《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案
【Chapter1】
7．tart:loose woman bloke:fellow
gat:pistol swell:great
chicken:coward blue:fight
smoky:police full:drunk
dame:woman beaver:girl
8.haply=perhaps albeit=although
methinks=it seems to me eke=also
sooth=truth morn=morning
troth=pledge ere=before
quoth=said hallowed=holy
billow=wave/the sea bade=bid
12.
Denizens Aliens Translation loans Semantic loans
kettle die wall skirt husband confrere
pro patria
Wunderkind
mikado
parvenu
chopstick
typhoon
black humour
long time no see
dream
【Chapter2】Ex.1
The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world.It is made up of most of the languages of Europe,the Near East and India.English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary.A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.
2.Indo-European Language Family
Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English
Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish
Prussian Irish Italian German
Polish Portuguese Norweigian
Slavenian Icelandic
Russian Danish
Bulgarian Dutch
6.
When in the course of human events,it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another,and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them,a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin.
What are left are mostly functional words.This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.
8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]
falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]
saxophone[German+Greek]
heirloom[French+English]
joss house[Portuguese+English]television
[Greek+Latin]
9.
amateur(late)finacé(late)empire(early)
peace(E)courage(E)garage(L)
judgement(E)chair(E)chaise(L)
grace(E)servant(E)routine(L) jealous(E)savaté(L)genre(L) gender(E)début(L)morale(L) state(E)chez(L)ballet(L)
11.
allegro,f轻快
andante,j行板
diminuendo,g渐弱
largo,d缓慢
pianoforte,a轻转慢
alto,i女低音
crescendo,b渐强
forte,e强
piano,h轻
soprano,c女高音
12.
cherub(Hebrew)snorkel(G)
coolie(Hindi)tulip(Turk)
lasso(Sp)wok(Ch)
shampoo(Indian)chocolate(Mex)
tepee(Am Ind)jubilee(Gr)
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《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.doczj.com/doc/3618931402.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
大学物理实验教材课后思考题答案 一、转动惯量： 1．由于采用了气垫装置，这使得气垫摆摆轮在摆动过程中受到的空气粘滞阻尼力矩降低至最小程度，可以忽略不计。但如果考虑这种阻尼的存在，试问它对气垫摆的摆动（如频率等）有无影响？在摆轮摆动中，阻尼力矩是否保持不变？ 答：如果考虑空气粘滞阻尼力矩的存在，气垫摆摆动时频率减小，振幅会变小。（或者说对频率有影响， 对振幅有影响） 在摆轮摆动中，阻尼力矩会越变越小。 2．为什么圆环的内、外径只需单次测量？实验中对转动惯量的测量精度影响最大的是哪些因素？ 答：圆环的内、外径相对圆柱的直径大很多，使用相同的测量工具测量时，相对误差较小，故只需单次测 量即可。（对测量结果影响大小） 实验中对转动惯量测量影响最大的因素是周期的测量。（或者阻尼力矩的影响、摆轮是否正常、平稳的摆动、物体摆放位置是否合适、摆轮摆动的角度是否合适等） 3．试总结用气垫摆测量物体转动惯量的方法有什么基本特点？ 答：原理清晰、结论简单、设计巧妙、测量方便、最大限度的减小了阻尼力矩。 三、混沌思考题 1. 精品文档
有程序（各种语言皆可）、K值的取值范围、图 +5分 有程序没有K值范围和图 +2分 只有K值范围 +1分 有图和K值范围 +2分 2.（1）．混沌具有内在的随机性：从确定性非线性系统的演化过程看，它们在混沌区的行为都表现出随机不确定性。然而这种不确定性不是来源于外部环境的随机因素对系统运动的影响，而是系统自发 精品文档
精品文档 产生的 （2）．混沌具有分形的性质（3）．混沌具有标度不变性（4）．混沌现象还具有对初始条件的敏感依赖性：对具有内在随机性的混沌系统而言，从两个非常接近的初值出发的两个轨线在 经过长时间演化之后，可能变得相距“足够”远，表现出对初值的极端敏感，即所谓“失之毫厘，谬之千里”。 答对2条以上+1分，否则不给分，只举例的不给分。 四、半导体PN 结 （1）用集成运算放大器组成电流一电压变换器测量11610~10--A 电流，有哪些优点? 答：具有输入阻抗低、电流灵敏度高、温漂小、线性好、设计制作简单、结构牢靠等优点。 （2）本实验在测量PN 结温度时，应该注意哪些问题？ 答：在记录数据开始和结束时，同时都要记录下干井中温度θ，取温度平均值θ。 （3）在用基本函数进行曲线拟合求经验公式时，如何检验哪一种函数式拟合得最好，或者拟合的经验公式最符合实验规律？ 答：运用最小二乘法，将实验数据分别代入线性回归、指数回归、乘幂回归这三种常用的基本函数，然后求出衡量各回归方程好坏的拟合度R 2。拟合度最接近于1的函数，拟合得最好。 五、地磁场 （1）磁阻传感器和霍耳传感器在工作原理有什么区别？ 答：前者是磁场变化引起材料阻值变化，最终使得电桥外接电压转变为对应的输出电压；后者是磁场变化引起流经材料内部的载流子发生偏转而产生电压。 （2）为何坡莫合金磁阻传感器遇到较强磁场时，其灵敏度会降低？用什么方法来恢复其原来的灵敏度？ 答：传感器遇到强磁场感应时，对应的磁阻材料将产生磁畴饱和现象，外加磁场很难改变磁阻材料的
第 1 章Linux 概况 一、选择题 1、下列哪个选项不是Linux 支持的？ A. 多用户 B. 超进程 C. 可移植 D. 多进程 2、Linux 是所谓的“Free Software”，这个“Free”的含义是什么？ A. Linux 不需要付费 B. Linux 发行商不能向用户收费 C. Linux 可自由修改和发布 D.只有Linux 的作者才能向用户收费 3、以下关于Linux 内核版本的说法，错误的是？ A. 依次表示为主版本号.次版本号.修正次数的形式 B. 1.2.2 表示稳定的发行版 C. 2.2.6 表示对内核2.2 的第6 次修正 D. 1.3.2 表示稳定的发行版 4、以下哪个软件不是Linux 发行版本？ A. 红旗 Server 4 B. Solaris 10 C. RedHat 9 D. Fedora 8 5、与Windows 相比Linux 在哪个方面相对应用得较少？ A. 桌面 B. 嵌入式系统 C. 服务器 D. 集群 A6、Linux 系统各组成部分中哪一项是基础？ A．内核 B. X Window C. Shell D. Gnome B7、Linux 内核管理不包括的子系统是哪个？ A. 进程管理系统 B. 内存管理系统 C. 文件管理系统 D. 硬件管理系统 A8、下面关于Shell 的说法，不正确的是哪个？ A. 操作系统的外壳 B. 用户与Linux 内核之间的接口 C. 一种和C 类似的高级程序设计语言 D. 一个命令语言解释器 B9、以下哪种Shell 类型在Linux 环境下不能使用? A.B Shell B.K Shel C.R Shell D.Bash 10、在Linux 中把声卡当作何种设备？ A. 字符设备 B. 输出设备 C. 块设备 D. 网络设备 二、填空题 1、Linux 采用 LRU 算法（最近最少使用）算法，淘汰最近没有访问的
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
第5页做一做答案 4是24的因数，24是4的倍数。 13是26的因数，26是13的倍数。 25是75的因数，75是25的倍数。 9是81的因数，81是9的倍数。 练习二答案 1、36的因数：1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36。 60的因数：1，2，3，4，5，6，10, 12, 15,20,30,60。 2、(1)10的因数：1,2,5,10。 17的因数：1,17。 28的因数：1,2,4,7,14,28。 32的因数：1,2,4,8,16,32。
48的因数：1，2，3，4，6，8，12, 16,24,48。 (2)（答案不唯一） 4的倍数：4，8，12，16,20。 7的倍数：7,14,21,28,35。 10的倍数：10,20, 30,40,50。 6的倍数：6,12,18,24, 30。 9的倍数：9,18, 27, 36,45。 3、把5,35,10,55,60,100这6颗星星涂上黄色。 4、15的因数有1，3，5,15。 15是1,3,5,15的倍数。 5、(1)√(2)× (3)√(4)× 6、1 2 4 7、(1)18 (2)1 (3)42 8、这个数可能是3，6，21,42。
思考题 14和21的和是7的倍数； 18和27的和是9的倍数。 发现：两个数分别是一个数的倍数，这两个数的和也是这个数的倍数。第9页做一做答案 2的倍数有24，90，106，60，130，280，6018，8100。 5的倍数有35，90，15，60，75，130，280,8100。 既是2的倍数，又是5的倍数：90，60，130,280,8100。 发现：既是2的倍数，又是5的倍数的数的个位一定是0。 第10页做一做答案 3的倍数有24，96。 在24后面可放卡片：0，3，6，9。 在58后面可放卡片：2，5，8。 在46后面可放卡片：2，5，8。 在96后面可放卡片：0，3，6，9。 练习三答案 1、奇数有33，355，123，881，8089，565,677。 偶数有98，0，1000，988，3678。 2、（1）55 （2）350 （3）100
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟. 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效。试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间。超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%) 1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and “fùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______． A. sounds B．forms C. unities D．meanings 2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______． A. fire B．hot C. photoscanning D．sister 3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese? A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow. C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg. 4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______． A. Europe B．the Far East C. India D．the Near East 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary? A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B．Social, economic and political changes. C. The invasion of foreign countries. D．The influence of other cultures and languages. 6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. creation B．borrowing
习题1 1.1选择题 (1) 一运动质点在某瞬时位于矢径),(y x r 的端点处，其速度大小为 (A)dt dr (B)dt r d (C)dt r d | | (D) 22)()(dt dy dt dx [答案：D] (2) 一质点作直线运动，某时刻的瞬时速度s m v /2 ，瞬时加速度2 /2s m a ，则一秒钟后质点的速度 (A)等于零 (B)等于-2m/s (C)等于2m/s (D)不能确定。 [答案：D] (3) 一质点沿半径为R 的圆周作匀速率运动，每t 秒转一圈，在2t 时间间隔中，其平均速度大小和平均速率大小分别为 (A) t R t R 2, 2 (B) t R 2,0 (C) 0,0 (D) 0,2t R [答案：B] 1.2填空题 (1) 一质点，以1 s m 的匀速率作半径为5m 的圆周运动，则该质点在5s 内，位移的大小 是 ；经过的路程是 。 [答案： 10m ； 5πm] (2) 一质点沿x 方向运动，其加速度随时间的变化关系为a=3+2t (SI)，如果初始时刻质点的速度v 0为5m·s -1，则当t 为3s 时，质点的速度v= 。 [答案： 23m·s -1 ] (3) 轮船在水上以相对于水的速度1V 航行，水流速度为2V ，一人相对于甲板以速度3V 行走。如人相对于岸静止，则1V 、2V 和3V 的关系是 。 [答案： 0321 V V V ]
1.3 一个物体能否被看作质点，你认为主要由以下三个因素中哪个因素决定： (1) 物体的大小和形状； (2) 物体的内部结构； (3) 所研究问题的性质。 解：只有当物体的尺寸远小于其运动范围时才可忽略其大小的影响，因此主要由所研究问题的性质决定。 1.4 下面几个质点运动学方程，哪个是匀变速直线运动？ （1）x=4t-3；（2）x=-4t 3+3t 2+6；（3）x=-2t 2+8t+4；（4）x=2/t 2-4/t 。 给出这个匀变速直线运动在t=3s 时的速度和加速度，并说明该时刻运动是加速的还是减速的。（x 单位为m ，t 单位为s ） 解：匀变速直线运动即加速度为不等于零的常数时的运动。加速度又是位移对时间的两阶导数。于是可得（3）为匀变速直线运动。 其速度和加速度表达式分别为 2 2484 dx v t dt d x a dt t=3s 时的速度和加速度分别为v =20m/s ，a =4m/s 2。因加速度为正所以是加速的。 1.5 在以下几种运动中，质点的切向加速度、法向加速度以及加速度哪些为零哪些不为零？ (1) 匀速直线运动；(2) 匀速曲线运动；(3) 变速直线运动；(4) 变速曲线运动。 解：(1) 质点作匀速直线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均为零； (2) 质点作匀速曲线运动时，其切向加速度为零，法向加速度和加速度均不为零； (3) 质点作变速直线运动时，其法向加速度为零，切向加速度和加速度均不为零； (4) 质点作变速曲线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均不为零。 1.6 ｜r ｜与r 有无不同?t d d r 和d d r t 有无不同? t d d v 和t d d v 有无不同?其不同在哪里?试举例说明． 解：（1）r 是位移的模， r 是位矢的模的增量，即r 12r r ，12r r r ； （2） t d d r 是速度的模，即t d d r v t s d d . t r d d 只是速度在径向上的分量. ∵有r r ?r （式中r ?叫做单位矢），则 t ?r ?t r t d d d d d d r r r 式中 t r d d 就是速度在径向上的分量，
Unit 1 Text A Exercises 1. Reading comprehension A. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point. Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them. 2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author? According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself. 3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor? Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people. 4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not? Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace. 5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government
试题二 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example A. lewd → ignoran t B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated