2011年1月全国MBA联考英语真题详解-含音标适合英语O基础菜鸟

2011-1PART I 听力Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions well be read only once. Choose the bestanswer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter witha single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answersheet.1. A. he was beaten by a fellow workerB. he was laughed at by a fellow workerC. he was fired from his workD. he was replaced by his co-worker2. A. he did it like everyone elseB. he was not speeding basicallyC. he would like to pay the fineD. the policeman was unfair to him3. A. talk about their fishing experiencesB. drive the woman’s dad to the station togetherC. put off their fishing plan for the next weekendD. go fishing after the woman sees her dad off4. A. she thought the man’s project had been finishedB. she didn’t know the man’s project was urgentC. she thinks the man shouldn’t be so stressedD. she thinks the man has exaggerated about his project5. A. he knows psychology very wellB. psychology is beyond his comprehensionC. psychology is his majorD. he has forgotten the theory of psychology6. A. it’s a pleasant surpriseB. it’s really unexpectedC. it’s very sadD. it’s a pity7. A. he was disappointed with the serviceB. he was satisfied with the serviceC. he finally got what he wantedD. he would like to try it again8. A. he didn’t finish his finals weekB. he failed most of his examinationsC. he couldn’t remember what he had prepared in the examsD. he couldn’t concentrate during the exams9. A. not enjoyableB. just so soC. it’s his favoriteD. he likes itSection B(1 point each)Directions: in this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions well be read only once. Aftereach question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letterwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answersheet.Mini-talk one10. A. to start up her own businessB. to gain experienceC. to save for her tuitionD. to help her family11. A. because he could have more spare creditsB. because the 15-credit-plan was more cost-efficientC. because he had to make up 15 creditsD. because the 15-credit-plan was easier12. A. to become an internB. to challenge traditionsC. to start up her own businessD. to get a full time jobMini-talk two13. A. The United States has declared its independenceB. Lady Liberty is a gift from the people of FranceC. American people have shaken off the oppressionD. The United States has broken off its relations with UK14. A. Lady LibertyB. Liberty LadyC. The Statue of LibertyD. Liberty Enlightening the World15. A. By busB. By boatC. By carD. By subwaySection C (1 point each)听力填空16. Mental health experts also include other disorders like ______ (4words) that affect millions of people.17. Mental health problems are most severe in poor countries that ______ (3words) to deal with them.18. About half of all mental health problems first appear before ______ (4words).19. According to WHO, how many people suffered form depression in 2009? (4words).20. The disability caused by mental disorders can have a big impact on ______ (3words).PART II 词汇选择(10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. It was fascinating to watch my husband as he literally became president before my eyes.A. liberallyB. wiselyC. actuallyD. theoretically22. The rights that the citizens of those countries enjoy can all be incorporated in the laws of those individual countries.A. embodiedB. excludedC. immersedD. interpreted23. These are the men and women who run the house and tend to the special needs of its residents.A. take toB. amount toC. attend toD. object to24. These women hoped that cease-fire would continue and that the violence would end once and for all.A. quicklyB. conclusivelyC. universallyD. temporarily25. There is some excitement on the horizon, but I can’t tell you about it.A. in the distanceB.soon to happenC. without a questionD.at first sight26. Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boomand encouraging consumption.A. contaminatingB. ectinguishingC. stimulatingD.transporting27. War involves inflicting the greatest amount of damage in the briefest space of time.A. imposingB. avoidingC. compensatingD.fabricating28. Inflation can destroy the fabric of society by adversely affecting fixed income groups.A. stabilityB. perplexityC. evolutionD.structure29. The participants of the meeting were astonished by the discrepancy between the may or’s words and his actions.A. differenceB. correlationC.conformityD.separation30.The English writing of college students in China is generally redundant for lack of specific words.A. ambiguousB. wordyC. unconvincingD.stereotyped Section B (0.5 point each)31. Without mutual trust, willingness to engage _____ in the learning process is hindred.A. deliberatelyB. collaborativelyC. destructivelyD. individually32.Humans have to settle the problems with food, clothes and _____ before they can survive.A. cabinB. mansionC. shedD. shelter33.How did it _____ that in English the correlation between spelling and pronuciation is not very close?A. come aboute one toD. come by34. While the test-oriented approach to teaching is _____ desirable, it is widely used in China.A. other thanB. not onlyC. nothing butD. far from35. In january 1995, George W. Bush was _____ as the new governor of Texas.A. turned inB. taken inC. sworn inD. put it36. The latest data showed that global ozone _____ had dropped several percent over the last decade.A. penetrationsB. concentrationsC. dimensionsD. extensions37. Scientists have been trying to _____ what factors can cause aging.A. find outB. turn outC. set outD. carry out38. Ten years _____ her career as a lawyer, she decided to start her own firm in Chicago.A.withinB. duringC. intoD. amid39. The tower of the World Trade Center _____ after it was hit by the plane.A. dissipatedB. paddledC. hedgedD. collapsed40. I could speak their language and _____ with their problems because I have been there myself.A. collideB. coincideC.identifyD. associatePART III 完形填空(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Early in January 2009, the temperature in Tanana Alaska, fell to 55 below zero F. It was so cold that when the airport runway lights stopped working, crews were __41__ from going outside to fix them.So it was a real concern whe Vicky Aldridge, a nurse practitioner at the village health center, realized that 61-year-old Winkler Bifelt was bleeding __42__ and needed medical treatment at Fairbanks Memorial Hospital, __43__ 150 miles away. The sun was already down when Aldridge made the __44__ telephone call to Frontier Service in Fairbanks.“We told them the only way we could fly was if they could find enough vehicles to __45__ the runway with headlights so we could land,” said Bob Hajdukovich, the company’s president. Aldridge’s next calls went to airport and town officials, who, __46__, called villagers. Forty five minutes later, enough cars, trucks, minivans and snowmobiles had lined up so that the runway was __47__.Pilots Nate Thompson and David Fowler landed without __48__, and then took off again, with Bifelt.“There is this wonderful caring __49__ in the village,” Aldridge said, “ if anyone needs anything, all I have to do is call one or two people and everything will get __50__”41. A. objected B. obstructed C. obliged D. observed42. A.intimately B. integrally C. intentionally D. internally43. A. less B. some C. but D.even44. A. eagerness B. pressure C. emergency D. hurry45. A. line B. cross C. span D. park46. A. by turns B. in turn C. in order D. in return47. A. lightened B. illustrated C. cleared D. widened48. A. reason B. support C. hesitation D. atmosphere49. A. status B. occasion C. surrounding D. atmosphere50. A. into control B. out of danger C. done well with D. taken care of PART IV 阅读理解(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage oneNovember 25 is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. This day was recognized by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1999 with a view to raising public awareness of violations of the right of women. Why was this step necessary?In many cultures women are viewed and treated as inferior or as second class citizens. Prejudices against them are deep rooted. Gender base violence in all its forms is an ongoing problem, even in the so-called developed world. According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan,”violence against women is global in reach, and takes place in all societies and cultures. It affects women no matter what their race, social origin, birth or other status may be.”Radhika Coomaraswamy, UN expert of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, says in his report that for the vast majority of women, violence against women is “a taboo issue, invisible in society and a shameful fact of life.” Statistics issued by a victim study institution in Holland indicate that 23 percent of women in one South Amercian country, or about 1in 4, suffer some form of domestic violence. Likewise, the Council of Europe estimates that 1 in 4 European women suffer domestic violenceduring their lifetime. According to the British Home Office in England and Wales in one recent year, an average of two women each week were killed by current or former partners. The magazine India Today International reported that “for w omen across India, fear is constant companion and rape is the stranger they may have to confront at every corner, on any road, in any public place at any hour”. UN experts described violence against women and girl as “today’s most serious human rights challenge.”51. This passage is intended to __________.A. point out the root of violence against womenB. find solutions to violence against womenC. criticize the governments’ inaction about violence against womenD. make people better aware of violence against women52. The word “gender” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. raceB. societyC. cultureD. sex53. According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, violence against women could be widely found __________.A. in South American countriesB. in rich countriesC. in developing countriesD. across the world54. By “violence against women is a taboo issue”, Radhika Coomaraswamy means that the vast majority of women __________.A. turn a blind eye to the problemB. don’t want to talk about the problemC. turn a deaf ear to the problemD. have been accustomed to the problem55. According to the last paragraph, violence against women is __________.A. more serious in South American countriesB. more serious in European countriesC. equally serious in South American and European countriesD. less serious in developed countries56. According to the passage, women in India __________.A. often live in the fear of violence against themB. suffer more serious domestic violenceC. must have their companions everywhereD. are facing most serious human rights challengesPassage TwoWhen you think of monkeys, you probably think of the Tropics. Few species of monkeys venture into temperate lands. Nevertheless, there are one or two notable exceptions.In the high Atlas Mountains of North Africa, where snowfall is common during the winter, small groups of Barbary apes roam through forests of cedar and oak. One isolated group of these monkeys can be found 200 miles to the north, living on the Rock ofGibraltar, at the southern most tip of Europe.How do naturalists explain this mystery? Some believe that the monkeys colonized other areas of Europe in the distant past and that those of Gibraltar are the only surviving group. Others think that Arabic or British colonizers brought them to the Rock. Legend has it that the monkeys crossed the narrow straits dividing Europe from Africa by means of a long-lost underground tunnel. Whatever their origin, they are now the only free range monkeys. The Barbary apes inhabit the pine woods that cover the upper part of the Rock. Although they number only a hundred or so, they have become “the peninsula’s most famous resdents,” according to the International Primate Protection League.Since seven million tourists visit Gibraltar every year, the mischievous monkeys have an ample food supply. Although they feed on wild plants, they have become skilled at begging and occasionally stealing food from visitors. Local authorities also provide the monkeys with fruit and vegetables.Apart from feeding, the monkeys spend 20 percent of their day grooming each other. Both male and females monkeys care for and play with the young ones. They live in