浙江高考英语百日训练之书面表达概要（19）含答案解析
【题文】
According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you ma y think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better. They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower are something that is not really used up, you can go on and on.” said Professor Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower. After a tiring task, those who beli eved, or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to the final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
Mr. Job said, “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings can help people who are battling against temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
【答案】
Based on a recent report, having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think. (要点1) Will-power, assumed to be a limited resource by some scientists, were thought to be only regained by rest, food, as well as entertainment. (要点2) However, this theory has been challenged. Researchers, including Veronica Jobs, conducted experiments and made some new discoveries. (要点3) If you believe that willpower is limitless, you will be more powerful, which is a potential help to resist temptation. (要点4)
【解析】
点睛：这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
【标题】浙江省金丽衢十二校2018届高三上学期9月联考英语
【结束】
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
2018届高考英语书面表达解析及写作技巧 2018-08-10英语：高考书面表达解析及写作技巧一、解读书面表达书面表达是一个综合性题目，要求考生根据所给图画、图表、提纲(或者开放性)等，运用所学知识将提示信息组成句子，句子连成段，段连成篇。 它不断要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。 它也是一种融形式、文体、交际三位于一体的试题，所考查内容都体现在表达和传递信息的交流能力，因此，书面表达有交流性、实用性、合理性等特点。 近几年来高考书面表达正在一步步地向考试要考语言运用能力这一方向改进，并采用了新的评分标准，因此要求考生语言的准确性和得体性，注重上、下文连贯，注重表达方式多样化。 新的评分标准提倡考生使用高级词汇和复杂句式，运用过渡性词汇增强文章连贯性。 如果考生在表达中只是运用了简单句，虽然表达了要求的信息，那么得分也不会高。 因此，近几年高考要求考生掌握词汇要丰富，句式表达要复杂，适当地使用情感性语言。 二、各种题型的应试对策1图画作文要求考生首先仔细观察，读懂图意，抓住要点，按图片顺序编拟提纲，同时要注意图片所给的时
间、背景等相关信息，确定写作的人称、时态和语态。 在写作时还要适当地使用一些关联词、过渡句来加工润色，使文章层次清楚、通顺畅达。 这种作文的难点在于要求考生能自己编拟出合适的要点，并且表达上要连贯。 2图表作文要求考生能分析把握该图表要表达的内容，确定主题，然后从图表中归纳出相应要点来写作。 这种作文能有效考查考生的篇章结构组织能力，要求写作具有逻辑性。 3提纲作文要求考生首先将所给出的要点进行组织，按照一定的逻辑顺序用明白、恰当、得体的语言来表达；要尽量消除汉语式的英文表达。 这种作文切忌逐字逐句汉译英，使得文章支离破碎，不忍卒读。 相对来说，这种作文难度相对较小。 4（半）开放性作文要求考生能根据相当简短的提示来写作；或者要求续写一段文字，或者写出你的感想等等。 这种形式为考生张扬个性提供了空间，答案不唯一，淋漓尽致地考查了考生发散思维和创新思维能力。 它还可能包括改写、缩写等其他形式。 近年来不少自主命题省（市）的高考试题有向（半）开放性过渡的趋势。
高考英语专题系列-高考英语作文高分万能句子高考英语作文高分万能句子 天津卷常用句型 提出主题 There is a widespread concern overthe issue that… The topic of(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. …has attracted extensive(广泛的)attention of the society. There is no consensus (一致) of opinion among people as to the view of… 展开 Firstly…secondly(besides)…thirdly(finally) For one thing…for another…what's more… On one hand…on the other hand…moreover… 转折 On the contrary… however, a coin has two sides… You can't take your cake and eatit. 自己的看法 In my opinion As far as I am concerned From my point of view, With reference to my standpoint , 喊口号 I think / I firmly support… Only through…can we… 说明事物现状(一句带过) Nowadays, there is a widespreadconcern over (the issue that)作文题目. In fact, there are both advantagesand disadvantages in 题目议题. 事物本身的优缺点 Its advantages can be seen as follows…
概要写作新题型05 ◆选材特点 （1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内； （2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 ◆评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； （3）上下文的连贯性； （4）对各要点表达的正确性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2. 考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 3.写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。 2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。． 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
浙江高考英语百日训练之书面表达概要（8）含答案解析 【题文】 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Although some people don't like using automatic hand dryers in restrooms, it may actually be argued that motion-sensing hand dryers are a practical alternative to paper towels. I believe that our school would benefit from investing in automatic hand dryers in all the restrooms. First of all, the automatic hand dryer is very sanitary（卫生的）. Instead of pulling on a lever (手柄) touched by a large number of students, users can just stick their hands under the air dryer. No bacteria can get on them because there is nothing to touch. Kids wouldn't get sick from the paper towel dispensers (纸巾盒) . In addition, if the school buys automatic hand dryers, we can save money. There is a terrible waste of paper towels in the restrooms. Students continuously pull on the lever for unneeded towels until the dispensers are empty. An automatic hand dryer costs about $500, with very little additional cost over time while paper towels can cost $25 a case, or about $500 a year. After just one year, it would pay for itself. Finally, our bathroom is a paper towel mess! There are always piles of paper towels on the floor. Sometimes the extras fall from the dispenser unused. Many times kids make their used towel into a ball and aim for a basket. But if they miss the target, the paper ball stays on the floor. Paper towels leave so much litter in the restrooms that the restrooms are a mess. People use the hand dryers for just a few seconds, and they think that automatic hand dryers don't dry their hands as thoroughly as paper towels. However, studies have shown that when people dry their hands for at least 30 seconds, automatic dryers actually dry much better than paper towels. It is difficult to get every part of your hand dry using paper towels, but the air can if you take a few extra seconds. As you see there are some good points, let's install automatic hand dryers as soon as possible! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Compared with paper towels, hand dryers have more advantages, which will benefit school in four ways. First, they are clean and healthy because bacteria can’t touch kids. Additionally, i t can help school save money. Thirdly, our bathroom can be kept clean and neat. Besides, it can dry our hands more effectively if we take longer time. Therefore, school is advisable to fix the equipment at once.(66) 【解析】 【分析】
浙江省2020届高三12月百校联考英语试卷精选汇编： 读后续写概要写作 第一节读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Craig watched his old sister, Riley, and her friend Liz race up and down the lake on their skates, avoiding other hockey(曲棍球) players. Their skate blades looked like silver smoke. When the game was over, the girls skated up to the bench where Craig was sitting. Craig asked Riley what skating felt like. “When I go really fast, I feel like I’m flying,” she said. That’s silly, thought Craig. Flying is something birds do in the air, not something people do on ice skates. Then he watched Riley go back out on the ice. She skated around and around the edge of the lake with her arms pumping and her scarf trailing behind her. Soon she went so fast that her arms looked like wings and her scarf looked like a feathery tail. Maybe skating really was like flying. When Riley sat down to take her skates off, Craig said, “I wish I could fly.” Riley retied her skate laces and crouched next to Craig. “Get on my back,” she said, and Craig did. Riley started skating, but Craig didn’t feel like he was flying. It just felt like a shaking piggyback ride. “You’re too heavy,” Riley said. “I can’t go fast when I’m carrying you.” She skated slowly back to the bench. Craig got off her back. “Even if you could go fast, I wouldn’t be flying.” he said sadly. “I need skates to fly.” Riley didn’t say anything on the walk home, but a few days later she asked Craig if he wanted to go skating. “To watch?” he asked. “No, to skate,” she said cheerfully. “Mom and I found a pair of my old skates. They might fit you.” The skates were a little big, but when Riley stuffed newspaper in the toes, they fit. Craig couldn’t stop smiling. He didn’t want to take them off, but he had to so he could walk to the lake. Riley and Liz went with him. They carried their hockey sticks and a wooden chair. Hardly had they got to the lake when Craig put his skates back on and Riley helped him onto the ice. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Then she put his hands on the back of the chair. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
安徽 假设你是李华。美国一所友好学校准备与你们学校共同创办一份中学生英文 刊物，该校格林先生来信询问有关情况。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下： 表示赞成。 提出你喜欢的栏目。 简要说明理由。 注意： 1．词数100左右。 2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。 3．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 4．参考词汇：栏目一column ﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ June 8 Dear Mr. Green, I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together.______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ Yours faithfully Li Hua June 8 Dear Mr. Green, I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together. It is indeed a wonderful idea and everyone hopes for its success. I would like the magazine to have three columns : News, Teachers' Advice and Students' V oice. From the News column we can learn about what is going on in both of our schools. In Teachers' Advice, our teachers can give us such help as we may not be able to get in the classroom. Students' V oice will allow us to freely express our thoughts and feelings about our lives and studies. I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen our ties, and I am looking forward to reading it. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 北京 第一节情景作文（20分） 假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学精选班长的 过程。请按下图顺序描述。 注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。 2.词数不少于60. 提示词：竞选班长monitor election
干货——高考英语书面表达高分套路(后附范文) 高考日益临近，大家准备好迎战了吗？最近大家看到关于写作的内容比较多呢，但是你会发现侧重的角度不同。今天小编也针对高考写作给大家准备了不可多得的好东西，掌握这些，让你对高考写作胜券在握，还不快来抢先收藏？别忘了，好东西大家一定要记得分享啊。 ◆开头段：四大内容(1、问候；2、自我介绍；3、写信缘由；4、写信目的。)； ?中间段：具体问题(主题句) +具体分析(拓展句)； ?结尾段：客套话。 ◆开头段： 1、问候。 How are you doing? / How is everything going? 2、自我介绍。 由于我们在考场上的身份几乎每年都是李华，李华的个人情况是可以由自己设定。如：I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old boy studying in … senior high school. / I am Li Hua, who ... 我们可以用上一些能给阅卷老师留下深刻印象的词汇，如：hardworking, diligent, optimistic, positive, helpful, take part in … competition, won the … prize in… competition, worked as a volunteer …等等。 3、写信缘由。 I heard that ... / My teacher told me ... / I am informed that ... / I learned that ... / I read in your newspaper / website that ... / You said in your last letter that ... 4、写信目的。 最常见书信/ 电邮的“写信目的”的最佳表述： 自荐信：Now, I am writing to apply for the job / position. 感谢信：Now, I am writing to show / express my deep gratitude to you. 邀请信：Now, I am writing to invite you to ... (as our guest / judge / instructor). 建议信：Now, I am writing to give you a hand / some suggestions that may help you. 求助信：Now, I am writing to ask you for help / to do me a favor. 道歉信：Now, I am writing to show / express my sincere apology to you.
