U4 A Heroes among us 我们身边的英雄 Who's a hero these days?In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common.We use hero to describe both victims and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies.Who are the heroes among us? 谁是当今的英雄？在一个英雄主义发扬光大的时代，“英雄”一词已经变得更加常见。我们把各种困难和悲剧的受害者和幸存者都称为“英雄”。那么，我们身边哪些人是英雄呢？In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described20-year-old political associate Daniel Hernandez as a hero.During the horrible shooting, he courageously ran through the danger to save the life of one of the victims,his boss and friend,congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds.He spoke tender words of sympathy, telling her that he would find her
U1 Short conversations 1. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? B The woman should seek help from the writing center. 2 Q: Why does the woman choose to learn French? D She thinks speaking French is a must for cultured people. 3 Q: What did the man do last night? D He attended a speech. 4 Q: What made Melissa unhappy? C That she lost her chance to enter the contest. 5 Q: What does the man think of the woman’s op inion? A It is one-sided. Long conversation 1 Q: How is the woman doin g in the man’s class? C She often fails to turn in her homework on time. 2 Q: What does the woman think of learning Spanish? D It presents difficulty for her. 3 Q: What do we know from this conversation about the man? A He has a good personal relationship with the woman. 4 Q: What is the woman most likely to do after talking with the man? C Work harder in her Spanish class.
《传播学教程》第二版郭庆光 第一章传播学的研究对象与基本问题 第一节从传播的定义看传播学的研究对象 一、如何把握传播概念 美—库利社会学传统 社会互动理论倡始人。强调传播的社会关系性，把传播看做是人与人关系得以成立和发展的基础。 美—皮尔士符号学或语义学传统 符号学的创始人，强调符号作为精神内容的载体在传播中所起的特殊作用。 他们开创了界定传播概念的两传统，一是社会学的传统，一是符号学或语义学的传统。后来，这两传统逐渐发生融合 传播的实质：是一种社会互动行为，人们通过传播保持着相互作用和影响的关系。 两个传统的融合：传播是通过符号或象征手段而进行的社会互动。/通过社会互动而共享意义。 信息概念引入后，人与人之间的社会互动行为的介质是作为意义和符号、精神内容和物质载体之统一体的信息。 施拉姆：当我们从事传播的时候，也就是在试图与其他人共享信息——某个观点或某个态度。传播至少有三个要素：信源、讯息和信宿。 阿耶尔：传播在广义上指的是信息的传递，它不仅包括接触新闻，而且包括表达感情、期待、命令、愿望或其他任何什么。 二、传播与信息 传播学考察的主要对象—始终都是人类的社会信息及其传播活动 社会信息与自然界的其他信息的联系和区别 联系（共同点）以质、能波动的形式表现出来。精神内容的载体都表现为一定的物质讯号，作用于人的感觉系统 并引起反馈。因此，社会信息也具有物质属性(至少就精神内容与载体的不可分离性而言)。 区别:为什么说“信息是物理载体和意义构成的统一整体”? （特殊性质）第一，它并不单纯地表现为人的生理层次上的作用和反作用，而伴随着人复杂的精神和心理活动，伴随着人的态度、感情、价值和意识形态；（两个伴随） 第二，作为社会信息的物质载体——符号系统本身，也是与物质劳动密切相关的人的精神劳动的创造物。（一个创造物）在此意义上，我们把社会信息看做是物质载体和精神内容的统一，主体和客体的统一，符号和意义的统一。 （传播学与信息科学是相互影响和相互渗透的）信息科学对传播学的巨大贡献 一．把信息概念引进了传播学领域，提高了传播学理论表述的科学性和严谨性；（提高两性） 二．拓宽了传播学的视野，使它能够把人类传播活动放在更大的系统和环境中加以考察，这有助于探索人类社会传播的一般和特殊规律。（一宽一大） 信息：信息是物质的普遍属性，是一种客观存在的物质运动形式。它在物质运动过程中所起的作用是表述它所属的物质系统，在同其他任何物质系统全面相互作用的过程中，以质、能波动的形式所呈现的结构、状态和历史。——最广义的信息概念。一切表述事物的内部或外部互动状态或关系的东西都是信息。 社会信息：除人的生物和生理信息以外的、与人类的社会活动有关的一切信息。 社会信息是物质载体和精神内容的统一，主体和客体的统一，符号和意义的统一。 信息是由物理载体和意义构成的统一整体。 社会学视点和信息科学视点结合的传播概念：传播是社会信息的传递或社会信息系统的运行。 社区：由地缘关系和社会关系构成的共同体。 三．传播的定义和特点 什么是传播？它的基本特点是什么？] (定义)即社会信息的传递或社会信息系统的运行。（递行—地形） 它的基本特点是什么？ 社会传播是一种信息共享活动。独有—多人共有。共享意味着社会信息的传播具有交流、交换和扩散的性质。 (传播是在一定社会关系中进行的，又是一定社会关系的体现。如何理解这个观点?) 社会传播是在一定社会关系中进行的，又是一定社会关系的体现。
Unit1 Listening skills BBDCA Listening in Task1 FTFTF Listening in Task2 BBDAC Listening in Task3 classical，peaceful，relaxing，Jazz，sadness，heavy metal，energy，sporting events，physical labor，road accidents Let's talk Task 1 Good Morning to All，success，musical talents，without，second part，replaced，legal action，real owners Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1 special，joke，talent，proud，loud，joy，honesty，dancer，talk，wondered，capture，fan Task2 BAADC Task 3 TFTTT Unit 1 test 1-5 CCDCB 1.favorite band ， 2.Not anymore ， 3.no longer ， 4.a big fan ， 5.collected ， 6.the ones ， 7.Going crazy ， 8.Maybe to you ， 9.pressure ，10.fall in love ，11.get it ，12.from time to time ，13.Go on ，14.music video 1-5 BCDDA 1-5 CDABA 6-10 CDCBC Unit2 Listening skills: Making inferences ADBCB
第十三章国际传播与全球传播 一、概念题 1．国际传播（湖南师大2019年研；河南大学2019年研；安徽师大2018年研；南昌大学2017年研；厦门大学2010年研） 答：国际传播（international communication）是以国家社会为基本单位，以大众传播为支柱的国与国之间的传播，具有很强的政治性，并与国家或民族利益紧密联系。其主体包括国家（国际传播的基本主体）、国际机构、超国家机构、同盟或地区集团、跨国组织或运动、国内各种集团或组织、个人。 2．多种声音一个世界（南开大学2019年研；四川大学2014年研）、麦克布莱德报告（北邮2008年研；南开大学2007年研） 答：《多种声音一个世界》又称“麦克布莱德报告”。是联合国教科文组织下属的国际传播问题研究委员会（又称“麦克布莱德委员会”）对世界信息基础组织结构和传播资源进行了多年的调查研究而得出的成果。该报告于1980年由联合国教科文组织提出，于同年的贝尔格莱德大会上通过。该报告倡导建立世界信息传播新秩序，主张通过放松版权法规、促进信息传播技术自由交流、鼓励第三世界国家出版业发展及更多的传播资源共享等措施来改善发达国家和发展中国家信息传播资源不平等的状况。该报告的通过，意味着发展中国家在“新世界信息秩序”之争中取得了重大胜利。 3．信息主权（兰州大学2019年研；华南理工2019年研；南京师大2019年研；山
西大学2019年研；湖南大学2017年研；厦门大学2016年研；吉林大学2012年研；重庆大学2012年研；武汉大学2010年研） 答：信息主权是指一个国家对本国的信息传播系统进行自主管理的权利，是信息时代国家主权的重要组成部分。这个概念是在全球信息化、国家主权面临新的威胁因素的背景下提出来的。它包括三方面的内容：①对本国的信息资源进行保护、开发和利用的权利；②不受外部干涉，自主确立本国的信息生产、加工、储存、流通和传播体制的权利；③对本国信息的输出和外国信息的输入进行管理和监控的权利。 4．“新世界信息秩序”论争（上海财大2018年研） 相关试题：新世界信息秩序论争的三阶段（北邮2009年研） 答：“新世界信息秩序”论争是发展中国家为了维护自身利益，围绕建立“均衡、平等”的世界信息传播新秩序问题而与发达国家之间展开的一场旷日持久的大论战。这场论战可分为三个阶段：①从1973年的《阿尔及尔宣言》到1978年的《大众传媒宣言》，发展中国家力量集结的时期；②从1978年的《大众传媒宣言》到1980年的麦克布莱德委员会报告（《多种声音，一个世界》）发表，论争不断走向激化的时期；③从1984年美英退出教科文组织到现在。世界信息传播新秩序旨在反对西方发达国家凭借其经济实力和技术水平对广大发展中国家进行新闻传播控制的行为，以克服两者之间存在的严重的新闻传播不均衡、不合理、不公正的现象。建立世界新闻传播新秩序的斗争，既是建立新型国际政治经济关系的重要一环，也是世界新闻事业发展的一个重要方面。 5．文化霸权（苏州大学2019年研；北工商2019年研） 答：文化霸权是指一个阶级主宰另一个阶级的意识形态及文化，通过控制文化内容和建
新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 1答案 (1) 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 2答案 (2) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 3答案 (3) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 4答案 (4) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 5答案 (5) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 6答案 (7) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 7答案 (8) 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 8答案 (9) 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 9答案 (10) 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 10答案 (11) 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 1答案 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。 2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。 3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。 4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。 5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。 6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Cloze 1. B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6,C 7.B 8.A 9.a 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B Structured Writing XII. I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language. It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it took a lot of practice. I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I
新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案 新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, tho ugh in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.doczj.com/doc/345400876.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of l earning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even
Unit6Food 可能存在错误，望谅解 Part 1 listening Ⅰ 1： 1-5：BDACB 2： 1、226 2、7:30 3、orange 4、grapefruit 5、bacon 6、eggs 7、tomatoes 8、two soft-boiled eggs 9、toast 10、butter 11、lemon tea Listening Ⅱ 1： 1、take out cardboard plastic plastic
tight-fitting 2、board available food items microphone 20 yards 3、knives forks everything tray 2： 1-5:FTFFT Listening Ⅲ 1： 1、The big bakes black bread 2、is better buttered 3、cheap chip shop sells cheap chips 4、fish Fish fried fresh Fresh fried fish Fresh fish fried fish fresh fried 5、proper cup of coffee proper coffee pot a cup of coffee proper coffee pot
coffee pots Iron coffee pots Proper cup of coffee Proper copper coffee pot cup of tea Listen Ⅳ 1： 1-5:TTTFT 2: 1、500 2、1493 3、corns sweet potatoes pineapples 4、realize full 5、exercise perform better burns Part 2 1: A B D F G H√ 2：
Unit 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell …on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的) 2 handmade（手工制作的） 3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的）4heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的）5data-based（基于数据的）6self-employed（自主经营的）7 custom-built（定制的；定做的）8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的） VIII 1. well-informed（对……非常熟悉的）2 new-found（新获得的）3 hard-earned（辛苦挣得的）4 soft-spoken（说话温柔的）5 newly-married（新婚的）6 widely-held（普遍认为的）7 well-meant（出于好意的）8 well-educated（受过良好教育的） IX
新视野Book3 汉译英翻译 Unit 1 Translate the following paragraph into English 如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正式让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 Nowadays, many young people no longer choose“stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people’s enthusiasm to start their own businesses. Unit 2 Translate the following paragraph into English 实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation)是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。 Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese. Unit 3 Translate the following paragraph into English 水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意向，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。 Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects.
Unit1 II. Listening Skills 1. M: Why don’t we go to the concert today? W: I’ll go get the keys. Q: What does the woman imply? 2. W: I can’t find my purse anywhere. The opera tickets are in it. M: Have you checked in the car? Q: What does the man imply? 3. M: Are you going to buy that pirated CD? W: Do I look like a thief? Q: What does the woman imply? 4. M: Do you think the singer is pretty? W: Let’s just say that I wouldn’t/t vote for her in the local beauty contest. Q: What does the woman imply about the singer? 5. M: Have you seen Tom? I can’t find him anywhere. W: The light in his dorm was on just a few minutes ago. Q: What does the woman mean? 1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A III. Listening In Task 1: Encore! As soon as the singer completed the song, the audience cr ied, “Encore! Encore!” The singer was delighted and sang the song again. She couldn’t believe it when the audience shouted for her to sing it again. The cycle of shouts and songs was repeated ten more times. The singer was overjoyed with the response from the audience. She talked them and asked them why they were so much audience in hearing the same song again and again. One of the people in the audience replied, “We wanted you to improve it; now it is much better.” 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F Task 2 What are your favorite songs? W: Hi, Bob! Do you want to go to a concert with me? M: A concert? What's it about?
第一章传播学的对象和基本问题 一、概念题 1．传播学（北京师大2009年研；华东师大2007年研） 答：传播学是研究社会信息系统及其运行规律的科学，其研究对象是社会信息系统本身。传播学的研究任务是通过对社会信息系统及其各部分的结构、功能、过程以及互动关系的考察，探索、发现和克服传播障碍和传播隔阂的科学方法，找到社会信息系统良性循环的机制，由此来推动社会的健全发展。作为一门独立的学科，传播学形成于20世纪初至40年代的美国，它是一个多学科交叉的领域，它的发展从新闻学、社会学、心理学、政治学、信息论、系统论、控制论等诸多学科中汲取了丰富的营养。 2．传播与信息（中科大2019年研） 相关试题： （1）传播（浙大2018年研；华农2011年研；辽宁大学2008年研） （2）信息（浙工大2019年研；中南财大2018年研；复旦大学2016年研） 答：传播是指社会信息的传递和社会信息系统的运行。人类社会传播的基本特点包括：①社会传播是一种信息共享活动。②社会传播是在一定社会关系中进行的，又是一定社会关系的体现。③从传播的社会关系性而言，它又是一种双向的社会互动行为。即信息的传递总是在传播者和传播对象之间进行的，任何一种传播都必然是通过信息的授受和反馈而展开的社会互动行为。④传播成立的重要前提之一，是传受双方必须要有共通的意义空间。⑤传播是一种行为，是一种过程，也是一种系统。
信息是物质的普遍属性，是一种客观存在的物质运动形式。信息既不是物质，也不是能量，它在物质运动过程中所起的作用是表述它所属的物质系统，在同其他任何物质系统全面相互作用（或联系）的过程中，以质、能波动的形式所呈现的结构、状态和历史。这是广义的信息概念。在这个概念下，一切“表述”（或反映）事物的内部或外部互动状态或关系的东西都是信息。德国哲学家克劳斯指出，信息是由物理载体和意义构成的统一整体。 3．信宿（山东师大2018年研） 答：信宿即受传者。施拉姆认为传播至少有三个要素：信源、讯息和信宿。信宿是相对于信源而言的。信宿是信息动态运行一个周期的最终环节。其功能是接收情报信息，并选择对自身有用的信息加以利用，直接或间接地为某一目的服务。信宿可以把信息资源转化为人类的巨大物质财富，在信息的再生产过程中，还可以起到巨大的反馈作用。 4．精神交往理论（华中师大2019年研） 答：精神交往理论由马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》等著作中提出，该理论认为人类的总体活动可以分为生产和交往两类。交往是一个体现人的总体活动关系性的范畴，它既包括以物为媒介的人与人之间的物质交往关系，也包括以“语言”为媒介的人与人之间的精神交往关系。物质交往与精神交往的辩证运动推动着人类交往活动的总体发展。马克思、恩格斯关于物质交往和精神交往的理论为确立科学的唯物主义传播观提供了重要的出发点，它可以克服既往传播学研究，特别是行为主义传播学研究视野的局限性。该理论启示我们在考察人类社会的信息传播时，应把握物质生产和精神生产、物质交往和精神交往的唯物辩证关系。