基础英语3期末复习材料
Unit5
Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
1.It is generally considered unethical for physicians to advertize.(ethics)
2.The young actor was requested to speak in a feigned voice.(feign)
3.We must be unsparing in our criticism of arms trade.(spare)
4.Her hard experience has not coarsened her or made her cynical.(cynicism)
5.Most shops are shut down during this confoundedly hot spell.(confound)
6.The availability of credit lubricated the channels of trade.(lubricant)
7.The ropes were entangled so Johnny was not able to untie the parcel.(tangle)
8.Willful people cannot tolerate the slightest frustration of their wishes.(will)
Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.
1.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret."
十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有是他们十分纠结或者后悔。
2.Despite these admission, 91percent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character."
尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意。”
3.Surely, these "nice lies"are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant.
这些善意的谎言无疑是好意的，也是社会必要的润滑剂。
4.And if you`re not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends."
如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则“拿不准的时候就说实话，这会使迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。”
Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.
1、当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯（feign）
Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating about what to do.
2、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩（prevarication）
Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.
3、真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见（ubiquitous）
Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.
4、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满（profess）
Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens. 5、一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurt out）
On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.
6、你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断（warp）
You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.
7、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络（a tangled web）Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.
8、他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦（spare）
He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.
Unit8
Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
1.The main beneficiaries of the Hope Project are poverty-stricken children living in remote areas,(benefit)
2.Traditional herbal medicine is said to have less undesirable said effects.(desire)
3.The cold wind drove the snow almost horizontally at the soldiers marching in the wilderness.(horizon)
4.American Indians are now proud to be the descendants of North America`s first inhabitants.(descend)
5.The southern regions have increasingly relied on foreign investment(increase)
6.This philosophical essay is beyond my daughter`s capacity.(philosophy)
7.Calm down! Let`s not be unduly worried.(due)
8.In test theory, standardization refers to measurements or assessments conducted under exact specified, and repeatable condition.(standard)
Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.
1.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative in wisdom.
大多数人或许都会同意,虽然我们所处的时代在知识积累方面远远超过以往任何时代,但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长.
2.This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world.
它产生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最为稠密的地区,食品供应短缺,生活水平下
降.
3.It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feeling are narrow.
有些人知识渊博而情感狭隘,这绝不少见.
4.No one can view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyone could, he would hardly be able to remain alive.
没有人能够毫无偏见地看待世界,若有的话,他将难以活下去.
Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.
1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料（surpass）
The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.
2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题（take account of）
We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we may meet.
3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一（contribute to）
The fine weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.
4.巴西球员球星罗纳尔多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球（spectacular）
Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in the 2002 World Cup.
5.罗伯特?弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位（confer…upon）
Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his great contributions to poetry.
6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力（emancipation from…）
Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.
7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去（instill）
They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.
8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正（impartiality）
You should show impartiality in your assessment of the employees.
Unit11
Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
1.He failed to give substantial reasons for his being absent from the meeting.(substance)
2.Driven by very strong motivation, he nas been working hard at English.(motivate）
3.He has been fully committed to the teaching and research of classical music.(commitment)
4.The club places rigid restrictions on its membership.(restrictive)
5.There is a subtle difference between "egoism" and "individualism".(subtlety)
6.A cuckoo bird`s voice is so thrilling in winter, as it announces the advent of springtime.(thill)
7.He dislikes his wife talking about her success complacently.(complacency)
8.The early 1990`s witnessed a(n) unprecedented tide of rural workers flooding into big cities in China.(precedence)
Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.
1.We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill and knowledge from which we may partake at will.
我们甚至可能期望他们是技能与知识的宝库,取之不尽,我们可以随意享用。
2.The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer admire in others) is the satisfaction
of having tasted the fullness of completion, or the thrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success.
这些看似枯燥的品质(我们常常羡慕别人拥有它们),给我们带来的是圆满完成某事后的满足
感,或者接受一个挑战并且胜出后所感到的兴奋。
3.Beyond the well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footing—and unfelt pleasures.
在铺好的坦途和我们通常会为自己造好的坚固建筑之外,有潜伏的让我们担心的事，不确定
的事----以及我们从未感受过的快乐。
4.To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature.
继续深入可能意味着停滞不前，意味着更加耐心地向前走，或者意味着往我们人生中其他尚
不成熟的领域投入更多的时间。
Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.
1、他的父母对他有很高的期望，他感到压力很大（feel weighted）
He felt heavily weighted with such high expectations from his parents.
2、他用积极的观点来解释这件事（in…light）
He interpreted the incident in a favorable light.
3、我很讨厌他，因为他特别喜欢诽谤他人（go out of one's way）
I detest him, for he often goes out of his light way to backbite others.
4、许多宗教的教义敦促人们超越尘世的成功（mundane）
Many religious teachings urge people to transcend mundane success.
5、个人的主动性是促进事业发展的要素之一（initiative）
Personal initiative is one of the essential elements in promoting your career.
6、我认为填鸭式教育不是好的教学方法（spoon-feed）
I don't think it is a good method of teaching to spoon-feed students.
7、我将全力以赴在下个月之前完成这项任务，因为我不想有不遵守诺言的污名（stigma）
I will spare no efforts to accomplish the task by the end of next month, for I don't want to suffer from the stigma of having broken my promise.
8、我得到了许多与教育新政策相关的信息（pertinent）
I've got much information pertinent to the new policy in education.
Unit 14
Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.
Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.
1.This American author has chosen to live in relative anonymity on a Pacific island.(anonymous)
2.The stillness of the night was broken by the ferocious barking of a dog.(ferocity)
3.New infectious diseases, such as AIDS and herpes, have unpredictably appeared.(predictability)
4.I don`t think we can afford the cost of repairing the leaky roof.(leak)
5.A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.(spoon)
6.It was damned unfair that the villagers should suffer so much.(damn)
7.He was conviction of corruption, and will be disqualified from office for seven years.(qualify)
8.This train will terminate at the next stop—passengers who wish to continue should change trains.(terminal)
Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.
1.I`m not simply talk about shelter from the elements, or three square meals a day or a mailing address to which the welfare people can send the check—although I know that all these are important for survival.
说到家,我认为不仅仅是一片遮风挡雨的屋檐,或者可以一日饱食三餐,也不是一个可以收到福利救济支票的邮政地址-----尽管我知道这一切对于生存是很重要的.
2.There was a time when where you lived often was where you worked and where you grew the food you ate and even where you were buried.
曾经,我们生活的地方常常就是我们工作的地方,是我们农耕的地方,甚至还是我们埋葬的地方.
3.People find it curious that those without homes would rather sleep sitting up on benches or huddled in doorways than go to shelters.
人们感到困惑不解的是,那些没有家的人情愿在长凳上熬夜或者蜷缩在门道里,也不愿住进收容所.
4.But some seem to want something that is not available in shelters, and they will not compromise, not for a cot, or oatmeal, or a shower with special soap that kills the bugs.
但是,有些人似乎想要一些收容所无法提供的东西,他们不愿妥协,不愿意为了一张小床,一碗燕麦粥,或者用特殊的杀菌肥皂来冲个澡而进收容所.
Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.
1.她翻了五个抽屉之后才找到结婚戒指。(rummage)
She had rummaged five drawers before she found her wedding ring.
2.我怎么觉得他正逐渐偏离他原来颇为激进的立场。(edge away)
Somehow I feel he is edging away from his former position, a rather radical one.
3.他们新成立的公司运作部很顺利，问题的关键在于缺乏资金和业内知识。(crux)
Their newly established company is not running smoothly; the crux of the matter lies in lack of funds and expert knowledge.
4.十多年来，每当遇到新的情况，我习惯三思而后行。(customary)
Over a decade, it has been customary for me to think before I leap whenever I come across something new.
5.他感到纳闷：问什么捐赠者一直隐姓埋名。(anonymous)
He wondered why the donor remained anonymous.
6.盎格鲁—撒克逊民族的伟大史诗《贝奥武普》讲述的是远古时期人们战天斗地的英雄业绩。(the Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf, the elements)
Beowulf, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons, describes how the primitive people waged heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the elements.
7.他自以为会成为第二个比尔?盖茨，在我看来这只是个幻想而已。(fantasy)
He thinks he will be a second Bill Gates, which, to me, is nothing but a mere fantasy.
8.他什么事都做得很好，因为他十分重视细节，不粗枝大叶。(the broad strokes)
He does everything well, as he pays sufficient attention to details instead of just relying on broad stokes.
浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放专科) 《英语写作基础》期末复习 本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。课程总成绩以百分制计。形成性考核占30%，课程终结考试占70%。 1. 形成性考核：满分100分，占课程总成绩的30%。形成性考核是对学生学习过程和阶段性学习效果的综合评价，包括学生参与各项教学活动和自主学习活动的情况以及阶段性的学习进展情况。本课程的形成性考核内容和方式严格按照“形成性考核册及学习档案”的具体要求执行。 2. 课程终结考试形式为笔试，闭卷。由中央电大统一命题，在同一时间全国统一考试，考试时间为90分钟。试卷分为三部分，卷面分值为100分：第一、二部分为应用文写作，占30分，主要考查学生用英语写“应用文”的能力；第三部分为短文写作，占70分，主要考查学生用英语写作叙述、说明性的短文的能力。 试卷结构 英语写作基础考试样题 一、Write a notice according to the following facts: （10分） 寒假期间，工会将举办一个春节旅游团，去北京旅游3天。游览的地方包括天安门广场、长城、故宫和颐和园，有兴趣者请速到工会报名。报名地点：行政大楼112房间；报名电话：66778800。 二、 Write a note based on the given facts: （20分）： 时间：1月10日星期五
对象：张老师 内容：由于临时出差去外地，所以无法及时交本周的作业册。非常抱歉。保证将在回来时交作业。 留言者：3班学生李玉 三、 Write an essay of no fewer than 200 words: （70分） Title: Travel Helps Me Gain More Knowledge Aids: (1) Your point of view towards traveling. (2) Examples to support your view. (3) Conclusion 英语写作基础形考册部分练习题参考答案 Part II Learning Activity 1 Key to Task 1(p 7) Choose the best connecting word or phrase from the box below to complete the following sentences. 1. No sooner had Jane left college than offers of work came in. 2. The moment Jack left college, he set off round the world. 3. Hardly had Mary left college when she realized she was expecting their first child. 4. The Director looked very pale at the meeting, as though he had just received some very bad news. 5. I have been promised a job as a trainee manager in my uncle’s hotel, provided (on the condition that) I pass all my final-year school examinations.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
英语基础语法知识（一） 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类： < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆
toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；
写作基础训练 Ⅰ) 五大句型 根据谓语动词的不同性质，语言学家总结出英语的五大基本句型。无论多么错综复杂的句子，都是在五大句型的基础上扩展而成的。总体上，句子必须包含至少一个主谓结构。有了这种认识，就可以避免写出残缺句。 使用动词时应考虑以下几个方面： ●及物还是不及物？ ●短暂性还是持续性？ ●描述动作还是状态？ ●一次性动作还是习惯性动作？ ●助动词还是习动词。 1.主+谓(+状) SV(A) The sun rises in the east. Everything is going on well. We set off in the early morning. 2.主+系+表SVC He is an expert in computers. They remain silent. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 3.主+谓+宾SVO I like sports. Mary has finished her work. My father will meet one of my uncles at the airport. 4.主+谓+双宾SV oO Pass me the salt, please. (= pass the salt to me, please.) Would you buy him a gift? (= would you buy a gift for him?) The teacher asked me a question. (= the teacher asked a question of me.) 5.主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC The young couple watched their baby play on the grassland. Carl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. I found it hard to keep up with them. Exercise1. SV A 1.他期盼的那封信最终来了。 2.生活费用上涨了百分之二十。 3.那座寺庙坐落在山顶上。 4.谢谢你，我自己应付得了。 5.作为艺术家，他的成功开始了。 6.时不我待。 7.鸟可以随时飞翔。 8.听了他的话，在场的人都笑了。 9.他们停下来休息， 10.车子突然抛锚了。 Exercise2. SVC 11.天气变得越来越暖和了。 12.他的梦想会成真吗？ 13.船到桥头自然直。 14.这个主意听起来很有道理。 15.做一名知名作家让人感觉不错。 16.我感到有些紧张。 17.女士们希望永葆青春。 18.孩子们很容易地入睡了。 19.腐败的食物对健康不利。 20.你妹妹看上去病了。 Exercise3. SVO 21.你打算到哪儿去度假？ 22.我对这件事全然不知。 23.失败后他从不泄气。 24.你最后一次见到它是什么时候？ 25.你应当为他人树立榜样。 26.晚会上我们玩得很开心。 27.教室需要打扫。 28.结果令我失望。 29.有钱人应帮助穷人。 30.妇女可以把任何事做得与男人一样好。Exercise4. SV oO 31.他送给我一本书作为生日礼物。 32.我可以把我的朋友介绍给你的父母吗？ 33.老师耐心地向我们解释了原因。 34.你给我买了什么东西没有？ 35.她为全家人做一日三餐。 36.小时候爸爸经常给我讲故事。 37.借给我五元钱，好吗？ 38.我侄子每两个月给我写封信 39.经理已经为客人订了房间。 40.我可以请你帮忙吗？ Exercise5. SVOC 41.同学们选他当班长。
英语的基础语法 请大家共享 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)： 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。 英语基础语法：一般现在时 一、构成 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。 二、用法 ■一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如： I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。 ■一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如： Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 ■一般现在时表示格言或警句。如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ■一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态。如： I am a teacher. 我是教师。 Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. 彼得汉语写得不错，讲的可不行。 ■以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 ■在下列情况下表示将来： 1. 在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办? I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。 2. 在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如： The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。 3. 在make sure (certain) , see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/358028392.html,)。 4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如： The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。 注：只限于少数动词能这样用，如begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, retur n, close, open 等。 英语基础语法：一般过去时
英语基本句型写作练习一 分析下列句子成分并写出句型。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. I wrote a letter last night. 5. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 6. He has read this book many times. 7. My brothers are all college students. 8. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 9. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 10. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 11. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 12. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 13. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 14. We call her Alice. 15. His parents named him John. 16. All of us considered him honest. 17．They pushed the door open.
18. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight. 19. There was only a well in the village. 20. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.指出下列句子加粗部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. The meeting will last two hours. 12. They have carried out the plan successfully. 13. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 14. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 15．They have set the thief free.
全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试 英语写作基础试卷 课程代码：00597 全部题目用英文作答。 I.重写句子(15 points,1.5points each) Revise the following sentences according to the requirement. Example: The history of English words in the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence) In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization. 1.I like roller-skating. I like ice-skating better.(compound sentence) 2.If you sit by the window facing the sun on a sunny winter day, you may feel nice and warm.(loose sentence) 3.Mary put the steak on the grill. The charcoal was burning evenly.(complex sentence) 4.His valuable papers were destroyed in the fire. Tom called the insurance company.(complex sentence) 5.I asked my friend if we should tip the driver when the bus tour ended.(periodic sentence) 6.Your uncle married my aunt. He is rich. She is poor.(simple sentence) 7.Jerry is smart. He should be able to handle eighteen credits this semester.(compound sentence) 8.I returned to school following a long illness. The math teacher gave me make-up work to do, but the history teacher made me drop her course.(compound-complex sentence) 9.Jack applied for a job. He went for an interview. He was hired.(parallel structure) 10.Meet me in the courtyard for dessert when you finish doing the dishes.(periodic sentence) II.改写病句(15 points,3 points each) Correct the errors in the following sentences. 11.The rain might last for a while, clouds covered the entire sky. 12.In the evening we would swim in the lake and dancing afterward. 13.That woman just bought her dog a milk shake in a red skirt. 14.To pass the course, your term paper must be handed in on time. 15.Harry wouldn’t make a good negotiator he doesn’t have the patience. III.标出主题句(15 points,5 points each) 16.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the choice in the blank. A.I eat a lot of homemade ice cream. B.Homemade ice cream is my favorite.
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
第一部分英语写作基础(答案) 第一章句子写作 1.1 句子的种类 I. 1) Is there any water in the bottle? 2) Can she sing and dance very well? 3) Has he a brother in England? Or: Does he have a brother in England? 4) Does it often rain here in summer? 5) Did you always play together at that time? 6) Who is he? 7) How many times have you been to Beijing? 8) Where do they live? 9) What does your father like very much? 10) Why did he go to school yesterday? II. 1)“Shall we go by bus or by train?”“Better go by train.” 2)“Are we going to have the meeting today or tomorrow?”“Tomorrow.” 3)“You are not ready, are you？”“No, I am not.” 4)We can’t take these books out, can we?”“No, we can’t” 5)Take care not to catch cold. 6)Speak a little slower. I can’t follow you. 7)Let’s not waste our time arguing about it. 8)How pretty you are in that skirt! 9)What a beautiful city Hangzhou is! 10)How I miss my parents! III. 1)She has not had her lunch. 2)I was too excited to say a ward. 3)None of the problems is difficult. 4)You can find this kind of mobile phone somewhere. 5)He opened the door and we all went in. 6)Put on your coat, or you will catch cold. 7)It was late, so we went home. 8)He doesn’t earn much, but he spends money freely. 9)Turn off the light before you leave the room. 10)I hope that you will enjoy your stay here. 1.2句子的基本句型 I． 1）SVC 2) SV 3)SVC 4) SVOC 5. SVOA 6) SVO 7) SVOC 8) SVOiOd 9) SVOC 10) SV A II. 1)My ink has run out. (SV)
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
英语基础语法知识（一）第一节词类和句子成分一、词类能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下：（一）名词名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂 Newton 牛顿 law 法律 freedom自由 peace 和平英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师 market市场 rice 大米 magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。例如： Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面 加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆 toy→toys 玩具 leaf→leaves树叶英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人 tooth→teeth 牙齿 datum→data数据有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a 用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间a useful book 一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览 an honest man一个诚实的人冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如：the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等；
初三英语写作基础训练 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《初三英语写作基础训练》的内容，具体内容：初三英语写作我们应该进行哪些基础训练?下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅!各位老师下午好!今天能和大家坐在一起，共同探讨关于英语写作训练这一话题感到非常荣幸。下面谈谈自己... 初三英语写作我们应该进行哪些基础训练?下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅! 各位老师下午好!今天能和大家坐在一起，共同探讨关于英语写作训练这一话题感到非常荣幸。下面谈谈自己在对学生进行写作训练时的一点粗浅的认识与做法。 考试说明中对写的技能是这样规定的。着重考查学生以书面形式 1学生应能够运用语言知识，表达真实意义或信息传递的能力。○较为恰当地对所熟悉的周围的人或事物进行简单地描述，就所熟悉的话题 2能根据文字、图画、图表等信息提示，按要求发表自己的观点等。○写出意思连贯、语言符合逻辑的书面表达。在写的过程中，能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。 书面表达的形式多种多样，中考英语试题共分为三类：应用文、看图作文和提示作文。应用文要求能够掌握常见的写作技巧;看图作文要求能够根据图画和词语提示，明确考查意图，弄清图画内容，把握情节线索，完整表达思想;提示作文要求能够根据所给的提示写出意思连贯，符合逻辑的短文。要注意语言准确，行文连贯，表达清楚，字迹工整。
1具有教育意义②贴近学生生活中考书面表达试题有三个特点：○ ③热点问题。 按内容分为以下几类：小作文包括招聘启事、寻物启事、赠言、慰问卡、通知、家规、校规、兴趣、爱好、感谢信、描述物品、假期计划、介绍朋友、老师等。大作文包括：介绍初中生活、询问学生的英语学习情况、描述献爱心活动(到养老院、儿童福利院献爱心;为灾区、贫困地区儿童献爱心)、描述业余生活、做一名文明市民、健康问题、环境问题、帮同学排忧解难、如何缓解压力等。这些作文都给出提示，如背景材料、汉语提示、英文词组、句子、开头、结尾、图片这种保证了作文的规范性，学生也有话可写。实际上就是按照时 间、答问或逻辑顺序把汉译英的句子组合到一起，最后加上自己的感受。目前学生在写作上存在的问题有以下五个方面： 1)人称时态混乱。人称混乱问题主要是没有理解题意，如这周我们训练的一个作文题：假如你是某国际会议的接待人员，请根据所给明片提供的信息，进行介绍。开头已给出This is Chang，此篇作文应用第三人称，结果有一部分学生写成了第一人称，变成了自我介绍。时态混乱，表现为一会过去时，一会现在时，说明学生最基本的时态的知识没有掌握。 2)没有用英语思维。有些孩子基础不太好，没有养成用英语思维的习惯，如要求学生写一个通知，其中有这样一句话："请学生们按时到"，有些学生答成了Please students will get there on time. 有些学生答成了Please get on time. 九年四班写成了Grade 9, class 4. 今天下午2点在大厅举办了一个报告，写成了There is going to a talk this afternoon
英语基础语法 时态是英语中一个重要的语法畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)： 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。 英语基础语法：一般现在时 一、构成 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。 二、用法 ■一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如： I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。 ■一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如： Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从升起。 注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 ■一般现在时表示格言或警句。如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ■一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态。如： I am a teacher. 我是教师。 Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. 彼得汉语写得不错，讲的可不行。 ■以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 ■在下列情况下表示将来： 1. 在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办? I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。 2. 在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如： The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。 3. 在make sure (certain) , see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了(from .yygrammar.)。 4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如： The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达。 注：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open 等。 英语基础语法：一般过去时 一、构成方法 一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed。