虚拟语气讲义
I、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
（1）与现在事实相反
I would certainly go if I had the time. (The fact is that I have no time.)
If he were here, everything would be all right. (He is not here in fact.) （2）与过去事实相反
If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
I would have made a bad mistake if I hadn?t taken your advice.
（3）与将来事实相反
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. (I will not do it.
We wouldn?t lose courage even if we should fail again.
3.特殊结构的虚拟条件句
（1）If it were not for…If it had not been for…but for…相当于without
例如：If it were not for your help, I could never go to college.
But for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all the passengers on board.
If it had not been for the PLA men, his hometown might have been destroyed by the big flood.
（2）假设的情况通过上下文表示出来
I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the procession.
I would have called on you during my stay in Hongkong, but I didn?t know your address.
You were not on the plane, or you would have been killed.
Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.
（3）如果条件句中有动词were, had, 或should，可省略if, 把这些动词放在主语前面
Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (= If they had time, they ….)
Should I be free tomorrow, I would come to attend your meeting. (= If I should be free, I ….)
Were I in your position, I wouldn?t let him go there.
（4）错综条件句、混合条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，虚拟的主句动作与从句动作并不在同一时间发生，这种从句与主句动作发生时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句或叫混合条件句。这时从句与主句按各自发生的时间构成相应的虚拟式。
If you had followed my advice, you would not be in such trouble now.
If he had told me his telephone number yesterday, I would be able to ring him up now.
II、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
在表示建议、要求、命令等动词的宾语从句中，从句中常用(should) do 形式。
(suggest, require, demand, order, command, request, ask, insist…)例如：
I require that he come by ten.
The doctor suggested that his uncle not go on that trip to London.
The headmaster asked / demanded that all the students attend the meeting. The officer ordered that the soldiers should start out at once.
(1)在这些动词构成的主语从句中也用虚拟语气
It is suggested that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
It was ordered that no language should be taught in that school except German.
(2)在It is necessary / important / strange / a pity…that 从句中也用
虚拟语气
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. (3)由这些动词转化来的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中也用虚拟
语气。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups.
What do you think of the suggestion that we (should) put on a play at the English evening?
注1：suggest当“暗示、说明”时，不用虚拟语气。如：
The expression on his face suggested that he was happy.
注2：insist表示“强调说”时不用虚拟语气。如：
She insisted that she was right when she insisted that the patient should be sent to hospital immediately.
III. 虚拟语气在某些单词和短语中的应用
（1）It’s (high) time that…①did(were) ②should do
It?s time you went t o bed. You look so tired.
It?s high time that you thought of your future.
（2）as if / though ①did(were)现在②had done过去
They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.
It seems as if / though it were spring already.
（3）wish ①did(were)现在②had done过去③
would/could/might/should do将来
I wish I helped you every day.
I wish I would / could help you tomorrow.
I wish I had helped you yesterday.
（4）would rather ①had done过去②did(were)现在，将来
I would rather you came next weekend.
I?d rather you hadn?t d one that.
（5）if only ①had done过去②did(were)现在，将来
If only I were younger! If only I had listened to your advice at that time!
虚拟语气练习
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn?t get
B. drove; wou ldn?t get
C. were driving; wouldn?t get
D. had driven; wouldn?t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
5. ---I?ll tell Mary about her new job tomor row.
---You _____ her last week.
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D.should have told
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him.
A. on him to go; should be
B. he went; be
C. he go; was
D. he should go; is
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of
seven, with the Melinda Cox library in my hometown.
A. wouldn?t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
9. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy.
A. wouldn?t expect
B. haven?t expected
C. hadn?t expected
D. wasn?t e xpecting
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet.
A. would have taken part in
B. took part in
C. had taken part in
D. would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A. Had it not been for
B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for
D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going.
A. had been, would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent
D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work
B. Had he worked
C. Should he work
D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Were he to leave
B. If he had left
C. Did he to leave
D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have
met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. come
D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped
B. was, would have helped
C. had been, would have helped
D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not, could have climb
B. were not, could climb
C. had not been, could have climbed
D. hadn?t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
20. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier.
