其实英语（一），（二）并不难!
我现在已经通过所有计算机信息管理专科和本科的课程，正在准备毕业论文。可是，在这个过程中我并不是一帆风顺的。我中专里学的是计算机专业，毕业后从99年开始考专科。第一年我就碰上了英语，除了这一门，其它三门我都过了。我对英语一窍不通，连主谓宾都搞不清楚，别说是其它的了。而且还有抵触心理，根本就不想学英语。那次我考了25分，都是瞎蒙的。两年后，我就通过了所有的课程，带着这一门英语我又开始了本科的路程。巧的是我第一年就碰上了英语（二），当然我还是选择放弃。随着一门门课程的通过，到了2002年时我只剩下了英语（一）和英语（二）了。
我开始自学英语（一），我先去买了一本语法书（有字典那么厚），花了三个星期从头到尾看了一遍。然后开始背课文，背单词，做课后练习非常认真的学了10个单元，可是我坚持不下去了，觉得实在太难了。我宁愿多考三门也不想再考英语。后来我也没有勇气去考试，唉，糟蹋了考试费啊！
到了2003年，我经过同学的鼓励和点拨，使我重新又恢复了信心——坚持学英语。最终，我以79分的成绩顺利通过了英语（一），接着我又以80分的成绩通过了英语（二）。
我的一些学习方法和经验，希望能给大家带来帮助，不要让英语成为你通向成功之路的绊脚石。
首先，你的语法知识必须过关，自学考试很注重语法，考试中相当的比例是语法知识。而且，如果你连语法知识都搞不清，那么学起来时，很吃力的，很难坚持到最后一刻。买一本薄冰，张道真或是张振邦编著的语法（他们是权威）从头到尾学一遍，并不要求你马上全弄懂，语法是靠到文章中慢慢体会和实践才能掌握的。其中非谓语动词，虚拟语气是重中之重，年年考，必考。
在你学完语法后，才可学课文了。我那时候是把每一篇课文都抄在本子上，一行空一行，然后划出词组，把王国栋编著的辅导书（这本书非常好，它给了我很大帮助）对文中句子的知识点分析都写在空白行上我再通过查语法书，把各种从句，非谓语动词，各个短语或单词在句子中充当什么成分，起什么作用都在上面一一标明。直到把整篇文章分析透彻为止。在这期间我也去上过英语课，那老师讲的还算不错，但是绝对没有我分析的透彻。那么短的时间，讲50篇课文也不可能讲的很细。在学完课文以后就开始做练习，但决不是书后的练习，除了中译英外，其它的根本不会考。但是每个单元后的语法练习还是重要的。我那时做了三本辅导练习册，历届考试中填空题和选择题80~90%是从中抽取的，做完后我把这些考点都一一在我抄的文章上标出来，以便复习，连同历届考题都在上面标出。
做完这些以后，还只是完成了一半。考试中的大户——阅读理解，如果你这部分不好，那么及格就危险了。阅读短文是课外的，也就是说，你把课文都吃透了也不一定能做好它。需要买阅读理解的书来练习，每天坚持练一篇，可以先从
简单的开始，然后可选四级的文章来练，不限时间，四级文章本身并不难，只是考试时间太短，平均9分钟一篇。
中译英是从课后的中译英练习，语法单元中的例句中选的，其它如单词解释时举的例句和原文中也会挑选，但比较少。英译中就靠平时多翻译课文来练习。课文一定要翻译多遍，否则现在看解释会了，过一段时间，自己翻译又不会了。考试时就怕这种，自己懂它的意思，可是写成中文就是不通顺，或是根本写不出来。
完形填空就是语法和词汇的综合，做题时联系上下文，不要死盯着那个空，它的选项要么是与前后词是固定搭配，要么是添连词，非谓语动词等。做之前先把文章先扫一遍，知道它的大意，有时上文出现过的单词，有可能在下文的选项中出现，它往往是正确答案。
最后就剩下默写单词那一块了，别小看了它。我当初就是抱着0.5分一个，错几个也无所谓的心理，栽在了它身上。开始做历届考题时，我突然发现我失分最多的就是它，动辄扣5分，6分甚至8分。之前我不背单词的，看熟了就认识了，可是拼写时就是漏了这个忘了那个。于是，我开始跟着磁带一个个听写，渐渐的有所好转，可是练的太晚，考试时还是有十来个没写出来。也许你觉得扣5分没关系，但是在英译中时你的单词背的不够熟练，那么很可能因关键性的单词不认识而使你的整篇译文都不通，你都不知道它在讲什么，怎可能把它翻译出来呢？生词往往是关键性的单词，评分也是以你是否把关键性的单词写出来为标准的。
记住：背词汇表单调乏味，收效甚微会挫伤英语学习的兴趣，长此以往甚至会造成对英语学习的心理障碍。一个单词脱离了实际使用的上下语境，记牢会用是难以想象的。往往看者这个单词，知道它在书上的哪个位置，可就是想不起它的意思——痛苦。通过熟悉课文，联系上下文，“死词”变“活词”，背单词就不再令人生畏。把课文看熟了，单词背起来很轻松的，而且也不容易忘记。
好的学习方法固然重要，但是如果再配上好的辅导材料和详细的笔记，一定能事半功倍。
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak
自考英语二考试试题及答案
10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提 供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know
the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices. 1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.? A. True B. False C. Not Given 2.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3.Customers get better service on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4.Black Friday started in the USA. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5.The holiday season ends on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6."In the black" is a financial term. A. True B. False C. Not Given
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses． 从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．Consequently， the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few． 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我 们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说， 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．As a result， some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes．But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins．The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values，to a certain extent， affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he／she reads and hears．Only by developing an understanding and tolerance（忍受）of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers． 英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管 字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all，of course!)in learning English．Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write．This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech， the amount of information conveyed， and，above all，the quality of communication． 学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交 流的质量。 The above is，not wholly，how difficult English is．Some native speakers might have said，"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying．"Why should l?"1 would protest，though．Still，I have to keep asking myself：Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全，以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this．Linguists are working on this problem in two ways．First，they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language． 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面， 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak．Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage．This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that， along with many other things，they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language，and a little help from their parents，they are able to learn to speak．Another group of linguists does not think this is correct． 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的；而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力， 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents．They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language．When children know some words，their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences．These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language．Instead， parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case，the environment is their family and their home. As you see，the first group of linguists disagrees． 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为， 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language．Many people are studying the process of language learning by children．This work is being done in many countries．Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process．Many psychologists，doctors， and parents are also interested．People who teach foreign languages are interested, too． 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason．If they knew how children learn their native language，perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults， as well as children, a second language．This is a very interesting idea．Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children．These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom．They will not talk to students in the native language．They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible．They do not teach them any rules for using the language．Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage，either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly．Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students，this method is successful．They learn to speak quickly and easily．They seem to enjoy using the language，and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say．Some students, however，cannot learn a language this way．Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language． 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学：课堂上只讲外 语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式， 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方 法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法，语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method，the rule-learning method，sometimes works better with these students．Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language．They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly．These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn．Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again．The students are encouraged to make up new sentences， using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know． 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练 习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method．They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it，too．For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language．For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class， hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it．These people are rare． 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用 所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方 法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily．Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language．Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language． 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about． 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国，是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦，自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents， my brothers and sisters，and my friends． 几个月前，我回香港探亲，这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．My elementary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings． 到达时，我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉，代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city，however，was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home．My family greeted me warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor，the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family， especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于）why they were behaving that way. 但是，我到了父母亲家里不久，就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题，情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比，香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到，在我讲话的时候，我的家人， 尤其是我母亲，会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来， 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me，“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant．She said．“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that are of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That’s not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我：“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说：“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候， 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望，这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke，I realized what had happened to me．American including American women，are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings．Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject．They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion．I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years，，I had gradually adopted some of their ways． 听着母亲这样讲，我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人，包括美国女性，都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样，对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中，她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想，过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country． 接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女 性，可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人，这使我更加不自在， 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States．But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain．In fact，I feel more confused than before．I now feel homeless．I don’t feel like an American．Americans haven’t accepted me．The women I work with at the store are polite enough，but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them．During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping．On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night．My accent，my name，and 1