2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——动词的时态和语态内容解读
1．高考考查的八种动词时态是：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦过去完成时；⑧过去将来时。
2．容易混淆的三组动词时态是：①一般过去时和现在完成时；②一般过去时和过去完成时；③过去完成时与现在完成时。
3．各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。
能力解读
1．了解动词时态的时、体概念；
2．了解常考八种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用八种时态进行交际；
3．能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法；
4．掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用；
①分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, exist 等，它们不能用被动语态；
②分清主语与谓语之间的关系；
③变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢；
④熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。
规律方法
1．试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”（如状语从句、宾语从句等）转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占有一定比例）多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，体现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变人命题原则。
2．题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”。
3．试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来相互干扰。
命题趋势
毫无疑问，对于动词时态的考查仍交进高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。
突破方法
1．学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言，一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了解了八种时态的一些常见规则之后，要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态的语态的。其实，教材中每单元第一课的情景对话，是领司时态用法真谛的最佳语言材料。
2．答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。如第10题目中的haven’t said, Do, I’m, sooner, think, it’s 等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。
3．解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：
①这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？
②这个动作处于什么状态，是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
（第4题中的rapidly 是个很关键的信息词）
③这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。
知识清单
清单一动词的时态
一、时态的概念
时态是一种动词形式，它是“时”和“体”的组合。“时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分；“体”有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间，表现四种不同的“体”，每一种“时+体”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有（4×4）十六种时态，高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。
二、一般体、进行体、完成体的含义
一向指某动作既不正在进行又不确定完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。进行指一种持续性的、未完成的动作。动词的进行时还伴有其他一些意义，如：有限度的延续性、感情色彩、同时性、描述的生动性、强调性等。完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前，但动作发生的时间总是未经明确指出的。通过例句体会它们的含义差别：
The teacher writes his own notes. （现在习续性动作）
The teacher is writing his notes now. （暂时的还在进行的动作）
The teacher has already written his notes. （现在已经完成的动作）
Xiao Wang comes late often. （现在经常性的动作）
Xiao Wang is always coming late. （带有不满的色彩）
I read a book yesterday evening. （在过去时间的动作）
I was reading a book yesterday evening. （过去时间未完成的持续动作）
I have read the book. （现在已经读完那本书了）
She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑剔别人的毛病。
He is constantly leaving things about. 他总是丢三拉四。
I am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能来和我们一起吃晚饭。（比如I hope…语气更委婉）
She has been saying that twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2．一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。
3．比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：
He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事）
He has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）
He wrote many plays when he was at college.
他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）
He has written many plays.
他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）
I saw Hero last year.
去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）
I have seen Hero before.
我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）
四、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。
2．过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of…, before 2000, by the time +句子等。
五、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
1．两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。
2．比较下面的说法
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）
She has been ill for a week.
她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）
六、动词时态的一些典型用法
1．在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，在no matter what /who / which / when / where / how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will / shall / can / must ）或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：
①I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
②The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.
③—Can I join your club, Dad ?
—You can when you get a bit older.
④If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
⑤Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
2．would 与used to
①would 与used to 都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：
When we were boys we used to / would go swimming every summer.
小时候，每天夏天我们都要去游泳。
He used to . would spend every penny he earned on books.
过去他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书了。
②would 之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used to 则无此限制。如：
I used to like football when I was at middle school.
He used to be nervous in the exam.
③would 表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would, 只能用used to。如：
And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone, Mother would disappear into he sewing room to practice.
从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）
I used to live in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）
④used to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would 则只表示说话者对过去一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：
People used to believe that the earth was flat.
过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.
过去他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）
3．be +动词不定式
①表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：
When are you to leave for two days to New York ?
你什么时候去纽约？
She is to get married next month. 她下个月结婚。
这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即使中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。例如：
I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。
We were to have told you, but you were not in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
②表示“指令”，相当于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：
You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。
What is to be done ? 应该怎么办呢？
This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 这种药一天要服三次。
The books in this room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustn’t be taken outside.) 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
③表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：
If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.
如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
④用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：
Am I to go on with the work ? 要我继续这项工作吗？
What are we to do next ? 我们下一步该怎么办？
⑤在与be 连用的结构中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。例如：
The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
He is nowhere to be seen. 在哪里也见不到他。
You are to be congratulated. 应当向您表示祝贺。
4．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
×He has come to Beijing since last year.
√He has lived in Beijing since last year.
