2014职称英语《综合B》真题及答案
第一部分：词汇选项
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A.support
B.limit
C.regulate
D.oppose
2.His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A.empty
B.sincere
C.respectful
D.terrible
3.His professional career spanned 16 years.
A.started
B.changed
C.moved
https://www.doczj.com/doc/362191030.html,sted
4.His knowledge of French is fair.
A.very useful
B.very limited
C.rather special
D.quite good
5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
A.disappointment
B.excitement
C.anger
D.calm
6.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.
A.charm
B.time
C.space
D.opportunity
7.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
A.parts
B.pains
C.aspects
D.results
8.He led a very moral life.
A.human
B.intelligent
C.natural
D.honorable
9.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.
A.discover
B.prove
C.consider
D.imagine
10.Several windows had been smashed.
A.cleaned
B.replaced
C.broken
D.fixed
11.London quickly became a flourishing port.
A.successful
B.major
https://www.doczj.com/doc/362191030.html,rge
https://www.doczj.com/doc/362191030.html,mercial
12.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A.copy
B.publish
C.summarize
D.furnish
13.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
A.hidden
B.traditional
C.official
D.inflexible
14.The majority of people around here are decent.
A.real
B.honest
C.normal
D.wealthy
15.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A.homework
B.act
C.justice
D.model
第二部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
The Most Wonderful Islands
The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai，in the United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed. They are being developed as tourist，leisure，and residential resorts，and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometres.
After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues，construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the first two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site. Although the shallow water facilitates this process，the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent（月状的）structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.
The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 fronds，or leaves，coming off the trunk. The first island，named Palm Jumeirah，has three five-star hotels in the trunk，and luxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004，they were all sold within three days.
The second palm Jebel Ali，was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas（小游艇船坞）are planned，with a water theme park，and home built on stilts（桩柱）in the water.
The Palm Deira is planned to be the largest of the three islands，with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km，an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties，marinas，shopping malls，sports facilities，and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
More artificial islands，the World Islands，are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah. They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates，private homes，community islands，and resorts.
Unquestionably，these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modern world. They will also maintain Dubai…s status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.
16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeirah were sold.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. The Palm Deira will be the same size as Paris.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. The world Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeirah.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：（1）1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
The Storyteller
1.Steven Spielberg has always had one goal：to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen.And that…s what he has always been about.The son of a computer scientist and a pianist，Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and，later，
Arizona.From the very beginning，his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.
2.Even decades later，Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years，which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.He believes that E.T.is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent…s 1966 divorce，“It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything，” recalls his mother，Leah Adler.“Whe n trees brushed against the house，he would head into my bed.And that?s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”
3.Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad…s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about fly ing saucers and World War ΙΙ battles.Spielberg?s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends.On Boy Scout camping trips，when night fell，Spielberg became the center of attention.“Steven would start telling his ghost stories，” says Richard Y.Hoffman Jr.，leader of Troop 294，“and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”
4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there，but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated.Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him，so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.Spielberg was determined to make movies，and he managed to get an unpaid，non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood.Soon he was given a contract，and he dropped out of college.He never looked back.
5. Now，many years later，Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent.Ask him where he gets his ideas，Spielberg shrugs.“The process for me is mostly intuitive （凭直觉的），” he says.“There are films that I feel I need to make，for a variety of reasons，for personal reasons，for reasons that I want to have fun，that the subject matter is cool，that I think my kids will like it.And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money，like the sequel（续集）to Jurassic Park.”
A.An aim of life
B.A funny man
C.Inspirations for his movies
D.Telling stories to make friends
E.The trouble of making movies
F.Getting into the movie business
23.Paragraph 1_______
24.Paragraph 2_______
25.Paragraph 3_______
26.Paragraph 4_______
A.a lot of money
B.a number of reasons
C.almost everything
D.his childhood memories
E.telling scary stories
F.making children laugh
27.Some of Spielberg…s most successful movies came from _______
28.When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of __________
29.Spielberg is very good at __________
30.Spielberg says he makes movies for _________
第四部分：阅读理解
短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇The Making of a Success Story
IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer，and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad，one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926，Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child，he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches，seeds，and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17，his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.
Today IKEA is known for its modern，minimalist furniture1，but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather，IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2，including watches，pens and stockings.
IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging，so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult，Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings，but in the early 1950s，people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming：people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955，IKEA was designing all its own furniture.
In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea：flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves，but over time，even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays，IKEA is often seen as having
connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company，leading to better sales and continued expansion.
Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly，Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself，though，just keeps on growing.
31. Kamprad established IKEA with
A.his personal savings.
B.his father…s reward for his school performance.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/362191030.html,rge profits from selling things.
D.His school…s support
32. The author states in Paragraph 5 that flat packaging
A.need father…s reward for his school performance.
B.is a business concept inspired by Kamprad.
C.help reduce transportation costs.
D.make the company self-sufficient
33. According to the passage，which of the following is not true？
A.IKEA experienced rapid expansion since the late 1950s.
B.IKEA designed its own products since 1955.
C.IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods originally.
D.Kamprad sold his company after retirement.
34. What is the author…s attitude towards IKEA?s future according to the last paragraph？
A.Indifferent.
B.Doubtful.
C.Optimistic.
D.Pessimistic.
35. The passage is developed primarily in terms of
A.analysis of a process
B.Examples that illustrate a problem.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/362191030.html,parison and contrast.
D.Sequence of events.
第二篇Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart，but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician，but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ，numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ，and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ，do the same on all tests .
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .
Howard Gardner ，a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ，has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn…t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists ，he doesn?t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ，when one part of the Brain is injured ，other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ，there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence；linguistic，mathematical，spatial，musical，interpersonal，intrapersonal，body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的），and naturalistic .
36.What is the main idea of this passage ？
A. The importance of intelligence .
B. The development of intelligence tests .
C. How to understand intelligence .
D. How to become intelligent .
37.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ？
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .
B. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .
C. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .
D. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .
38.Gardner believes that ________ .
A. all children are alike .
B. children have different intelligences .
C. children should take one intelligence test .
D. there is no general intelligence .
39.According to Gardner，schools should ________ .
A. promote development of all intelligences .
B. test students… IQs .
C. train students who do poorly on tests .
D. focus on finding the most intelligent students .
40.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .
A. musical foundation .
B. intrapersonal foundation .
C. linguistic foundation .
D. biological foundation .
第三篇The Worker's Role in Management
Traditionally，it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most，companies have provided “suggestion boxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years，however，many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore，major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings，which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers，then，play a stronger role in management？
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least，the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. （A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.）Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业），often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant，because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow，they will help to make improvement，their morale will rise，and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive，they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stock ownership plans，bonuses，or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally，when a plant can no longer
operate at a profit，the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
41.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.
A. were not qualified
B. seldom obtained workers…opinions
C. disliked “suggestion boxes”
D. never consulted the labor force.
42.In recent years，many management specialists have been arguing that
workers________.
A. should have a say in management of the company.
B. are no longer sellers of the products
C. are less affected by company decisions than before.
D. are able to make final decisions for the company.
43.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.
A. senior
B. ordinary
C. intelligent
D. capable
44.According to the passage，what happened between 1980 and 1985？
A. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.
B. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.
C. Workers did not make necessary concession.
D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.
45.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.
A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.
B. cannot get a share in the company…s profits.
C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.
D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.
第五部分：补全短文
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Day a Language Died
When Carlos Westez died at the age of 76，a language died，too. Westez，more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud，was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington，D.C.，where，back in the 1940s，Red Thunder
Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________（46）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world…s ecology（生态）。However，few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese，Spanish，Russian，and Hindi have become powerful languages，as well，___________（47）。When this happens，hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are about 6，000 languages around the world，but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples，Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu，located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________（48）In the Americas，100 languages，each of which has fewer than 300 speakers，also are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe，and the language was not his mother tongue. _________（49）。The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone，
and the language is dead.
What does it mean when a language disappears？When a plant or insect or animal species dies，it is easy to understand what we…ve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However，language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny，almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.
____________（50）
A. Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）。
C . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
D . These language don…t have many native speakers.
E . For the rest of us，when a language dies，we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F . As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase.
六部分：完形填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
Public Relations
Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company，including publicity releases，designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.
Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm，usually in the （51）of press releases or press conferences. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders，financial analysts，government officials，and other noncustomer groups，it is usually （52）outside the marketing department，perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a （53）because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in line with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination can be the （54）。Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence （55）the public image，this influence generally may be less than （56）provided by the other components of the public image mix.
Publicity nay be in the form of news releases that have （57）overtones for the company initiate by the public relations department. Publicity on the other （58）should not be divorced from the marketing department，as it can （59）a useful adjunct（辅助）to the regular advertising. （60），not all publicity is initiated by the firm；some can （61）from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of （62）that are controversial or even downright ill-advertised.
