Unit 1 Psychology in Our Daily Life
In-Class Reading Is There a Doctor in the Body?
人体内有医生吗？
1 当你去看病时，你总希望离开时能带走一张药方。知道自己能得到一些药会让你感觉好一些。但是医生清楚并不是所有情况都需要用药。有时病人所需要的只是一个一切都会好的保证。在这种情况下，医生可能就会开安慰剂。
2 安慰剂可以是糖丸、无害的针剂，或者空的胶囊。尽管安慰剂中没有任何药物成分，但似乎也能使人康复。病人以为这就是药，然后开始好转。这究竟是怎么回事呢？
3 安慰剂的研究让人们对人体如何进行自愈有了新的认识。就好像我们每个人体内都有一个医生一样，这位“医生”能治好我们的病，如果我们让他治疗的话。
4 但是，我们仍然不清楚安慰剂究竟是如何治病的。有些人说，它能起作用是因为人脑会欺骗自己。这些人说如果能使大脑上当，误以为得到了药物治疗，那么大脑就会像真的得到了药物一样行事，于是身体就会好转。
5 另一些人持不同意见。他们认为病人希望身体好转，而安慰剂能促使这种愿望成真。如果病人知道是安慰剂的话，那就没有效果了。这表明人体并没有上当受骗。情况似乎是这样：如果病人以为他们得到了药物治疗，他们就会充满希望。他们感到自己在接受治疗，这使他们更加强烈地希望身体好转，而正是这种希望帮助他们康复。
6 安慰剂并不总是有效。这种疗法是否成功在很大程度上似乎取决于病人与医生之间的关系。如果病人非常信任医生，而医生又真心想帮助病人的话，安慰剂就更有可能起作用。所以从某种意义上说，医生是最有效的安慰剂。
7 有一项研究可以作为例子来说明医生在促使安慰剂发挥效用的过程中所起的作用。一些溃疡出血的病人被分为两组。第一组病人由一位医生告诉他们用了一种新药，并且相信这种药能够缓解他们的疼痛感。第二组病人由一位护士告诉他们用了一种新药，但是药效如何却不太清楚。结果，第一组中70%的病人病情明显好转，而第二组中只有25%的病人情况有了好转。实际上，给这两组病人用的是同样的安慰剂。
8 人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。它对于晕船、咳嗽、感冒、甚至术后疼痛这样的病症都有帮助。曾经有过一项实验来检验安慰剂是否能帮助老人健康长寿。
9 这项实验是在罗马尼亚的150名60岁以上的老人中进行的。他们被分成三组，每组50人。第一组的老人什么也没给。第二组用了安慰剂。第三组用了真药，并被告知这种药对于因年老而出现的疾病有帮助（实际上它根本不是针对老年人的药）。研究人员对三个组的老人的研究持续了很多年。结果显示第一组的状况与那个村庄里老年人一贯的状况没有什么区别；第二组老人（用了安慰剂的）身体要健康得多，死亡率也降低了；第三组老人（用了真药的）与用安慰剂的那组老人结果大致相同。
10 使用安慰剂也会导致不良后果。如果病人认为吃药会带来不良反应，那么他们用了安慰剂之后也会有不良反应。这似乎表明你对药物产生何种反应在很大程度上是取决于你的心理而不是你的身体。一些医生仍然认为如果安慰剂有可能导致不良后果，那就不该使用。他们觉得对于安慰剂的了解还不够。
11 尽管如此，在别的一些国家，对安慰剂的使用已为人熟知了上百年。在一些非洲国家，部落的医生很早就知道如果病人认为自己会好起来，他们就会好起来。他们采用的很多疗法看似不可能治好病人，但居然行之有效。
12 安慰剂的奇效似乎确实表明人的精神力量比我们所想象的要更为强大。有些人认为你可
以用精神来治愈自己的疾病。有趣的是甚至那些信誓旦旦认为这是不可能的人也因为用了安慰剂而完全康复了。
After-Class Reading
如何消除排队的怒火
1 如果这个假期你在机场或车站排长队，你是会试着去分析一下排队到底有什么地方使你生气呢还是只会对身边的管理人员生气？
2 理查德·拉森教授是麻省理工学院的电气工程师，他也讨厌排队。但是他并未因此而怒发冲冠，相反，他决定要研究这个课题。他的第一个研究结果表明，人们恼怒的程度与等待时间的长短并不直接相关，这也验证了美国国家科学基金会的早期研究。他以休斯顿机场的实验为例。在休斯顿机场，乘客们下飞机之后走到行李提取处得用1分钟，然后再等7分钟才能取到行李。对此旅客怨声不断，尤其是那些等候领取行李的旅客，他们眼睁睁地看着那些只带着手提行李的旅客可以马上走出机场，而自己却要等上7分钟。
3 机场管理机构决定加长乘客下飞机后的步行距离，这样，走到行李提取处需要6分钟，而不再是快速行走1分钟就能到达。当他们最终来到行李提取处时只需要等待2分钟。那些只带着手提行李的乘客却为此多耽误了5分钟，可是旅客们的抱怨几乎下降为零。
4 原因是什么？拉森指出，这一切都与他称之为“社会公正”的现象有关。人们看到别人抄近路，就会觉得自己的等待难以忍受。因此，对于机场来说，让每个人都耽误一下的做法是可取的。
5 拉森研究了另一个方面，他观察到：如果不告知人们发生了什么，他们就会变得更加不满。那些知道会耽搁半小时的乘客会比那些莫名其妙等候20分钟的乘客情绪要好一些。
6 但是即使知道了我们得等多长时间也不能解决所有问题。我们还要相信有关方面正在采取一切措施来减少耽误的时间。拉森以美国两家相邻的银行为例。一家高度计算机化，为每个顾客服务的时间平均为30秒。另一家自动化程度比较低，为顾客服务需要两倍的时间。但是因为第二家银行的出纳员看起来非常忙碌，顾客们以为它的服务更快，于是许多人把账户转到了这家效率低的银行。最终，第一家银行不得不引进费时但看起来却更具活力的工作方法。
课内阅读练习答案
Part One Preparation
1.Psychology in Daily Life
Sample
Peer pressure greatly influences my personal decisions. For example, if all my classmates keep silent when the English teacher raises a question, I won’t raise my hand even when I know the answer. If all my friends have their hair dyed, I might dye my hair too. Otherwise I would think my hair style is not fashionable. I make such choices because I want to fit in and be accepted and approved by my friends. I think their friendship and approval are important to me.
●I think peer pressure can have both positive and negative effects on us, depending on the
outcome and consequences. For example, when peers pressure each other to try their best in studies and sports, the outcome will often be positive. However, if peers pressure each other to do things such as smoking, speeding or bullying, the results will be negative.
●I think those who suffer from peer pressure should try to build up their own self-esteem and
self-confidence. They should know that everybody can go their own way and if their behavior or decision is different from others’, it won’t be the end of the world. When they become confident enough, they will feel free to make decisions for themselves.
2.Getting to Know Your Classmates
Sample
Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings:
? Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in shopping. Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping is done. In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they may do a lot of shopping.
? Some people do not eat beef because of their religious beliefs. For example, Hindus do not eat beef. Others do not eat beef because of their family eating habits or because they are vegetarians. Still ot hers do not eat beef because they think it’s too cruel to kill cows—cows will be in tears before being killed.
? Bus service in some places is very poor. Buses there are usually crowded and dirty. That’s why people don’t like to ride on a bus, and when the y are on a bus, they may get sick. The result will probably be that they dislike riding on a bus even more.
? Those who frequently talk to themselves are often timid and reserved. They can express their own feelings by doing so. Some people talk to themselves because they are not sure of themselves. They can practice talking to others in their imagination, i.e., by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them.
? Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are poisonous. Bite s from poisonous snakes can be fatal if there is no immediate treatment. Other people dislike them because they think all snakes are ugly and disgusting.
? People sometimes associate danger, threat or even ghosts with darkness. In darkness, people may feel lonely and helpless. And, at the same time, they may be afraid that something bad may happen at any moment.
? Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them. In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and try almost anything to keep slim. Everyone hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and most try to follow the trend.
? Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrifty. They are afraid that if they spend all the money they have, they will have nothing to rely on later. With as much money as they can save, they’ll at least have a sense of security.
? People who hate queuing are impatient. They think it is a waste of time to queue. So they try to avoid queuing. Some peo ple jump the queue when possible, but it’s not a good practice.
When you jump the queue you’re stealing time from other people. If you hate queuing, try to avoid it.
? Some people may fear ghosts after they have heard or read ghost stories. Those who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them too. People who have experienced very unusual things at
night that they couldn’t explain may believe that ghosts were involved in the incidents.
? Some people believe that everyone has a particular fate. It is fate tha t determines their lives. They are anxious to find out what their future will be like. So they may go to a fortune-teller in order to learn about their future in advance. When they have serious problems they may also want to go to a fortune-teller hoping that the fortune-teller will let them know what to do to solve the problems.
? Some people care a lot about their physical appearance. They want to be properly dressed in order to impress other people, and they may be unsure of themselves. So they may stand in front of a mirror for more than 10 minutes deciding if they look impressive.
3. A Fun Test: Come Along on an Incredible Journey into the Desert!
The desert represents a series of hardships. Each of the animals represents an aspect of your life, and the order in which you sacrifice the animals might be said to represent the importance of these things to you.
The animal that you sacrificed first is the least important, and the one that you kept may be the most important. The cow represents basic needs.
The sheep represents friendship.
The lion represents pride.
The monkey represents creativity.
The horse represents passion.
Additional activity
Another Fun Test for Your Reference:
1 You are walking to your boyfriend’s / girlfriend’s house. There are two r oads to get there. One is
a straight path to take you there quickly, but is very plain and boring. The other is significantly long but is full of wonderful sights and interesting things. Which one do you take, the short one or the long one?
2 On the way you see two rose bushes. One is full of red roses, and the other white roses. You decide to pick 20 roses for your friend, of any color combination. What number of white and red do you pick? (You can pick all of one color or any combination of the two.)
3 You finally get to the house. A family member answers the door. You can either have him / her tell your friend you have arrived, or go find your friend yourself. Which would you do?
4 You go up to your friend’s room, but nobody is there. You decide to leave the roses there. Do you leave them by the windowsill (窗台) or on the bed?
5 Later, it’s time for bed. You and your friend go to sleep in separate rooms. In the morning when it’s time to wake up, you go to your friend’s room and check on him / her. When you arrive, do you think he / she is more probably awake or asleep?
6 Now it’s time to go back home. Will you take the short, plain road or the long, more interesting road?
The Answers:
1 The road represents your attitude toward falling in love. If you take the short road, you fall in love quickly and easily. If you take the long road, you prefer to take your time and do not fall in love easily.
2 The number of red roses represents how much you give in a relationship, while the number of
white represents what you expect in return. For example, if you choose 18 red and 2 white, you give 90% and expect 10% in return.
3 This represents your attitude toward handling relationship problems. If you asked the family member to find your friend, then you like to avoid problems and hope that they will solve themselves. If you went to get him / her yourself, then you are a more direct person and like to work out problems immediately.
4 The placement of roses determines how much you enjoy visiting your boyfriend / girlfriend. Placing the roses on the bed means you like to visit your friend, while placing them on the windowsill means that you may prefer not seeing him / her as much.
5 This is representative of your attitude toward your friend’s personality. If you hope to see them asleep, you may love your friend the way they are. If you hope to see them awake, you may expect them to change their personality for you.
6 The road taken indicates how long you prefer to stay in love with someone. If you choose the short road, you fall out of love easily. If you choose the long one, you will tend to stay in love for a long time.
Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1.
1. Introduction (Paras. 1-2)
The term “placebo” is introduced: when it is prescr ibed and what it is.
2. The study of the placebo (Paras. 3-7)
A One explanation: The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.
B The other explanation: The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.
C The most powerful placebo of all: the doctor.
Supporting evidence:
First group (led by a doctor): 70 percent of the people got better.
Second group (led by a nurse): Only 25 percent of the people got better.
3. Different cases in which a placebo may work (Paras. 8-9)
The placebo has been found to work with seasickness, coughs, colds, and pain after an operation. An experiment was done to see if it works with old people:
The first group were given nothing at all.
Result: The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been.
The second group were given a placebo.
Result: The second group had much better health and a lower death rate.
The third group were given a real drug and told that it would help with the problems of old age.
Result: The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.
4. Two opposite attitudes toward the use of a placebo (Paras. 10-11):
Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.
Other countries are known to have been using placebos for hundreds of years.
5. Conclusion (Para. 12)
It is suggested that the human mind may be stronger than we think it is.
2.
1 placebo
2 reacts
3 work
4 mind
5 case
6 reality
7 relationship
8 trust 9 powerful 10 cases 11 healthy 12 effects 13 medicine 14 placebo
15 stronger
3.Sample
1. I think there is a “doctor” in the body and it is the mind. Usually when we are quite confident, we will react as if everything will go well. That is to say, when we are mentally sure that we will get better, the body will start functioning better. On the contrary, if we lose confidence, our illness will probably get worse. I really believe in the power of “mind over matter”.
2. It depends. If I got better, I would feel lucky to have been given a placebo instead of real medicine because medicine often has some side effects. I would be proud of my willpower and become more confident of myself. However, if I didn’t get better, I would be unhappy and feel I was fooled or mistreated. I would probably never go back to that doctor. It sounds unfair to the doctor. Anyway, that’s what I think about placebos.
Vocabulary
1.
1. A a substance used for treating illness
B the study and practice of treating or preventing illnesses and injuries
2. A firing a gun
B an injection of a drug
3. A the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work
B a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside
4. A become whole and sound; return to health
B become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience
5. A a particular way of behaving toward sb. or of dealing with them
B a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness
6. A the process of cutting into sb.’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged
B the process of making a machine or system work
7. A a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with
B a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group
8. A make sb. think that a particular thing is true; indicate
B tell sb. your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc.
2.
1 A
2 E
3 F
4 D
5 G
6 H
7 C
8 B
3.
1 prescribed / prescribes
2 opening up
3 reaction
4 reassure
5 bled
6 in a way
7 heal
8 harmless
Translation
1 All I can say is that we are extremely sorry to wake you up so early.
2 He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.
3 The way she talked to me was odd / strange, as if I were the president of the country.
4 It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.
5 The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.
6 He’d like to stay at home rather than go to a movie with us.
Part Three Further Development
1.Grammar Review
1 I comfort myself with the fact that all my friends support me.
2 In medical school, I learned / was taught the truth that almost all drugs have side effects.
3 We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should) be put off.
4 I hold the opinion that women need their own space to (be able to) talk freely.
5 Have you read about the report that more and more trees will be planted in the next five years?
6 I just read in the news that fewer and fewer businesses ask their employees to wear formal dress.
7 The first belief is that at present, the employment situation on the whole is good.
8 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
2.Vocabulary Review
1
A reasonable / sensible: (of a price) fair and not too high (公道的，合理的)
B sensible (of sth.): knowing or realizing that sth. exists or is true
C reasonable: not too much, too many, too great (适度的)
2
A absorbed (in sth.): interested in sth. so much that one doesn’t pay attention to other things
(专心的，全神贯注的)
B absorbs: takes in sth. instead of reflecting it (吸收)
C addicted: devoted to sth. habitually or compulsively (沉溺于)
3
A stems / stemmed (from sth.): exist or happen as a result of (源于，来自)
B stem (from): have as an origin or cause (源于，来自)
C rooted: firmly established (根深蒂固的)
4
A response: sth. that is said or written as a reply (作为对……的回答)
B reaction: what you feel, say or do because of sth. that has happened or you have experienced (反应)
C reaction: your ability to move quickly when sth. dangerous happens suddenly (反应)
6. Identifying Psychological Principles in Ads
Sample
The ad we are going to talk about is the Dove chocolate ad. In this ad a woman swings on a white hammock (吊床) while she eats Dove chocolate. The music played along with the ad is a relaxed music that you would usually associate with a romantic movie. The setting is also romantic; it’s set on top of a building in a country which looks like Italy or some other country that you would associate with romance. It is also important to note that the girl is very beautiful and wearing a flowing dress. Although no handsome fairytale men appear in the ad, it is still obvious that the advertisers want viewers to associate chocolate with freedom and romance, two things highly sought out in Western culture.
Perception and selective attention both play important roles in this ad. They cause things like the beautiful girl, the romantic setting, and the calm, romantic music to stand out. Our selective attention focuses on these things because they represent freedom and romance, something that most people want in their lives. Classical conditioning is also used in this ad, although swinging on a hammock with melodious music playing in a foreign country has no direct connections with freedom and romance.
Gender roles are promoted in this ad as well. If the advertisers chose to put a handsome man on the hammock, it would not have had the same effect as when they put the girl on the hammock.
In our society most handsome men are associated with fast cars, hard work and beer, etc. In the Dove ad, putting a man on the hammock definitely wouldn’t work.
Part Four Writing and Translation
2. Translation Practice
A: What are you doing?
B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychol ogy.
A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology.
B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life.
A: For example?
B: For example, people can’t resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much better
Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
Unit 1 课文翻译及课后练习翻译参考答案 课文翻译： Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们也承认自己的迷茫：在这个变幻莫测的时代，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也感到纠结——一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终，本科教育的质量将由毕业生参与社会与公民活动的主动性来衡量。雷霍德·尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有奉献社会，才能了解自我。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心（或直译：一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心），他将会失去自我。”理想化的本科教育应该反映在超越自我中。在这一个残酷的、竞争激烈的社会，人们期望大学生能具备正直、文明，甚至富有同情心的人格品质，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合（或直译：希望大学的人文教育能使大学生在与他人的人际交往中具备人文情怀，这是否合适）? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。这迫切需要美国教育有助于弥合公共政策与公众理解程度之间的极具危险性、正日益加深的鸿沟。建设性思考政府议程问题所必备的知识似乎越来越无法掌握。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。他们问，如果一些非专业人士甚至不懂专业术语，怎么可能让他们去讨论重大的政策选择问题? 核能的利用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 公民们带着类似的困惑讨论“星球大战”问题，试图搞懂那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及相互竞争中的有线电视公司对许可证的申请等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家来解决。这些专家讨论专门术语，常常不是阐明问题，反而使问题变得让人迷惑不解。然而，公共生活的复杂性，要求更多、而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极、而非更消极的公众参与。 对于那些关心“民治”政府的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜、危在旦夕，无知是不可取的。由视野有限的专家完全控制政策制定，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们如果不能找到更好的方法教育自己，如果不能提出难题，并得到满意的答案，那么我们会冒险做一些关键性的决定，不是基于我们所了解的知识，而是基于对一两个所谓专家的盲目信任。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育(well-informed)、关心他人(caring)的人士。他们能作为公民，本着服务大众的精神，团结一致，相互学习，参与到民主建设之中。 我们需要关心公众事务的人，他们能参与调查，知道如何提出合适的问题，了解公民政策制定的程序，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出有根据的、敏锐的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府”要有生命力的话，大学相对于其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的开明领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，所需的视野不仅要着眼国内，还必须放眼世界。当代大学生必须还了解其它国家的民族与文化。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖
1.荷兰人在饭馆吃饭时真的会各自付账吗？ Do Dutch people really go Dutch at a restaurant? 2.另一方面来说，诚实的人会赢得别人的尊敬。 On the other hand, an honest man win other’s respect. 3.无论我说了什么，都请不要生我的气。 Whatever I say, please don’t be mad at me. 4.真是难以置信，这样简单的主意以前竟没有人想到。 It is incredible that no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before. 5.她的心情一会儿高兴，一会儿绝望。 Her mood alternate between happiness and despair. 6.我们必须相信我们所做的事情，即使别人不相信。 We must believe in what we do, even when others don’t. 7.在大城市里，在寒冷的冬季，许多老年人死于污染的空气。 During the cold winters in big cities, many old people die from the polluted air. 8.我过去习惯早起，并且在早餐前散步一小时。 I used to get up early, and take a walk for one hour before breakfast. 9.要在不到一周的时间内完成这项工作，时间困难的事情。 It is hard to finish this work in less than one week. 10.到这部戏剧的结尾部分，很多观众都被深深感动了。 A lot of audiences were deeply affected at the end of the drama. 11.他以前比现在上门出诊多得多。 He used to make many more house calls than he does now. 12.我们在阅兵场上肩并肩地排成一行。 We lined up on the parade ground shoulder to shoulder. 13.不管他在不在对我们的工作不会有影响。 Whether he is here or not will make no difference to our work. 14.关于这件事的说法实在令人难以置信。 That is a tall story about this event. 15.我们尽了最大的努力以确保仪式正常进行。 We have tried our best to keep the ceremony on the rails. 16.他在会议一开始就讲了几个笑话，让大家放松了一些。 He started the meeting with a couple of jokes to make us relax. 17.虽然生了一场大病，但他会赶上大家的。 He would catch up with the rest of us, although he had been ill seriously. 18.一旦人们看到有些东西确实有效，就更有可能接受它。 One people have seen that something really works, they are more likely to accept it. 19.除了法语外，他还得学日语。 In addition to French, he has to learn Japanese. 20.这影片如此感人以至我们禁不住流下泪来。 This movie is so impressive that we can’t help crying. 21.把这么多书分类整理要花很多的时间。 It takes plenty of time to sort so many books. 22.这次地震带来了相当大的灾难，同样也带来了经历和力量。 The earthquake brought considerable misfortunes and it also brought experience and strength. 23.大多数人对心理健康问题几乎一无所知。 Most people know little about the mental health problem. 24.他们容忍了儿子的行为。 They have put up with their son’s behavior. 25.他长期以来致力于高科技的研究和开发。 He has been devoted to the research and the development of high tech all the time. 26.今晚中央电视台将播出一部名为“同一个世界，同一个梦想”的纪录片。Tonight CCTV will air a documentary named “One word, one dream.” 27.这些课程吸引了各行各业的人。 These courses attract people from all walks of life. 28.他们正在研究如何在地震中更好的逃生。 They are studying better ways to survive in earthquake. 29.这种做法不符合我们的政策。 Such act would be in disaccord with our policy. 30.他称她为他最好的一半。 He refers to her as his better half. 31.我们所能做的就是培养自己去全力对付它，而不是去躲避它。 What we can do is to train ourselves to deal with it, not to avoid it. 32.他们设计将疾病控制在小范围内。 They manage to limit the disease within a small area. 33.我既没有钱也没有时间去旅行。 I have neither money nor time for travelling. 34.此外，购买新车也是主要消费之一。 In addition, purchasing a new car is also a major spending. 35.他的课业很好。 He is getting on well with his school work. 36.没有人确切地知道当初人们是如何学会保存食物的。 No one knows for sure how people first learned to preserve food. 37.她没有领会他话中的幽默。 She didn’t pick up on the humor in his words. 38.这是对我们共同度过的那些美好时光的留念。 This is a reminder of the good time we spent together. 39.每个国家、每个民族都有自己的历史文化传统。 Every country and every nation has its own historical and cultural traditions. 40.几年以后，那些山也将被树木覆盖。 In a few years’ time, those maintain will also be covered with forest. 41.光明的未来往往建立在对过去遗忘的基础之上。 The bright future will always be on the base of a forgotten past. 42.我们在父母家优美的环境中放松了一下午。 We spent the afternoon relaxing in the beautiful surroundings of my parent’s home. 43.我需要一把剪刀把这篇报纸文章剪下来。 I need a scissors to cue off the article of newspaper. 44.这是到目前为止我们所收到的最大一项捐赠。 This is the biggest donation we have received up to now. 45.我们对做这么多作业感到厌倦。 We are tired of doing so much homework. 46.拼写问题可能也和书写不整洁有关。 Spelling problems can be related to the untidy writings.
