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The use of nuclear powerLi LiangNuclear energy commonly known as the atomic energy, it is to point to in the nucleus of the nuclear (neutrons and protons) redistribution and when combined in the energy released. Nuclear power is divided into two kinds, one kind is nuclear fission power, it is to point to heavy elements (uranium or plutonium, etc) nuclear fission occurred when the energy released. Another type of call fusion power, it is to point to hydrogen element (deuterium and tritium) nuclear fusion reactions occur in when the energy released.Nuclear energy has enormous power, 1 kg uranium nuclear fission all release energy, the equivalent of about 2700 tons of standard coal burns emit chemical energy.A 1-million kilowatts of power plants, only 25 to 30 tons a year low concentration uranium nuclear fuel, while the same power coal power plant, every year, more than 300 tons to raw coal, these nuclear fuel only 10 trucks can to the scene, and more than 300 tons of coal transport, we would need 1000 trains. Fusion reaction of energy released more valuable. Someone made vivid imagery: 1 kg coal can only make a train run 8 meters, 1 kg uranium can make a train to start the 40000 km; And 1 kg majority of lithium and mixture of deuterium than lithium, can make a train from the earth to the moon open, a journey of 400000 miles (kilometers). The earth contains significant quantities of uranium and thorium and nuclear fission resources, if they are of fission power make full use of rise, can satisfy the human energy demand for thousands of years. In the sea, containing twenty trillion tons of deuterium, their fusion power can top the trillions of one hundred million tons of coal, and can meet the ten billion years of human energy needs.Nuclear power is humanity finally solve the energy problem of hope. The development of nuclear technology, will far-reaching influence the modern society.Nuclear energy achievements was first applied to military though purpose but later realized the peaceful use of nuclear energy, one of the most important and the most is through the nuclear power plant to power.Nuclear power industry already among the ranks, is using nuclear fission reaction of nuclear energy to power released device, through the nuclear reactor achieve nuclear power and heat energy conversion. The type of nuclear reactors, turn fission neutron energy into thermal neutron reactor and fast neutron reactor. Due to thermal neutron more likely to lead to uranium 235 fission, therefore thermal neutron reactor is easier to control; a large number of operations are the kind of thermal neutron reactor. The reactor moderator fuel ratio needs, through its nuclear and fastneutron elastic collision, will slow down fast neutron into thermal neutron. Early in this century 50 s, humans began to development and utilization of nuclear energy was born the nuclear power station. After 30 years of development, nuclear power is already in the world recognized as affordable, safe and reliable sources of energy.By December 31, 1993, the world has 34 countries or regions of the 422 seats (heap) nuclear power plant is running, the total installed capacity of 356.235 million kilowatts; Are building nuclear power plants, it has 61 seats (of), total installed capacity of 55.866 million kw. The world year 1993 total for 21817679 Gwh issued by electricity, issuance of the world total of the capacity is more than 17%.Nuclear power is an important developing direction of energy; especially in the world energy structure from oil to give priority to nonoil energy transition period, nuclear power, coal and energy saving is thought to be the main hope to solve the energy crisis. Therefore, countries are strongly in development of nuclear power. However is particularly concerned about is the, the proved according to the current economic exploitation value uranium reserves, if continue to build the speed under the existing epithermal reactor power plant, because it can only use of uranium resources of 1% ~ 2%, and the collapse in 50 years, the economic recoverable uranium will also run out. If by that time, still can't from nuclear fission to make use of the primary stage, humans might be facing new energy crisis.In the new energy challenges, nuclear scientists had already looking for weapon to accept battle; it is already after 40 years of research and development of fast neutron breeder reactor(hereinafter referred to as fast reactor) nuclear power plant. With it, the uranium is equivalent to the utilization rate of 50 to 60 times improve, that the energy supply will appear new wonders and thousands of years in the future, humans can rely on fast reactor power generation, guarantee a rich energy available.The most significant fast reactor is characteristic of direct produced by nuclear fission neutron to maintain the rapid flight chain fission reaction. It with plutonium-239 as fuel, "chamber" does not set moderator fuel ratio, only cooling agent (sodium or helium). In the fast reactor, all in the "burn" a plutonium-239 atoms can make uranium-238 absorb neutrons new output after 1.4 plutonium-239 atoms, so in fast reactor appear mythical miracle-the nuclear fuel the "burn" more. This is the so-called nuclear fuel the growth process.Fast reactor after started up, will continue to have uranium-238 absorb neutrons into plutonium-239, after a period of time (such as 15 to 20 years), people can team "burn" fuel "ash", extracted with their own power to equipment as big as new pile of need plutonium fuel, in this period, fast reactor power station as long as continue toadd hot pile in cannot be fuel uranium-238 poor material, and income of electric power reactor power plant but more heat. People can power fast reactor known as "nuclear fuel production factory".Fast reactor is actually in the family of nuclear power plant the oldest member. As early as in August 1951, the United States of America built the world's first a experimental fast reactor, but also successfully made power test. Although at that time it only 200 kilowatts of power. But it is the birth of the first fast reactor nuclear power plant.More than 30 years, some developed countries (such as America, Britain, France, the former Soviet union, Japan and Germany), invest a lot of manpower and material resources, costing billions of dollars to develop fast reactor. At present, the world has a total of 21 a fast reactor. In the operation of 13 seats, are built have four; plans to build have seven seats. Prototype fast reactor has successfully run more than ten years, have proved fast reactor in technology can be realized, it is also possible that the proliferation of nuclear fuel (phoenix fast reactor than the proliferation for 1:15). Now for 1.2-million mw power of business fast neutron reactor is under operation in France. Fast reactor technology has gone out of the lab's door, is to move towards the industrialization of the application for the road ahead.All countries think, fast reactor is the final destination of power, especially in controlled fusion in the future to a quite long period of industrial promotion, fast reactor power generation is more important. But need to point out is, fast reactor technology have not yet mature, is an important reason for the fast reactor technology itself to heat capacity is much more complicated, there are many key technical problems need to conquer. In addition, the cost of the fast reactor building of heat capacity, now fast reactor than the cost of the same scale heat pile of your 2 ~ 3 times. By one estimate, the single pile when fast reactor power more than 2 million kilowatt-hours, the economic might and hot pile of rival. Expected to the next century, people can build such a large fast reactor, that time quick pile of power station will be applied in the world. Development of the fastest progress fast reactor in France, the plan from the century began, the promotion of fast reactor power industry, so natural uranium requirements will step down, and to lessen the imported energy cause stress. Fast reactor from hot reactor power plant will be the transition bridge to nuclear fusion power station.Humans will eventually solve the energy needs of hope in a controlled fusion of the system and the promotion. Is nuclear fusion power use light nuclei (such as deuterium -deuterium or deuterium- tritium) in high temperature (tens or hundreds of millions of degrees of) polymerization into heavier nuclei (such as helium) processreleased from the huge energy. The main fuel is deuterium fusion, can more easily extracted from seawater. According to the calculation, each litre contain deuterium if fully "combustion", can produce the energy equivalent of 300 litres of petrol. Sea water contains at least 35 trillion tons of deuterium, can enjoy more than ten billion years to the world. A more valuable asset of fusion reaction is almost non-existent radioactive pollution, and fusion reactor at any moment only a bit of deuterium fusion in, so does not exist of the dangers of out of control. Fusion is the ideal, true can clean energy. But, to make the fusion power submissive in people under control for human services is a very difficult thing to do. In order to tame fusion power, from the 50 s beginning, scientists have zeal for controlled fusion research.More than 40 countries around the world in controlled fusion research, they put into a lot of manpower and material resources, built hundreds of experimental device, the scientific research personnel engaged in about 12000 people. At present, the world each year for the cost of the fusion research has more than 2 billion dollars.After decades of hard work, controlled fusion why progress so slowly? Mainly because of the conditions of the controlled fusion realize very demanding. First of all, we can't also cause the sun as high center of plasma density and high temperature, and only pursue higher temperature than the sun center to solve the problem. Theory research shows that, deuterium core of fusion ignition temperature of four hundred million degrees Celsius, the majority of the mixed gas deuterium thermonuclear reactions in fifty million degrees Celsius to be conducted. To create this environment in technology is troubled. Along with the development of new technology use, people try current, laser and so on ways to heating gas. Second, make such a high temperature remains a period of time, plasma temperature is lower, the quantity is less, and the density of the smaller, ultra high temperature to keep time is long. Also, the ultra high temperature plasma, there were intense outward expansion characteristics, must have strong magnetic field to restrain live them, absolute don't let them with all round the vessel wall contact, or any material also can not hold up against such a high temperature, instantly gasification, into nothingness. To solve these difficulties, laser technology, superconducting technology, the new material technology, and the rapid development of new technology is necessary.The advancement of science and technology, continue to give controlled nuclear fusion research bring the Gospel, and, after a long after the relay race, controlled fusion research has come to a critical moment. December 24, 1982, the United States of America built a three stories high " tokamak " type fusion experimental nuclear reactor (TFTR), from design to build the fusion experimental reactor spent seven years time, cost more than 300 million dollars. The purpose of the reactor design is torealize the energy output is equal to the energy input, so as to realize the possibility of controlled fusion proof.China in controlled nuclear fusion study has for many years, and obtained a certain progress. Our country has a nearly ten small tokamak controlled fusion test device, the largest of which is "China's circulation is number one", already was set up in September, 1984, and start smoothly. After more than a year of commissioning, already in on 16 November 1985 through the national acceptance, it for our country to study and the nuclear fusion plasma technology development, provide the effective means.Now, the United States, Britain, Russia and other countries are common building an international nuclear fusion reactor in the audiences, this kind of international nuclear fusion for 30 years the world will adopt fusion research results. Its design thermal power output of 620000 kw, vacuum chamber a radius of 520 cm, plasma magnetic ring radius for 130 cm constraints, than the United States new fusion experimental reactor scale twice. Scientists hope that the world of nuclear fusion in controlled fusion realized in tackling a qualitative leap. The most important is, the requirements in the reaction of fusion energy get more than energy input, so as to prove the controlled fusion power in technology realization and project is feasible.Humans, of course, to really use cheap fusion power, still need to after a hard struggle, stand the test of time. By one estimate, to 2020 years can be built into the heap of ruins, and then, after engineering technology and economic validation, can we gradually to the commercial. In short, in energy revolution occupies an important position in the fusion power development and utilization of the dawn has set up a file in the front.。

核能优点英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Advantages of Nuclear EnergyNuclear energy has long been a controversial topic, with some advocating for its benefits and others emphasizing its risks. In this essay, we will focus on the advantages of nuclear energy, and why it is an important source of power for the future.One of the key advantages of nuclear energy is its high energy density. Compared to other forms of energy like coal or natural gas, nuclear energy has a much higher energy output per unit of fuel. This means that a smaller amount of fuel is needed to generate the same amount of electricity, making nuclear energy a more efficient and cost-effective option.Furthermore, nuclear energy is a relatively clean source of power. While it does produce radioactive waste, the amount of waste generated is much smaller compared to other sources of energy like coal or oil. Additionally, advancements in technology have made it possible to safely store and dispose of nuclear waste, reducing the environmental impact of nuclear energy.Another advantage of nuclear energy is its reliability. Nuclear power plants can operate continuously for long periods of time, providing a stable source of electricity to the grid. This is especially important as countries move towards renewable energy sources like solar and wind, which can be intermittent and less predictable.Additionally, nuclear energy is a low-carbon energy source, making it an important tool in the fight against climate change. By reducing the reliance on fossil fuels, nuclear energy can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of global warming.Another benefit of nuclear energy is its energy security. Nuclear power plants can provide a country with a stable source of electricity, reducing dependence on imported energy sources. This can boost a country's energy independence and reduce the vulnerability to energy supply disruptions.In summary, nuclear energy has several advantages that make it an important source of power for the future. Its high energy density, cleanliness, reliability, low carbon emissions, and energy security make it a valuable option for countries looking to diversify their energy mix and reduce their environmental impact. While there are risks associated with nuclear energy,advancements in technology and safety regulations have made it a safer and more viable option for meeting the world's growing energy needs.篇2The Advantages of Nuclear EnergyNuclear energy is a controversial topic that evokes strong emotions from both its supporters and critics. While there are certainly drawbacks and risks associated with nuclear energy, it is important to also consider the many advantages that this form of energy production offers. In this essay, we will explore some of the key benefits of nuclear energy.One of the most significant advantages of nuclear energy is its low environmental impact. Unlike traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or air pollutants that contribute to climate change and air pollution. This means that nuclear power can play a crucial role in helping countries reduce their carbon emissions and combat global warming.Another important advantage of nuclear energy is its reliability. Nuclear power plants are capable of producing a large amount of electricity consistently and reliably, regardless ofweather conditions or time of day. This makes nuclear energy an important source of baseload power, helping to ensure a stable and secure energy supply.In addition to being reliable, nuclear energy is also highly efficient. Nuclear reactors have a high energy density, meaning that a small amount of nuclear fuel can produce a large amount of electricity. This makes nuclear energy a cost-effective option for energy production, especially when compared to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.Furthermore, nuclear energy has the potential to reduce energy costs for consumers. While the upfront costs of building and operating nuclear power plants can be high, the cost of nuclear fuel is relatively low and stable compared to the fluctuating prices of fossil fuels. This stability can help to shield consumers from the volatility of energy markets and reduce the overall cost of electricity.Another advantage of nuclear energy is its energy security. Nuclear power plants can provide a domestic source of energy that is not reliant on imports of fossil fuels from other countries. This can help to reduce a country's dependence on foreign energy sources and enhance its energy independence.Furthermore, nuclear energy can help to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. The construction and operation of nuclear power plants require a skilled workforce, creating employment opportunities in a range of sectors including engineering, construction, and maintenance. Additionally, investing in nuclear energy infrastructure can attract foreign investment and stimulate economic development in local communities.In conclusion, while nuclear energy is not without its risks and challenges, it offers many important advantages that should not be overlooked. From its low environmental impact and reliability to its efficiency and energy security benefits, nuclear energy can play a vital role in transitioning to a more sustainable and secure energy future. By considering these advantages and working to address the drawbacks, we can harness the potential of nuclear energy to meet the growing energy needs of the 21st century.篇3Advantages of Nuclear EnergyNuclear energy, also known as atomic energy, is the energy released through reactions in the nucleus of an atom. It is apowerful source of energy that can generate electricity with minimal carbon emissions. Despite its controversial nature, nuclear energy has several advantages that make it an attractive option for meeting the world's growing energy demands.One of the main advantages of nuclear energy is its efficiency and reliability. Nuclear power plants can operate at full capacity for extended periods of time, providing a consistent and predictable source of electricity. This is in contrast to renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, which are dependent on weather conditions and can be intermittent. Nuclear power plants also have a high energy density, meaning they can produce large amounts of electricity from a relatively small amount of fuel.Another advantage of nuclear energy is its low environmental impact compared to fossil fuels. Nuclear power plants do not produce greenhouse gas emissions, which are a major contributor to climate change. This makes nuclear energy a cleaner alternative to coal, oil, and natural gas, which release carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Although nuclear power plants do produce radioactive waste, advances in technology have made it possible to safely store and dispose of this waste without harming the environment.Furthermore, nuclear energy is a reliable source of electricity that can help reduce dependence on foreign oil and gas. Many countries rely on imported fossil fuels to meet their energy needs, which can be costly and unreliable. By investing in nuclear power, countries can reduce their reliance on foreign energy sources and increase their energy security. Nuclear energy can also help diversify the energy mix, providing a stable and sustainable source of electricity alongside renewables like wind and solar power.In addition, nuclear power has the potential to createhigh-paying jobs and stimulate economic growth. The construction and operation of nuclear power plants require a skilled workforce, including engineers, technicians, and maintenance workers. These jobs can provide stable employment opportunities and contribute to local economies. Furthermore, the development of nuclear energy technology can spur innovation and create new business opportunities in related industries, such as nuclear fuel production and waste management.Despite its many advantages, nuclear energy also has challenges and drawbacks that must be addressed. Safety concerns, including the risk of accidents and the potential fornuclear weapons proliferation, are major issues that continue to impact public perception of nuclear power. The high costs of building and operating nuclear power plants, as well as the long lead times for construction, are also significant barriers to the widespread adoption of nuclear energy.In conclusion, nuclear energy has numerous advantages that make it a valuable and attractive energy source. Its efficiency, reliability, low environmental impact, and economic benefits make it a viable option for meeting the world's energy needs. However, it is essential to address the challenges and risks associated with nuclear power in order to ensure its safe and sustainable use in the future. By investing in research, technology, and regulation, we can continue to harness the power of nuclear energy for the benefit of society and the environment.。

Thank you Mrs.Speaker, members of parliament,honorable opposition and my humble partner.Today, we believe that stopping the operation of nuclear plant is totally wrong. Because,Ladies and gentlemen, in this energy era when a variety of vital issues, including the existence of human beings, greatly depends on energy ,it is ridiculous of proposition side to eliminate their irrational fear at the expense of the clean, efficient ,economical,and almost inexhaustive source of energy. Ladies and gentlemen,as our leader has told you the operation of nuclear power plant ,which can address the energy issue most effectively and sustainably, is necessary and irreplaceable in our country, I want to also tell you that the operation of nuclear plant can certainly bring enormous benefits to our country,That is, firstly, it can serves as an environment-friendly means to tackle climate- change issue, secondly, it will reduce the foreign dependence on the import and guarantee our country’s energy self-sufficiency.But before going to my arguments , First, some rebuttals. Rebuttal number one, the proposition side said that there are many potential dangers behind the nuclear plant, and they claimed that we were risking the environment and the health of our citizens to develop nuclear energy.However, ladies and gentlemen , this accusation is totally trumped up.For concrete and effectivemeasures have already been done to tackle this problem, and more related regulations are about to establish, from which we can certainly expect safe future. About the measures,as our leader have told you that our country have already adopted the third generation nuclear plant, which is very much up-dated and can completely avoid the accident occurred in Japan last year. More over, ladies and gentlemen, except the up gration of the nuclear power plant itself, there are a series well-designed protection levels and plausible safety management system, which can minimize the risk and harm almost to none.Finally, there are many regulations, like automic energy act, concentrated on nuclear safety are on the way , which will further ensure the safety problem. Ladies and gentlemen, if ever the proposition side has had a survey on the current situation, they will find, as you see now, their worry is not necessary at all. And these occasion is completely irresponsible and ridiculous.In fact,We are responsible for our citizen, we are responsible for their benefits.Secondly, ladies and gentlemen, the proposition side said that the construction of nuclear plant is costly and the site-choosing of nuclear plant is not correct.About the cost problem, we think our leader has told you this very clear, and here I will not repeat on this point. But,the idea of the site-choosing of the proposition side istotally wrong. They claimed that we built the nuclear plant mainly in the populated area and by the sea. Yes, we acknowledged this and here I will tell you why. Firstly, as our leader has told you about the energy location unbalance in our country, that the energy in eastern area is far less the it in the west, so to meet the energy demand of the east,we need to build nuclear plant there Secondly, I would like to point out that you said that no matter in a drought year or flood year, the operation of nuclear power plants will be threatened. This is totally wrong, for the reason why we build nuclear power plant by sea is precisely to eliminate the influence the drought or flood year may imposed on the nuclear plant. And since we have told you that the safety is well-ensued now and the site-choosing decision is strictly based on related laws , we think the cite-choosing point is reasonably justified.Thirdly , at the end of there speech,the proposition side has presented some policy to deal with energy problem. And here we will show you that there policy is not only unrealistic but also brings many harms. Firstly, as our leader has told you that the other renewable energy is not mature in our country, it will be irresponsible of the proposition side to promote this even non-existing solution .And to sound their logic, they cite hydropower for example.But this will not work.And what they saidpreviously can apply to their owe strategies, that is, the drought or flood period will greatly threaten the work of hydropower plant, let alone the environment damage, immigration problem, which will further restrict the use of hydropower.Secondly, If we stop the operation of nuclear plant now, where can we get energy?As we have told you , the other alternative energies is under experiment, costly and inconstant and there are approaching limit of traditional energy, their policy will ultimately lead to following results; Firstly,due to the immaturity of other alternative energy, to meet the demand, for one thing,we will speed the mining of coal , gas and other resources and thus cause a great damage to the environment and eventually harm our people.For another, the use of fossil fuel will also contribute to climate change, leading to acid rain, air pollution and global warming, which will greatly threatens human existence.Secondly, as we have told you that at the current consumption speed, most traditional energy resources will be exhausted within decades, and at that time where can we seek for energy, what can we do when there is no electricity , gas and other energy resources. So ladies and gentlemen, they said we risked the environment and you health. But as you can see, it is exactly the proposition side that really risk environment and you health by implementing their policy.Now, come to my argument.Here, I will show you the more concrete benefits brought about by the operation of nuclear power plant.Firstly, it will definitely not add further burden to the already proceeding climate change, on the contrary, it can help preserve the environment by lessening the dependence on fossil fuels as a source of energy. Because unlike fossil fuels, it will generate almost no green-gas emissions.So by replacing the fossil fuel with nuclear energy, it can not only offer a cleaner and better environment to everyone in our country, but by reducing the emission of green-house gas dramatically, it also can contribute to the slow-down of global climate change, thus project the image of our country of fulfilling the obligation to reduce the emission internationally.Secondly, it will reduce our country’s foreign dependence on the import of some energy and then promise a self-sufficiency to us.currently, for instance, our country’s oil highly depends on import and coal partially also depends on import ,According to the statistics, In the first half of 2011 China imported fossil dependency from last year's 55% rise to 55.2%. And according to ,Academician of Chinese academy of engineering TongXiaoGuang, by 2020China’s import oil dependency will reach 60%, and will reach 65% by 2030. Meanwhile, China shipping coal imports witness a sharp increase from 39.2 million tons in 2008 to 170 million tons in 2010, and China has become the world's second largest power coal importers. And this kind of high dependency will hugely threaten the energy security In our country, which may caused by unstable prices, supply cut resulted from political or other reasons and extra.However, by developing nuclear power plant , we can expect bright prospects when we can generate enough energy , reduce our import and even eventually satisfy our own need. And this future is both promising and practical.So ladies and gentlemen, What our opposition side has told you today? We have told you that there is a necessity to develop the operation of nuclear power plant, that is, our country is facing a energy shortage , traditional energy can no longer serve us in the long run and other renewable energies are not mature or constant, and what we have also told you that nuclear energy, with its economical, efficient and abundant properties can detail with this problems far more effectively, and finally, we have told you what we can anticipate from the operation of nuclear power plant, we can expect cleaner air, we can expect slower climate change, we can expect a responsible national image and also we can expect noenergy insecurity resulted from high dependence on foreign import. So based on all the things I have mentioned , I am very proud to oppose.。