The （63）we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding（自欺）itself if it thinks its public relations function，whether within the company or an outside firm，can take （64）of public image and opportunities. Many of these have to do with the way the （65）does business，such as its product quality，the servicing and handling of complaints，etc.
51.A.matter B.form C.system D.direction
52.A.placed B.approved C.developed D.changed
53.A.desire B.quality C.limitation D.feature
54.A.images B.methods C.consequences D.conclusions
55.A.in B.for C.on D.at
56.A.all B.that C.what D.Which
57.A.serious B.negative C.favorable D.provide
58.A.side B.part C.hand D.area
59.A.produce B.connect C.involve D.provide
60.A.Yet B.Otherwise C.Furthermore D.Rather
61.A.make B.result C.tell D.keep
62.A.activities B.actions C.performances D.relations
63.A.tradition B.contrast C.nature D.point
64.A.charge B.over C.care D.note
65.A.manager B.public C.department D.firm
2014年答案
1-15 A A D D A A B D A C B D D D B 16-22 BBCA CBA
23-30 ACDF DCEB
31-45 BCDCD CDBAD AABAA 46：A 47：F 48：D 49：C 50：E
47-65 B A C C C B C C D C B B D C D
2017年英语专业四级真题及答案 III. 语言知识： 11. ___B_____ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot. A. Regarding B. Whatever. C. In so far as D. No matter 12. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, ____B______ the women gave a quick knock before opening it.. A. wherein B. on which C. but when D. then 13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian ______C____ with seven years’ racing experience. A. woman drivers B. women driver C. women drivers D. woman driver 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness 15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______. A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestion 16. “It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express __B_____. A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativeness 17. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that _____D______ history. A. could have later made B. should have made later C. might make later D. would later make 18. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known ___C___by microbes. A. having been created B. being created C. to have been created D. to be created 19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____A_______alone. A. would have been …had been B. should be … had been C. could be … were D. might have been… were 20. You must fire __C____ incompetent assistant of yours A. the B. an C. that D. whichever 21. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
机密★启用前 2014年广东省初中毕业生学业考试 语文 说明：1．全卷共6页，满分为120分。考试用时为120分钟。 2．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号。用2B铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑。 3．答题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目的指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．本试卷设有附加题，共10分，考生可答可不答；该题得分作为补偿分计人总分，但全卷最后得分不得超过120分。 5．考生务必保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束时，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、(24分） 1．根据课文默写古诗文。（10分） （1)人恒过然后能改，口口口口口口口口口，征于色发于声而后喻。（《孟子》两章）(1分） (2)客路青山外，口口口口口。口口口口口，风正一帆悬。（王湾《次北固山下》）(2分） (3)口口口口口口口，五十弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。（辛弃疾《破阵子》）(1分） (4)《归园田居（其三）》中，写陶渊明早出晚归，表现他闲适恬淡心境的句子是： 口口口口口，口口口口口。(2分） (5)默写李白的《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》。(4分） 口口口口口口口，口口口口口口口。口口口口口口口，口口口口口口口。 2．根据拼音写出相应的词语。(4分） (1）须晴日，看红装素裹，分外rāo yáo。( ) (2）我懂得了鸟儿如何筑巢，如何繁衍，如何随着季节的变化而qiān xǐ。( ) (3）人类的智慧与大自然的智慧相比，实在是xiāng xíng jiàn chù。( ) (4）她总是对人们微笑着，pò bù jí dài地想对人民有所贡献。( ) 3．下列句子中加点词语使用不恰当 ．．．的一项是（）(3分） A．旋风一样，是飞扬 ．．的流苏；乱蛙一样，是蹦跳的脚步；火花一样，是闪射的瞳仁。 B．母亲啊！你是荷叶，我是红莲，心中的雨点来了，除了你，谁是我在无遮拦天空下的荫蔽 ．．？ C.垃圾广告、恶意插件、暴力游戏和八卦新闻等充斥着互联网，令网民不厌其烦 ．．．．。 D.“光盘行动”、十面霾伏”等词语从众多网络新词中脱颖而出 ．．．．，获评2013年度十大新词语。 4．下列对病句的修改不正确 ．．．的一项是（）(3分） A．珠算“申遗”成功后，不少网友认为，珠算是我国古代的重大发明，是中华民族智慧的结晶，应该加以发扬和传承。（将“发扬”与“传承”互换位置） B．昆虫学家法布尔把科学和文学巧妙地结合起来，用生动形象的语言为我们刻画了一个绚丽多姿的昆虫世界。（把“刻画”改为“描绘”）