close knit groups, where stress sometimes leads to confrontation. While the older monkeys use threats and screams to chase away the younger ones, they also have an unusual tooth-chattering behavior that seems to calm them down.Their arrival on Gibraltar may remain a mystery; still, these sociable monkeys add a special charm to the limestone headland that guards the entrance to the Mediterranean sea. Gibraltar would not be the same without them.57. The monkeys on the Rock of Gibraltar are special because __________.A. they live in tropic areasB. they inhabit temperate landsC. they live in forestsD. they came from North Africa58. Which of the following is NOT the possible origin of the Gibraltar monkey?A. They may be the surviving group of European.B. they may have been brought ot Gibraltar by colonizers.C. they may have come from Africa through the long- lost tunnel.D. they may have swum across the narrow straits from Africa.59. The population of “the peninsula’s most famous residents” __________.A. is growing rapidlyB. outnumbers the local peopleC. is threatened by too many visitorsD. is about five scores60. We canlearn from the 5th paragraph that Gibraltar monkeys __________.A. mainly feed on food from visitorsB. often threaten local touristsC. are very naughtyD. are raised by the local authorities61. The word “grooming” in the 6th paragraph is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. cleaningB. bitingC. fightingD. isolating62. According to the passage, __________.A. Gibraltar would be better without the monkeysB. the monkeys heve added beauty to the Rock of GibraltarC. Gibraltar monkeys and those in the high Atlas Mountains are of different speciesD. the older Gibraltar monkeys are very fierce to the younger onesPassage threeWhich would you give up: TV, Cell, or Web? From November 6 to December 3, a 1-question online poll was placed on high-traffic websites in 15 countries(Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Gndia, Italy, N etherlands, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States). A total of 150 respondents in each country participated in the poll. In this global survey, 11 of 15 countriessay they’d turn off the TV berfore they’d silence their cell phone or log off the Internet. Women,especially, will give up their favorite shows, voting to do so by a greater percentage than men in all but four countries. “I work 50-plus hours a week, and more importantly, the programs I watch on TV are free on the web.” Paula Kress of Georgia explains why she’d give up on TV.Y ounger respondents are more likely to take a pass on television, but older folks don’t necessarily stay stay away from the online experience. In Singapore, not a single person over 45 voted to stop surfing. “I’m not much for sitting in front of the screens, but I nee d the Internet to keep in touch with friends and family.” Hanna Larna explains why she’d keep the web and ditch TV.In the United States, people vited to give up TV, yet Americans sit in front of the flat screen for an average of four hours, 37minutes a day. But if the decision had been made by respondents over 45, the cell phone would have gotten the boot instead.In Canada people voted to give up the cell. The cost effect analysis shows that people there pay some of the highest rates for their cell phone plans, which may be why they have the lowest number of cell users among the western countries polled. “I don’t want to be reachable at every moment.”is another logical explanation.Why was Brazil the only country to pick the Internet (and by such a huge margin)? Brazil has some of the lowest rates of Internet use worldwide, with just 35 users per 100 people.(The U.S. and U.K. both have 72.) Brazil’s cost to hook up is also high, about $26a month, compared with $7.4in Germany.63. what is the most important reason for Paula Kress to give up TV?A. she doesn’t have time to watch TV.B. she doesn’t like sitting in front of screens.C. she can watch TV programs on the web.D. she finds online programs more interesting.64. Survey results in Singapore show that __________.A. women watch TV programs for a longer period of time than menB. men depend as much on cell phones as women doC. younger people use cell phones more than older peopleD. older people enjoy the Internet just like the younger ones65. Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to “get the boot”(Para. 3)?A. be dismissedB. catch onC. be favoredD. become dominant66. It is implied that among the Americans polled, there were more __________.A. menB. womenC. younger peopleD. older people67. How many countries picked the cell phone in the survey?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 568. In the last paragraph, the author mainly __________.A. describes the findings in the Brazilian surveyB. discusses the gap between Brazil and the western worldC. presents the reasons behind the Brazilian decisionD. analyzes the development of the Internet in BrazilPassage fourToday, world leaders are discussing climates change and what—if anything—can be done to combat global warming. Extreme weather conditions have brought home the fact that our climate is changing—and changing fast. It may be easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution. “Think global and act local,”said Friends of the Earth founder David Bower. In many small but important ways we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin:Count your food miles. What you eat and where you buy it affects global emissions. Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions, so it is madness to fly out-of-season vegetables across the world to supermarkets. We should lobby supermarkets for a system of classifying food according to the distance travelled: 0 for local food, 1 for British, 2 for Europe, and 3 for intercontinental.Turn off anything that winks at you. A video recorder on standby uses almost as much electricity as one playing a tape. Turning down the thermostat by one degree, not leaving TV and music centres on standby, turning off lights,putting lids on cooking pots, and only half-filling kettles can cut energy consumption by 30%, saving your money as well as saving the planet.Just stop using petrol. Y es you can, and the cr industry may help you. Hydrogen-powered cars are loved by car designers and could become a reality in about 10 years. Meanwhile, consider converting to liquefied petroleum gas(LPG). Y ou won’t be alone: a new pump for this is opening every day. Meanwhile, you can cut down on conventional petrol use just by changing driving habits—no rapid acceleration, lower speeds, keeping tires at the right pressure.Well, you can always walk. Or cycle. The majority of car journeys are less than five miles and, honestly, once you’ve stepped out, you’ll find it’s really not that bad. The only energy used is your own and that’s healthy. Y ou only have th look at the collective strength of the people’s fuel lobby to know this maked sense.These changes will save you money which you should invest in an ethical saving account. They are profitable and they put the pressure on business to clean up its act.69. In the first paragraph, the author tries to emphasize __________.A. his concern over climate changeB. his optimism in finding a way outC. the necessary of global actionsD. the difficulty in reaching an agreement70. Which conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 2 ?A. Centralized distribution of food is highly efficient and cost-effective.B. Organic food from abroad is better than food produced locally.C. Supermarkets do a great job of offering a wide selection of goods.D. It’s better for us consumers to shop in local farmers’ markets.71. In Paragraph 3 the author tries to convey the message that __________.A. small changes in small habits can make big differencesB. it is not easy for us to reduce energy consumption at homeC. the present way of using energy leaves much to be desiredD. we individuals may not help much in fighting global warming72. At presen, to replace petrol-driven cars, people may choose cars driven by _______.A, electricity B. LPG C. hydrogen D. biofuel73. For most of the car journeys, walking or cycling __________.A. is a waste of timeB. is undesirableC. is a feasible optionD. is what people prefer74. The passage is focused on __________.A. the passage of climate change on people’s livesB. the importance of individuals improving the environmentC. the benefits of cutting energy consumptionD. the small ways that can help fight global warmingPassage fiveSome years ago, thumping, jumping noises routinely issued from the apartment upstairs as if baby elephants were competing in the 50-year dash. I went up one day to politely inquire. “No, nobady’s making noise here” the husband and wife both insisted. It must be coming from elsewhere in the building.” Two children about five years old, each holding soccer balls, stood right beside their parents. “Could the thumping b e your kids running around, perhaps playing soccer?”, I asked. “Oh no, we never let the kids play in the house.”For monhs, the pattern continued: the thumping and jumping above, our delicate check-in, the denial. It got so that every time I saw the couple, I glared without a word of greeting. When they moved out of the building, the thumping stopped.I suppose I could have forgiven my neighbors and spared them the glare. After all, forgiveness is in, a trend advocated by best-selling books, foundations and research institutes. The notion has gone well beyond spiritual leaders advising that forgiveness is good for the soul and that hard feelings will turn us bitter and hostile. Now the medical community cites studies showing that forgiveness can prevent heart attacks, lower blood pressure and even ease depression.I may be outnumbered, but I still believe in the healing power of the grudge(不满). I’ve deployed grudges with an equal-opportunity sense of fairness—against teachers andclassmates,bosses and colleagues, family and friends. I’ve chosen to stop speaking to certain people permanently and occasionally even spoken ill of them—but more with disbelief than a sense of revenge. I’m neither proud nor ashamed. But I’ve discovered that nothing feels quitea as satisfying as a grudge well nursed.I’m not against forgiveness itself, I have forgiven people for rudeness as well as for deep misunderstandings and have done so without holding on to hard feelings. What I deplore is the propaganda about forgiveness. No longer an option, forgivensess is an official order. Forgiving so democratically cheapens the very act.A long standing grudge suggests that we hold certain standards, that we respect ourselves enough to reject bad behavior. Failure to forgive can be just as righteous, just as honorable as forgiveness itself.75. The author would probably describe the neighbors as __________.A. carelessB. dishonestC. ignorantD. immodest76. Paragraph 3 is focused on __________.A. how forgiveness is good for us spiritually and physicallyB. how forgiveness has become a fashionable conceptC. what has changed people’s understanding of forgivenessD. what is the true meaning and virtue of forgiveness77. By “I may be outnumbered”(Para. 4), the author means that most people in her situation would probably __________.A. tell people how bad the neighbors areB. refuse to speak to the neighborsC. try to practice forgiveness to the neighborsD. ask the neighbors for an explanation78. The author seems _________ what she always does with grudges.A. ashamed ofB. proud ofC. satisfied withD. disappointed with79. It can be learned that the author __________.A. has great difficulty forgiving peopleB. regrets failing to practice forgivenessC. wants to learn how to forgive peopleD. opposes “forgiveness without principle”80. The best title for the passage is __________.A. To Forgive is GodB. The Right Not to ForgiveC. Forgiveness in, Grudge outD. The Power of ForgivenessPART V 翻译(30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)一、英译汉Job stress comes in different forms and affects your mind and body in different ways. Small thing can make you feel stressed, such as a copy machine that never seems to work when you need i t or phones that won’t quit ringing. Major stress comes from having too much or not enough work or doing work that doesn’t satisfy you. Conflicts with your boss, coworkers, or customers are other major causes of stress.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)二、汉译英几年来，北京部分地区的房价翻了两番，使许多年轻人买不起理想小区中的房子。

