Sample 1
Native American Influences on Modern U.S. Culture
When the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.
First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas, Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.
Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native American influence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with Native Americans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured part of U.S. culture.
In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area in which Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and crop rotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.
Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”, had develo ped a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nations had joined together in a confederation called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under the league, each nation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had won their independence from Britain, someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what
happened. As a result, the present from of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.
In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture. Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.
Native American Influences on Modern U.S. Culture
I. Introduction
Thesis statement: ___________________________________________________________
II. Body
A. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.
1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and states
a. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabama
b. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane
2. Names of animals and plants
a. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk
b. Plants: tobacco, squash
B. _____________________________________________________________
1. Navajo rugs
2. Silver and turquoise jewelry
3. ______________________________________________________________
a. Pottery
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
1. Farming techniques
a. _________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
a. _________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
D. _
1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches ("nations")
Needed to settle disputes among various branches
2. Five nations formed League of Iroquois
a. _________________________________________________
b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders
3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.
a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.
b. ______________________________________________________
III. Conclusion
___________________________________________________________
Sample 2:
At the Movies
You Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!
1 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on the aisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumes about his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.
2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are "detached observers"-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. "That's funny, because I'm a writer," Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. at the Cineplex Odeon at Universal CityWalk. "So that's what I do (observe people)." One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson's Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.
3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:
4 The "front row film fanatic": Extroverted, assertive, and competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others, not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers's Austin Powers or Julia Roberts's Erin Brockovich.
5 The"middle-of-the-roaders": These are the people who like to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who are flexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow's Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. "We like the middle because it's not too far back and not too close to the front," Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the "middle-of-the-roader" label seems to fit them because "we're easygoing."
6 The "invisible rebels": Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don't necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is Clint Eastwood's Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver's Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. "The back row is,where things happen; it's an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching," Dawson said in the Odeon report. "It tends to attract people who are rebellious."
7 For some people, though, sometimes a chair is just a chair. "I don't knowwherever there's an empty seat," said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. "That works for me."
Questions About the Organization
1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?
a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis
statement.
b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.
c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.
2. What kind of conclusion does it have?
a. It summarizes the four main personality types.
b. It gives the writer's opinion on the study.
c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.
3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization?
About the Support
4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?
_________ and _________
5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?
a. The psychologist used _
b. The writer used _
About the Content
6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?
Sample 3
Culture Shock
Moving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a new environment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new sights, eating new food, hearing the foreign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns into discomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a new culture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.
In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.
Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make "small talk," so it is hard to carry on a casual, get-acquainted conversation. One day in the school cafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Are they laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren't always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.
In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn't been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.
You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, that your landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.
Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You are able to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you can successfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Your self-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food
in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.
Concluding Paragraph A
To sum up, culture shock is a very real phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negative feelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph B
In conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.
Exercise:
1.Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?
2.Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesis
statement?
3.Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?
Sample 4: Cause and Effect
Sample 5: Cause and Effect
Sample 6: Comparison
CLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASED TEACHING Since the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attempts to draw conclusions from them.
Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.
Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reason for this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.
Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sitting at home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments, or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used to support taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similar to …universities of the air?, such as Britain?s Open University, which have developed distance learning so successfully in the last 40 years.
Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop
on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact of the classroom highly, despite its cost and inconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgent need for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.
(Approximately 550 words)
Now complete the outline of the model essay:
Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough Years
I. Introduction (explanation of the issue)
Thesis statement: _______________________________________
II. Body
A. Opposing argument 1
Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.
Rebuttal to argument 1
1. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results
2. Other results that cannot be calculated
a. Girls
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Boys
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ B. Opposing argument
2____________________________________________________________
Rebuttal to argument 2
_________________________________________________________
a.Settling squabbles with siblings
b.Negotiating with opposite-sex parent
C. Opposing argument 3
_________________________________________________________
Rebuttal to argument 3
___________________________________________________________
a._______________________________________________________
b.Teachers call on boys more often
III.Conclusion
1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environment
Reasons
a. Boys and girls ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
b. Girl_____________________________________________________________________
c. Boys ____________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________
Sample 9
A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).
An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.
One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes in the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.
Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.
The two explanations described above have very different implications for social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the
experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).
Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.
It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one.
Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modern family, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of looking to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems in the present.
Sample 10
Discuss why assignment essays are common assessment tasks in undergraduate tertiary coursework, and evaluate the effectiveness of assignments as an avenue for learning. (Word limit 500 words - 10% leeway) Please note that the APA referencing style is used in this sample essay.
Assignment essays are developed from set questions that give students a period of time to research a topic and produce their answer with references to their sources of information. While there are some disadvantages with using assignment essays as an assessment tool, there are sound educational purposes underpinning this practice. This essay examines the reasons why assignment essays are beneficial for student learning and considers some of the problems with this method of assessment.