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 Cleanliness is important to academic success at one Chinese university where compulsory labor is part of a program designed to award class credits while teaching students with proper moral values. During winter, the sky is still dark at 6：30 a．m. when the first－year students in Trade and Management College in Zhengzhou begin sweeping the 165－acre campus and it can take up to an hour. Mr. Sun, the university official, said labor is good for building character and promotes “the spirit of hard work.”Some students also claim that they are always proud of the clean campus. They never litter because they've been through the labor and understand that they should respect the fruits of labor of others. Some students, however, are against it because they feel the demands of the cleaning program are a distraction. Some often show up late and hungry to their morning classes after rushing to sweep the campus and clean their rooms. 【写作内容】 1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要。 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1) 支持或反对这个学校的做法；(2) 用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。 【写作要求】 1. 可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据。 2. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句。 3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 4. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 支持： One university in Zhengzhou designs a program where students must clean the campus every day and relates it to class credits. Some people support the program while others do not.(30) Generally, I am in favor of the practice. To begin with, through their effort, students provide a clean and comfortable environment, which, as a result, is an assurance of their successful academic life. Moreover, cleaning and labor can not only serve to build students' character but also contribute positively to students developing healthy routines and good sanitation habits. Last but not least, by enjoying the fruits of others' labor, students will develop the awareness of gratitude and regard labor as a matter of honor. In short, carrying out the cleaning program is crucial. The significance for students of participating in it means more than academic success. It is part of moral education and benefits students as well as the campus. (120) 反对： It is required by one university in Zhengzhou that students should clean the campus every morning to achieve class credits. Opinions on the practice vary widely from person to person.(30) I am strongly opposed to the practice for the following reasons. First of all, cleaning tends to take up too much time, which becomes a distraction for students and discourages them from focusing on their academic performances. Then, students can be encouraged to maintain clean living areas but it's unreasonable to relate the cleaning with the academic credits. As students, they should put more efforts into their studies to achieve class credits instead of sweeping the campus. Furthermore, though someone claims labor can contribute to developing the spirit of hard work, it should by no means be achieved through daily floor－sweeping. In conclusion, there is no sense in students sweeping the campus, for it benefits neither their character nor study.(120)
概要写作 [考纲解读] 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。 [原题分析] 1．原文材料350词以内，概要写作40～80词。 2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。 3．概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。 4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。 [写作注意事项] 1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。 2．各要点的表达要相对独立。 3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。 4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。 5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。 6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。 [概要模板及句型] 1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的 ①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with... ②The article focuses on the topic of... 2．表示研究的结论 ①The result showed that...
②The author found that... ③It was concluded that... 3．表示推荐、观点或建议 The author suggests/considers that... Suggestions are made for... 实战演练1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London-based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for full-time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school. Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton. "We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full-time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vital interaction they need – although we try to mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program." Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full-time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school, which usually charge around ￡35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ two full-time tutors, one to cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.