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第三册）答案1~8 Unit 1 5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. curious 2. affects 3. emergency 4. locked 5. Relatively 6. complaining 7. protested 8. react 9. mood 10. unique 11. consciousness 12. surgery 6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. the bottom line 2. thanks to 3. reflect on 4. had lost touch 5. went through 6. followed around 7. looking on 8. woke up 9. take action 10. after all 10. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work, I asked him to look on the bright side. 2. The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up at gunpoint in a nearby building. 3. When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation, instead of correcting them as soon as possible, Mary protested that it was not her fault. 4. Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues, but he didn’t get it. 5. Thanks to his positive attitude, Jack took action and saved his own life before he lost consciousness in the emergency room. 6. When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past, I have to say that success comes from hard work. That’s the bottom line. Unit 2 5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. intense 2. concept 3. committed 4. deserve 5. selfish 6. compromise 7. matters 8. opponent 9. influence 10. effort 11. shortcuts 12. evidence 6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. work at 2. According to 3. run through 4. in sight 5. live with 6. a variety of 7. When it comes to 8. live up to 10. Translate the following sentences into English.
必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds,
实用英语-美发专业英语翻译洗头：shampoo /：hair shampoo 烫发：permanent 剪发：cut/hair cutting 染发：color/hair coloring 吹风(发)：blow/blowdrying 护发：treatment/hair treatment 修指甲：manicure 修脚甲：pedicure 洗澡：take a bath 打烊：It's is close'd 便宜：cheap 不劳点：P.S 赶快：hurry up /quickly 小费：tip 结帐：pay the bill 较贵：expensive 完成：finished 劳水：set 折扣：discount
钱：money 整发做花：hair setting 发型设计：hair design 手指卷法：pin curl 化妆：make up 按摩：massage 全套服务：full service 快速服务：quick service 免费服务：free service 指甲保养：nail care 产品(product)&工具(instrument)头发：hair 冷烫液： cold wave/ perm 洗发精：shampoo 护发霜：hair care/conditioner 发胶：gel 定型液：hair spary 染发剂：hair color 发雕：lotion 正常(一般)：normal 受损：danger
卷发：curl 乾燥：dry 湿的：wet 润丝：rinse 平梳：comb 镜子：mirror 吹风机：hair dryer 毛巾：towel 剪刀：scissors 发夹：hair pick 帽子：cap 削刀：razor 模特儿：model 发叉：hair pin 冷烫卷：perm rod 冷烫纸：perm paper 橡皮筋：rubber band 工作车：setting cart 洗发槽：shampoo sink 发刷：brush 圆梳：round brush
Unit 1 5. 1.她一家商店一家商店的看，最后以她能付出的价格买了她所需要的东西。She shopped around till she got what she wanted at a price she could afford. 2.除了向我要东西，他从不跟我说话。 He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 3.你永远应该以搞好你的工作为目的。 You should always aim at doing your job well. 4.几个星期来她一直呆在家中照顾有病的父亲。 She has been tied to the house for weeks looking after her invalid father. 5.修建这条路是为了缓解交通拥挤。 The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. 6.社会是由形形色色的人组成的。有些人很好，有些人很坏，也有些人介乎两者之间。 Society is made up of a wide variety of people; some are good, others (are) bad, and still others (are) in between. Unit 2 5 1.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你如何解释？ How do you account for the fact that you've been late every day this week? 2.政府已经承诺改善落后地区人民的生活条件。 The government has committed itself to improving the life conditions of the people living in the underdeveloped areas. 3.据最新报道，这次火车交通事故造成多名乘客死亡。 According to the latest report, the train accident resulted in the death of several passengers. 4.多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。 Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 5.他试图竞争学校学生会主席，但是没有成功。 He attempted to compete for the position of chairman of the Students' Union,
Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2
九年级英语U n i t1-课 文翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
Unit 1 课文翻译 Section A 杰克：安妮，我有点紧张。我得读完一本书并在下周一做读书报告。 安妮：那听起来并不太糟糕嘛。 杰克：但是，我是一个书读得很慢的人。 安妮：开始可读得快些，获取大意。不要一个字一个字地读，要按意群读。 杰克：可有许多单词我不懂，我还得用字典。 安妮：尽力尝试从读单词的前后句子去猜测它的意思。你可能要比你想的要懂得多谢。 杰克：那听上去好难啊！ 安妮：嗯，得耐心点。这得慢慢来。每天读点你喜欢的东西，你会变得好一些。你读得越多，便会读得越快。 我是怎样学会学习英语的 去年，我并不喜欢上英语课，每一节课都像一场噩梦。老师说得太快，大多数时候我都听不懂。我又害怕问问题，因为我的发音不好。我就躲在课本后面，从来不说什么。 后来有一天我看到了一部名叫《玩具总动员》的英文电影。我爱上了这部令人兴奋和有趣的影片！所以我也开始看其他英文电影了。虽然我不明白那些角色所说的一切，但他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情能帮助我明白期中的意思。我还意识到我可以通过听关键词
来理解意思。通过听英文电影的对白，我的发音也进步了。我发现听有趣的东西是学习语言的诀窍。我还学会了像It’s a piece of cake .（这简直就是小菜一碟）和It serves you right ( 你活该) 这样有用的句子。最初我并不明白这些句子的意思，但是我想要弄明白整个故事，我便查了字典。 现在我真喜欢上我的英语课。我想要学更多生词和更多语法，这样我才能更好地理解英文电影。 Section B ,2b 你如何成为一名成功的学习者？ 每个人学习的能力与生俱来，但是你能否做好取决于你的学习习惯。研究表明，成功的学习者有一些共同的好习惯。 建立对所学内容的兴趣 研究显示，如果你对某件事情感兴趣，你的大脑便会更加活跃，同时你也更容易长时间集中精力。优秀学习者通常把他们所学的内容与一些有趣的东西结合起来。例如，如果他们需要学习英语，同时他们又喜欢音乐和体育，他们可以听英文歌曲或看英语的体育节目，这样他们不会感到乏味。 多加练习，并从失败中学习 好的学习者会思考他们擅长什么以及那些方面需要多加练习。记住：“要么用，要么丧失”即便有些东西你学的很好，除非你使用它，否则也会遗忘。”“熟能生巧。”好的学习者最自己的所学坚持练习，并且他们不怕犯错，亚历山大. 格雷勒姆。贝尔发明电话并
定计划-简单实用英语翻译 451. What do you plan to do tomorrow? 明天你打算做什么？ 452. I doubt that I'll do anything tomorrow. 明天我恐怕什么也不做。 453. Please excuse me for a little while. I want to do something. 对不起，请稍等一会儿，我要办点事。 454. I imagine I'll do some work instead of going to the movies. 我想干点活，不去看电影了。 455. Will it be convenient for you to explain your plans to him? 你把你的计划向他讲一下，方便吗？ 456. There's nothing to do because tomorrow is a holiday. 明天是假日所以没事可做。 457. What's your brother planning to do tomorrow? 你的兄弟明天打算做什么？ 458. He can't decide what to do. 他决定不了要干什么。 459. It's difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts.
不了解全部事实，很难作决定。 460. We're trying to plan our future. 我们正点想法替将来作打算。 461. That's a good idea. 那是个好主意。 462. I'm hoping to spend a few days in the mountains. 我希望在山区住几天。 463. Would you consider going north this summer? 今年夏天你考虑到北方去吗？ 464. If there's a chance you'll go, I'd like to go with you. 如果你有机会去，我想和你一起去。 465. After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 等你想好了，请把你的决定告诉我。
UNIT1 Oxford University牛津大学 Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100's. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London. 牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界最著名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。 The university has over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hilda's and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. 牛津大学有16,300多名学生（1999－2000），其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院，还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私人学院。5个私人学院中，有3个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students. 牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师，其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，遴选自己的管委会，选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。 Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors. 牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次，学生如需专业指导，还可以去约见其他的导师，也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。 The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects. 学位由大学授予，而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高的学位，颁发文凭和证书。 The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain.