Additional reading
The Survival of the Fittest
Paragraph A:
Q: What did the Bible say about the origin of life?
1.the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survival (n.) 幸存
survive (vt./vi)
survive a disaster/ the air crash/ the earthquake 在……中幸免于难
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。
survivor (n.) 幸存者
2.wonder (v.) 想知道
I wonder whether they will arrive on time.
wonder (n.) 奇迹
It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.
创造奇迹work/do wonders
3.on earth (用于疑问词后加强语气)究竟，到底；世界上，人世间（常用于最高级和疑问
句后加强语气）
Who on earth told you that?
What on earth do you mean?
Where on earth have you been all these years?
How on earth did you manage to finish the work in such a short time?
She felt she was the happiest woman on earth.
4.state (vt.) 陈述，说明
The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith.
statement (n.)陈述，说明
Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language.
state (n.) 状况，状态
The vice president is in a state of poor health.
5.create (vt. )
Some people believe that God created the world.
creature (n.)
Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.
人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。
creation (n.)
the creation of a new department
新部门的创建
6.exist (v.) 存在
The idea only exists in the minds of poets.
existence (n.) 存在
Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?
The company came into existence 20 years ago. (开始存在，建立）
Paragraph B:
Q: What did Darwin love to do when he was working on a ship as a naturalist?
7.offer (v.) 提供
这家公司给他提供了高薪。
The company offers him a high salary. = The company offers a high salary to him.
He offered to lend me some books.
8.be seasick 晕船
be homesick 想家
9.ashore (adv.) 向岸边，靠岸边
Most of the other passengers had gone ashore.
The ship was driven ashore by the bad weather.
10.sample (v.) 样品
Our firm gives away free samples of cloth.
我们公司免费赠送布料样品。
11.observe (v.)
1) 看到,注意到
He observed a stranger hanging around the store. 他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。
2) 观察,观测;监视
They carefully observed the behavior of deer. 他们仔细观察了鹿的生活习性。
3) 遵守,奉行
This law must be strictly observed.
这项法律必须严格遵守。
4) 庆祝(节日等)
Some people observe Christmas here.
Paragraph C:
Q: What explained why many kinds of creature are no longer alive?
12.vary (vi.) 改变，变化
Eating habits vary from person to person.
The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain district. 在某些山区天气时刻变化。various (adj. ) 各种各样的
variety (n.) 变化；种类 a variety of books
13.Only in this way can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
Only some of us can speak English.
Conclusion: Only +状语位于句首，句子进行部分倒装
Only +主语位于句首，为正常句序
14.process (n.) 过程
Changing the education system will be a difficult process.
process (vt.) 加工
Supermarkets sell many vegetables that have been processed.
15.evolution (n.) (生物的) 进化, 演化; 进化论[U]
In the course of evolution, some birds have lost the power of flight. 在演化过程中一些鸟失去了飞行的能力。
16.remain (v.) 剩余，留下，保持
I remain in London until July.
He remained poor all his life.
The problem remained to be discussed.
Paragraph D:
Q: Why didn’t Darwin publish his writings about evolution at first?
17.by: 到…为止
By 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage.
他预测到2020年能找出治愈该病的方法。
He predicted that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2020.
18.prove
1)证明，证实
The lawyer proved the innocent of his client.律师证实了他的当事人的清白。
2）证明是；原来是
The rumor proved true.
这谣传结果是真的。
He proved a competent manager.
他证明是一个能干的经理。
My advice proved to be wrong.
我的意见证明是错的。
Paragraph E:
Q: Why did his book The Origin of Species cause a big argument in the world?
19.He denied that he was involved in the accident
There is no denying that +主+谓不可否认
There is no denying that he stole the watch from the shop.
20.upset - upset - upset v.
1）打乱
Rain upset our plans for a picnic.
下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。
2）使心烦意乱
Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely.
3）adj. 心烦的
I am always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。
21.prohibit (vt.) 禁止；妨碍
Smoking is prohibited in the office building.