Assignment essay tasks are set to assist students to develop mastery of their study subject. Firstly, assignment tasks enhance understandings about subject matter. Yang and Baker (2005) reason that "to master your learning materials and extend your understandings, you need to write about the meanings you gain from your research" (p. 1). Secondly, research (Jinx, 2004; Zapper, 2006) clearly demonstrates that students learn the writing conventions of a subject area while they are researching, reading and writing in their discipline. This activity helps them to "crack the code" of the discipline (Bloggs, 2003, p. 44). Thus, students are learning subject matter and how to write in that disciplinary area by researching and writing assignment essays. Using assignment essays for assessment supports student learning better than the traditional examination system. It is considered that course-work assignment essays can lessen the extreme stress experienced by some students over 'sudden-death' end of semester examinations:
If we insist that all students write about everything they
have learned in their study courses at the same time and in
the same place (e.g. in examinations), we are not giving all
of our students equal opportunities. Some students are not
daunted by the exam experience while others suffer 'exam
nerves' and perform at the lowest level of their capabilities.
(Wonderland University, 2006, p. 4)
Additionally, Jones et al. (2004, pp. 36-37) propose that assignment essays can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback before they are subjected to the exam experience. Exams only provide students with a mark rather than specific feedback on their progress. Therefore, setting assignment essays for a substantial part of student assessment is a much fairer approach than one-off examination testing.
As an assessment tool, assignment essays have some disadvantages for lecturers and students. It has been found that assignment essays consume a great deal of staff time and money to mark and student time to prepare (Sankey & Liger, 2005, p. 192). A consequence of this is that feedback to students is frequently delayed, and this is much less useful to students than rapid feedback (p. 294). It is partly because of these disadvantages of time and expense that other assessments such as multiple-choice tests and short answer questions have an enduring place in the tertiary learning environment.
To conclude, it seems that assignment essays continue to have a prominent role in tertiary education as an assessment tool. This is mainly because they are very effective in developing knowledge and writing skills for subject areas. Also, assignment essays can be less stressful than
examinations as they allow students to show their understanding of content in less pressured circumstances. On the other hand, the time consuming nature of writing and marking essays points to some disadvantages that also need to be considered. The weight of evidence, however, supports the writing of assignment essays for student assessment because this approach has such positive and proven effects for improved student learning.
References
Bloggs, J. (2003). Linking teaching, learning and succeeding in higher education. London: Bookworld.
Jinx, J.M. (2004). Student essay writing. Journal of Research in University Education, 9(2),
114-125.
Jones, J., Smith, P.L., Brown, K., Zong J., Thompson, K. & Fung, P.A. (2004). Helpline: Essays and the university student. Tokyo: Courtyard Printers.
Sankey, J.M. & Liger, T.U. (2003). Learning to write essays [CD-ROM]. Sydney: Wonderland University.
Taylor, G. (1989). The student's writing guide for the arts and social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wonderland University (2006). Attributes of a university graduate. Retrieved from
doi:10.1098/063-112
Yang, S. & Baker, O.E. (2005). Essay writing and the tertiary student. Melbourne: Diamond Press. Zapper, Y. (2006). Learning essay-writing. In F.T. Fax & Y. Phoney (Eds.), Learning Experiences at University (pp. 55-70). Calcutta: Academic Scholar Press.