×He has joined the army for 3 years.
√He has served in the army for 3 years.
√He joined the army 3 years ago.
√He has been a soldier for 3 years.
√It is 3 years since he joined the army.
√He has joined the army. 他已参军了。
常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin /start, return / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。
5．语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：
①—Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.
—Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.
②Your phone number again ? I didn’t quite catch it.
③—Nancy is not coming tonight.
—But she promised !
6．表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：
I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.
我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
I had thought you would come tomorrow.
我愿以来你明天才来呢。
7．某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
①This / It is the first / second…time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
②It is / has been + 一段时间+ since 从句。since 从句中用过去完成时。如：
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
③be about to do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
④be (was /were) + doing… when…意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
⑤Hardly had…done…when… ; No sooner had…done…than…
when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥It + be + 一段时间+ before 从句
这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)
It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
8．高考对于进行体的常考点
①一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.
The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.
②表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：
—Have you moved into the new house ?
—Not yet. The rooms are being painted.
I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
③表示计划、安排要做的事。如：
I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum.
—What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
—I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower.
④表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如：
I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just starting into space.
I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
—Is this raincoat yours ? —No, mine is hanging there behind the door.
—Hey, look where you are going ! —Oh, I’m terribly sorry, I wasn’t noticing.
清单二主动和被动
一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态
That old man was often laughed at.
那位老人常受人嘲笑。
The doctor has been sent for.
已经派人请大夫去了。
Time must be made good use of.
时间一定要充分利用。
The plan will be given up.
那计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。
（在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，关于这类及物性质的短语动词请看专题五）
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
计划必须尽早执行。
（谓语结构是：情态动词+be +过去分词）
二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：
She got married last week. 她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week. 那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。
He fell off the car and got killed. 他从车上摔下来，摔死了。
三、主动形式表被动意义
1．系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：
The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be) practical.
It has gone bad.
2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.
3．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：
This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。
Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。
The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。
This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。
His book does not sell. 他的书没有销路。
Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。
This lock won’t catch. 这锁锁不上。
The match won’t catch. 火柴擦不着。
The plan worked out wonderfully. 这计划制定得很好。
The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转。
The engine won’t start. 引擎发动不起来。
This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。
The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。
4．少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。如：
The books are printing. 这本书正在排印中。
The neat is cooking. 肉在煮。
5．介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
常见的有：under control (受控制)，under treatment (在治疗中)，under repair (在修理中)，under discussion (在讨论中)，under construction (在施工中)，beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach (鞭长莫及)，beyond one’s control (无法控制)，beyond our hope (我们始料不及)，for sale (出售)，for rent (出租)，in print (在印刷中)，in sight (在视野范围内)，on sale (出售)，on show (展出)，on trial (受审)，out of control (控制不了)，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach (够不着)，out of fashion (不流行)。如：
The building is under construction (is being constructed).
The rumor is beyond belief ( = can’t be believed ).
His honest character is above all praise. ( = His honest character cannot be praised enough.)
That house is for sale. ( = That house is to be sold.)
The book is not yet in print ( = is not yet printed ).
Today some treasures are on show in the museum ( = are being showed).
The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled).
He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.
6．不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。如：
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
小试牛刀
1. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose
B. will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
2. I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I ______ my mum.
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
3. A new cinema ______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is built
C. has been built
D. is being built
4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. is changing
B. has changed
C. will have changed
D. will change
5. I _____ Ping –pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. played
B. will play
C. have played
D. play
6. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requested
7. John and I _____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
8. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
9. —How are the team playing ?
—They are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt.
A. got
B. gets
C. are
D. were
10. —You haven’t said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ?
—I’m sorry, I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying
B. don’t say
C. won’t say
D. didn’t say
11. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written
B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write
D. hadn’t written
12. My uncle ______ until he was forty –five.
A. married
B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying
D. would marry
13. —When will you come to see me, Dad ?
—I will go to see you when you _____ the training course.
A. will have finished
B. will finish
C. are finishing
D. finish
14. —How long _____ at this job ?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
15. With the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years.
A. spreads
B. has spread
C. spread
D. had spread
16. The silence of the library _____ only by the sound of pages being turned over.
A. has been broken
B. breaks
C. broke
D. was broken
17. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _____.
A. has grown
B. is growing
C. grew
D. had grown
18. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed
19. —Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to …
—Don’t call me ―Joe‖. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it !