Illness prohibited him from attending the meeting yesterday. 他病了，这使他不能参加昨天的会议。
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组 上海新世纪英语高二全部（包括Additinal Reading）及重点词组 高二第二学期 17 rds and their stries 18 English prverbs 19 Tips n aing a publi speeh 20 eep it shrt fr the audiene’s sae 21 aing friends 22 hat des friendship ean t esterners? 23 Ad 24 Ran, his friends, and his inredible trh run 2 The father f dern phsis 26 The survival f the fittest 27 irale in the rie field 28 Netn’s three iprtant las 29 liver ants re (Adapted fr liver Tist harles Diens) 30 En the lassis 31 Is she guilt? (Adapted fr The Prine and the Pauper ar Tain) 32 ar Tain 高二第二学期 17 rds and their stries EAGER BEA VER An eager beaver is a persn h is alas illing t d and is
exited abut ding hat is expeted f hi Suppse, fr exaple, that a teaher tells his students the eah ust slve ne hundred ath prbles befre ing t shl the next da The hildren plain abut s uh her But ne student des nt prtest at all That student is an eager beaver He lves t d ath prbles, and des nt ind all the her The expressin is said t have e fr the nae f a hard-ring anial---the beaver Beavers are strange-ling reatures The spend a lt f tie in the ater, building das t reate little laes r pnds The use their huge teeth and r hard t ut dn trees, reve branhes and put the arss streas The use their tails t pa ud n the branhes t ae the das slid Fe ther anials r s hard Histrians sa the beaver had an iprtant part in the settleent f Nrth Aeria There ere hundreds f illins f beavers hen Eurpean settlers first arrived The settlers put great value n the fur f beavers In fat, fr t hundred ears r re, beavers prvided the st valuable fur in Nrth Aeria Beaver sins ften used as ne ung en ling fr adventure headed est arss the untr t searh fr beavers In their searh, the explred uh f the estern territries The trading psts, here the exhanged beaver sins fr the gds the needed, beae villages, and later tns and ities IT’S IN THE BAG The bag---ne f the siplest and st useful things in ever an r an’s life---has given the rld an strange expressins that are nt ver siple A nuber f these expressins are idel used in the United States tda Se ere
伴你成长高二新世纪（上） Module Two Unit 4 教材精讲： 1掌握-ing分词完成式和被动式的用法； 2掌握本课出现的重要词汇。 scale, gymnastics, demonstrate, peak, witness, touch, achieve, giant 3. 掌握本课出现的重要短语。 in terms of, every four years, will power, come out number one, one. . . after another, at the turn off, come true 4.掌握本课出现的重要句型。 It is not until. . .that 5.能力要求。 按空间顺序来组织段落。 语言点详讲： 1.-ing分词的完成式的用法 -ing分词的完成式用作状语，强调一个动作在另一个动作开始前已经完成，或强调第一个动作持续一段时间后发生第二个动作，也强调两个动作之间有一段间隔。 例: Having originally created the environment we live in, plants may be called on once more to save it. ? -ing分词的完成式用作宾语时，强调它表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，但有时，也可用分词的 一般式代替完成式 例：Jack admitted having broken the window in the class room. =Jack admitted breaking the window in the classroom. 2.-ing分词的被动式的用法 -ing分词的被动式可用作主语或宾语．它的逻辑主语是它所表示动作的承受者。 例：I am not used to being treated like that. -ing分词的被动式还可用作定浯、时间状语或原因状语，含有被动、完成两层意思。 例：It is said that the book being written by the famous film star will be published next month. Being examined by the doctor，I felt nervous. 3．scale的用法 n. the relative size，extent，etc；a system of grading people or things规模．等级 例：The business had to be reduced in scale. 【拓展】 相关词组 on a big/large/small scale大／小规模地 out of scale 不合比例 4．demonstrate的用法 v to show clearly by giving evidence；to exhibit 表达，显示，示威 例：How did he demonstrate the truth of his theory? (跟宾语) Can you demonstrate that the earth moves around the sun?(跟宾语从句) 【拓展】
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组上海新世纪英语高二全部课文（包括additional reading）及重点词组 高二第二学期 17. words and their stories 18. english proverbs 19. tips on making a public speech 20. keep it short for the audience’s sake 21. making friends 22. what does friendship mean to westerners? 23. adjo 24. ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch run 25. the father of modern physics 26. the survival of the fittest 27. miracle in the rice field 28. newton’s three important laws 29. oliver wants more (adapted from oliver twist charles dickens)
30. enjoy the classics 31. is she guilty? (adapted from the prince and the pauper mark twain) 32. mark twain 高二第二学期 17. words and their stories eager beaver an eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him. suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. the children complain about so much homework. but one student does not protest at all. that student is an eager beaver. he loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework. the expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver. beavers are strange-looking creatures. they spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. they use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. they use their tails to pack mud on the branches to make
Unit One Translation: 1. The parade _______________________________ 阅兵式由一万两千名士兵组成。 The parade is made up of 10 thousand soldiers. 2. 每天玩手机真是浪费时间。 It is a waste of time playing mobile phones. 3.蔬菜价格会随着季节更替从10-15元不等。 The price of the vegetables varies from 10 to 15 yuan according to the season. 4.每年在世界各地举行多次国际足球比赛。（take place） Many international soccer competitions take place all over the world every year. 5. 这首迷人的名歌深受学生的喜爱，尤其是女学生。（popular） The charming folk is very popular with students, especially girl students. 6. 他房间里摆满了各种参考书籍的书架。（fill） His room is filled with shelves with a wide variety of reference books. 7. 自中国人在美国定居以来，唐人街开了很多中餐馆。（settle） Since Chinese settled in the States, many Chinese restaurants are run in China town. 8. 即使健康食物越来越受欢迎，仍有人匆匆应付午餐。（even if） Even if health are becoming popular, some people rush through lunch. 9. 这款手机式样新颖，携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular) The mobile phone is fashionable in design and easy to carry and is popular with young people. 10. 绿色蔬菜含有丰富的维他命，包括维生素C。( contain; include ) Green vegetables contain rich vitamin, including vitamin C. 11. 约翰热衷于政治，而且迫切地希望毕业后成为一名政治家。( keen ) John is keen on politics and eagerly hopes to become a politician after his graduation. 12. 他们不想把时间浪费在做饭上，因此他们匆匆忙忙在快餐店吃了午餐.(waste; rush through) They didn’t want to waste their time cooking, so they rushed through their lunch at a snack bar. 13. 广泛阅读有助于拓宽视野，同时也会影响你面对困境时的态度。（expand） Reading widely helps expand your horizon, which will influence your attitude towards difficulties. 14. 出于种种原因，我们队将不参加这场比赛。（various） For various reasons, our team will not take part in the game. 15. 据报道，1998年中国很多地区发生了严重的水灾。(occur) It is reported that serious floods occurred in many districts in China in 1998.
上海新世纪高二英语第四单元重点归纳及课后练习 Unit4 Sports around the world Part1新题型 The Olympics are the ____ ( important) international competition in terms ___ scale, skills, and number of athletes. The games are divided ____ two parts---the Summer Games and the Winter Games. The two parts ____ (hold) in such a way that there are two years in between but four years before one is repeated. The Olympics were first celebrated in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, and were held every four years ____393 AD. Then, they were brought to an end ____ the Roman emperor. It was not until the 1890s that the world saw the modern summer games. In 1896 the first modern Summer Olympics were held in Greece ____ that was where the tradition started. After that the Olympics would move to ____ different city every four years. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were added to the schedule. The Games were to take place in a separate, colder place. The event was cancelled during World War Ⅰ and World War Ⅱ for reasons known to all. (B) Examples of modern Summer Olympic events are track and field events, ball games, diving, gymnastics, swimming. Typical Winter Olympic events are skating and skiing. The Olympic records are the world ___. An Olympic gold medal carries as much weight as, or even more than any other gold medal won at other international competitions. The skills and determination demonstrated at the Olympics have come to stand for the peak of human physical strength and will power. It was not until the late twentieth century ____ Chinese athletes began to amaze the world with their excellent performance at the Olympics. Coming out number one many times in the Olympic events, Chinese athletes ____ (bring) home one gold medal after another in swimming, diving, gymnastics, weight lifting, and ___ number of ball games. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the world witnesses Beijing being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the host city for the 2008 Olympics. This has added a brilliant touch ___ the picture of modern Chinese sport history. Though once marked ____ “the Weaklings of East Asia”, the Chinese have always been looking forward to ____ (achieve) the dream of becoming a sports giant. After continuous efforts for years the dream is gradually coming true, and it is understandable ____ the Chinese let out cries of joy the night Beijing’s bid to host the 2008 Olympics was approved! Keys: the most important; of; into; were held; until; by; because; a Ones; that; have brought; a; to; as; achieving; why Part2 Module 4 Sports around the world Module 4 教材精讲： 1.掌握-ing分词完成式和被动式的用法； 2.掌握本课出现的重要词汇。 scale, gymnastics, demonstrate, peak, witness, touch, achieve, giant 3. 掌握本课出现的重要短语。 in terms of, every four years, will power, come out number one, one. . . after another, at the turn of, come true
Making friends Jamie was like a magnet---she always had a crowd around her. She wasn’t especially pretty, and she wasn’t particularly good at sports. But she was one of the most popular students at school. Everyone loved her! Why? What was it about Jamie that made everyone notice her? If her looks and her talents weren’t anything to show off, what did she have going for her? Here it is---short and simple---Jamie had learned the secret of how to make friends and keep them. Her secret is: Be nice to others! Jamie was kind and genuinely cared about others: people responded by wanting to be around her. Going along with this big secret of making friends are a few additional suggestions: SMILING SUGGESTS CONFIDENCE There is something fascinating about someone who smiles a lot. We are automatically drawn to someone who is happy. Wearing a smile usually implies the person behind it is approachable. An approachable person makes others feel at ease and comfortable. Smiles also convey confidence, which is really important when making friends. You don’t have to actually feel confident to smile, but when you do, people will think you are. Furthermore, the more you smile, the more natural your smile will be. You’ll gain confidence from smiling! LEARN TO LISTEN AND TALK Everyone wants to talk. We all have a story to tell. Each of us enjoys having someone listen to what we say. It makes us feel important when someone is truly interested in what we’re saying. When other people find out you are willing to listen, they will be talking to you! When someone is talking to you, zero in 100 per cent on that person. Don’t pretend to listen but really think about something else. That won’t work in making friends. Meanwhile, don’t put the burden of the entire conversation on someone else. You’ve got to do your part, too. It is learning when to talk that is important. Try not to talk just to hear yourself talking; no one else can get a word in. Everyone should learn to give and take in any relationship. Learn to move from being the centre of attention to focusing on the needs of others. Modesty is extremely attractive. TRY TO ADD VALUE TO THOSE AROUND YOU People light up when you recognize something they do well and let them know. It only takes a minute to give someone a compliment or to notice what gifts a person has. It automatically adds value to how they see themselves. Try to be the kind of person who’s always seeing the positive qualities in others. Don’t tear someone down.
高二下翻译练习 1.他抗议，他从来没有去过犯罪现场的附近。(protest) 2.你真的考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了吗？(explore) 3.这个店员以最快的速度问她把衣服包好。(wrap) 4.假设你父亲现在看到了你，你该怎么说？(suppose) 5.小孩不乖时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。(ignore) 6.开始时，政府很难说服人们离开里约热内卢(Rio)去巴西利亚(Brasilia)落户。(have difficulty in doing) 7.他们没在窗子附近打排球，怕把窗子打破了。(afraid) 8.一些表达方式是很久以前从英国引进来的。(import) 9.当时想去探险的年轻人向西横跨大陆搜寻海狸。(search) 10.站姿、手势、目光接触以及精确的计时对于演讲很重要。(play a part) 11.一般来说，一次成功的演讲需要言语和非言语交流的接触。(involve) 12.在规定的时间里，你要确保演讲不提前或拖后结束。(ensure) 13.已经将公众的注意力集中在城市的建设上。(focus on) 14.大多数医生认为抽烟对健康极其有害。(extremely) 15.几乎所有的发展中国家都支持上海申办2010年世博会。(go for) 16.是那些来自法国的游客把注意力百分百集中在老式的建筑上。(zero in on) 17.山中的休养处(a retreat)冬天只能靠直升机才可接近。(approachable) 18.无论你怎么解释，我们还是感到你的朋友当时在嘲笑我们。(aware) 19.她在房中不吃不喝，好几天都默想着这件事。(brood) 20.这位飞行员设法绕气球飞了一阵。(manage) 21.这孩子的判断力随着她年龄的增长而变得成熟。(mature) 22.她沿路扫视着，看他是否来了。(glance) 23.你不一定非得感到自信才微笑，但当你这样做时，人们会认为你很自信。(confident) 24.一旦她开始说话，别人就别想插话。(get a word in edgewise) 25.他妻子死后，他非常沮丧，开始借酒消愁。(take to) 26.直到二十世纪初，人类才开始探索太空。(It was not until …that) 27.主席指出他的国家希望与所有的邻国建立良好的关系。(point out) 28.这个女孩被橱窗里的玩具深深地吸引住了。(fascinate) 29.他把自己的一生都献给了教育事业。(contribute) 30.处在压力之下有的人往往会发挥出自己全部的潜能。(tend to) 31.他把毕生精力花在研制治癌症新药上。(devote) 32.据说新地铁在几天内就能完成。(It’s said that…) 33.只有不断学习，我们才能跟上现代化科学的发展。(Only) 34.中国必定能以其有限的可耕种土地来养活其庞大的人口。(feed) 35.是这场的后果使人们充分认识到植树的重要性。(It was …that) 36.她再一次仔细地看了一遍作文，以消除所有的拼写错误。(eliminate) 37.许多大学生都把自己未来的职业定位在金融界。(career) 38.他积极参加了和平运动，获得了诺贝尔文学奖。(award) 39.不要对孩子要求过于严厉，也不要宠坏他们。(severe) 40.在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。(desperate) 41.一份报告说男性占中国人口的52%。(account for) 42.我从未碰到过像他那样无理的人。(nowhere)
Unit 1 在中国旅行 在中国旅行可能很累，但也很有趣。然而，选择什么样的旅行方式却常常意味着行程 的成功与否。这里有一些关于如何在中国旅游的信息。 乘火车 乘火车可以去中国的大部分地方。一般来说，铁路服务效率高。但有时候火车上过分 拥挤，尤其是在节假日期间更是如此。买什么样的火车票取决于行程的远近。短途旅行， 硬座、软座都可以；但要长途旅行的话，最好买一张卧铺票。 乘船 有许多海上航线可以把您从中国沿海的一个港口城市带往另一个城市。也有一些内河 航线，其中最迷人的一条是重庆至上海的航线。轮船沿途经由著名的三峡风景区，游客们 可以驻足于许多的风景名城和历史古迹。 乘飞机 对于那些旅行时间有限的旅客而言，飞机通常是他们的首选。当然，您也要为这一便 利付出代价——那就是机票会更贵。中国民航以前曾是中国唯一的一家航空公司，现在则 有若干地方航空公司。在过去的几十年里，飞机的安全记录也有了很大的提高。人们通过 中国国际旅行社、宾馆的旅游服务台或者航空售票处都可以买到机票。许多大城市和有名 的旅游胜地都有飞机场。 乘公共汽车 中国的高速公路发展得很快。现在市内和城市之间都有汽车运营线路。它们的管理很 完善，价钱也很便宜。国营公共汽车按时刻表准点发车，票价便宜。另外还有私营公共汽车。它们主要在地方线路上运营，经常要等位子全部坐满之后才出发。 骑自行车 除了以上提到的旅游方式外，骑自行车也是环城游的最好方式之一，只要您不是去重 庆（那里的街道很陡，是中国唯一自行车特别少的城市）。如果您打算在中国待上一段时间，不妨学学本地人，自己买一辆自行车。 希望这些信息对您在中国逗留期间会有所帮助。 Unit 2 悉尼海港大桥 从悉尼海港大桥顶部鸟瞰悉尼市，感觉奇妙无比。 我站在悉尼海港大桥底下，仰望这座世界上最著名的大桥之一。这座高达40层的海港大桥矗立在壮观的悉尼歌剧院附近，鸟瞰澳大利亚最大的城市。这座大桥看上去自是壮观，但谁会心想去攀爬它呢？ 当然是我了！攀爬大桥实际是并不是很疯狂的事。游客于1998年开始攀爬大桥，现在这已经成为悉尼最受欢迎的一个景点了。为了攀爬大桥，我们一行12人必须先上一堂特殊的课。首先我们把所有的个人财物都存放好，再换好专用攀爬服，接着组织者向我们演示 如何使用安全带和如何攀爬陡峭的阶梯。 我们甚至还带着小的个人无线电接收设备，以便在攀爬时接收到导游的提示。 我们心中的期望越来越高，整个攀爬小组都激动了起来。一小时以后，我们准备完毕。 我们首先经过路桥下面的狭窄通道。值得庆幸的是我不恐高。从通道上往下望，可以 看到下面50米（164英尺）处的地面。 接下来，我们沿着一直通往桥拱的阶梯往上爬。汽车在下面的马路上飞驰而过。我们
伴你成长高二新世纪（上） Module One Unit 2 教材精讲： 1．掌握-ing分词作定语的用法。 2．掌握本课的重要词汇: ． global，consume，population，promote，absorption，loose，digestion，follow，practise，available 3．熟记本课出现的常见词组。 tend to，interfere with，at a loss，set up，in favor of，originate in，establish as，describe as，claim to do，deprive sb．of，be aware of 4．掌握一些常用的重要句型。 Though still practised today．the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be． 语言点详解 1．global的用法 adj. of or concerning the whole earth 全球的 例：global war世界战争 global travel 环球旅行 【拓展】 词性转换 adv．globally全球性地 n．globe球，球状物，地球仪 2．consume的用法 v．to eat or drink，to use up吃，喝，消耗 例：The project consumed most of my time and energy． 这项计划耗尽了我大部分的时间和精力。 【拓展】 词性转换 n．consumption消耗，使用，消耗量 n．consumer消费者，用户 相关词组 a time—consuming job一项费时的工作 a consumer advice and protection center消费者咨询和保护中心 protect the rights of consumers保护消费者的权益 3．establish的用法 v．to set up，to found建立 例：He established a new business．他开始了新的事业。 The company where his father works was established in 1970． The book established him in the field of literature． 【拓展】 相关词组 establish oneself as确立自己的地位，使立足，使被接受 establish one’s reputation／fame as确立作为……的声望或名誉 词性转换