A. will be
B. would have been
C. could have been
D. would be
21. Mike?s father, as well as his mother, insi sted he ____home.
A. stayed
B. could stay
C. has stayed
D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again.
A. should put on
B. would put on
C. be put on
D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately.
A. had sent for
B. send
C. be sent for
D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness.
----Yes, but ____it
A. I?d rather not do
B. I?d rather not have done
C. I should? t do
D. I?d better not do
25. If only I ___my car.
A. hadn?t lost
B. w ouldn?t lose
C. didn?t lose
D. haven?t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth.
A. is
B. would be
C. were
D. wouldn?t be
27. If I _____ plan to do anything I want to, I?d like to go to Tibet and
travel through as much of it as possible.
A. would
B. could
C. had to
D. ought to
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son.
A. is
B. were
C. had been
D. should be
29. ---Don?t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not sent; what
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem.
A. hold
B. held
C. have held
D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying.
A. even if , was
B. though, would be
C. even, had been
D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you
would have enjoyed the concert.
A. had not
B. did not have had
C. hadn?t had
D.hadn?t ha ve
33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again.
A. will discuss
B. to discuss
C. should discuss
D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops.
A. help
B. to help
C. helped
D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules.
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
36. I wish I ____here then.
A. was
B. had been
C. were
D. would be
37. It is strange that he ____back so early.
A. came
B. will come
C. had come
D. should
have come
38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV.
A. did
B. do
C. shall do
D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday.
A. be put
B. put
C. should put
D. had been put
40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there.
A. had been
B. has been
C. was
D. been
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲
it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。
1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如：
1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。
2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。
当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如：3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？
it可用来指代团体。如：
4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。
it用以代替指示代词this, that.如：
5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。
6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。
2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如：
7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。
8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？
--- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。
3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如：
9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。
10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。
11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark.
天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。
it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：
12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。
13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？
14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。
it也常用于下列结构：
15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。
16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。
17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。
it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具
体意义。如：
cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气
4. 先行词it.
it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。
（1）用作形式主语
18）It is difficult to translate this article. 翻译这篇文章很难。
19）It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。
20）What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？
21）It is no use going there so early. 这么早去那里没有用。
22）It has been a great honour your coming to visit me. 你的来访是我很大的荣幸。
23）It is strange that he did not come at all. 真奇怪，他竟还没来。
24）It doesn't matter what you do.什么都没关系。
在上述诸例中，后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置，而出现于句首。
To translate this article is difficult.
Going there so early is no use.
That he did not come at all is strange.
上述结构远不如用先行it结构普通。此外，也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。如：
25）It seems that John is not coming after all. 似乎约翰终竟不来。
26）It happened that John was the only witness. 碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。
上述两例只能转换为：
John doesn't seem to be coming after all.
John happened to be the only witness.
（2）用作形式宾语
27）I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. 我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。
28）He thought it no use going over the subject again. 他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。
29）They kept it quiet that he was dead. 他们对他的死保密。
30）We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop
pollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
5. 分裂句引导词it.
分裂句是以it为引导词的强调句型。它的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。如：
31）It was Jane that/who called this morning. 是珍妮今天上午打来电话。
32）It was a parcel that she brought him. 她带给他的是一个包裹。
分裂句是由普通陈述句转换而来的。通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分。如：
33）John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节给了玛丽一个提包。
根据上下文和语义意图，说话人可以通过分裂句分别强调主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语，使之成为信息中心。
34）It was John that/who gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 是约翰在圣诞节给了玛丽一个提包。
35）It was Mary that John gave a handbag （to）at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节是给玛丽提包的。
36）It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节给玛丽的是一个提包。
37）It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 是在圣诞节约翰给了玛丽一个提包。
分裂句的时态一般应一致，即主句与从句的时态应皆用现在时，或皆用过去时，或皆用将来时。如：
38）It is not I who am angry. 发怒的不是我。
39）It was my two sisters who knew her best. 是我的两个姐妹最了解她。
40）It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this. 对此须受责难的将不是你。
有时分裂句的谓语动词还可以采取复杂形式。如：
41）It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 可能是在圣诞节约翰给玛丽一个提包。
42）It might have been John who gave Mary a handbag. 很可能是约翰给了玛丽一个提包。
分裂句可以强调多种多样的状语成分。如：
43）It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. 是在她即将上床睡觉时电话铃响了。
44）It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想买一本词典而进城的。
45）It was not until his father came back that Tom went to bed yesterday.
昨天汤姆是直到他父亲回来才上床睡觉的。（注意句中not的位置）
主语补语通常不可以用作分裂句的中心成分，如在规范英语中通常不说：It is beautiful that she is.
It is chairman of the Committee that he is.
但是宾语补语是可以这样用的。如：
46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他们选他是作委员会主席。
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他们把墙壁漆的是绿色。
注：（1）当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that。
（2）分裂句中的that与who在非正式文体中可以省略，如：
48）It was the President himself spoke to me.是总统亲自和我谈了话。（省去从句主语who）
49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗水的。（省去从句的宾语that）
50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。（省去从句连词that）
有时还可省去句首的it is，如：
51）A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! 彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！
（3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如：
52）Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village? 是何时他到达了这个村子？
54）Why was it that he was late for school? 他是为什么上学迟到的？
1. 分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别：比较：
55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 玛丽本应获得第一名，真令人吃惊！（先行词it）
56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是玛丽获得了第一名。（分裂句引导词it）
2. 虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别。比较：
57）It was three o'clock in the morning when his father came back.（虚义it指时间）他父亲回来时是凌晨3点。
58）It was at three o'clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引导词it）他父亲是在凌晨3点回来的。
3. 分裂句中that/who- 从句与that/who引导的定语从句之区别。比较：
59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-从句）最需要的是钱。
60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引导定语从句）这就是最需要的钱。
61）It is Mary who has broken the glass （分裂句中的who-从句）是玛丽打破了玻璃杯。
62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引导定语从句）玛丽是获得第一名的姑娘。
区别方法：如将句型It is/was…that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。如（56）例去掉It is …that
则变成：Mary has won the first place. 玛丽获得了第一名。
（58）例变成：His father came back at three o'clock in the morning. 他父亲在凌晨3点回来。
（59）例变成：Money is most needed. 钱是最需要的。
（61）例变成：Mary has broken the glass. 玛丽打破了玻璃杯。
4. “拟似”分裂句
如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用简单陈述句的谓语动词作为中心成分的。如果要强调谓语动词，就得采用另外一种强调句型，这种句型又叫做“拟似”分裂句。如：
63）I gave her a book.
What I did was （to）give her a look. 我所做的是给她一本书。
64）He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was （to）take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飞机去北京。
65）The student is going to write an article.
What the student is going to do is（to）write an article.这个学生要做的是写一篇文章。
“拟似”分裂句的主语通常是由what引导的名词性从句，从句的主动词通常是do的一定形式；这种分裂句的主语补语通常是不定式结构，可带to，也可不带to，它构成“拟似”分裂句的信息中心。
“拟似”分裂句还可采取另外一种形式，即“what-从句+be+名词词组”的形式，如：
66）What he gave her was a handbag. 他所给她的是个提包。
也可采取“名词词组+be+what-从句”的形式
67）A handbag was what he gave her. 提包就是他所给她的。
一．单项选择
1. It was at the gate ____ he told me the news.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
2.Is ____necessary to tell his father everything
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. he
3.Was it in this palace ____ the last emperor died?
A. that
B. in which
C. in where
D. which
4. Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. now
B. man
C. that
D. it
5.Was it during the Second World War ____he died?
A. that
B. while
C. in which
D. then
6. Is ____necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
7.I don't think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
8.Does ____matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
9.It was not ____she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that
B. until; that
C. until; when
D. when; then
10. Tom…s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn?t help.
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
11.____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
12. Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A．now B．man C．that D．it
13．Our food and service are better than ________ used to be.
A．it B．we C．they D．them
14．________ appears to me ________ the report must be truth.
A．That; it B．It; that C．It; it D．That; that
15．He feels ________ duty to help others.
A．that he B．that his C．it he D．it his
16．Take ________ easy. The roads are icy.
A．it B．them C．us D．you
17．The TV sets made in China are much better than ________ in Japan.
A．that B．those C．them D．It
18．—— Have you found the bike you lost yesterday?
——Yes, I've found ________ already.
A．it B．that C．the one D．that one
19.——I'm looking for a flat.
——Would you like ____ with ____ garden?
A．it; the B．it; a C．one; a D．one; the
20．________ was ________ who I met in the museum this morning.
A．It; him B．It; he C．That; he D. That; him
21．It was in the rice fields ________ we had our League meeting.
A．where B．that C．in which D．on which
22．________ you come to the party so late?
A．Why is it B．Why it is C．Why it is that D．Why is it that 23．—— Were all three people in the car injured in the accident
—— No, ___ only the two passengers ___ got hurt．
A．they were; that B．there was; that C．it was; who D．there are; who 24．I don' t think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work . A．this B．that C．its D．it
25．It was not ________ she took off her glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star．
A. when; that
B. until; that
C. until; when
D. when; then
26.It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A．while B．which C．that D．since
27．________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A．There B．This C．That D．It
28．It was about 600 years ago ________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A．that B．until C．before D．when
29．It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A．until B．that C．then D．So
30．I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A．it B．that C．these D．them
31．—— Why don't we take a little break? ——Didn't we just have ________ ?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
32.Was it during the Second World War ____ he died？(MET88)
A．that B．While C．in which D．Then
33.Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship？(MET88)
A．now B．that C．it D．Man
34.I don't think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．(MET90) A．This B．that C．its D．It
35.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．(NMET95) A．There B．This C．That D．It
36. It was about 600 years ago ___ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made.(NMET97) A．that B．until C．before D．when
37.____computers play such an important part in our daily life?
A．Why it is that B．Why is it that C．Why was it that D．Why is it
38. Was it during the Second World War _____he died?
A. that
B. while
C. in which
D. then
39. Is ____ necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?
A. everyone
B. this
C. her
D. it
40. Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. now
B. that
C. it
D. man
41. I don?t think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
42. She heard of a terrible noise, ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
43. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. he
44. Does ____ matter if he can?t finish the job on time?
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
45.Tom?s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn?t help.
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
46. The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
47.____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
48. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _____.
A. it
B. those
C. them
D. one
49. It was about 600 years ago ___the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that
B. until
C. before
D. when
50. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
51. It was only when I reread his poems recently____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so
52. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
53. It ____ you that ____ to blame.
A. is; is
B. is; are
C. are; are
D. are; is
54. Was_____that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that you
55.____ electricity plays such an important part in our life?
A. Why is it that
B. Why is it
C. Why it is that
D. Why is that
56. It was ____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; what
B. that; that
C. what; that
D. that; what
57. It was in the lab ___ was taken charge of by Professor Harris ___ they did the experiment.
A. which; that
B. that; what
C. whom; that
D. which; where
58.Many people now make a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A. themselves
B. it
C. that
D. this
59.Someone is at the door, who is ?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
60.—It is raining cats and dogs.
—.
A. So it is
B. So is it
C. Neither it is
D. Neither is it
二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。
1. ①_____ is well know to us all that the earth is round.
②____ is well known to us all, the earth is round.
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. Which
2. ①_____doesn?t matter much whether he?ll come to the party.
②I feel ____ an honor to be invited to speak here.
A. this
B. it
C. that
D. what
3. ①___ no wonder that he has passed the exam.
②___ no need for you to wait here.
A. There being
B. It was
C. It is
D. There is
4. ①Was it the house ____ Abraham Lincoln was born?
②Was it in the house ____ Abraham Lincoln was born?
A. hat
B. where
C. which
D. both A and B
5. ①It?s very kind ____ you to help us.
②It?s very important _____ you to keep the balance of nature.
A. for
B. of
C. to
D. with .
6. ①It is no good ____ such a thing.
②It?s of no importance _____ such a thing.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. done
7. ①It's time that we ____ to school.
②It is the second time that we _____ to Beijing.
A. go
B. went
C. have been
D. have gone
8. ①It's tomorrow ____ he is going to Beijing.
②It was 8 o'clock _____ he went to school.
A. that
B. when
C. before
D. since
9. ①It is 3 years ____ he joined the army.
②It will be 3 years ____ we meet again.
A. before
B. after
C. since
D. when
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或 者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用 will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如 Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
高三英语语法复习课---虚拟语气说课稿与教案 高三英语陈素虹 教学设计理念: 英语教学是一种动态教学，教学过程是交际活动过程。只有从组织教学活动入手，大量地进行语言实践，使英语课堂交际化，才能有效地培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力。新课标提出：“外国语是学习文化科学知识，获取世界各方面信息和进行国际交往的重要工具。”和“发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，……”。Ellis(2002, Studies in the Second language Acquisition)指出，教师应为学生提供足够的可理解性输入，指导学生观察和留意语篇中包含的目标语法特征，并作归纳、总结，然后练习使用。本人结合区级研究课题“高中英语任务型课堂教学课题”的实施和本班学生的实际，对高三语法复习课---虚拟语气进行了操作性较强的处理。 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三英语语法---虚拟语气的复习，我在教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二两年英语学习的基础上，高三学生已经掌握了基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度，为高考和大学的进一步学习研究打下坚实的基础。但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，好胜心强，渴望在班集体里得到他人的承认，很在乎别人对他们的评价，求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师，愿意开口讲。他们有着高中生独立、爱表现自我的特点。因此，只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.把握本课复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点:
高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见 句型 虚拟语气的用法归纳虚拟语气的三种时态 高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见句型。高中家教班老师整理出知识点，虚拟语气：什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、
order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟高中家教班老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)
主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
高中英语虚拟语气语法总结 （名师剖析必考语法知识点，值得下载背诵） 虚拟语气 1）概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或 与事实相反。 2）在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。[来源学科网]时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题[来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/337810859.html,] The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterd ay, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.[来源学科网ZXXK]含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c.表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不 同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 虚拟条件句的倒装[来源:Z+xx+https://www.doczj.com/doc/337810859.html,] 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should
虚拟语气 有些条件句是可能实现的，称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿.请求，设想，等未能或不可能实现的事实，或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型，即由if引导的虚拟条件句，省略if的倒装形式，可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的句型，以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without， but for等介词引导的短语或句子. 主要用法 1). 主语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法. 2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法，尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法. 3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法，应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点. 4). would rather（=wish）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 5). if only（如果。。。就好了）结构中虚拟语气的用法. 6). But， or， otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法. 7). It’s time (that)（早该。。。。）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用 (1) 虚拟语气现在时，用以表示与现在/将来事实相反的假设或现在实
现可能性不大的情况. Eg. If I were a bird， I would fly to you. If it is not for their help， we shall be in a very difficult position. If it were not for their help， we should be in a very difficult position. If I had seen the film, I would….. (2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设. Eg. If we had started earlier， we should not have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill， she might have come. If she were not ill， she might come.
高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全 总结 -标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
【The Subjunctive Mood】 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或及事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句及非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 及现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might, could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 及过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
高中虚拟语气精讲 英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种 愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 ●虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 假如我有足够的钱, 我就去环游世界. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 假如我是你, 我就不会说那样的话. If I were you, I would not say that. 假如我听了你的建议, 我就不会犯错误了. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 假如明天下雪的话, 我就不去野营了. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go camping. ●有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个 主句或者一个条件从句。 ●假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致， 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间 而定。(“各归各”的原则） If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t fail the exam now. ●假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动 词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do? 没有阳光，人们的生活将于今天的截然不同。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不能完成那项工作。 But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. With favorable winds, we might have arrived there in two days. ●with, or, otherwise, but, however 引导的从句如与事实不符，用虚拟 My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。（虚拟） Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here. （非虚拟） I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.