Sample 11
The Cost of Tourism in the Cook Islands
In theory, tourism brings substantial economic benefits to a country. But who gains the wealth generated? In recent times tour operators have brought large numbers of tourists to the Cook Islands to enjoy their beauty and the traditional life style. Local people meet this demand in the form of profit generation. Can it be argued that tourism in the Cook Islands has brought wealth and well-being for the majority of the local population? Tourism is also promoted as creating jobs and fostering social relations, and in particular a better understanding between nations. However, there is, according to one researcher, "a growing body of empirical evidence that the so-called 'benefits' of tourism are often greatly outweighed by the substantial long-term social and environmental costs incurred" (Mercer, 1994, p. 127). This essay will argue that in the case of the Cook Islands, tourism's economic and social benefits are unfortunately unrealised ideals and that instead it has put stresses and strains on both the country's economic wellbeing and its social values. （This is the introductory paragraph, giving the background to the essay and specifying its focus.）
Turning first to the alleged economic benefits of tourism, we can see that in the case of the Cook Islands, there is a variety of sources of income from tourist receipts. According to a 1991 visitor survey (Tourism Council of the South Pacific, 1991), after beach activities and natural scenery (62%), visitors to the Cook Islands are looking for entertainment and folklore and culture experiences (27%). Tourists contribute to the local economy by spending money on travel to and around the country, as well as on accommodation, food, entertainment and souvenirs. Results from this same survey, for example, revealed that in the survey period (October 1991 to February 1992) close to 90% of tourists surveyed stayed in hotels or similar accommodation. Also, close to 70% of total tourist expenditure was on accommodation, restaurants and bars, with a further 16% on transport, tours and entertainment (Tourism Council of the South Pacific, 1991). Tourists are thus helping to create jobs which are based on making them feel welcome and at the same time they put cash into the economy directly by paying for services. （This paragraph outlines some of the claimed economic benefits.）
There are down sides however. The Cook Islands does not have the capacity to own and maintain businesses such as large airline companies or tourist hotels. They are owned by other countries such as New Zealand or multinational conglomerates. The cost of travel and accommodation, which constitutes a large part of a tourist's expenditure, goes directly to the foreign-owned airlines and hotels. These outside interests draw the bulk of the profit they create out of the country. Little of it reaches the local economy. According to Milne (1987), overseas operators receive approximately 60% of all tourist receipts, while local Europeans receive 23%, with the remaining 17% flowing to Cook Islands owned enterprises. It is likely that these disproportionate shares of control of the tourist dollar will have spin off effects on the social fabric. As Milne claims "the crucial factor in determining the level of negative social impacts is the degree to which local participation in the ownership and control of the industry is undermined" (Milne, 1987, p. 120). Tourism in the Cook Islands in the late eighties appears to have provided overwhelming economic benefit to foreigners rather than the local population. This may well have impacted negatively on the social fabric. It is beyond the scope of the essay to examine this, but Milne's claim seems a reasonable one. （This and the following paragraph critique the point of view
Research on Competency Model:A Literature Review and Empirical Studies Abstract Western countries have applied competency models to addressing problems existed in their administrative and managerial systems since 1970s，and the findings is positine and promising. However, competency model hasn’t been introduced to China until 1990s and it is still unknown and mysterious to many Chinese managers. This paper aims to uncover the mysterious veil of competency model in order to broaden the horizon of Chinese managers and boost China's human resource development as well as management. Keywords:Competency，Competency Models，Empirical Studies of Competency Models It has been more than 30 years since competency model was utilized to human resource management.In western countries，competency model first displayed its effectiveness in government administration, meanwhile many multinationals and their branch companies applied the competency model to their daily business management and their business was a great success. As the notion of competency is gradually come to light and accepted by people all around the world，more and more enterprises have been trying to build their own competency model under the help of professional consultant firms. As a result，competency model has gradually been a very fashionable phrase in the field of management and quite a few enterprises are thus benefited from it. In recent years, competency model has become a hot spot in the Chinese academia as well as big-，middle- and small-sized enterprises alike，many relevant writings and books have also been translated and published. However, competency and competency model are still mysterious to many Chinese scholars, business managers as well as government administrators. Purpose and Significance of the Study The purpose of the study aims to make a critical literature review of the competency model，clarify some confusion related to it and explore its application. The following questions are employed to guide this study:What is competency? What is competency model? What are the theoretical and empirical findings related to competency model?
