大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题
Passage One Conflict between President Johnson and Congress
摘要：约翰逊总统赞成对南方采取宽松政策,而国会则倾向于采取惩罚性方案。他们之间的意见是针锋相对的。
Another example of the exercise of power by Congress was the action it took during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War. It has already been noted that President Johnson favored a lenient policy toward the South and attempted to carry on Lincoln’s “10 per cent plan.” He pardoned most of the Southern leaders and permitted them to restore their state governments. They were permitted to elect Senators and Representatives.
Congress, however, led by the Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens, had other ideas about the handling of the defeated Confederacy. Congress favored punitive policies. The South should be treated as conquered territory, and its readmission should be handled by Congress rather than the President. Congress opposed the “Johnson Government” and the “Black Codes” passed by Southern states which virtually restored former slaves to their masters. Accordingly, it passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This measure divided the south into five military districts and provided that a seceded state would be readmitted in the Union only after it had ratified the 14th Amendment which provided that all persons born or naturalized in the United States should be citizens of the United States and of the state in which they resided; granted equality before the law to all persons; and prohibited a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Congress also barred rebel leaders from federal office, repudiated the Confederate debt, and reduced the representation of states which barred qualified person from voting. Later it adopted the 15th Amendment guaranteeing the Negroes the right to vote.
Johnson vigorously opposed these measures. He vetoed the Reconstruction Act and others, only to see Congress repass them over his veto. After such passage of the Tenure of Office Act, Johnson, believing it unconstitutional, violated it and removed a member of his Cabinet without consulting Congress. The House of Representatives
proceeded to impeach Johnson. The Senate, however, failed, by one vote, to reach the two-thirds majority necessary for his removal.
Notes:
1. lenient adj. 宽大的，仁慈的，慈悲为怀的
2. Punitive adj. 刑罚的，惩罚性的
3. Secede vi. 正式脱离或退出，分离
4. repudiate v. 批判
1. The title most suitable for the passage is
A) The Power of Congress
B) The impeachment of President Johnson
C) Conflict between president Johnson and congress
D) The Power of Congress during the Reconstruction Period
2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A) President Johnson believed that the Reconstruction Act of 1867 should be
carried out.
B) Johnson failed to be impeached because anyhow the President should have
more power than Congress.
C) The states which seceded could be admitted to the Union on the condition
that they approve of the 14th Amendment.
D) The President doesn’t ha ve the right to remove a Cabinet member without
consulting Congress.
3. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 ______
A) affirmed the “Black Codes”.
B) Was vetoed by the President.
C) Was lenient in the treatment of the seceded states.
D) Was declared unconstitutional by the President.
4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A) All those who are born in America are regarded as American citizens.
B) Congress stipulated that leaders of Confederacy shouldn’t enter upon federal office.
C) Negroes didn’t have the right to vote until the 15th Amendment was passed.
D) A state can’t deprive any person of liberty
5. The paragraph preceeding this passage is most likely concerned with _____.
A) the situation during the Civil War
B) President Johnson’s anecdotes
C) Presidents’ power
D) The exercise of power by Congress
答案：Passage one
1. C. 本文共三段，第一段总括Congress具有一定的权威，President Johnson 对南方采取宽松政策。第二段专门讲Congress。第三段写了Johnson，他们之间的意见是针锋相对的，故选项C最为合适。
2. D. 参见第三段第三、四句话。Johnson擅自罢免内阁成员，下院马上就弹劾总统，说明Johnson这样做属于越权行为。
3. B. 参见第三段第二句话，Johnson次开发否决了这一法令和其它一些法令。
4. D. 参见第二段后半部分，D）选项错误，个州当然有权剥夺罪犯的自由权，只是要依照法律行事，而不是任意剥夺。
5．D. 参见文章第一句话。“Another example…” 说明在这之前已经提到过国会行使权力的一个例子。
Passage Two Air Bags
摘要：全文主要讲述的是气袋的发明原因和功用.由于交通事故不断出现，美国政府及私人企业共同发明了一种装置，即气袋。它在人与汽车之间起着护垫的作用。
Car crashes are the leading cause of death among Americans from one to thirty-four. About 60 people are killed daily in front seats of cars, and more than 800 people are injured seriously. These deaths and injuries occur because the car’s occupants crash into its interior after the vehicle hits an object and stops. At 30 miles per hour, an unprotected passenger weighing 150 pounds crashes with a force of 4,500 pounds into the steeling wheel, dashboard, or windshield, or is thrown through the car window.
For many years, government agencies and private companies have worked together to develop a device that will protect the occupants of a car automatically during a crash. This research has led to the air bag---an automatic crash protection system that is quicker than the blink of an eye.
An air bag is a safety device that is built into the steering wheel or dashboard of a car. In a serious crash of the front of the car---equal to hitting a brick wall at a speed
greater than 12 miles per hour---a crash sensor activates the air bag. The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash. The sensors can tell the difference between impacts that should inflate the bag (those severe enough to cause injury) and those not intended to inflate the bag (fender-benders in parking lots, or fast stops). The bag inflates within one-tenth of a second and creates a protective pad between the person and the car. The air bag inflates and deflates rapidly. The cycle is over in less than one second.
Air bags are now available in some car models. Many manufacturers plan to offer air bag systems over the next few years. They are an effective form of protection. But for full protection in all kinds of crashes, lap and shoulder safety belts must be used with the air bag.
Notes:
1. dashboard n. 挡泥板
2. fender-bender n. 折弯装置
3. pad n. 护垫
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A) car crashes
B) safety belts
C) inflation and deflation in a car.
D) air bags
2. How long does it take an air bag to inflate and deflate?
A) 10 seconds B) longer than 1 minute
C) less than one second D) 12 seconds
3. Which part of the body were air bags designed to protect?
A) the legs B) the head C) the back D) the feet
4. What is the major function of the sensors, according to the passage?
A) The sensors form an automatic crash protection system.
B) The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash.
C) The sensors can tell the difference between serious impact and slight impacts.
D) The sensor activates the air bag.
5. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A) The sensors that activate air bags do not work very well.
B) People need to use safety belts in order to protect themselves from death or injury while riding in a car.
C) Air bags can reduce the number of deaths and injuries from automobile accidents.
D) The methods used to test the safety of cars need to be changed.
答案：
Passage two
1. D. 全文主要讲述的是气袋的发明与功用，因而选A）。
2. C. 第三段最后两句表明气袋鼓起和缩小只需要不到1秒钟的时间，因而C）正确。
3. B. 从文中第三段第一句可知气袋的放置位置是汽车的驾驶盘或挡泥板里，本段第八行又说气袋为人和车之间提供了一个保护垫，从这两点可推测气袋是主要保护人的上半身的，尤其是头，因而选B）。
4. D. 此题问感受器的功用。B，C不是功用，是原理。因而选D。
5. C. 本文主要讨论的是气袋的作用与原理，只有C主要谈及气袋。
Passage 3: Policy against Smoking
摘要：全文中作者冷嘲热讽，抨击了各国政府在禁烟问题上的暧昧态度和不十分有效的政策，指出这些政策的长远后果，意在敦促各国政府正视现实，尽快采取强有力的禁烟措施。
If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell on evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so luke-warm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax.. It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster
sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns: Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is mainly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
Notes:
1. bronchial adj. 支气管的
2. hypocrisy n. 虚伪
3. luke-warm adj. 拥护和反对都不热心的
4. conceivably adj. 可以想象的
1. What do you think is the author’s intention to write the article?
A) To urge governments to conduct serious campaigns against smoking.
B) To emphasize the harm smoking does to man.
C) To show why governments are reluctant to fight against smoking.
D) To urge smokers to give up smoking.
2. We can infer from the passage that the author’s attitude towards those who are still suspicious of the negative effects of smoking is _____.
A) sympathetic B) friendly C) luke-warm D) sarcastic
3. What’s the indication of the advertisements by the tobacco industry?
A) It is unhealthy to smoke.
B) Smoking belongs to the upper class alone.
C) It is mainly to smoke, even positively healthy.
D) Cigarettes do not cost as much as you have imagined.
4. The author would probably describe the British government’s policy concerning smoking as _____.
A) short-sighted B) satisfactory C) effective D) popular
5. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT ________.
A) governments collect a great amount of money from the tobacco industry.
B) Most governments hold ambiguous attitudes toward new findings about the harm of smoking.
C) Some governments have taken radical measures against smoking.
D) Advertisements by tobacco industry are quite dishonest.
答案：
Passage Three
1．A. 全文中作者冷嘲热讽，抨击了各国政府在禁烟问题上的暧昧态度和
不十分有效的政策，指出这些政策的长远恶果，意在敦促个国政府正视现实，尽快采取强有力的禁烟措施。B、C均不全面。D指向了个人，而本文指向的是政府。
2．D. sarcastic意为“嘲讽的”，见第一段前三句：“。。。毫无疑问，你是在自欺欺人。没人会指责你虚伪，让我们这么说吧，你不过是胡思乱想昏了头。””wishful thinking” :thinking or believing that something is true, because one wishes it were true.
3．C. 最后一段后半段中，作者指出政府的一个失责之处，即允许香烟广告的存在，这些广告误导消费派，使人产生吸烟体现男子汉气质，甚至健康体魄的错觉。A正好相反。B、D文中未涉及。
4．A. Short-sighted从“近视”引伸为“没有远见”，见第一段最后一句及第三段第一句。尽管英国政府禁止香烟广告，但它没有更激烈的禁烟措施，所以作者仍然不满。
5．C. 第一段讲“只有少数政府采取了相当保守的措施”。Timid意为“胆怯的”。B见第二段luke-warm（拥护或反对都不热心的，暧昧的）这个词。A见第二段。D是第四段“dishonest”和“utter nonsense”两词。
Passage Four On Laziness
摘要：懒惰既有缺点又有优点。懒惰可能带来许多坏处同时也是一种疾病。但懒惰也有许多益处：一些伟大的科学发现等都是偶然或是在某人游手好闲时完成的。
Laziness is a sin. Everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people
who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are also busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating---rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, and researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “ goofing off”. Newton wasn’t working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “ laziness” were caused by the worker’s taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy”---that is , taking time off for a rest---is good for overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who’s simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when you are tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.
Notes:
1. procrastinate v. 延迟
2. procrastinator n. 拖延者
3. goofing off 游手好闲
1．The main idea of this passage is that _______.
A) laziness is a moral sin
B) there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy
C) laziness is a sign of deep-seated emotional problems
D) lazy people do more careful work
2. The passage states that _____.
A) laziness is a disease
B) some people appear lazy because they are insecure
C) laziness is more beneficial than harmful
D) a good definition of laziness is emotional illness
3. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?
A) The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.
B) Most of the time laziness is a virtue.
C) Most assembly line workers are lazy.
D) Most insecure people are lazy.
4. The final paragraph is _____.
A) somber
B) humorous
C) serious
D) trite （陈腐的）
5. The word “devised” in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A) formulated
B) understood
C) wrote
D) proved
答案：
Passage four
1. B. 此题考察归纳能力。通读全文，不难得出第一段为缺点，第二段为优点。所以B是正确答案。
2. D. 此题可用排除法解题。选项A，B，C在文中均未提及，都应被排除，故选D。
3. A. 此题可用排除法解题。选项B，C，D在文中均未提及，都应被排除，故选A。
4. B. 通读第二段，可知作者用一种轻松诙谐的笔触把懒惰和成功联系起来说明懒惰的益处，观点颇为新颖，其笔调既不是忧郁、严肃，也不是陈腐的，因此选B。
5. A. 根据短文第二段第四句，答案为A。
Passage Five Fight for Freedom
摘要：本文是一篇演讲词。全文鼓励美国士兵为自由而战。
The time is now near a hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to have any property they can call their own; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of a brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer to die.
Our own, out country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessing and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.
Liberty, property, life, and honor are all at stake, upon your courage and conduct rest the hopes of our bleeding and insulted country; our wives, children, and parents except safety from us, only; and they have every reason to believe that Heaven will crown with success so just a cause.
The enemy will endeavor to intimidate by show and appearance; but , remember, they have been repulsed on various occasions by a few brave Americans, their cause is bad---their men are conscious of it; and if opposed with firmness and coolness on their fist onset, with our advantage of works, and knowledge of the ground, the
victory is most assuredly ours. Every good soldier will be silent and attentive---wait for orders, and reserve his fire until he is sure of doing execution.
Notes:
1. consign vt. 陷入
2. slavish mercenary 雇佣兵
1. Judging from the style of writing, this passage is most probably a ________.
A) story B) letter C) speech D) report
2. The purpose of the writing this passage is to _____.
A) curse the enemy and condemn their cruelty
B) encourage the American soldiers to fight for liberty.
C) Show the world the great power of the Americans
D) Help the Americans in winning sympathy and support from the world
3. The word “deliver” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A) send B) post C) bear D) save
4. The author tried to encourage his soldiers by ____.
A) showing that they have won worldwide support
B) explaining that their enemy is cruel and powerful in appearance
C) emphasizing the vital importance and great justness of their cause
D) demonstrating the superiority of their troops in equipment and number
5. In the first sentence of the first paragraph, the author, to achieve an effect,
uses ______.
A) parallel structure B) comparison and contrast
C) simile and metaphor D) irony and sarcasm
答案：
passage Five
1． C. 这句话的意思是：从写作风格来看，这篇文章是个演讲。故选C。
2． B. 这篇文章的写作目的是鼓励美国士兵为自由而战。
3． D. 第一段中“deliver”一词的意思与D）中的“save”最接近。
4． C. 这句话的意思是：作者试图通过强调他们事业的至关重要与正义高尚来鼓励自己的士兵，故选C。
5． A. 第一段中第一句作者为达到效果用的是平行结构。
Passage Six: Lyme Disease and the Precautions
摘要：文章主要叙述了在至少32个州5个大陆发现的莱姆关节炎病。Lyme disease是一种由细菌感染的难以确诊的疾病。文章呼吁人们提高警惕并提出了一些防范措施。
Cases of Lyme disease have been reported in at least thirty-two states and five continents since 1980. The disease, a bacteria infection, is transmitted by tiny deer ticks. The spiral-shaped bacteria, or spirochetes, are picked up by the tick from white-tailed deer and white-footed mice. When the tick finds a human host to bite, the bacteria are passed on.
One of the difficulties in diagnosing the ailment is that many victims do not remember the tick bite, and the symptoms are similar to those of several other ailments. In the first stage of infection, the patient may observe a circular rash and experience flulike symptoms. Treatment with antibiotics at this point is very effective.
If the disease is untreated, it may affect the joints, heart or brain. Many victims may believe they are suffering from arthritis. Fortunately, large doses of antibiotics may succeed in curing the disease even in its later stages.
Lyme disease was names after a town in Connecticut where some of the first cases diagnosed in the United States was found. Although the bacterium that causes the disease was discovered in 1982, many physicians still do not recognize its symptoms. The problem is compounded by the fact that many patients experience only minor symptoms at first and may not consult a physician until almost a month after the bite.
The disease seems to be spreading as herds of white-tailed deer increase in several states. As people travel with pets, particularly from states with a high incidence of the disease, they may unknowingly be transporting tiny ticks with them.
Some precautions can be taken. People who spend time in the woods or tall grass should wear long-sleeved shirts with snug-fitting cuffs and should tuck their pant legs into their socks to discourage ticks. Humans and animals should be checked for ticks on clothing and the body. The scalp and hair should be examined carefully.
If you find an unattached tick, brush it off and burn it with a lighted match. Those that have already bitten should be removed gently and entirely with a pair of tweezers. It may help to dab alcohol on the tick before you attempt to remove it. Wash the bitten area with soap and water on alcohol. A tick bite doesn’t always result in Lyme disease, but watch for symptoms and consult a doctor should any appear.
Notes:
1. Lyme disease 莱姆关节炎
2. tick 扁虱
3. spirochete n. 螺旋菌
4. antibiotic n., adj. 抗生素,抗生的
1. the main idea of this passage is:
A) Ticks cause problems in wooded areas.
B) Lyme disease, spread by ticks, is difficult to diagnose.
C) The treatment of Lyme disease is long and complicated.
D) New methods of treating Lyme disease have been found.
2. Lyme disease is caused by a(n) _______.
A) bacterium B) virus C) fungus D) infected sell
3. The symptoms of Lyme disease may be similar to those of ______.
A) poison ivy B) arthritis C) cancer D) cold
4. Lyme disease got its name from _______.
A) its first victim B) the Latin name for the tick
C) the town where it was discovered D) the person who discovered it
5. Which of the following seems to be the most frequent carrier of the disease
causing tick?
A) Mice B) Deer C) Dogs D) Cats
答案：
Passage Six :
1. B. 文章主要讲的是Lyme disease难以被确诊，因而人们应采取的一些防范措施，所以选B
2．A. 参见文章第四段第二句：“虽然导致这种病的的细菌在1982年才被发现……”，由此可知，A是正确答案。
3．B. 参见文章第三段前两句话：“如果病没有得到治疗，它会影响关节，心脏或大脑，许多受害者会以为他们得的是关节炎”，故应选B。
4. C. 参见文章第四段第一句：“Lyme disease是以辛辛那提的一个镇命名的，在那里，发现了一些美国的第一批病例“，所以答案应为C。
5. B. 参见文章第五段第一句话：“随着白尾鹿群在几个州数量的增加，这种病似乎正在蔓延”，由此可见deer是正确答案。
Passage Seven: Heritage
摘要：本文主要讲述了遗传在人的发展中的重要作用。科学家通过对双胞胎进行研究，发现同卵双胞胎在事业的选择，婚姻状况，幽默感等方面极其相似。
Twenty-five years ago, adoptive parents were provided with little or no information about the heritage of the child they will raise as their own. Many well-intentioned social workers and facilitators at adoption agencies felt that a fresh start would be the best approach to the adoption process. Today partially at the urging of adult adoptees, new parents are often provided with a great deal of information about their adopted child. Also, adults who were adopted now have the
opportunity to search for answers to questions about their birth parents. Such searches often begin as a quest for a family medical history. Doctors often need to know about the physical problems of blood relatives of their parents.
At the same time that health connections are being examined, reunions of adoptees and their blood relatives often provide striking evidence of the influence of heredity on personality. To learn more about this area of genetics, Thomas Bouchard at the University of Minnesota has been conducting a study since 1979. He has examined 100 pairs of identical and fraternal adult twins who were separated soon after birth and grow up in different families.
Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg that has split. They share exactly the same genes and may be difficult to differentiate in appearance. Fraternal twins are the products of two separate fertilized eggs and share about half of their genes. They are essentially siblings who happen to be born at the same time. The timing, however, often is critical, because they usually share similar experiences in the same environment.
In addition to Bouchard’s work, several other “twin studies” are being conducted. The similarities found in identical twins reared apart are extraordinary. The IQ scores of these twins were more similar than those of fraternal twins who grew up together. The identical twins also perceived their different environments very similarly. When asked about parental pressure to achieve academic success, for example, the identical twins responded similarly about their respective parents. Reunions of these identical twins revealed remarkable “coincidences” in career choices, marital history, sense of humor, and so on.
Certainly hered ity cannot account for an individual’s total personality. A child’s early environment may play an important role in his or her temperament as well. What we do learn from genetic studies, though, should help us to deal with any physical and psychological difficulties that may be anticipated.
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第 一套） Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minute s) Directions: There are 4 reading passa ges in this part. Each passage is followe d by some questions or unfinished stateme nts. For each of them there are four choi ces marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the co rresponding letter on the Answer Sheet wi th a single line through the center. Pass age One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the follo wing passage. There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of a nswering theoretical questions; technolog y is a method of solving practical proble ms. Science has to do with discovering th e facts and relationships between observa ble phenomena in nature and with establis
2016 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题及 答案 【篇一：2016 年12 月大学英语四级翻译作文题目及答 案】 翻译一： 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋 友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把 它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快 乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看 成是一种冒犯行为。 as a symbol of good luck, longevity and happiness in chinese culture, the color of red can be seen everywhere during springfestive and other festive/ joyous occasions. cash is usually put in red envelopes as gifts for relatives and close/intimate friends. also, red is much-welcomed / fashionable in china because of its association with chinese revolutions and the communist party. however, red does not always represent / equal to good luck and joy. red was previously used to write the names of the deceased so it is seen as an offence to write chinese people ’s names in red ink. 翻译二 随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘 在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在 中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住， 白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病 人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。 with the reform and opening-up of china, a great many young people nowadays prefer to hold western-style wedding: the bride wears white wedding gown because the color is considered to symbolize purity/is considered as the symbol of purity. however, in tradition chinese culture, white is often used on funerals. so, do bear in mind that white flowers should never be used as a gift to celebrate someone ’s recovery, especially not for the aged or those who are seriously ill.
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance. C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
大学英语四级考试模拟试题
大学英语四级考试模拟试题 Model Test Five Part ⅠListening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. Choose the correct answer---A, B, C or D, and then, mark your answer by writing the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Section A (C) 11. A) He will only be available in the afternoon. B) It’s not his office hour. C) He doesn’t have time. D) He is too tired after class. (A) 12. A) The woman insists on going out. B) The woman doesn’t like watching TV. C) The man promised her a gift on her birthday. D) The man is too tired to go out. (B) 13. A) There are too many courses offered to
大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,”says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,”Inzer says, but “to be
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Annoyed. B) Scared. C) Confused. D) Offended. 2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands. B) It wound up on the steering wheel. C) It was killed by the police on the spot. D) It was covered with large scales. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) A study of the fast-food service. B) Fast food customer satisfaction. C) McDonald's new business strategies. D) Competition in the fast-food industry. 4. A) Customers' higher demands. B) The inefficiency of employees. C) Increased variety of products. D) The rising number of customers. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs. B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration. C) . government's approval of private space missions. D) Competition among public and private space companies. 6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon. B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space. C) Work with federal agencies on space programs. D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars. 7. A) It is significant. B) It is promising.