A. do
B. didn’t
C. did
D. don’t
20. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly
B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly
D. we’re to fly
21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
A. had known
B. knew
C. have known
D. know
22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.
A. doesn’t mention
B. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention
D. hasn’t mentioned
23. No one in the department but Tom and I _____ that the director is going to resign.
A. knows
B. know
C. have known
D. am to know
24. Although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression.
A. hadn’t left
B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave
D. hasn’t left
25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _____ on TV all day long.
A. has been
B. bad been
C. was
D. will be
26. —Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I ?
—You _____ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A. had said
B. said
C. were saying
D. had been saying
27. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so iey.
A. wouldn’t expect
B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected
D. wasn’t expecting
28. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !
A. had fallen asleep
B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep
D. fall asleep
29. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions.
A. will never reach
B. have never reached
C. never reach
D. never reached
30. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I _____ half of it.
A. was missing
B. had missed
C. will miss
D. missed
31. —What’s that terrible noise ?
—The neighbors _____ for a party.
A. have prepared
B. are preparing
C. prepare
D. will prepare
32. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. has been completed
D. is going to consider
33. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
A. has been completed
B. has completed
C. will have been completed
D. will have completed
34. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
35. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
—I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower.
A. had started
B. started
C. have started
D. was starting
36. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _____ increased enormously ever since.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. had been
37. The crazy fans ______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would wait
38. She _____ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A. would change
B. has changed
C. changed
D. was changing
39. All the employees except the manager _______ to work online at home.
A. encourages
B. encourage
C. is encouraged
D. are encouraged
40. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh, I ________ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting
B. had waited
C. am waiting
D. have waited
41. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ______ 50 million.
A. have reached
B. has reached
C. are reaching
D. had reached
42. The discussion _______ alive when an inter esting topic was brought in.
A. was coming
B. had come
C. has come
D. came
43. Because the shop ________ , all the T –shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed down
B. closed down
C. is closing down
D. had closed down
44. More patients _______ in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
45. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin
B. began
C. have begun
D. had begun
46. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.
A. will often see
B. often see
C. are often seeing
D. have often seen
47. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice ! Do you know when she _______.
A. was leaving
B. had left
C. has left
D. left
48. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.
A. saw
B. has seen
C. sees
D. had seen
49. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding ?
—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding ?
A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
50. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1874–1931) _______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be
B. has been
C. had been
D. was
51. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade
B. will persuade
C. be persuaded
D. are persuaded
52. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It ______ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
53. —Has Sam finished his homework today ?
—I have no idea. He ______ it this morning.
A. did
B. has done
C. was doing
D. had done
54. I _____ you not to move my dictionary –now I can’t find it.
A. asked
B. ask
C. was asking
D. had asked
55. According to the art dealer, the painting ______ to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected
B. expects
C. expected
D. is expecting
答案与解析
1.B此题是在if引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故B 最佳。
2、A 这晨用take的进行时表将来的含义。
3、D 由后一句可知这项工程还没有完成，故应在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故选D。
4、A 题干中主句为Selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,谓语动词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，使用的是一般现在时态（…is no easy task）;后面的状态从句（because…）中则说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”，应采用现在进行时：（technology）is changing(so rapidly).现在进行时态在此表
示了一种“持续变化”的状态，体现了“变化、趋势、发展和进展”（Collins COBULLD ENGLISH GRAMMAR），类似用法又如：His handwriting is improving.
World energy demand is increasing at a rate of about3% per year.
5、D 题干后的分句（but…）为转折语气，并在句中使用了现在完成时态（I haven’t had time to play）,表示自从new year以来一直没有打过乒乓球，由此可以排除选项B（will play）、C（have played）.由此推断前一人句中所说状态为“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，则空中应该使用一般现在时态表达这一时间概念。
6、D 句意为：参观者被要求不触摸展品。所以应该用被动形式。
7、D第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用（for eight years）;第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见过，上是“过去的过去”的一个动作，帮选D。
8、C 从上下文可知，Ted已经死了，属于过去发生的事情，对于动词kill来讲，应是被动关系，故选C。
9、A 由题中所设语境可知，一句队员受伤应是过去的动作，故选A。
10、D从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事（you haven’t said a word…）此对话中，Brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意；sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。
此处仍应使用表示过去行为的简单过去时，与后面句子中的现在时态（I certainly think…）形成对照。其余选项所给时态…hasn’t written us recently。
11、A 前句中recently与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示：We should have heard from her by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事，用现在完成时态：…hasn’t written us recently.
