoes, Mike? Size 7. Size 7? That’s so small. In China I wear size 40 shoes. Oh! Your feet are bigger than mine. My shoes are size 37. Really? You look taller than me. But I think you are heavier. How heavy are you? I’m 48 kilograms. Yes, you’re heavier. I’m 46 kilograms.
AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it
人教版小学六年级下册语文课文（要求背诵的有全文更好） 第一课：《文言文两则》 1、《学奕》 弈秋，通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听；一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至， 思援弓缴（zhuó）而射之。虽与之俱学，弗若之矣。 为是其智弗若与？曰：非然也。 2、《两小儿辨日》 孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗问其故。 一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。” 一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。 一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中盘盂（yú）， 此不为远者小而近者大乎？” 一儿曰：“日初出沧（cāng）沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤， 此不为近者热而远者凉乎？” 孔子不能决也。 两小儿笑曰：“孰（shú）为汝(rǔ）多知（zhì）乎？” 第二课：《匆匆》 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了， 有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的， 你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？ 我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。 我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。 去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候， 日子从水盆里过去 ；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。 我 觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日 子的 影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。 在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只
人教版六年级语文下册课文 1、文言文两则《学弈》《两小儿辩日》电子课文 学弈（yì）[1] 弈秋[2]，通国[3]之善弈者也。使弈秋诲[4]二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟（w?i）弈秋之为听[5]；一人虽听之[6]，一心以为有鸿鹄（hú）[7]将至，思援[8]弓缴（zhu ?）[9]而射之。虽与之[10]俱[11]学，弗（fú）[12]若之矣（yǐ）[13]。为[14]是其[15]智弗若与（yú）？曰：非然也。 两小儿辩日[16] 孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗[17]，问其故。 一儿曰：“我以[18]日始出时去[19]人近，而日中[20]时远也。” 一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。 一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及[21]日中则如盘盂（yú）[22]，此不为远者小而近者大乎？” 一儿曰：“日初出沧（cāng）沧凉凉[23]，及其日中如探汤[24]，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？” 孔子不能决[25]也。 两小儿笑曰：“孰（shú）为汝（rǔ）[26]多知[27]乎？” 1、本文选自《孟子?告子》。孟子是我国古代的思想家、教育家。《孟子》记录了孟子的思想和言行。弈：下棋。 2、秋：人名，因他善于下棋，所以称为弈秋。 3、通国：全国。 4、诲：教导。 5、惟弈秋之为听：只听弈秋（的教导）。 6、之：指弈秋的教导。 7、鸿鹄：天鹅。 8、援：引，拉。 9、缴：古时指带有丝绳的箭。 10、之：他，指前一个人。 11、俱：一起。 12、弗：不。 13、矣：了。 14、为：因为。 15、其：他的，指后一个人。 16、本文选自《列子?汤问》。 17、辩斗：辩论，争论。 18、以：认为。 19、去：离。 20、日中：正午。 21、及：到。 22、盘盂：盛物的器皿。圆者为盘，方者为盂。
《泥土的生命——古代陶器与瓷器》
教学设计
一、教材分析： 本课题选自人教版普通高中美术鉴赏第二课《传统艺术的根脉——玉器、陶瓷和青铜艺术》。陶瓷文 化是我国传统文化中的一个精髓部分，本课通过对陶器的产生、发展及古代瓷器的介绍，使学生对陶瓷的 艺术价值和文化积淀有了初步的认识，同时激发学生对陶瓷的赏鉴和陶瓷文化产生浓厚的兴趣。b5E2RGbCAP 二、教学目标： 1.让学生了解中国原始社会陶器的产生及艺术成；了解中国古代瓷器的艺术成就。 2.体会从造型与装饰的结合方面，欣赏工艺美术作品。 3.让学生初步了解祖国传统的陶瓷艺术的历史，增强民族自豪感。 三、教学重点和难点 教学重点：让学生通过各种活动环节，进行学习探究，了解陶瓷的发展史，以及不同时期陶瓷的制造 工艺和主要艺术特点。p1EanqFDPw 教学难点：了解陶瓷装饰纹样、图案的含义。动手制作一个有特色的陶器作品。 四、设计思想： 在新课程标准探究性、实践性、体验性等原则的指导下，这节课通过模拟“陶瓷艺术博览会”实物展 示，激发学生对陶瓷品鉴的兴趣；通过多媒体的播放，让学生对古代陶瓷艺术品的鉴赏能力有所提高；通 过视频学习，了解陶瓷的制作流程，看教材自学、分组讨论，探究实践等多元学习方式的运用，发展和提 升学生自主性、合作性、探究性学习的意识和能力。DXDiTa9E3d 五、教学准备： 1.学生课前搜集一些有关陶瓷的知识，（如果有条件）准备一两件陶瓷工艺品。 准备一些陶土、塑料刮刀或竹片、塑料袋、水粉颜料等。 2.教师准备多媒体课件，具有代表性的陶瓷艺术品四件。 六、教学过程： 本课教学流程安排：创设情景，活动导入。——欣赏分析，尝试探索。——表演体验，主动探究。— —巩固知识，拓展探究——制作练习，实践探究——展示作品，汇报交流。——课后拓展 RTCrpUDGiT （一）创设情景，活动导入。 设置环境：教师在黑板上板书“陶瓷艺术博览会”，并在教室一角布置一个小展区，在展区中布置好师 生带来的陶瓷艺术品。5PCzVD7HxA 1.教师导语：同学们！今天，我们搞一个“陶瓷艺术博览会”活动，首先请大家来鉴赏这些生活中常见 的陶瓷艺术品。谈一谈，你最喜欢或者最为关注的一件陶瓷艺术品，同时说出你喜欢、关注的理由。如果 在鉴赏时有什么疑惑不解的地方，可以在小组交流时一并提出来。jLBHrnAILg
第一单元 1、北京的春节 老舍 照北京的老规矩，春节差不多在腊月的初旬就开始了。“腊七腊八，冻死寒鸦”，这是一年里最冷的时候。在腊八这天，家家都熬腊八粥。粥是用各种米，各种豆.身各种干果熬成的。这不是粥，而是小型的农业展览会？ 除此之外，这一天还要泡腊八蒜。把蒜瓣放进醋里，封起来,为过年吃饺子用。到年底，蒜泡得色如翡翠，醋也有了些辣味,色味双美，使人忍不住要多吃几个饺子。在北京，过年时，家家吃饺子。 孩子们准备过年，第一件大事就是买杂拌儿。这是用花生、胶枣、榛子、栗子等干果与蜜饯掺和成的。孩子们喜欢吃这些零七八碎儿。第二件大事是买爆竹，特别是男孩子们。恐怕第三件事才是买各种玩意儿——风筝、空竹、口琴等。 孩子们欢喜，大人们也忙乱。他们必须预备过年吃的、喝的、穿的、用的，好在新年时显出万象更新的气象。 腊月二十三过小年，差不多就是过春节的“彩排”。天一擦黑，鞭炮响起来，便有了过年的味道这一天，是要吃糖的，街上早有好多卖麦芽糖与江米糖的,糖形或为长方块或为瓜形，又甜乂黏，小孩子们最喜欢。 过了二十三，大家更忙。春节眨眼就要到了啊。除夕前
必须大扫除一次，名曰扫房。还要把肉、鸡、鱼、青菜、年糕什么的都预备充足，至少足够吃用一个星期的——按老习惯，店铺多数关五天门，到正月初六才开张。 除夕真热闹家家赶做年菜，到处是酒肉的香味。男女老少都穿起新衣，门外贴上了红红的对联，屋里贴好了各色的年画。除夕夜家家灯火通宵，不许间断，鞭炮声日夜不绝。在外边做事的人,除非万不得已，必定赶回家来吃团圆饭。这一夜，除了很小的孩子，没有什么人睡觉，都要守岁。 元旦的光景与除夕截然不同：除夕，街上挤满了人；元旦，铺户都上着板子，门前堆着昨夜燃放的爆竹纸皮，全城都在休息。男人们午前到亲戚家、朋友家拜年。女人们在家中接待客人。城内城外许多寺院举办庙会，小贩们在庙外摆摊，卖茶、食品和各种玩具。小孩子们特别爱逛庙会，为的是有机会到城外看看野景,可以骑毛驴，还能买到那些新年特有的玩具。庙会上有赛轿车赛马的，在老年间，据说还有赛骆驼的。这些比赛并不为争谁第一谁第二，而是在观众面前表演骡马与骑者的美好姿态和娴熟技能。 多数铺户在初六开张，又放鞭炮，从天亮到清早，全城炮声不绝。除了卖吃食与其他重要日用品的铺子，大家并不很忙，铺中的伙计们还可以轮流着去逛庙会、逛天桥和听戏。 元宵上市，春节的又一个高潮到了。正月十五，处处张灯结彩，整条大街像是办喜事，红火而美丽。有名的老铺都
瓷器与陶器的区别 1、烧成温度不同 陶器的烧成漫度一般在900℃左右,瓷器则需要1300℃的高温才能烧成; 2、坚硬程度不同 陶器烧成温度低，坯体并未完全烧结，敲击时声音发问，胎体硬度较差，有的甚至可 以用钢刀划出沟痕。瓷器的烧成温度高，胎体基本烧结，敲击时声音清脆，胎体表面用一 般钢刀很难划出沟痕; 3、使用原料不同 陶器的胎料是普通的粘土，瓷器的胎料则是瓷土，即高岭土因最早发现于江西景德镇 东乡高岭村而行名; 4、透明度不同 陶器的坯体即使比较薄也不具备半透明的特点。例如龙山文化的黑陶，薄如蛋壳，却 并不透明。瓷器的胎体无论薄厚，都具有半透明的特点; 5、釉料不同 陶器有不挂釉和挂釉的两种，挂釉的陶器釉料在较低的烧成温度时即可熔融。瓷器的 釉料有两种，既可在高温下与胎体一次烧成，也可在高温素烧胎上再挂低温釉，第二次低 温烧成; 6、概念不同 陶器pottery：用粘土为胎、经过手捏、轮制、模塑等方法加工成型干燥后，放在窑 内烧制而成的物品。瓷器china：瓷器是一种由瓷石、高岭土等组成，经混炼，成形，煅 烧而成的外表施有釉或彩绘的物器。 我国的陶器制作，历史悠久，窑口众多，产量极大，除了历代流传下来的传世品外， 地下出土物中要数陶器最为丰富。但是历史上某些人出于各种动机，对古陶器也和对其它 文物一样，制作了一些复制品或伪品，真真假假，虚虚实实，一下子也难以搞清。为了保 护祖国的文物，就需要研究陶器的演变规律，对它的制作年代和真伪，进行准确的科学鉴定。用科学的方法来分析、辨别古代陶器的真伪及其艺术水平的高下就叫作古陶器鉴定。 鉴定古陶器，并非十分神秘而高不可攀，但必须认真实践，从实践中不断积累经验， 有意识地对各种真品和伪作进行分析比较，搞清不同时代、不同地区、不同窑口的风格， 各种复制品与作伪的种种表现，经过一段较长时间的观察、分析、比较，掌握其演变规律，就可逐步地获得鉴定的入门知识。鉴定陶器关键在于要多观看、多接触、多实践，从把握
八年级下学期全部长篇课文 Unit 1 3a P6 In ten years , I think I'll be a reporter . I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanfhai last year and fell in love with it. I think it's really a beautiful city . As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of interesting people. I think I'll live in an apartment with my best friends, because I don' like living alone. I'll have pets. I can't have an pets now because my mother hates them, and our apartment is too small . So in ten yers I'll have mny different pets. I might even keep a pet parrot!I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. During the week I'll look smart, and probably will wear a suit. On the weekend , I'll be able to dress more casully. I think I'll go to Hong Kong vacation , and one day I might even visit Australia. P8 Do you think you will have your own robot In some science fiction movies, people in the future have their own robots. These robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do most unpleasant jobs. Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. Scientist ae now trying to make robots look like people and do the same things as us. Janpanese companies have already made robts walk and dance. This kond of roots will also be fun to watch. But robot scientist James White disagrees. He thinks that it will be difficult fo a robot to do the same rhings as a person. For example, it's easy for a child to wake up and know where he or she is. Mr White thinks that robots won't be able to do this. But other scientists disagree. They think thast robots will be able t walk to people in 25 to 50tars. Robots scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people . For example, there are already robots working in factories . These robots look more like huge arms. They do simple jobs over and over again. People would not like to do such as jobs and would get bored. But robots will never bored. In the futhre, there will be more robots everwhere, and humans will have less work to do. New robots will have different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possibe now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed
人教版小学六年级下册语文课文(要求背诵的有全文更好) 第一课:《文言文两则》 1、《学奕》 弈秋,通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈,其一人专心致志, 惟弈秋之为听;一人虽听之,一心以为有鸿鹄将至, 思援弓缴(zhuó)而射之。虽与之俱学,弗若之矣。 为就是其智弗若与？曰:非然也。 2、《两小儿辨日》 孔子东游,见两小儿辩斗问其故。 一儿曰:“我以日始出时去人近,而日中时远也。” 一儿以日初出远,而日中时近也。 一儿曰:“日初出大如车盖,及日中盘盂(yú), 此不为远者小而近者大乎？” 一儿曰:“日初出沧(cāng)沧凉凉,及其日中如探汤, 此不为近者热而远者凉乎？” 孔子不能决也。 两小儿笑曰:“孰(shú)为汝(rǔ)多知(zhì)乎？” 第二课:《匆匆》 燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了, 有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但就是,聪明的, 您告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——就是有人偷了她们 罢: 那就是谁？又藏在何处呢？就是她们自己逃走了罢:现在又到了哪里 呢？ 我不知道她们给了我多少日子;但我的手确乎就是渐渐空虚了。 在默默里算着,八千多日子已经从我手中溜去;像针尖上一滴水滴 在大海里,我的日子滴在时间的流里,没有声音,也没有影子。 我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。 去的尽管去了,来的尽管来着;去来的中间,又怎样地匆匆 呢？早上我起来的时候,小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳她有脚啊, 轻轻悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于就是——洗手的时候, 日子从水盆里过去 ;吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里过去;默默时,便从凝然的双眼前过去。 我 觉察她去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽时,她又从遮挽着的手边过去,天黑时,我躺在床上,她便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过,从我脚边飞去了。等我 睁开眼与太阳再见,这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但就是新来的 日子的
部编版小学语文六年级下册课文原文
目录 1.北京的春节 (1) 2.腊八粥 (2) 3.古诗三首 (4) 寒食 (4) 迢迢牵牛星 (4) 十五夜望月 (5) 4.藏戏 (5) 5.鲁滨逊漂流记(节选) (6) 6.骑鹅旅行记（节选） (9) 7.汤姆.索亚历险记（节选） (13) 8.匆匆 (15) 9.那个星期天 (16) 10.古诗三首 (17) 马诗 (17) 石灰吟 (18) 竹石 (18) 11.十六年前的回忆 (18) 12.为人民服务 (21) 13.金色的鱼钩 (22) 14.文言文二则 (25) 学弈 (25) 两小儿辩日 (25) 15.表里的生物 (26) 16.真理诞生于一百个问号之后 (27) 17.他们那时候多有趣啊 (29)
回忆往事阅读材料 (31) 1.老师领进门 (31) 2.作文上的红双圈 (32) 依依惜别阅读材料 (33) 1.给老师的一封信 (33) 2.把握自己，把握美好未来 (34) 3.我为少男少女们歌唱 (34) 4.毕业赠言 (35) 古诗词诵读 (36) 1.采薇（节选） (36) 2.春夜喜雨 (36) 3.闻官军收河南河北 (37) 4.早春呈水部张十八员外 (37) 5.江上渔者 (38) 6.泊船瓜洲 (38) 7.游园不值 (38) 8.卜算子.送鲍浩然之浙东 (39) 9.浣溪沙 (39) 10.清平乐 (40)
1.北京的春节 照北京的老规矩，春节差不多在腊月的初旬就开始了。“腊七腊八，冻死寒鸦”，这是一年里最冷的时候。在腊八这天，家家都熬腊八粥。粥是用各种米，各种豆，与各种干果熬成的。这不是粥，而是小型的农业展览会。 除此之外，这一天还要泡腊八蒜。把蒜瓣放进醋里，封起来，为过年吃饺子用。到年底，蒜泡得色如翡翠，醋也有了些辣味，色味双美，使人忍不住要多吃几个饺子。在北京，过年时，家家吃饺子。 孩子们准备过年，第一件大事就是买杂拌儿。这是用花生、胶枣、榛子、栗子等干果与蜜饯掺和成的。孩子们喜欢吃这些零七八碎儿。第二件大事是买爆竹，特别是男孩子们。恐怕第三件事才是买各种玩意儿——风筝、空竹、口琴等。 孩子们忙乱，大人们也紧张。他们必须预备过年吃的、喝的、穿的、用的，好在新年时显出万象更新的气象。 腊月二十三过小年，差不多就是过春节的“彩排”。天一擦黑，鞭炮响起来，便有了过年的味道。这一天，是要吃糖的，街上早有好多卖麦芽糖与江米糖的，糖形或为长方块或为瓜形，又甜又黏，小孩子们最喜欢。 过了二十三，大家更忙，春节眨眼就要到了啊。除夕前必须大扫除一次，名曰扫房。还要把肉、鸡、鱼、青菜、年糕什么的都预备充足，至少足够吃用一个星期的——按老习惯，店铺多数关五天门，到正月初六才开张。 除夕真热闹。家家赶做年菜，到处是酒肉的香味。男女老少都穿起新衣，门外贴上了红红的对联，屋里贴好了各色的年画。除夕夜家家灯火通宵，不许间断，鞭炮声日夜不绝。在外边做事的人，除非万不得已，必定赶回家来吃团圆饭。这一夜，除了很小的孩子，没有什么人睡觉，都要守岁。 元旦的光景与除夕截然不同:除夕，街上挤满了人；元旦，铺户都上着板子，门前堆着昨夜燃放的爆竹纸皮，全城都在休息。 男人们午前到亲戚家、朋友家拜年。女人们在家中接待客人。城内城外许多寺院举办庙会，小贩们在庙外摆摊，卖茶、食品和各种玩具。小孩子们特别爱逛庙会，为的是有机会到城外看看野景，可以骑毛驴，还能买到那些新年特有的玩具。庙会上有赛轿车赛马的，在老年间，据说还有赛骆驼的。这些比赛并不为争谁第一谁第二，而是在观众面前表演骡马与骑者的美好姿态和娴熟技能。 多数铺户在初六开张，又放鞭炮，从天亮到清早，全城炮声不绝。除了卖
第二课传统艺术的根源--玉器、陶瓷 授课教师：东安一中刘爱华 授课年级：高中一年级 课时：1课时 课型：新授 教学目标： 1.通过教学，使学生了解我国传统工艺美术中具有悠久历史的玉器、陶瓷和青铜器艺术的基本知识、工艺特点。 2.培养学生欣赏古代工艺美术的能力，提高艺术欣赏水平。 3.了解中华民族文化的博大精深，增强民族自豪感。 重点： 1.感受各类工艺美术品的外在形式美和特有的人文内涵。 2.从掌握知识和掌握欣赏方法来讲，重点应放在掌握欣赏方法上。 难点：主要是一些专业名词和有关的历史文化知识。 教学准备：多媒体教学设备课件 教学过程与内容 一、组织教学： 二、引入新课： 在中国古代早期的工艺美术中，成就最突出、而且最富民族特色的就是玉器、陶瓷和青铜器艺术。今天我们就来欣赏和了解一下这些各具特色、具有悠久历史的传统工艺。（出示课题） 玉石之分--古代玉石艺术 教学目的： 通过古代石器、玉器的发展，了解人类审美意识的萌生与发展。了解玉器的丰富内涵和对中国文化的深远影响，由此对工艺美术获得初步了解。 教学重点： 玉器的发展历史和丰富内涵 教学难点： 理解“君子比德于玉”的特殊历史意义 教学过程： 一、导入 你了解玉的哪方面的故事？ 指名说说 二、新授 以硬玉、软玉、碧玉、水晶等为原料而制作的工具、 装饰品、祭器、陈设品等通称为玉器。根据现有资料证明，中国最早的玉器出现于距今7000年的新石器时代，大家知道，我们的祖先那时就是以石头作为生活、生产工具的材料，其中比较美丽的、有光泽、有色彩花纹的石头，就被用来作为装饰品，后来人们知道了打磨、穿孔、镂雕等加工手段。到了新石器时代后期，玉就从石头中分离出来成为工艺品中国古人对玉的解释除了物质的特性--质地温润缜密、光泽柔和外，还赋予它以“德”的含义。商周时代，作为玉器，有用于祭祀（si）和礼仪的“礼玉”，有用于服装佩饰的“佩玉”，以“佩玉为尚”，成为一种具有社会道德含义的特殊物品，这是中国封建社会的文人对玉的特征和内涵的典型概括。
高中英语选修 6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on
新课标人教版六年级下册语文教案全集_完整版 新课标人教版六年级语文下册教学计划和教案六年级语文下册教学计划一教材基本结构教材继续按专题组织单元共设计了六个专题依次是人生感悟民风民俗深深的怀念外国名篇名著科学精神难忘小学生活在六组教材之后安排了一组古诗词背诵提供了10首供学生读背的古诗词在教材的最后还安排了综合复习为教师准备了9篇复习材料以供期末复习时使用本册教材的综合性学习安排在第六组难忘小学生活这个专题采用的是任务驱动活动贯穿始终的编排方式包括活动建议和阅读材料两大部分本册教材除去第六组共有课文21篇其中精读课文10篇略读课文11篇每组由导语课例口语交际·习作回顾·拓展四部分组成课例包括4--5篇课文每篇精读课文后有思考练习题略读课文前有连接语部分课文后面安排了资料袋或阅读链接全册安排资料袋三次安排阅读链接五次口语交际·习作依然作为一个独立的栏目在有的单元中提供多个角度供教师和学生选择回顾·拓展由三个栏目组成交流平台日积月累是固定栏目另有成语故事趣味语文课外书屋穿插安排其中趣味语文成语故事各安排了两次课外书屋安排了一次本册要求会写80个字为便于复习检测生字和积累词语在每组课文之后安排了词语盘点栏目其中读读写写中的词语是精读课文里的由会写的字组成要求能读会写读读记记中的词语有的是精读课文里的有的是略读课文里的只要求识
记不要求书写二新课标的要求教学改革中要求重视课堂教学环节要求教师在备教改导考析等教学环节下功夫加大力度认真做好培优补差工作和学科竞赛辅导在教学方法上对不同课题进行不同的教学设计分层次分类别训练在预习课堂活动课后练习检测中围绕趣学乐学学会会学创设学生全身心参与让学生在参与中生动活泼地发展在发展中积极主动地参与总之教学是一门艺术奉行教学有法教无定法教要得法的理念三教学重难点1重点学写简单的记事作文想象作文简单的读书笔记关于自己的事在阅读中学习一些读写方法展开联想和想象进行表达的方法体会关键词句在表情达意方面的作用环境描写和心理描写读课文时能联系实际深入思考理解含义深刻的句子继续学习用较快的速度读课文在阅读中能揣摩文章的叙述顺序体会作者的思想感情初步领悟基本的表达方法2难点学习用较快的速度读课文并能抓住文章的大意会读诗歌初步掌握阅读方法了解诗歌的语言特点在综合性学习活动中通过了解自我阅读报刊书籍及采访等途径小结自己的小学生活和成长足迹能够写简单学会活动总结四需注意的问题1要全面了解学生还可能存在哪些语文学习的问题1语文学习的兴趣开始减弱上语文课课外阅读和进行语文活动的积极性不高2基础知识不够扎实书面语言问题较多3有的学生口头表达能力欠缺胆小很少当众发言2教师的教学要不断地进行反思与总结学生的上述情况哪些是教师教学问题哪些是学生个人问题如何根据学生的实际情况而不是根据课程标准或者教参设定学习目标关注本地区毕业测评的动向需要适当补充哪些教学内容经过最后一学期的语文学习
人教版小学六年级下册语文必背课文 第一课：《文言文两则》 1、《学奕》 弈秋，通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听；一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至， 思援弓缴（zhuó）而射之。虽与之俱学，弗若之矣。 为是其智弗若与？曰：非然也。 2、《两小儿辨日》 孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗问其故。 一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。” 一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。 一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中盘盂（yú）， 此不为远者小而近者大乎？” 一儿曰：“日初出沧（cāng）沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤， 此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”
孔子不能决也。 两小儿笑曰：“孰（shú）为汝(rǔ）多知（zhì）乎？” 第二课：《匆匆》 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了， 有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的， 你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？ 我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴 在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。 我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。 去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆 呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候，
日子从水盆里过去 ；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。 我 觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时 ，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我 睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。 在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只 有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什 么呢？过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤 裸裸的回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？ 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？
砖瓦和陶器、瓷器 教学目标： 发展对物质世界的探究兴趣。 认同物理性质是可以被观察和测量的观点。 增强环境保护的意识。 教学重点：砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的性质 教学难点：会利用学过的方法判断砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的性质。 教具准备：课件 教学过程： 一、谈话导入，砖瓦和陶器、瓷器 师：同学们，中国的传统文化有很多，有书法，中国结，兵马俑，乐器，陶器和瓷器，四大发明等等。那么今天这节课我们一起来研究砖瓦和陶器、瓷器。师：（教师播放砖瓦的图片。）你们在播放的图片中看到了什么？知道它们的用途吗？ 生：它们是砖和瓦片。 师：它们的用途是什么？ 生：它们的用途主要是造一些建筑物。 师：砖瓦的主要用途是用于各种建筑方面，如砌房子，它们是主要的建筑材料之一。那你可以怎样描述它呢？ 生1：砖都是四四方方的。 生2：手捏有点硬，表面比较粗糙。 生3：砖的颜色有红的、灰的，有点重 教师：我们可以这样描述砖瓦：砖都是四四方方的，它的表面比较粗糙，有颗粒，颜色不均匀，比较坚硬，有点重，砖的颜色不一样。（写在书上） 师：（教师播放陶器、瓷器的图片。）你们在播放的图片中看到了什么？知道它们的用途吗？ 生：它们是陶器和瓷器。 师：它们的用途是什么？ 生1：用来当装饰品，像花瓶。
生2：用来装东西，像吃饭用的碗。 师：陶器、瓷器的用途主要是日常生活中用来装饰和盛放东西。那你可以怎样描述它呢？从外观上看起来，你觉得怎么样？用词语来描述它。 生1：有各种各样的形状，圆形的比较多。 生2：看起来很漂亮，但瓷器表面比较光滑，陶器表面不太光滑。 生3：比较坚硬，手拿有点重。 教师：我们可以这样描述陶器和瓷器：有各种不同的形状，看起来很漂亮，瓷器表面比较光滑，陶器表面不太光滑，很坚硬，手拿有点重。（写在书上） 二、研究砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的性质 1.检验砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的性质 师：我们知道，不同的材料有不同的特性，那砖瓦和陶器，瓷器又有些怎么样的特性呢？让我们展开对砖瓦和陶器，瓷器的探索之旅吧。 师：现在大家一起来看一个视频，一起来研究下砖瓦和陶器，瓷器的硬度、韧性，是否容易吸水和在水中的沉浮。（生观看视频，并完成书本60页的表格） 硬度 是否容 易吸水 在水中 的沉浮 是否容 易折弯 砖 瓦 陶器 瓷器 2.生汇报表格内容，并对表格进行分析，总结出砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的性质。 师总结：砖瓦较硬，较容易吸水，在水中会沉、柔韧性不好。陶器和瓷器很硬，不易吸水，在水中会沉、柔韧性不好。 师：那砖瓦和陶器、瓷器有什么相同点和不同点吗？谁来说说看。 生1：它们的相同点是在水中会沉，不易折弯，柔韧不好。 生2：它们的不同点是砖瓦较硬，较容易吸水，陶器和瓷器很硬，不容易吸水。（师出示课件：砖瓦和陶器、瓷器的相同点和不同点） 相同点：比较坚硬，在水中会沉，不易折弯，柔韧不好。 不同点：砖瓦较容易吸水，陶器、瓷器不容易吸水。 三、黏土的变化