2011年1月MBA考试英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and brig ht “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a c ompulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3．wlessC.pointlessD.helpless4．promiseD.proposal5．rmationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7．pared8．A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9．A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10．A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11．A.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log in12．A.In vainB.In effectC.In returnD.In contrast13．A.trustedB.modernized peting14．A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15．A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16．A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17．A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an out side director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldma n’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as h elpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms f or larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own do om. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies v an der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartment s in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life –few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s e conomies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stu ck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial council s. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:(7选5)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on so cial responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines d o-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:1. Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)2. write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】2011年MBA/MPA/ MPACC英语参考答案完型填空：1-10 ACBDDBACCB11-20 DBACAADACD阅读PartA21-25 ADCBD26-30 DBCAA31-35 BDCDB36-40 ADBAD阅读Part B41-45EDCBG翻译部分：有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But -__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of l aughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “a n unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in r evitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira tions. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expa nd user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a littl e bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want theirundergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kn owledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reform ing higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and crit icize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. (46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Alle n’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explai n it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。

2011年MBA全国考试英语真题和解读Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that w ould require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden”n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transacti on runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach。

(完整版)2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整版)2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析的全部内容。

(完整版)2011年考研英语(一）真题及答案解析编辑整理：张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是我们任然希望 (完整版）2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利.同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为〈(完整版)2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析> 这篇文档的全部内容。

2011年考研英语（一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark [A］， [B］，［C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exe rcise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughin g probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____s hort—term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， _ ___ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is diffi cult to ____， a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, s ay， walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____， studies dating back to the 19 30’s indicate that laughter。

2011年MBA(工商管理硕士)真题2011年MBA(工商管理硕士)真题(本试卷满分100分，考试时间为180分钟) PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (20%)1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ____ military service。

A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish2. He was laid _____ for six weeks with we broken ribs。

A. inB. outC. upD. down3. He _______ to be affected by many things。

A. forcedB. permittedC. advisedD. tended4."Did you remember to giver Anne the money you own her。

"Yes, ______ I saw her, I remembered."A. momentarilyB. whileC. suddenlyD. the instant4. _______ the formation of the sun, the planets and other stars began with the consideration of an interstellar cloud。

A. It accepted thatB. Accepted thatC. It is accepted thatD. That is accepted6. He is a man __ no one has a better right to speak。

A. whomB. to whomC. than whoD. than whom7.______ would have known the answer。

2011年考研英语真题答案及解析2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。

文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。

第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。

第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。

第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。

二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。

第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。

2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。

所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。

四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:2009年4 5月刊S c i e n t i f i cA m e r i c a n‘科学美国人“㊂全文围绕观点 笑可以改善情绪 展开,强调笑对身体的积极影响㊂试题精解1.A]在 中[B]除 之外[C]尽管[D]像 一样(表比较)[解析]句中t o t h e c o n t r a r y潜在的比较对象实为l a u g h i n gp r o b a b l y h a s l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e,解题只涉及空格句句内逻辑,而t o t h e c o n t r a r y表明两部分间为 让步或转折 逻辑,只有d e s p i t e符合条件,d e s p i t e s t h t o t h e c o n t r a r y为常见用法,意为 尽管有 等与此相反 ,正确项为[C]㊂2.[A]反映;表达[B]需要[C]表明;显示[D]引起;导致[解析]②句指出笑很可能对身体健康影响甚微;④句再次表明笑的影响有限,推测③句为 让步内容 ,即,退而承认 笑在某种意义上的功用 ,符合文意的只有[D]p r o d u c e,表示 产生影响㊁引发结果 ㊂3.[A](使)变得稳定[B]促进[C]损害[D]查明,测定[解析]空格部分短语作方式状语,说明笑是如何引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化的,因此空格词既要表现 产生㊁变化 这一语义,又要体现 积极的 这一方向,只有[B]b o o s t i n g符合要求㊂4.[A]输送;发射;传播[B]使保持;使稳定持续[C]估计;评估[D]看到;观察[解析]由空格句的主句可推知,因为大笑不具备散步或慢跑所拥有的某种属性,导致达不到散步或慢跑产生的功效;而散步或慢跑很明显的特点就是可持续时间长,再联系上文 笑只能引起心脏及血管功能的短期变化 可知,笑不具备持续性,[B]s u s t a i n符合文意㊂5.[A]显著的[B]可处理的[C]负担得起的[D]可延长有效期的[解析]空格句通过t h ew a y w a l k i n g o r j o g g i n g d o e s将 大笑 和 散步或慢跑 作比较,以u n l i k e l y说明 前者不如后者对身体的积极影响大 ,和b e n e f i t s连用表现 成效大 这一语义的只有[A]m e a s u r a b l e㊂6.[A]轮流[B]确切地说,事实上[C]另外,而且[D]简言之[解析]上文把 笑 和 散步㊁慢跑 进行比较,说明前者不如后者对身体的影响显著,而空格句把 笑 和 运动 进行比较,具体说明 运动和笑分别是如何影响身体的 ,因此不难判断该句是对上文的 具体化 说明,选项中只有[B]i n f a c t表示补充说明,强调前面所说的话㊂7.[A]相反的[B]不可能的[C]正常的;普通的[D]预期要发生的[解析]句中取舍结构i n s t e a do f...表明, 笑 和 运动 对肌肉的作用方式是不同的㊂空格句为运动的影响:使肌肉紧张,下文指出笑的影响:降低肌肉紧张度,由此明确两者对身体的作用相反,[A]o p-p o s i t e符合文意,t h e o p p o s i t e表示 正好相反的人或物 ,文中指代 相反的效果 ㊂8.[A]硬化[B]使松动[C](使)变紧;变得僵硬[D](使)放松[解析]空格句后半句d e c r e a s i n g m u s c l e t o n e...作状语修饰空格词,指 降低肌肉紧张度 ,也即 放松肌肉 ,因此[D]r e l a x e s正确㊂[B]w e a k e n s表示 削弱某物的坚定性㊁使其更易被破坏 ㊂9.[A]使严重[B]产生;引起[C]缓和;使适中[D]提高;增强[解析]s u c hb o d i l y r e a c t i o n指代上文 (笑引起的)肌肉放松㊁肌肉张力降低 ,c o n c e i v a b l y表明本句为 根据常识得出的结论 ,而 肌肉放松 对 心理压力 是 有助于缓解 的逻辑,[C]m o d e r a t e正确㊂10.