The Future of Nuclear EnergyMar 06, 2012Last March, the world watched closely as Japan struggled to contain a series of equipment failures, hydrogen explosions and releases of radioactive materials atthe Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.The historic tsunami following the 9.0-magnitude earthquake destroyedthe reactors’connection to the power grid, causing them to overheat.Hundreds of people were exposed to increased levels of radiation. Thousands more were evacuated. Although Japanese officials have since declared the plantstable, the cleanup will be expensive and is expected to take decades.A year later, however, the United States is moving forward withnuclear power. For the first time since 1978, the National Regulatory Commission has approved two new plants. The $14 billion facilities will be built just outside Augusta and operated by Atlanta-based Southern Company. They’re scheduled to be up and running by 2016 and 2017 and should produce about 10 percent of Georgia’s power.“It’s smart to continue generating nuclear power in the UnitedStates,”said Marilyn Brown, professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Public Policy. “It is a reliable, cost-competitive option that doesn’t contribute to airpollution or contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.”Brown helps shape the nation ’s energy policies as a board member of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TV A) and chair of the company’s Nuclear Oversight Committee.Brown said that nuclear power plants are expensive to build, comparedto natural gas facilities.“But they are clearly worth the investment,”she said. “A nuclearplant producesno carbon dioxide emissions and four times the power of a typicalnatural gasfacility. Fourteen billion is a big number, but the plants should stayonlinefor 50 to 70 years.”Despite the benefits, critics will always point to the risk of anuclearcatastrophe. These are the nation’s first approved nuclear facilitiessincePennsylvania’s Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Experts contendthat modernplant designs are much safer than those built previously.“The new plant designs are passively safe, so there are far fewer issues toworry about, like those that occurred with the older plants at Fukushima withthe loss of off-site power,”said Glenn Sjoden, Georgia Tech professor ofnuclear and radiological engineering. “With the new plants, you have aconvection cooling loop that uses gravity and runs by itself for daysin theevent of lost power. There would be no active pumping required. . . . The moremodern designs and precautions taken make nuclear the best option to satisfy ourenergy needs.”Since last year’s incident, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been reviewingexisting U.S. plants to ensure that they can withstand earthquakes, floods andother natural disasters and making retrofit upgrades when necessary, Sjodensaid.Critics point to nuclear waste as another challenge with nuclear power. Each ofthe nation’s 104 plants store the radioactive waste on-site in steel casksprotected by concrete and other safety systems. These are safe too, Brown said,because of careful construction and maintenance.Nuclear waste would be a nonissue if the U.S. reprocessed its spentfuel likeother nations such as France, Sjoden said.“Like most nations, they recycle their used fuel, since 95 percent ofthe fuelcan be recycled back into the reactor and used again, making nuclear power themost ‘green’energy source out there,”Sjoden said. “Burying the waste, as we doin the United States, is completely wasteful.”The United States generates almost 20 percent of its energy from nuclear plants,the same amount as natural gas. Coal supplies 50 percent. The remainder isgenerated from hydropower and other natural sources.“We must develop more renewables sources, such as wind, solar and biopower,”says Brown. “Industry leaders, business and the general public must also becomemore energy efficient. That is the key to our future.”。

2019年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题：核能发电的发展2019年6月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总英语四级阅读练习题：核能发电的发展In the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents (反对者 ) have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessaryimprovements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. I'oday, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.21.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______.A. negativeB. neutralC. positiveD. questioning22.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.23.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.A. there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U. S.C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.24. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditionsD. help the power company to solve its financial problems25. The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_______.A. delayB. end upC. completeD. separate答案：21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D。

根据人们对清洁能源的定义，清洁能源不会对环境（包括空气、大地、海洋）排放污染物，而核能第一会产生放射性物质，第二会产生热污染，第三核废料的安置是个令人头痛的问题。

核能发电的热量并非来自燃烧，所以不会造成空气污染，也不会排放二氧化碳。

但是核能电厂在正常运转时，仍然会将微量的放射性物质排到外界环境，而且核能发电会产生中低阶的放射性废料，以及具有高强度放射性的核燃料。

上述物质皆会影响生物细胞及染色体，使其发生基因突变等症状。

使用过的核燃料中尚有许多可以回收利用的铀及钸元素，在可见的未来均有可能成为珍贵的能源。

如果这些放射性物质有机会在环境中扩散，亦会威胁到人类的健康。

一般来说，使用过核燃料中某些超铀元素（例如钸）的半衰期长达数万年，必须长期与生物的食物链隔离，才能避免对人类造成伤害。

由於核能发电的热效率较火力发电低，故核能发电的热污染较火力发电严重。

此项热污染影响最大的首推核电站所在区域。

热污染导致海温剧增，使当地的生态环境改变，以台湾为例：核二厂排水口附近曾出现秘雕鱼，更因核三厂排放温水，而导致附近珊瑚产生白化等。

近年台电方面虽已有改善的防护措施，但已无法复原。

应如何减少热污染？即提高发电机组的热效率，但提高热效率，必须增加相当多的设备。

设备的装置费用，可以由因热效率提高而节省下的燃料中获得补偿。

核能发电的燃料成本较低，故提高核能发电厂热效率所需的设备增购费用，可能无法由节省下来的燃料费中赚取回来，故不值得投资。

核能电厂热效率的提高，将使电厂的设计变的非常复杂，复杂的系统必定较易故障。

核能电厂的建厂投资成本非常大，任何设备发生故障，均会使电厂无法发电，将会对电力公司带来较大的财务损失。

因此从技术层面来说，核电厂的热效率绝对可以提高，但从经济层面考量，则不值得如此做。

最令人头痛的是核废料安置的问题，到目前为止放射性三废处理尚未找到完全安全、有效的方法，目前国内外公认比较好的处理技术是深部地层埋藏，即将燃烧完的放射性废物进行玻璃固化后，冷却30～50年，然后将其埋藏于数百米深的岩层中。

核发电英文介绍Nuclear power generation is a kind of efficient and clean energy, with the advantages of safety, reliability and sustainability. With the increasing global energy demand, nuclear power generation is playing an increasingly important role in the energy structure. This paper will introduce the basic principles, advantages, development status and future trend of nuclear power generation.1. The rationale for nuclear power generationNuclear power generation is the principle of using nuclear energy into electric energy to generate electricity. Nuclear energy is the energy generated by the nuclear fusion or nuclear fission of protons and neutrons in the nucleus at high temperature and high pressure. The energy released during the nuclear reaction is converted into heat, which is then used by thermodynamics to convert heat into electricity.2. Advantages of nuclear power generationEfficient: Nuclear power generation is more efficient and can generate large amounts of electricity with less fuel.Clean: Nuclear power generation does not produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, with relatively little impact on the environment.Sustainable: Nuclear power generation can provide a stable supply of electricity and can play an important role in cases of energy shortages.Safety: Nuclear power generation has taken strict safety measures to ensure the safety and reliability of the nuclear reaction process.3. The development status of nuclear power generationAt present, many countries and regions around the world have established nuclear power plants, including the United States, France, China and so on. Nuclear power generation has been widely used in these countries and has become an important part of the energy structure. At the same time, with the continuous progress of technology and the reduction of costs, the competitiveness of nuclear power generation hasgradually increased, which has become an important direction of future energy development.4. Future trends of nuclear power generationThe development of small nuclear power plants: small nuclear power plants have the advantages of flexibility and strong adaptability, which can meet the needs of different countries and regions. In the future, small nuclear power plants will become an important trend in the development of nuclear power generation.Research and development of new nuclear reactors: New nuclear reactors have higher safety and efficiency, and can better meet the future energy needs. At present, some countries and regions have begun developing new nuclear reactors and will be put into use in the future.The combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy: the combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy can give full play to their respective advantages, improve the energy utilization efficiency, and reduce the impact on the environment. In the future, the combination of nuclear energy and renewable energy will become an important way to use energy.Application of digital technology: The application of digital technology can improve the intelligent level of nuclear power plants, improve the operation efficiency and management level. In the future, digital technology will become an important trend in nuclear power plant development.In short, nuclear power generation, as an efficient and clean energy source, has broad development prospects. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the change of energy structure, nuclear power generation will play a more important role in the global energy structure.译文：核发电是一种高效、清洁的能源，具有安全、可靠、可持续等优点。

2022考研英语阅读核能烟雾消散之后The Fukushima crisis will slow the growth of nuclearpower. Might it reverse it?福岛危机将减缓核能的增长，但它是否会扭转其进展势头?FEAR and uncertainty spread faster and fartherthan any nuclear fallout. To date the crisis at theFukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant in Japan, laid low bythe tsunami of March 11th, seems to have done littleif any long-term damage to the environmentbeyond the plants immediate vicinity or to publichealth. In fits and starts, and with various reverses,the situation at the plant has come closer to beingunder control.与任何核辐射相比，恐惊与惶惑的传播速度更快，范围更远。

迄今为止，因311海啸而陷入瘫痪的日本福岛第一核电站，看起来并没有对除电厂毗邻区域以外的环境和公众健康造成多大的长期损害。

伴随着事态的种种反复，福岛核电站的状况已在曲折中更加趋于受控。

But the immediate crisis is far from over. The temperature of the three reactors withdamaged central cores still fluctuates and water systems for the spent-fuel pools are jury-rigged at best. Contaminated food has been found a disconcertingly long way away, although itseems to be being kept out of the food chain.There are worries about tap water in distantTokyo.不过，眼下的危机远未结束。

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点85 认识核能及其合理使用一、阅读理解1Right now, the biggest source of energy(能源) in the world is fossil fuel(矿物燃料). Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal (煤). More than 80 percent of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many p roblems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned, it pollutes the air. Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth, we often cause a lot of harm. Another problem is that we’re running out of it.A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power(核能).Thirty-one countries use nuclear power. A lot of ships also use it.Nuclear power has some advantages(优点). First of all, we can’t run out of nuclear power. Nuclear power does not make the air dirty. Also, if a country has nucle ar power, it doesn’t need to buy as much oil from other countries.However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, nuclear accidents are very serious. In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Russia. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died. In 2011 there was another very serious nuclear accident in Japan. That was several years ago, but Japan is still trying to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident.Many people don’t want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it’s not safe. A lot of people in the United States, Russia, France, Japan, India, and many other countries want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity(电力). Sometimes they get together to show their strong disagreement with nuclear energy.Many people hate nuclear energy, but more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don’t have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.1. In the second sentence of the fifth paragraph, what does the underlined word “it” mean?A. The country.B. Nuclear power.C. A person.D. The electricity.2. What can we learn from the passage?A. Nuclear power is a kind of fossil fuels.B. There were no nuclear accidents in 1986.C. Nuclear power is easy enough to make.D. People may run out of fossil fuel one day.3. The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ________.“That’s why we need new sources ofenergy.”A. Paragraph 1B. Paragraph 3C. Paragraph 4D. Paragraph 54. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A Safe Source of Energy?B. The Best Energy Source in the World!C. Everyone Loves Nuclear Power .D. We Should Only Use Fossil Fuels.【答案】BD AA【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了核能作为许多国家的第一能源是否安全的问题。