12、B marry是终止性动词，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五岁才结婚。”
13、D when从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。
14、B答语中的since1990是关键信息。
15、B 时间状语in the past five years与现在时间有关。
16、D图书馆的安静被打破，故须用被动语态；情景中找不出与现在有关的时间信息，故A是错误的。
17、C grow与as从句里的wait发生。题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：All morning as she waited…，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为（her nervousness “grow”）与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。
本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除；D项（had grown）过去完成
时态，应用于表示过去特定时间之前的行为，与语境不符，也可排除。
18、B stay这晨是系动词的用法，不用被动形式。
根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词fresh判断，选项所给动词stay为系动词（=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——COLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY）, 因此，很容易排除A项（系动词不可能使用权用被动语态）；从句意看，说话人向对方提出建议（Why don’t you…？），然后阐明依据（the meat will…），应该是stay 的一般形式，而不会是进行式（C 项be staying）或完成式（D项have stayed）。
stay的这一用法在中学教材里不大见到，因而本题对于一些缺乏阅读并死记语法的考生会有一定难度。
19、D注意Mr Parker 这里针对的是“Sorry , joe”这件事，而不是“I didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此时此刻”发生的，故应用一般现在时。句意：你应称呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧！题干选材为大小对话形式，语境完整，前者向 Joe道歉，后者（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，认为称呼自己为Joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千对方，语气非常严厉。
D on’t you forget it！=Don’t forget it！
此处理解语义需要考虑到文化背景：不同对象与关系的称呼是不同的，要求别人称呼自己Mr…，说明要将与对方的关系拉开，或者认为在此场合应该如此称呼。由此而知，设空中为否定语义。然后从时间情况考虑，应为此时此刻对别人提出的要求，选择D项。
表示指令和要求的祈使句有时可以保留主语（Directives with a subject）,这类主语一般都是第二人称，表示说话人的强烈不满。
20、B at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间，故用来将进行时。
21、A 在Ｔhe news came 之前我就已经知道，故用将来进行时。
22、C but连接的并列句，时态与thought一致。
23、A句子的主语是no one,谓语动词应当用单数。
24、D although从句中的has lived是非常重要的时间住处说话的人的意思是：虽然他与我们一起生活多年（从过去到现在），但他没有给我们留下多少印象。所以，这里使用C项是不恰当的。
25、A根据can的形式（而不是could）可以判断，这里并不是谈论纯粹的过去或过去的过去，但显然也不是将来时间。
26、C 语境中暗含着一个时间信息：当我打断你说话的时候。
27、C arrive是关键信息：（我在出发之前）没有预料到路会这么滑。这里谈论的显然是过去（started）的过去（had expected）.
28、C根据woke(wake 的过去式)可以判断，这里谈论的与“现在”无关，因此可以排除B和D两项。I是在读书期间睡着的（while reading）,而不是在之前睡着的，所以A项也是不恰当的。
29、A 句意：请不要偏离话题，不然的话，我们就不会取胜得决定。祈使句与and 或or 连用是常见的说法，又如：Turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左转，你就会找到那个书店里。Listen to me or you will never succeed.听我的话，否则，你不会成功的。同时在谈到will do和be going to do 表示将来的区别时，will表意愿和既时的将来，而后者表示计划的或有迹象的将来。例如：
Give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him.
—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?
—I was going to ,but my wife returned.
30、D 句意：（当时）我并没有注意他说的话，所以（现在）我觉得他讲的话一半我没有听到。题干句中透圳出时间信息的三个地方：wasn’t ,was saying和I’m afraid是做出选择的重要依据。
31、B 根据题意先排除D 项，因为回答方要说明书现在的情况；A项have prepare说明已经准备好，C项prepare是目前的习惯性动作，B项瑞在进行时表示动作的示完性。因此B 项为最佳答案。
32、B 句意：因为Lucy失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现在还没决定。根据题意说话者在说现在的情况，因此排除了A、C、D三项，B飞行员现在完成进行时，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑”这个动作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。
33、C 句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林区克建筑将于2006年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态，很显然本题应该用被动语态，因此排除B、D根据时间状语by2006，应选择将来完成时，因此选C。
34、A本题考查时态及主谓一致两个语未能项目。根据主谓一致原则，应排除B项，因为本句的主语是the teacher,为单数第三人称；此外根据时间状语从句when the earthquake struck 很容易看出答案是A 项.
35、D问句部的是过去的事情，所以应首先排除C项，因为C项是现在时；问句部的是当一天和尚撞一天钟Tony给你打电话时你在干啥，所以答语用过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作非常恰当。
36、C根据“they would wait…”可知，他们当时还在等，用过去完成时强调“等待”这一动作从过去开始，一直延续到过去，而且还要延续下去。
38、C根据连词before 和该从句中的came, 应该选过去时态，而排除其他选项。
39、D句子的主语是all the employees,所以谓语动词应当复数：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，结合句意，显然应当用被动语态。句意：所有廖雇员（除经理之外）都被提倡在家在线工作。
40、A本题考查了主谓一致。此题的前半部分使用现在完成时，中间使用that is作为插入语，连接前后两句话，因此选项AO GHDQTWPV。
42、D、come alive活过亚，充满生机，时态就与从句保持一致。
43、C close down（企业，工厂）关闭，此处是不及物的。句意：因这家商店即将关闭，所有的T恤衫都以半价出售。
44、D病人被治疗，又有时间this year，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
45、B因when引导的是一个非限制性的定语从句，其先行词是1990s，指过去的一个时间，故应用过去式began.
46、A 此处will为情态动词，而非将来时态的助动词。句意为：打开报纸或杂志，你肯定会经常看到……
47、D 因上文说过，Jane已经走了(has gone),所以离开这一动作、应是过去基本一时间发生的。
48、D此句的意思是：他一直看着她，不知是否在什么地方见过她。句中的kept looking at her这一动作应是过去某一时间发生的。
49、C 过去完成时的被动式，婚礼举行是last week, 我有被邀请是在婚礼举行之前，所以是过去的过去。在动词的时态和语态考题中，老先生应该道德根据语言环境判断是主动还是被动以缩小选择范围，然后再判断动词的时态形式。
50、D爱迪生已经于1931年去世，所以“爱迪生是世界上最重要的发明家”是一个纯过去的叙述，与现在时间没有关系。
51、D 根据选项中persuade这个词是及物动词这一点，就可以排除A和B，因为我们经常说persuade sb, to do sth然而题干中没有它的宣宾语，所以应该用被动语态。主句为将来时，if从句应该用现在时表示将来。
52、D根据题意，窗户就被擦，应该用被动语态，所以排除A、B两C、D两项是全是被动语态，但时态不一致。一般过去进和现在完成时的区别恰恰是中学生的一项难点。一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在无任何影响；而现在完成时跨在两个时间之上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，而这种影响却往往是说话者的关注所在，所以这个意义上的现在完成时一般后面不加时间状语。如：I have finished reading this book ,so I can return it.另外，现在完成时还表示一个动作或行为开始于过去，持续到现在甚至到将来，本用法就是该题所考查的内容。即窗户从过去某一时间以现在一直未擦过，所以很脏。
53、C根据后面时间状语this morning可判断为过去时，排除B；进行体表示“示完成性，暂时性，感情色彩”。结合上句，不知道Sam是否做完，所以C 项是最佳答案。
54、A根据题意，应是过去的事，因此应该用过去时，排除B项，C项过去进行时表示过去“未完成性”，D项had asked表示过去的过去，都不符合本题要求。本题表示：过去我（反复）告诉你不要动我的词典，（但你动了词典）现在（我）找不着了。
55、A此句中the painting和谓语expect为被动关系，句意为：据那位艺术品经营商讲，这幅画有望增值至少一百万美元。类似的结构有：It’s said’/reported/known/understood…that从句，有消息说，有报道，不言而喻等。同义转换为sth. is said/ reported/known+不定式。例如：It’s said that she has been studying abroad for two years.=She is said to have been studying abroad for two years. It’s reported that Jay Zhou is reported to hold
a solo concert in Beijing next month.
自我检测（一）
1. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ____ her before.
A. never saw
B. had never seen
C. never sees
D. has never seen
2. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ______ ?
A. Has it all been finished
B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished
D. Did it all finish
3. the hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers.
A. was reported
B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
4. The coffee is wonderful ! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before.
A. was having
B. have
C. have ever had
D. had ever had
5. —Did you tell Julia about the resulh ?
—Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her new.
A. will be calling
B. will call
C. call
D. am to call
6. He ______ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15 .
A. has learned
B. would have learned
C. learned
D. had learned
7. Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they ______ today.
A. aren’t; are
B. aren’t; were
C. weren’t; were
D. were n’t; were
8. —Why did you leave that position ?
—I _____ a better position at IBM.
A. offer
B. offered
C. am offered
D. was offered
9. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave
B. leaves
C. will have left
D. left
10. More than a dozen students in that school ______ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent
B. were sent
C. had sent
D. had been sent
11. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work
B. working
C. is working
D. are working
12. —What’ wrong with year coat ?
高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 构成： 谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done 何为现在？ 无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。 一般现在：等于常态 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征 This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作 I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作 Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事 奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。
何为过去？ 只能发生或存在于过去，不能跟现在产生任何关系。如果跟现在产生联系的话，那么它的概念就应该是现在时而不是过去。 构成： 谓语动词：did 被动语态：was/were+done George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't. 乔治说他第二天会到学校来看我，但是他没来。 现在完成：用过去的事说现在。 构成： 谓语动词～Have done/Has done 系动词～ Have been /Has been 被动语态～Have been done/Has been done 我们用以下两种方式来说明： 第一：如果一个动作到现在为止，他已经结束了，那么这个动作一定是发生在过去。 第二：如果这个动作在过去发生的某一段时间之内，就结束了，他的动作没有延续到现在，但是它的影响是持续到现在的，于是与现在产生了关联，那就是说这是过去的动作对现在造成了影响。 从以上的描述我们可以总结出关于完成时态的两个要点： 过去的动作对现在造成了影响 过去的动作持续到现在 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa. Well,it wasn't me,I didn't do it. 看，有人把沙发清洗了。 嗯，不是我弄的，我没做这件事。 过去的动作或状态持续到现在 I remember you were a talented pianist in college.Can you play the piano for me? Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years. 我记得你上大学的时候特别有钢琴天赋。你能为我演奏钢琴吗？
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 （200 2 全国高考题）—You haven ' t said a word about my new c，oaBt renda.Do you like it? —I ' m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it s pretty on A. wasn ' t saying B.don ' t say C.won' t say D.didn ' t say 2. ______________________________________ （2002全国高考题）I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn ' t written B.doesn 't write C.won' t write D.hadn ' t written 3. （2003北京春季高考题）—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. A. will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4. ____________________________________ （2003北京春季高考题）—How long at this job? —Since 1990. A. were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5. __________________________________________________________________ （2003上海春 季高考题）By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _________________ in Beijing. A. ________________________________ would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6. ________________________________ （2002北京高考题）The little girl _ her heart out because she _______________________ her toy bear and believed she wasn ' t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7. （2002北京高考题）—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8. ______ （2002上海高考题）He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9. ____________________________________________ （2002上海高考题）I feel it is your husband who __________________________________ for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10. _____________________________________________________________ He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still __________________________ . A.has been B.does C.has D.is
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句： 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语） 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．现在进行时的结构：. 肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
动词时态和语态练习题 1. We _____ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 2. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _____ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _____. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.
时态语态 （一）时态 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning. 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east. 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football. 4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging. 5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad. 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 . 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus. 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy. 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. 3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do” 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week. 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用） 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism. 3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式 现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for 15 years. 3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事eg: He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用。“in the pass/ last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。 have gone to 表示人在去所指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到过所指的地方，但现在不在所指地方。 过去完成时表示：1.过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况eg: Marx had learned some English before he came to London. 2.过去某动作前已发生的另一动作eg: The train had left when I got to the station. 3.始于过去持续至过去灵异事件，也许仍将延续下来的动作eg: He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 4.过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望（只限于 think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose, wish, want等动词）eg: I had planned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。 Before，after 本身“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如“He (had) left before I arrived” （二）被动语态 1.被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主动的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：
课题 :动词的时态语态 2011年高考真题 1. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense— so many things will have changed by next year. (全国 I. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite. (全国卷 I A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be 3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there. (全国卷 I A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 4. Experiments of this kind _____in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 5. Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months. (北京卷 A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 6. - Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _________?(北京卷 A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving 7. ----That must have been a long trip. ---Yeah, it __________ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking 8. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later. (上海卷 A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 9. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (上海卷
高考英语专题复习：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多 用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. （2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。 ①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
动词时态和语态 河北定兴中学张春青 简介：本资料共分两部分，第一部分是2007年高考题目，第二部分是2003—2006年题目 共164题。附答案 一、2007高考题目 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She ______TV with me in my home then.