上海外语教育出版社——新世纪英语高二全部课文 （包括Additional Reading）及重点词组 高二第二学期 17. Words and their stories EAGER BEAVER An eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him. Suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. The children complain about so much homework. But one student does not protest at all. That student is an eager beaver. He loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework. The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver. Beavers are strange-looking creatures. They spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. They use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. They use their tails to pack mud on the branches to make the dams solid. Few other animals work so hard. Historians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of North America. There were hundreds of millions of beavers when European settlers first arrived. The settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. In fact, for two
上海外语教育出版社——新世纪英语高一课文 高一第一学期 1. People from all walks of life When a person grows up, he will take up different occupations in various work places. A society is thus made up of all walks of life. What kind of person do you want to be in the future? The following introductions may give you some idea. TEACHER Teachers are professionals. They work in schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions. They try their best to help students gain new knowledge and become useful people in society. Teachers are involved in many tasks, such as explaining lessons, giving homework and correcting papers. At the end of every term, they mark test papers and give grades to their students. Actually teachers do more. Often their impact on students stays all through their lives. SURGEON Surgeons, like teachers, are also professionals. As a special group of doctors, surgeons operate on sick people and repair the organs that no longer work properly. Hospitals are their work places. After an operation, a surgeon takes care of the patient’s medical treatment until he gets well. The skills of a surgeon sometimes mean the differences between life and death. SECRETARY A secretary works in an office. The job of a secretary often involves writing letters, answering telephone calls, and receiving people. A secretary stores information on a computer and puts papers in good order in file cabinets. As a link between the boss and the visitors, a secretary also helps the boss work out plans and timetables. Traditionally, more girls than boys work as secretaries. FASHION MODEL Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes and show them to us through television, newspapers and magazines. Fashion show programmes usually have a large audience. The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may seem strange to the elderly, but a large number of young people enjoy following trends and want to be dressed like the models. They collect fashion pictures and admire those superstars of the catwalk. Would you like to be one of the people introduced here? What do you want to do in the future? 2. What to choose? Today more and more high school graduates go on to college. Most young people decide their courses of study for themselves. They do not wait for their parents to tell them what career to choose. For example, Jack’s father practices medicine. Even though he wants his son also to become a doctor, he doesn’t insist that Jack study medicine when he finishes high school. He believes that Jack must make up his own mind about his courses of study. His wife, on the other hand, disagrees with him. She thinks that Jack should become a doctor, and so he can become a partner with his father. Jack isn’t sure what he wants to study in college. One day he feels that he’d like to become an engineer. However, the next day he thinks that perhaps he should study business management. Right now he is studying chemistry, biology, and physics. All of them will be useful if he finally chooses to study medicine in college.