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17学年上学期高一第一次周考物理试题(附答案)

17学年上学期高一第一次周考物理试题(附答案)
17学年上学期高一第一次周考物理试题(附答案)

衡阳八中2016年下期高一年级第1次周考试卷

物理(试题卷)

注意事项:

1.本卷共12题,满分110分,考试时间为60分钟。

2.考生领取到试卷后,应检查试卷是否有缺页漏页,重影模糊等妨碍答题现象,如有请申请调换试卷。

3.请考生将答案填写在答题卡上,选择题部分请用2B铅笔填涂,非选择题部分请用黑色0.5mm签字笔书写。考试结束后,试题卷与答题卡一并交回。

★祝考生考试顺利★

一.选择题。(每题6分,共48分。在每题后面的四个选项中,至少有一个是正确的)

1.下列有关质点的说法中正确的是

A.只有质量和体积都极小的物体才能视为质点

B.研究一列火车过铁路桥经历的时间时,可以把火车视为质点

C.研究自行车的运动时,因为车轮在不停地转动,所以在任何情况下都不能把自行车作为质点

D.虽然地球很大,还在不停地自转,但是在研究地球的公转时,仍然可以把它视为质点2.如图,物体从A运动到C,以下说法正确的是

A.经1从A运动到C的位移最小

B.经2从A运动到C的位移是曲线

C.经3从A运动到C的位移最大

D.无论从那条运动,位移都相同

3.如图所示,物体沿曲线轨迹的箭头方向运动,AB、ABC、ABCD、ABCDE四段曲线轨迹运动所用的时间分别是:1 s,2 s,2.5 s,3s.下列说法正确的是

A.物体在AB段的平均速度大小为1 m/s

B.物体在ABC段的平均速度大小为m/s

C.AB段的平均速度比ABC段的平均速度更能反映物体处于A点时的瞬时速度

D.物体在AB段的平均速度与ABCDE段的平均速度相同

4.一人晨练,按图所示走半径为R的中国古代八卦图,中央S部分是两个直径为R的半圆,BD、CA分别为西东、南北指向.他从A点出发沿曲线ABCOADC行进,则当他到D点时,他的路程和位移大小及位移的方向分别为

A.2πR R向西南

B.4πR 2R向东南

C.2.5πR R向东南

D.3πR R向西北

5.如图所示是汽车的速度计,某同学在汽车中观察速度计指针位置的变化.开始时指针指示在如图甲所示位置,经过8s后指针指示在如图乙所示位置,若汽车做匀加速直线运动,那么它的加速度约为

A.11 m/s2

B.5.0 m/s2

C.1.4 m/s2

D.0.6 m/s2

6.一个质点做方向不变的直线运动,加速度的方向始终与速度方向相同,但加速度大小逐渐减小直至为零,则在此过程中

A.速度逐渐减小,当加速度减小到零时,速度达到最小值

B.速度逐渐增大,当加速度减小到零时,速度达到最大值

C.位移逐渐增大,当加速度减小到零时,位移将不变

D.位移逐渐减小,当加速度减小到零时,位移达到最小值

7.一物体做直线运动,前一半路程的平均速度是v1,后一半路程的平均速度是v2.此物体在全过程的平均速度

A.等于v1

B.等于v2

C.等于

D.等于

8.下列关于物体是否可以看做质点的说法正确的有

A.研究奥运游泳冠军叶诗文的游泳技术时,叶诗文不能看成质点

B.研究飞行中直升飞机上的螺旋桨的转动情况时,直升飞机可以看做质点

C.观察航空母舰上的舰载飞机起飞时,可以把航空母舰看做质点

D.在作战地图上确定航空母舰的准确位置时,可以把航空母舰看做质点

二.非选择题(共62分)

9.(本题满分12分)以下列出了“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”实验的操作步骤代号,按实验的合理顺序进行排列,操作顺序是、、、、、、

A.把穿过打点计时器的纸带固定在小车后面

B.把打点计时器固定在附有滑轮的木板的一端,并连接好电路

C.换上新纸带,重做实验

D.把附有滑轮的木板放在实验桌上,并使滑轮伸出桌面

E.使小车停在靠近打点计时器处

F.接通电源,待打点计时器的振动达到稳定,释放小车,让小车开始运动

G.把一条细绳栓在小车上,细绳跨过滑轮,使细绳与木板平行,下面吊上适当的钩码.

10.(本题满分16分)在相距12km的公路两端,甲、乙两人同时出发相向而行,甲的速率是5km/h,乙的速率是3km/h,有一只小狗以6km/h的速率,在甲乙出发的同时,由甲处跑向乙,在途中与乙相遇,立即返回跑向甲,遇到甲后,又立即跑向乙,如此在甲、乙之间往返跑动,直至甲乙相遇。问小狗跑过的路程是多少?位移是多少?

11.(本题满分16分)某汽车做变速直线运动,10s内速度从5m/s增加到25m/s,求汽车在这段运动中的加速度的大小和方向?以该速度行驶一段时间后,如果遇到紧急情况刹车,2s

内汽车的速度均匀减为零,求这个过程中加速度的大小和方向.

12.(本题满分18分)假期中小芳乘坐火车外出旅游,当火车在一段平直轨道上匀加速行驶时,她用身边的器材测出火车的加速度.小芳的测量过程如下:她一边看着窗外每隔100m 的路标,一边用手表记录着时间.她观测到她所在车厢从经过第一根路标到经过第二根路标的时间间隔为12s,从经过第一根路标到经过第三根路标的时间间隔为22s.请

你根据她的测量情况,求:

(1)火车的加速度大小

(2)火车经过第三根路标时的速度大小

衡阳八中2016年下期高一年级第1次周考物理参考答案

选择题

非选择题

9.D、A、B、E、G、F、C

10.9km; 7.5km

11.汽车在这段运动中的加速度的大小为2m/s2,方向与速度方向相同,刹车过程中加速度大小为﹣12.5 m/s2,方向与速度方向相反.

设物体速度方向为正方向,则加速度,加速度方向与速度方向相同,

刹车过程中,加速度,加速度方向与速度方向相反.

答:汽车在这段运动中的加速度的大小为2m/s2,方向与速度方向相同,刹车过程中加速度大小为﹣12.5 m/s2,方向与速度方向相反.

12.(1)火车从第一根路标到第二根路标的过程,位移为s1=100m,时间为t1=12s,中间时刻速度,火车经过第二根路标到经过第三根路标的过程,位移为s2=100m,时间为t2=10s,中间时刻速度,则,解得a=0.152m/s2(2)由运动学公式得,火车经过第三根路标时速度,解得v3=10.8m/s

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