2014年专四真题 CLOZE The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became (31)____ important. Although divisions of labour had been (32)____ by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, (33)____ could now become fully realised. This specialization of labour was in (34)____ contrast to the rural means of production, in (35)____ the family was the means of production, consumption and socialization. (36)____ greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this (37)____ and changed working life forever (38)____ were the days when work was (39)____ by natural forces: steam engines were servant (40)____ neither season nor sunshine. Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more (41)____. The clocking-on machine was (42)____ in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only (43)____ twenty years later. (44)____ it was not all bad news. Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather. Factories provided (45)____ and predictable income, but long hours. Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working (46)____ was reorganised to promote ever-greater efficiency. The old (47)____ St. Monday - when no work was done - was (48)____, work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume (49)____ Monday morning. A new division between “work” and “leisure” emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the (50)____ of music hall entertainment for the new working classes. 31. A. increasingly B. surprisingly C. slowly D. obviously 32. A. contributed B. informed C. spread D. conceived 33. A. he B. it C. these D. those 34. A. clear B. marked C. apparent D. firm 35. A. that B. what C. where D. which 36. A. Upon B. Over C. With D. For 37. A. possible B. practical C. worthwhile D. useful 38. A. Passed B. Lost C. Gone D. Missed 39. A. defined B. controlled C. limited D. dictated 40. A. over B. on C. by D. to 41. A. standard B. controlled C. difficult D. dreadful 42. A. designed B. created C. invented D. bought 43. A. some B. certain C. these D. those 44. A. For B. But C. Consequently D. Accordingly 45. A. safe B. good C. continuous D. secure 46. A. week B. period C. pattern D. practice 47. A. culture B. behavior C. custom D. habit 48. A. repair B. compensate C. mend D. moderate 49. A. before B. until C. on D. after 50. A. raise B. increase C. trend D. present PART IV GRAMMARVOCABULARY [15 MIN] 51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first. A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine 52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future action? A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister. B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance. C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge. D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice. 53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object
2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试卷 2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。 that much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? My friend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.1.______ 2. ______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 2014 改错 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______ l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language? l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages? l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiritionalg ” an addi language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are
2014年深圳中考数学试卷 一、选择题 1、9的相反数（） 1 A：-9 B：9 C：±9 D： 9 答案：A 解析：考点：相反数，有理数的概念中考常规必考，多第一题。 2、下列图形中是轴对称图形但不是中心对称图形的是（） 答案：B 解析：考点：轴对称和中心对称。中考常规必考。 3、支付宝与”快的打车”联合推出优惠，”快的打车”一夜之间红遍大江南北，据统计，2014年”快的打车”账户流水总金额达到47.3亿元，47.3亿元用科学计数法表示为（） A：4.73×108B: 4.73×109 C：4.73×1010 D：4.73×1011 答案：B 解析：考点：科学计数法。中考常规必考。 4、由几个大小相同的正方形组成的几何图形如图所示，则它的俯视图为（） A B C D 答案：A 解析：考点：三视图 A：平均数3 B:众数是-2 C：中位数是1 D：极差为8 答案：D 解析：考点：数据的代表。 极差：最大值－最小值。6-（-2）=8。 平均数：（-2+1+2+1+4+6）÷6=2。 众数：1。中位数：先由小到大排列：-2,1，1,2,4,6，中间两位为1和2，则中位数计算为：（1+2）÷2=1.5. 6，已知函数y=ax+b经过（1,3）（0，-2），求a-b=（） A：-1 B：-3 C:3 D:7 答案：D 解析：考点：待定系数法求函数解析式。代入（1,3），（0,-2）到函数解析式y=ax+b得，a+b=3,b=-2，则a
=5,b=-2，a-b=7 7、.下列方程中没有实数根的是（） A、x2+4x=10 B、3x2+8x-3=0 C、x2-2x+3=0 D、(x-2)(x-3)=12 答案：C 考点：判根公式的考察：△=b2-4ac。C项中△＜0，无实数根。 8、如图，△ABC和△DEF中，AB=DE, ∠B=∠DEF，添加下列哪一个条件无法证明△ABC≌△DEF（） A、AB∥DE B、∠A=∠D C、AC=DF D、∠ACB=∠F 答案：C 考点：三角形全等的条件：SSS、SAS、AAS、ASA、HL。C项成立则为SSA，非三角形全等的判定方法。 9.袋子里有四个球，标有2,3,4,5，先抽取一个并记住，放回，然后在抽取一个，问抽取的两个数字之和大于6的概率是（） A 1/2 B 7/12 C 5/8 D 3/4 答案：C 解析：二组变量的概率计算。方法：列表法，树状图。总情况16种，大于6的情况有：2（5）；3（4、5）；4（3、4、5）；5（2、3、4、5）共10种，10/16=5/8. 10.小明去爬山，在山角看山顶的角度为30°，小明在坡比为5:12的山坡上走1300米后看山顶的角度为60°，求山高（） A 600-250 √3 B 600-250√3 C 350+350√3 D500√3 答案：B 解析：解直角三角形的实际问题。依题意CD=1300，DE：CE=5:12，则DE=500,CE=1200,设DF=x,在Rt△DFA 中，∠ADF=60°，AF=√3x，在Rt△DFA中，∠ACB=30°，AB=√3x+500，BC=1200+x，AB：BC=1：√3，解得，x = 600-250√3. 11.二次函数y=ax2+bx+c图像如图所示，下列说法正确的是（） （1）bc＞0 （2）2a-3c＜0 （3）2a+b＞0 （4）ax2+bx+c=0有两个解x1,x2,x1＞0，x2＜0 （5）a+b+c＞0 （6）当x＞1时，y随x的增大而减小。
TEXT A After breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under-masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was a quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest. The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip's clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming in their treble voices with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip's deformity. One of them invented an odd, rolling limp that struck the rest as supremely ridiculous, and several of the boys lay down on the ground and rolled about in laughter: Philip
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011) GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)__________ i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)__________ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)___________ - concept of time - belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)___________ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language
2014年中考语文试题及答案
贵州省铜仁市2014年中考 语文试题 第Ⅰ卷（每小题3分，共30分） —、（21分） 1、下列词语中加点字的读音全部正确的一项是（） A．省悟（xǐng）凝固（níng）犒赏（kào）锲而不舍（qiè） B．哺育（bǔ）贿赂（lù）症结（zhēng）飒爽英姿（shà） C．功绩（jì）星宿（sù）扼要（è）揆情度理（duó） D．谈吐（tǔ）栈桥（zhàn）对峙（shì）锐不可当（dāng） 2、下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（） A．禁锢断壁残垣按步就班粗制滥造 B．像样不可明状眼花缭乱川流不息 C．修葺绵里藏针谈笑风生销声匿迹 D．恻隐绿荫蔽日不记其数无耻谰言 3、下列句子中加点的成语使用错误的一项是（） A．今年五·一期间，风景秀丽的梵净山令国内外游人流．连忘返 ．．．。 B．日本首相安倍晋三肆无忌惮 ．．．．地参拜靖国神社，激起了亚洲各国人民的极大愤慨。 C．为了在科技比赛中体现创新精神，许多同学处心积虑 ．．．．，设计了各种造型的航空模型。 D．辛弃疾的词大多以激昂跌宕的气势和独具匠心 ．．．．的构思来抒情言志，在南宋词坛上占有重要地位。
4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（） A．大力加强未成年人思想道德，是学校、家庭、社会一 项重要而紧迫的任务。 B．语文素养是学生学好其他课程的基础，也是学生全面 发展和终身发展的基础。 C．经过全市人民的共同努力，使我市的空气质量状况有 了明显改善。 D．河水的来源除了地下水等之外，还有雨水也是它的来 源之一。 5、下列句子标点符号使用正确的一项是（） A．容不得束缚，容不得羁绊，容不得闭塞。是挣脱了， 冲破了，撞开了的那么一股劲! B．“梵天净土，桃源铜仁”。已经成为了铜仁市对外宣 传的一张名片。 C．“哎呀，真是美极了。”皇帝说：“我十分满意!” D．父亲总是要说他那句永不变更的话：“唉!如果于勒 竟在这只船上，那会叫人多么惊喜呀!” 6、下列句子顺序捧列正确的一项是（） ①一次，富兰克林买到一本《旁观者》刊物，便边读边 把几篇文章的大意摘录下来。 ②接着，就把自己写的与原文比较，发现自己的缺点， 就把它改正过来。 ③几年以后，他模拟原文的风格，写出了一篇篇文章。 ④这样下来，他不仅掌握了作者的观点，取到了“真经”，而且学到了作者的思维方法，锻炼了自己的创造力。 ⑤“不动笔墨不读书”是强化记忆、训练思维的好方法。 ⑥美国科学家富兰克林的成功就是由此开始的。 A．⑤⑥②③①④ B．④③②①⑤⑥ C．⑤⑥①③②④
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part