[A]身体的[B]心理的;智力的[C]潜意识的[D]体内的,内心的1[解析]d o e s p r o d u c e起到强调作用,与具正面导向的i m p r o v e一起,明确本句是对①句的进一步说明,因此o t h e r t y p e s o f f e e d b a c k只能与上句s u c hb o d i l y r e a c t i o n相对应,与b o d i l y相近的只有[A]p h y s i c a l㊂11.[A]除 之外[B]依据[C]由于[D]至于,关于[解析]逗号前为 某理论 ,逗号后是 对情绪V S身体反应之间关系的说明 ;而上文②句通过A n y w a y,...d o e s...对①句观点进行支持,判断此处是对该观点的进一步实证,也即,作者通过 引用理论 来证明上文观点,选项中能表示引入信息来源的只有[B]A c c o r d i n g t o㊂12.[A]和 一起;具有[B]在 上;关于[C]在 之中[D]在 (场所);以[解析]上文已知 (笑引起的)身体反应能改善个人的情绪状态 ,即,个人的情绪状态(=感受)源自于身体反应,本句是对上文的引证,那么空格句应与上文相近,因此空格处只能表示 源自㊁由于 的逻辑,r o o t e d i n意为 根源在于,由 产生 ,[C]符合文意㊂13.[A]除非[B]直到 为止[C]如果[D]因为[解析]b u t后表面是在阐释 流泪(身体反应)V S悲伤(情绪) 的 时间先后关系 ,实则强调两者因果关联,即 身体反应(流泪)导致情绪(悲伤) ,因此b u t之前的内容一定与该观点相对立,即:(不是)悲伤导致流泪,空格处只有b e c a u s e既能体现 身体反应V S情绪 之间的因果逻辑,又能体现b u t所衔接两分句之间的转折对比逻辑,故[D]正确㊂14.[A]耗尽[B]因 而引起[C]在 之前发生[D]抑制[解析]句中A l t h o u g h...a l s o...(尽管 也会 )暗示空格词应体现与上文相反的关系,上文末观点: 悲伤 发生在 眼泪 之后,因此空格部分需表达 悲伤发生在眼泪之前 的逻辑,[C]p r e c e d e s正确㊂15.[A]到 里面;对着;向[B]来自[C]向(着),朝(着)[D]超出[解析]空格句前半句指出,悲伤会先于眼泪产生,即情绪导致相应的身体反应;由A l t h o u g h可知后半句的逻辑只能与之相反,并与上文末观点统一,即:情绪源于身体反应;文中e m o t i o n s对应 情绪 ,m u s c u l a r r e s p o n s e s对应 身体反应 ,空格词需要体现 源于 的语义逻辑,只有[B](f l o w)f r o m符合文意㊂16.[A](去)拿来;(去)请来[B]咬[C]拿走,挑出[D]使保持(在某位置)[解析]空格词既要表示 牙齿对笔的动作 ,还要表示 嘴唇对笔的动作 ,而且还必须产生 插入语(t h e r e b y...s m i l e) 和 定语从句(w h i c h...) 所述的表情,选项中只有[D]h o l d符合要求㊂17.[A]失望的[B]激动的[C]高兴的[D]漠不关心[解析]实验通常会设置两种完全相反的条件来观察结果,因此首先推断空格处表情很可能 与假笑相对 ;再由③句信息 那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人 和 那些嘴型收缩成皱眉表情的人 可以确定上述推断,即,后一种人所做的表情应该是 不高兴的 ,因此[A]d i s a p p o i n t e d正确㊂18.[A]适应[B]迎合[C]求助于[D]对 作出反应[解析]由下文所得实验结论 表情可以影响情绪 以及 笑这一行为也能够改善情绪 可知,做微笑表情的人能够表现出更为激烈的情绪,选项中只有[D]r e a c t e d能体现出这一层含义㊂19.[A]表明[B]需要;规定[C]提到;说到[D]假设,认为[解析]实验结果指出:假笑者比皱眉者对滑稽画册的反应更为强烈,即:笑这一身体动作能够影响情绪(更能感知到幽默),因此空格部分是对前文实验结果的进一步推论,[A]s u g g e s t i n g符合文意㊂20.[A]最后;终于[B]因此[C]同样;也[D]相反地[解析]空格句指出,笑这一身体行为能改善情绪㊂上文提到,假笑者比皱眉者对幽默更有感觉,这说明表情也可以影响情绪,而非只能是情绪影响表情㊂因此上文意在表明 笑这一身体动作,即便是刻意做出的,同样能够改善情绪 ;这与空格句逻辑一致,因此[C]S i m i l a r l y符合文意㊂全文翻译古希腊哲学家亚里士多德将笑视为 对健康极有价值的身体运动 ㊂但是,笑很可能对身体健康影响甚微,尽管有些观点与之相反㊂笑确实会引起心脏及心血管功能的短期变化,提高心率和耗氧量㊂但2因为大笑很难维持,所以它不大可能像散步或慢跑那样有显著的成效㊂确切地说,笑不像运动那样通过使肌肉紧张来塑造肌肉,而是似乎起到了相反的作用㊂自20世纪30年代起的种种研究表明,笑使肌肉放松,它(笑这一动作)能在笑声逐渐平息后降低肌张力长达45分钟㊂可以想象,这样的身体反应也许有助于缓和心理压力带来的影响㊂而且,笑的行为的确能引起改善个人情绪状态的其他类型的身体反馈㊂根据一种经典情绪理论的说法,我们的感受部分源于身体反应㊂19世纪末有人认为,人们并不是因为悲伤而哭泣,而是当眼泪开始流下来的时候才变得悲伤㊂尽管悲伤也会先于眼泪产生,但是有证据表明情绪可能是由肌肉反应引起的㊂德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨㊃斯特拉克于1988年发表了一项实验,他要求志愿者要么用牙齿咬住钢笔,从而产生一个假笑;要么用嘴唇衔住钢笔,由此产生一个失望的表情㊂结果那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人比那些愁眉苦脸的人对滑稽的卡通画册反应更为热烈,这表明表情也可以影响情绪而非只能是情绪影响表情㊂同样,笑这一身体行为能够改善情绪㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:C o m m e n t a r y‘评论“2007.09㊂作者以纽约爱乐乐团音乐总监的任命为切入点,提出个人观点:为使古典音乐乐团走出困境,必须从根本上改变乐团与听众的关系㊂全文脉络:介绍热议事件(第一㊁二段) 发表个人评论(第三至五段)㊂试题精解21.从第一段可知吉尔伯特的任命已㊂[A]招致批判[B]引起怀疑[C]受到欢呼[D]引发好奇[锁定答案]第一段①句指出,纽约爱乐乐团聘请G i l b e r t担任下任音乐总监的决定引发古典音乐界热议,②句紧接着指出古典音乐界在很大程度上是赞同该任命的,③句更是以音乐评论家T o m m a s i n i的欢呼来例证古典音乐界的赞同态度㊂可见[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将③句c r i t i c 评论家 曲解为 批判 ,与H o o r a y!A t l a s t!所传达的 高度赞同态度 相悖㊂[B]㊁[D]源自第二段①句 这次任命令人惊讶(c a m e a s s u c ha s u r p r i s e) ,超出题干范围,与第一段传达的总体赞同态度不符㊂[提炼思路]本题考查古典音乐界的观点态度,解题应严格遵守题干给出的范围,分清观点所属㊂由题干定位至第一段 古典音乐界对该任命总体持支持赞同态度 ,[C]正确㊂[A]曲解原文个别字词词义,[B]㊁[D]利用第二段内容设置干扰,超出答题范围,排除㊂22.托马西尼认为吉尔伯特是一位艺术家㊂[A]有影响力的[B]谦逊的[C]值得尊敬的[D]有才华的[锁定答案]由T o m m a s i n i定位至第二段②句T o m m a s i n i对G i l b e r t的评价:G i l b e r t是 谦逊的㊁没有令人生畏派头的指挥 ㊂m o d e s t与u n p r e t e n t i o u s同义,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]与第二段①句 G i l b e r t较不为人知(l i t t l e k n o w n) 相悖㊂[C]与第二段②句 G i l b e r t 没有令人生畏的派头(w i t hn o a i r o f t h e f o r m i d a b l e c o n d u c t o r)相悖㊂[D]源自第三段①句作者观点 不知(I h a v en o i d e a)G i l b e r t是否伟大 ,但T o m m a s i n i并未评价G i l b e r t的才华㊂[提炼思路]本题考查 文中人物 就 事件人物某一具体方面的 看法,关键在于找准定位㊂先由T o m m a s i n i初步定位至第一段③句㊁第二段②句,再由T o m m a s i n i对G i l b e r t个人的评价锁定第二段②3句,从而确定最符合文义的[B]正确㊂23.作者认为音乐会忠实听众㊂[A]忽视了现场演奏的成本[B]抵制大多数种类的演奏录音[C]夸大了现场演奏的种类[D]高估了现场演奏的价值[锁定答案]由d e v o t e d c o n c e r t g o e r s定位至第四段㊂作者直接否定音乐会忠实听众观点 录音无法取代现场演奏 ,并明确个人观点:录音更具优势,且已给古典音乐乐团带来危机㊂可见,作者认为音乐会忠实听众高估了现场演奏的价值,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将②句多方争夺的对象 艺术爱好者的时间㊁关注和金钱(t h e t i m e,a t t e n t i o n,a n d m o n e y) 篡改为 现场演奏的成本 ㊂[B]㊁[C]源自②句罗列的 古典音乐现场演奏的竞争对手(其他现场演出+演奏录音) ,但原文仅提及 古典音乐演奏录音 ,r e j e c t和e x a g g e r a t e也无从得知㊂[提炼思路]本题考查作者观点,首先由首句m i s s i n g t h e p o i n t(没有抓住核心问题)初步判断作者对音乐会忠实听众的看法 录音无法取代现场演奏 持负面的态度,即作者认为:录音获取方便,给乐团带来了危机,这些听众低估了录音的潜力,高估了现场演奏的价值,[D]正确㊂24.根据文章,以下哪一项是有关音乐录音的正确说法?[A]它们的品质通常次于现场音乐会㊂[B]它们很容易为大众所获得㊂[C]它们有助于提高音乐的品质㊂[D]它们只涵盖了杰出的音乐作品㊂[锁定答案]第四段③句指出音乐录音的优势:价格低廉㊁随处可得㊁艺术品质大多较高,听众可以自主选择 消费 它们的时间和地点,④句强调音乐录音最具颠覆性的特点 普遍可得性(w i d e s p r e a d a v a i l a b i l i t y) ㊂可见[B]符合文意㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[C]篡改第四段③句 在艺术品质方面,伟大音乐家的演奏录音往往比如今的现场演奏高得多(r e c o r d i n g s...m u c hh i g h e r i n a r t i s t i c q u a l i t y t h a n...l i v e p e r f o r m a n c e s) ㊂[D]由第四段②句 20世纪伟大音乐家的演奏录音 主观臆测出 演奏录音只涵盖这一部分作品 ㊂[提炼思路]本题考查音乐录音相关细节,需注意区分比较对象音乐录音和现场演奏各自的特点㊂[B]e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e同义替换第四段③句a v a i l a b l e e v e r y w h e r e㊁④句w i d e s p r e a da v a i l a b i l i t y,为正确项,而[A]颠倒比较结果㊁[C]扭曲具体信息㊁[D]缩小对象范围,排除㊂25.对于吉尔伯特在振兴纽约爱乐乐团中所起的作用,作者感到㊂[A]怀疑[B]兴奋[C]有信心[D]困惑[锁定答案]根据题干r e v i t a l i z i n g定位到第五段㊂该段②句指出G i l b e r t在新音乐方面的能力受到音乐界的广泛认可,但③句随即以疑问句进行质疑,④句进而指出这一措施的局限性:仅仅扩充乐团的演奏曲目是远远不够的㊂可见作者对吉尔伯特能否振兴乐团持怀疑态度,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]源自首段③句 H o o r a y!A t l a s t! ,但原文传达的是T o m m a s i n i 高度赞同 的态度,作者并不认同㊂[C]利用末段②句评论家A l e xR o s s态度进行干扰,作者亦不认同㊂[D]由末段③句用以引出作者观点的设问句臆测出作者 困惑 之意㊂[提炼思路]作者态度题考查考生对文章的整体把握㊂本文前两段树靶,介绍古典音乐界 对吉尔伯特任命的反应 及 指望靠音乐总监一人扭转乾坤㊁解决乐团危机 的心态,后三段指出这种心态错误之处:振兴乐团关键在于改变其与新听众的关系,而非音乐总监的个人能力㊂可见,作者对 吉尔伯特振兴乐团 一事持怀疑态度㊂全文翻译纽约爱乐乐团 将于2009年聘请艾伦㊃吉尔伯特作为其下任音乐总监 的任命决定自被突然宣布以来,就一直是古典音乐界谈论的话题㊂绝大部分反响至少可以说是赞同的㊂ 好哇,终于这么做了! 持重的古典音乐评论家安东尼㊃托马西尼写道㊂但是,该任命让人感到如此意外的原因之一是,吉尔伯特相对不为人知㊂甚至连曾在‘纽约时报“上撰4文大力支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼也(只是)称其为 谦逊的音乐家,在他身上没有那种令人生畏的大指挥家派头 ㊂对于一个迄今为止一直由像古斯塔夫㊃马勒和皮埃尔㊃布列兹这样的音乐家来指挥的交响乐团,这样描述其下任音乐总监,似乎至少可能会让一些‘纽约时报“的读者觉得是一种牵强的赞美㊂就我而言,我压根儿不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥,甚至算不算是个好指挥㊂诚然,他指挥了种类甚多的有趣的音乐作品,但是我不是非得动身前往艾弗里㊃费雪音乐厅或任何其他地方,才能听到有趣的交响乐㊂我所要做的仅仅是走到我的唱片架旁,或者打开电脑从i T u n e s上下载更多的音乐录音㊂那些回应称 音乐录音无法替代现场演奏 的音乐会忠实听众没有真正抓住核心问题㊂为了赢得艺术爱好者的时间㊁关注和金钱,古典音乐演奏家们不仅必须与歌剧院㊁舞蹈团㊁剧团和博物馆展开竞争,而且还必须与20世纪伟大古典音乐家的演奏录音展开竞争㊂这些音乐录音价格低廉㊁随处可得㊁艺术品质大多比当今的现场演奏高很多;而且听众可以自主选择 消费 它们的时间和地点㊂因此,这类音乐录音的普遍可得性已经导致(听)传统古典音乐会的习俗陷入危机㊂对于古典音乐演奏者而言,一种可能的应对措施就是去演奏还没有录制的有吸引力的新音乐作品㊂吉尔伯特本人对新音乐的兴趣众所周知:古典音乐评论家亚历克斯㊃罗斯称其为一个有能力将纽约爱乐乐团转变为 显著不同的㊁更具活力的团体 的人㊂但那种不同的本质将会是什么呢?仅仅扩充乐团的演奏总曲目是不够的㊂如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想要获得成功,他们必须首先改变 美国最古老的交响乐团 和 其希望吸引的新听众 之间的关系㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:B u s i n e s s w e e k‘商业周刊“2009.11.16㊂本文主要采用例证法㊁引证法,就新现象 金融危机过后美国高端职场顶级经理人纷纷裸辞 做了原因及意义分析㊂试题精解26.麦基宣布离职时,对其方式的最佳描述为㊂[A]傲慢的[B]坦率的[C]以自我为中心的[D]冲动的[锁定答案]首段前三句评价麦基离职方式:意外地坦率直接(s u r p r i s i n g l y s t r a i g h t u p)㊁并未含糊其辞(r a t h e r t h a n c l o a k i n g ),而是对外界公开辞职原因(c a m e r i g h t o u t a n d s a i d),因此[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[C]分别从③句b r o a d c a s t i n g h i s a m b i t i o n(宣扬野心)以及w a s v e r y m u c hm y d e c i-s i o n(完全是我个人决定)主观臆断出麦基 傲慢 和 以自我为中心 ㊂[D]从①句s u r p r i s i n g l y和②句c a m e r i g h t o u t a n d s a i d主观推出其离职是 冲动 使然,但②句表明其目标:管理一家公司㊂[提炼思路]开篇为某特殊事例时,命题人有时会就其中细节考查,看似与主题无关,但事例往往是 引子 ,故正确项与全文主基调密不可分㊂本题[A]㊁[C]和[D]三项均为 贬义 ,而全文无意对高管行事作风展开批判,而是客观说明一种现象:高管裸辞正在成为一种潮流,这与 麦基离职时不讳莫如深 的特点吻合㊂27.根据第二段,促使高管们辞职的可能是㊂[A]他们对更佳财务状况的期望[B]他们想认真思考个人生活的需求[C]他们与董事会的紧张关系[D]他们对全新职业目标的追求[锁定答案]第二段③句列举类似麦基的高管:雅芳公司和美国运通公司二号高管为追求C E O职位而辞职;还有高管因继任无望而希望易职㊂因此高管们裸辞源于 想追求新的㊁更高的职业目标 ,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]从⑥句 混乱多变的商业环境 和④句 希冀C E O职位 中臆断而来㊂[B]将①句 思考想要管理什么样的公司 偷换为 思考个人生活 ㊂[C]从⑤句 继任未获董事会首肯(d o n t g e t t h e n o d) 过度推测而来,但难以继任未必源于和董事会关系不佳㊂5[提炼思路]因果细节题是高频题型,熟知因果关系词是关键,常见的有t h e r e a s o n,b e c a u s eo f,b e-c a u s e,i n t h a t,a sar e s u l to f,b er e s p o n s i b l e f o r,d u e t o,o w i n g t o,t h a n k s t o,本题使用了非显性的b e s p u r r e db y,类似的还有i nc r e a s e,s t i m u l a t e,a s s i s t,h e l p,p r o m o t e,f a c i l i t a t e,e n c o u r a g e等㊂28.第四段第三行中p o a c h e d一词的含义最有可能是㊂[A]被认可[B]被关注[C]被搜寻[D]被提防[锁定答案]①句点出段落要点:为寻找更好职位而辞掉高级职位,这并非惯例;②句解释道:高管和猎头们多年都遵循这一规则:最有吸引力的C E O是那些 ;③句引招聘者之言说明:每次搜寻人才,董事会都会要他从在任C E O中物色,可见,最受青睐的高管都是 猎取 到的,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]把③句 猎头挖人之举是董事会授意 偷换为 优秀C E O都是被认可的 ㊂[B]在②句t h e o n e sw h om u s t b e p o a c h e d和t h em o s t a t t r a c t i v eC E O间机械划等号,从a t t r a c t i v e臆断出 被留心㊁关注 之意㊂[D]反向曲解文中s e a r c h,l o o ka t,h e a d h u n t等体现的 被猎取,被搜寻 这一语义㊂[提炼思路]词义题意在考查上下文把握能力,常见的上下文线索包括:词语搭配㊁同位语㊁举例说明㊁近义反义词复现等㊂第四段①②句为对比关系,②③句又是解释关系,利用这两层关系是解题关键㊂其次,从词语搭配上看,与p o a c h构成动宾关系的是C E Oc a n d i d a t e s,③句中与C E O搭配的是s e a r c h和l o o ka t,只有h u n t e d f o r与之契合㊂29.从最后一段可推知㊂[A]高级职员们过去一向坚守其职[B]高级职员们的忠诚正变得不合时宜[C]高级职员们更关注名声[D]坚守传统规则更安全[锁定答案]末段③句指出高端职场传统规则:不挪窝最安全;换言之,过去高级职员往往坚守其职㊂[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]对③句s t a y w h e r e y o ua r e(待在原处不动)偷换概念,将其等同于l o y a l t y(忠诚)㊂[C]由①句t h e o l d d i s g r a c e i s f a d i n g f o r t o p p e r f o r m e r s推出,但该内容对应的是 高管过去很看重脸面 ,与选项的 一般现在时态 不符㊂[D]把③句 传统规则是,坚守现职更安全 偷换成 坚守传统规则更安全 ,恰好与文意矛盾㊂[提炼思路]段落推断题要求考生体味段中的 言外之意 ,即推测作者未明说但又意欲表达的内容㊂末段②句说金融危机使高管们暂时失业或辞职变得能接受了;反过来即,过去高管及外界不认同裸辞,更想固守岗位;③句说传统职场规则是待在原有岗位更安全,但是这项规则已被彻底颠覆;换言之即,以前高管倾向于固守岗位,现在不了㊂30.以下哪项是本文最好的标题?[A]首席执行官们:路在何方?[B]首席执行官们:一路高升?[C]高级经理们在没有新工作的情况下辞职[D]高级职员们唯一的出路[锁定答案]首段引出事例:美国银行总裁高调裸辞;第二㊁三段分析众多高管裸辞的内外在原因,表明其普遍性;第四至六段对现象进行总体评价:过去很少见,如今更可接受㊂可见,全文为现象论述型议论文,并且 高管 ㊁ 裸辞 在文中反复出现,故[C]为正确选项㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[B]把文中主角t o p m a n a g e r s偷换成C E O s,而C E O s实为文中高管裸辞的更高目标;其次两项疑问形式体现的 前景不明朗 口吻,与文中明确㊁积极态度 高管裸辞已成趋势㊁更能接受(m o r e a c c e p t a b l e) 矛盾㊂[D]由末段③句的 彻底颠覆 以及④句 受害最深的是那些待得太久的人 而来,但这并不等于 高管只有裸辞一条路可走 ,所以选项过于绝对;再者本文而非 问题解决 类型(主要谈及 出路㊁解决办法 )㊂[提炼思路]解答标题题重在寻找主题句或主题词㊂主题句通常出现在:一㊁首段首句;二㊁开篇转折处;三㊁开篇现象结束处㊂其形式往往是概括总结性的结论或者判断㊂主题词的特征通常有:主题句中出现㊁首段中多次出现㊁全文中有多次出现㊁题干中多次出现㊂6全文翻译利亚姆㊃麦基8月份辞去其作为美国银行总裁的职务时,他的解释出人意料地直率㊂他没有用常见的一些含糊其辞的借口来掩饰自己的离开,而是公开声明他离职是 为了追求我管理一家公司的目标 ㊂麦基说,公布他的追求目标 完全是我自己的决定 ㊂不出两周,麦基首次与哈特福德金融服务集团的董事会会谈,9月29日,该集团任命他为C E O兼董事长㊂麦基说,没有找好下家就辞职,给了他时间认真思考自己想要管理什么样的公司㊂这也向外界明确传递了他的志向所在㊂不过这么做的不仅仅只有麦基一个人㊂最近几周,雅芳公司和美国运通公司的二把手以他们在期冀C E O职位为由辞职了㊂当董事会迫于股东压力仔细审查继任计划时,那些未得到首肯的高管也可能想换份工作㊂动荡不安的商业环境也使得高级经理人谨防让含糊其辞的声明损毁自己的声誉㊂随着经济复苏初现企稳迹象,副总们也许会更愿意在没有找到新工作的情况下就辞职㊂利伯伦研究公司的数据显示,由于焦虑的董事会紧抓现有领导不放,第三季度的C E O人事变动率相较去年下降了23%㊂随着经济好转,对于胸怀抱负的领导者来说将会有很多机会㊂辞去高级职位以期冀更好职位这样的决定不符合惯例㊂多年来,高管和猎头们都一直遵从这样一条规则:最具吸引力的C E O候选人是那些必须被挖来的人㊂科恩/费里(猎头)公司资深合伙人丹尼斯㊃凯里说: 我所做的招聘中,想不起有哪一次董事会没有要求我首先考虑在任的C E O ㊂那些还没有找到(新)工作就跳槽的人并不总是能够快速谋得高位㊂10年前,艾伦㊃马拉姆以纯果乐公司领导人身份离职,说她想成为一名C E O;一年后她才成为一家小型网络商品交易所的头头㊂2005年,罗伯特㊃维伦斯塔德怀揣着成为一名C E O的雄心离开了花旗集团;三年后他才总算在一家大型金融机构担任了这一职务㊂许多招聘人员表示,过去对高级职员而言的不光彩正在淡去㊂金融危机已经使得暂时赋闲在家或者辞去糟糕的工作变得更易接受㊂ 传统规则是固守现任岗位更保险,但是,这种规则已经被彻底颠覆了㊂ 某位猎头说道, 受害最深的恰恰是那些待得太久的人㊂T e x t3总体分析来源:M c K i n s e y Q u a r t e r l y‘麦肯锡季刊“2010.09㊂作者指出现代营销是多种媒介合力作用的结果,分析了新媒介给营销带来的机遇和风险,并就如何应对风险提出建议㊂全文脉络:提出主旨 现代营销是多种媒介合力作用的结果 (第一段) 新媒介给营销带来的机遇(第二段) 新媒介给营销带来的风险(第三㊁四段)㊂试题精解31.消费者可能创建 免费(口碑) 媒介,当他们时㊂[A]着迷于在某个网站进行网络购物[B]受到发送给他们的产品促销邮件的启发[C]渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品[D]热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品[锁定答案]根据题干关键词 e a r n e d m e d i a定位到首段④句㊂该句指出,热衷某一产品的消费者自愿将其推荐给朋友时,便创建了 赢得(免费) 媒介㊂可见[D]符合文意㊂[排除干扰][A]将④句 热衷某一产品(a p r o d u c t) 曲解为 着迷于在某一网站上购物(W e bs i t e) ㊂[B]混淆了自有媒介( o w n e d m e d i a) 与赢得媒介( e a r n e d m e d i a)㊂[C]将④句 向朋友推荐产品 (p r o m o t i n g i t t o f r i e n d s)篡改为 帮朋友推销产品(h e l p t h e i r f r i e n d s p r o m o t e...) ㊂[提炼思路]解答事实细节题需找准定位,确定原文同义表达为正确项㊂由题干 e a r n e d m e d i a定位至首段④句,[D]是原文...p a s s i o n a t e a b o u t a p r o d u c t...w i l l i n g l y p r o m o t i n g i t t o f r i e n d s的同义表达,为正确项㊂7。

