定语从句
学习目标
1.定义及术语
2.比较关系词
3.区别几种句型
1.定语从句及相关概念
定语：可由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词等充当。
如果是一个句子充当定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
(1).概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
先行词关系词
(2). 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。
(3).关系词: 关系代词:that which who whom whose as 等
关系副词:when where why 等
(4).定语从句的分类：
（1）限定性定从：与先行词关系密切，必不可少,它与先行词之间无逗号。
（2）非限定性定从：是先行词的一个附加说明，去掉也不影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
He was reading a book, which was about war.
His son who works in Shanghai has come back.
His son, who works in Shanghai, has come back. ( )
(5). 各关系代词的使用方法
（ A ）who, whom, that 代替先行词指人的名或代词，who代人，在从句做主语，也可代替作宾语的whom，前不能有介词，如有介词则必用whom（指人结构：介词+whom）。
如:The girl who /that is dressed in red is my sister. (做主语)
I don’t know the man (who/whom/that) you talked with. (做宾,省)
1. Women____drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.
A. who; /
B. /; who
C. who; who
D. /; /
2. He is the only one of the students who ______a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
(B)whose指人或物，只做定语.若指物，还可用of which互换。
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.（＝her ）
Please show me the bag whose cover is red.
The boy whose father is a worker studies very hard.
The book whose cover is green belongs to me. (=of which the cover =the cover of which)
1. George Orwell, _____was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _____roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which c. of which D. what
3. Have you seen the film Titanic, ____leading actor is world-famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which
4. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____effects the people are still
Suffering.
A. that
B. whose
C. those
D. what
5. I have many friends, ____some are businessman.
A. of them
B. from which
C. who
D. Of whom
6. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students_____ Chinese in the school, most ____were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them
D. studying; of whom
(C) 关代which，that它们所代替的先行词指事物的名或代词．在从句中可做主，宾语等，that还可做表语．介词后不能跟that，而跟which.
His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health.
在限定性定从中,which和that都指物时，可通用。
This is the house which/that belongs to me.
★The city is no longer the one that it used to be. (表）
D. as指人，物. 常用固定搭配中，用在the same…as…, such… as…, as… as…, so… as…做主，宾和表语等, as不可省．“像．．．一样的／之类的”
Such men as know him praise him. /=Those who know him… ()
Such films as you describe can’t be shown at al l. ( )
I will buy the same bike as you. ( )
As is known to all, she is the best student in our class. ( )
This is the same museum that you once visited.
(E).which与as引导非限制性定从区别:
(a).as放在句末,句首和句中都可,而which引导非限定从不能放在句首.
As we know, smo king is harmful to one’s health.
(b).as引导非限从具有“正如；正像”的含义，其与主句关系是一致的，常与see，know，hear,watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等连用表看法，态度，解释或评论．
(c) as is well known as we all see
as often happens as has been said before
1) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
2) The weather turned out to be very good, ____was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
such/so…that…和such/so…as…的区别
This is such a difficult question _____no one can answer it.
This is such a difficult question ____no one can answer.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. what
定语从句和并列句的区别
1) The old man has two sons, both of ______are college students.
The old man has two sons, and both of ____are college students.
A. who
B. whom
C. them
D. they
2) _____I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at the next meeting. (05Zhejiang)
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
3) ____is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04 Beijing)
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
4) _____has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. (03 Shanghai spring)
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What
5)As a child, Jack studied in a village school，____is named after his grandfather．（2010 )
A which
B where
C what D. that
F.关副when, where, why引导定从
1)分别在从句中做时状，地状，原状.相当于“prep＋which”结构互换.
This is the office ________I worked．
I don’t kno w the reason ________he came so late.
I remember the days ____________ I was educated at that school.
1. We are living in an age _____many things are done on computer.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
2. The film brought the hours back to me ____I was taken care of in that far-away village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that
B. while
C. which
D. when
如何确定关代还是关副
我们应该如何来确定定从中的关代还是关副呢？方法很简单，那就是运用还原法。所谓还原法就是把先行词代入从句中，看它在从句中充当什么成分，作主宾表，就用关代，作状语就用关副。
例如：
I still remember the day’s ______ we spent together.
I still remember the days _____we worked together.
I don’t believe his reason ____ he was late for scho ol.
I don’t believe his reason _______he explained just.
2) ★定从中关代或关副的选用取决于先行词在定从中所充当的句子成分．
Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
Is this the museum _____the exhibition was held?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
They don’t tell me the country ____you studied last year.
They don’t tell me the country _____you paid a visit to last year.
Can you tell me the time at ______he will come back?
Do you know the room ________the president lived in when he paid a visited to our country?
Is this the factory _____you visited last year?
Is this factory _______you visited last year?
Is this the factory_____ you worked last year?
A. the one
B. the one where
C. where
D. /
(3).并非先行词表时间或地点都分别用when或where引导定从，若关系词在定从中做主语或宾语，需用which或that引导相应的定从．
Do you still remember the days _________we spent together in school?
Do you remember the farm __________we visited last year？
Do you remember the farm ___________we worked last year?
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级，the
only，the very，the last ,the same修饰时，用that
The first English novel that I read was Tom Sawyer.
This is one of the most exciting football games that Ｉhave ever seen.
(3) 先行词既指人，又指物，作主或宾语(作宾可省）只能用that
They talked about the teachers and things (that) they remembered in the school.
做题技巧?
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
4. After graduation she reached a point in her career____ she needed to decide what to do. (07Jxi)
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
5. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _____other
visitors seldom go. (02 Beijing)
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when
6. I walked in our garden; _____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (05Liaoning)
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
3) ★定从中关代或关副的选用取决于先行词在定从中所充当的句子成分．
1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
2)Is this the museum _____the exhibition was held?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
3)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where
B who
C which
D what
4)The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
考点一、where 的用法
1.如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part,
condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 或in which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
eg I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
1. We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____we must insist on.
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. /
考点二、when 的用法
1. It was October_____we met in Shanghai for the first time.
2. It was in October_____we met in Shanghai for the first time.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. while
3. I will never forget the day’s ___________ I spent with your family.
注:当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,不能用when
考点三：介词+关系词
1. Do you know the boy __________ ___________ your mother is talking?
2. I still remember the day ___________ ______________ I first got to Paris.
3. He gave me some novels _____________ ______________ I am not very familiar.
4. He gave me some novels ____________ _____________ I am not very familiar with.
5. I recognized the boss __________company my sister was working.
考点四：as的用法
as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test; _____ surprised everybody in the office.