2011年MBA英语真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specificcomputer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possib le for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy righ ts activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of theInternet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1．A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2．A.for B.within C.while D.though3．A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4．A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5 rmation． B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6．A.by B.into C.from D.over7．A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9．A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11．A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12．A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13．A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enoughindependence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outsidedirectors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the globalindustry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization forEconomic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase“less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, heemployed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along t he city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now eve n the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single cu rrency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to sa ve Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a smallmajority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politiciansintervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debat e over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __. ［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries ［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __. ［A］pessimistic ［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary，Andrew Lansley，who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools，restrict advertising of products high in fat，salt or sugar，and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease. Professor TerenceStephenson ，president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health，said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just ascourageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, aslt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas." If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Porfessor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "if children are taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of gre enhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)英语第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）21. —We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.—Yes, ? I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. what forC. whyD. what22. Try ____ sh e might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23. Planning so far ahead ____ no sense-so many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made24. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A. was just beingB. will just beC. had just beenD. would just be25. —Someone wants you on the phone.— nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. AndC. ButD. So26. I can __ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.A. come up withB. put up withC. turn toD. stick to27. The next thing he saw was smoke ____ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen28. Only when he reached the tea-house ____ it was t he same place he’d been in lastyear.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realized29. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ____ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain30. The form cannot be signed by anyone ____ yourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than31. The prize will go to the writer ____ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what32. They____ have arrived at lunchtime but their fight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should33. It is generally accepted that____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like____ man.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; 不填34. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to____.A. disappear B .fall C. fail D. damage35. —Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. ____.A. You name it.B. I’ve got it.C. I can’t agree more.D. You should know.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago.The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried bean (豆)，and invited the student to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shout of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying,“ you have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.”Twenty years later, the 43 could guests what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible (无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51. The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute (替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .”the woman says,“and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36. A. art B. history C. science D. math37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult41. A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken42. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show43. A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave55. A. dropped B. stared C. passed D. missed第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5 year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note- “Please add a bottle ofbuttermilk next deliver y”- and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically (魔术般) appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete (竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. Took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son’s son will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my childhood, and of milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.56. Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out his coin changer .A. to show his magical powerB. to pay for the deliveryC. to satisfy his curiosityD. to please his mother57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?A. He wanted to have tea there.B. He was a respectable person.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was fully trusted by the family.58. Why dose home milk delivery no longer exist?A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.B. It has been driven out of the market.C. Its service is getting poor.D. It is forbidden by law.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.BThe word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been all effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers”to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became all important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name orproduct, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商).” The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.60. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.61. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets.D. Working with ad agencies.62. The l8th century advertising was special in its _____.A. growing spendingB. printing materialsC. advertising companiesD. attractive designs63 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The Value of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for AdvertisingCWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign (发起运动) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larg er than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for (满足需要) less than half of the male (男性) population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy,“Seven-foot beds would work fine.” Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.64. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A. To provide better services.B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.D. To attract more people to become its members.65. Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to PhilHeinricy?A. 7′2″.B. 7′ .C. 6′6″ .D. 6′3″.66. What may happen to restaurants with small tables?A. They may lose some customers.B. They may start businesses elsewhere.C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.67. What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.B. 6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.D. Guest rooms are standardized.DCassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby (业余爱好): She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said,“ The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it’s a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden.68. What does the word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”，Ms. Gartin means that ______.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are dong it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There’s a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a HobbyEWanted, Someone for a KissWe’re looking for producers to join us in t he sound of London 100 FM. You’ll work on the station’s music program mes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Father ChristmasWe’re lo oking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sunday, 10:30—16:00Excellent pay.Please contact (联系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne. Accountants AssistantWhen you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs. R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.72. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.B. Mrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre.D. Wealden, District Council.73. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who______.A. is aged between 24 and 40B. may do some training workC. should deal with general dutiesD. can work for about a month74. Which position is open to recent school graduates?A. Producer, London Kiss.B. Father Christmas.C. Accountants AssistantD. Software Trainer75. What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?A. One with GCSE grade C level.B. One with some office experience.C. One having good computer knowledgeD. One trained in producing music programmes.短文改错(共10小题：每小题1分，满分lO分)(注意：在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。