一、网恋 Directions: Write an essay entitled On-line Love Affair, your essay should meet the requirements below: (1)its side-effect (2)your viewpoints You should write 160~200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 背诵范文： Although the popular belief is that internet increasingly plays an important role in our daily life, a current survey indicates that it has also brought some youngsters great disadvantages. They can do whatever they like, such matters as playing games, chatting. And some are even falling in love with chatters, which is called on-line love. Fresh notion as on-line love is, it sounds ridiculous when analyzed profoundly. What these young people fail to understand is that both sides have not well acquainted with mutually. Some net friends are reported to have been deceived by those people who are doing some criminal activities per year through the internet. Internet has indubitably provided various information for us, and on-line love is nothing but an artifact of fictitious world offered by internet. On the other hand, it is vital that we should make internet serve us better, and at the same time,as far as on-line love is concerned, being objective and levelheaded analysis is not far from being a sensible attitude. 范文精译： 尽管大家普遍认为网络在我们的日常生活中越来越重要，但当前的调查表明它同时也给一些年轻人带来了弊端。人们可以通过网络做他们喜欢做的一切，诸如打游戏、聊天。有些人甚至与聊天者谈起了恋爱，这就是所谓的网恋。 尽管网恋比较新颖，但仔细分析过后不免有些荒唐。这些年轻人没有意识到他们双方并不彼此了解。据报道，每年都有网友被那些专门通过网络做非法勾当的人欺骗。 毋庸置疑，网络给我们提供了各种各样的信息，而网恋只不过是网络这个虚幻世界的产物。一方面，我们应该使网络更好地为我们服务；同时就网恋而言，客观对待、冷静分析才是明智之举。 二、论美女经济 Directions: Write an essay with the title of On“Beauty Economy”，and your essay should be based on the following outline : (1)describe briefly the phenomenon of “beauty economy” (2)list positive effect (3)list negative effect You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 背诵范文： The “beauty economy” actually is “the eyeball economy”. The beauties are used to attract the public attention and make a profit. Meanwhile, the beauty contest activity which we are familiar with is regarded as the most gigantic manifestation of beauty economy. In the supporter’s eyes, the beauty economy gains high business profits through plans, organization, propaganda of the beauty contest. The participants can have the qualifications to participate in the competition as honour. The winners make their social status reach a high position. Thereupon, people become enthusiastic about beauty economy. The merchant has been laughing uproariously which hawked. The beautiful woman has the stage which declares a position. However, others don’t agree with it. Firstly, the beauties are treated as “unliving objects” just like the flower vase, and people pay too much attention to the pretty appearance of the beauties, but their internal world is ignored. Secondly, it leads to the distorted beauty culture. Many girls even women worship blindly the beauties and spend a lot of money in face-lifting to emulate them. Then our traditional aesthetic conceptions are totally overturned, and our conventional virtues completely disappear. Last but not the least, the beauty economy misleads the values. Relying on“being beautiful”, pursuing the wealth, they go after like ducks. And it also causes them to be the money worship.
近十年国内基于语料库的话语研究综述 A Review of Ten - year Research on Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis in China 摘要：文章从基于语料库的话语研究领域出发，通过对2002年至2011年发表在国内八种核心期刊上的论文进行统计与分析，发现这些研究在研究领域取得了很大的进步，涉及到话语各个方向，对于实践有重大指导作用，但同时也出现一些问题值得我们关注。 Abstract: From corpus-based discourse analysis, this thesis finds this field has made great progress, relates to many directions of discourse and has a significant guiding role for the practice, but also brings many problems worthy our attention. All of these are derived from the research and analysis of thesises published in 8 kinds of core journals from 2002 to 2011 in China. 关键词: 语料库话语基于语料库的话语研究 0. 引言 现代语料库语言学是20世纪中后期兴起的一门语言研究科学。语料库是指按一定的语言学原则，运用随即抽样的方法，收集自然出现的连续的语言运用文本或话语片段而建成的具有一定容量的大型电子文库。在20 世纪后半叶的西方语言学界, Chomsky的观点大行其道,秉承该学说的语言研究者唯直觉语料独尊。他们躲在书斋,满足于依靠自己的直觉语料从事语言研究。随着社会语言学、话语分析、语用学、语料库语言学的兴起,越来越多的语言学家认识到光靠直觉语料来研究语言是远远不够的,人们还必须借助语料库语料以及其他各种语料,只有这样我们才能更好地揭示语言的本质,克服直觉语料的局限与不足。这样基于语料库的话语研究越发引起大家的重视，并取得了丰硕的成果。国内基于语料库的话语研究虽然起步较晚，但是成果仍然颇丰。 1. 研究样本 由于近几年运用语料库来做话语研究已经成为语言研究的热点，笔者通过检索主题与关键词，将文献定在2002年至2011年这十年期间，研究样本来源为发表在八种外语类核心期刊的22篇文章。这是因为这8种外语类期刊有一定的权
公共基础知识公文写作考试试题 在一般政论文章的基础上，符合公文的写作规范即可，有做过事业单位考试公共基础知识的公文写作部分试题吗?下面学识网小编给大家介绍关于公共基础知识公文写作考试试题的相关资料，希望对您有所帮助。 公共基础知识公文写作试题 一、填空题： 1、公文的标题中除_________________名称加书名号外，一般不加标点符号。 2、公文的发文字号一般包括_____________、_____________和该年度发文序号。 3、宣布施行重大强制性行政措施，要用_____________________。 4、对重要问题提出见解和处理办法，要用___________________。 5、按内容和发文目的分，函的种类有四种：_________、________、请批函和答复函。 6、联合行文的发文时间，以____________________为准。 7、请示一般只写一个主送机关，如需同时送其它机关，应当用_______________。 8、会议纪要主体的写法有三种：_____________、_______________和摘录式。 9、计划的正文内容应包括目标、____________和____________。
10、发布性通知中，凡发布____________________________________的文件用“转发”，发布______________________的文件用“批转”。 11、公文主题词一般不超过5个，其标引顺序是_______________________。 二、单项选择题： 1、应当标注签发人姓名的公文是() A、平行文 B、下行文 C、外发文 D、上行文 2、任免人员应使用的文种是() A、通报 B、批复 C、通知 D、通告 3、公文的秘密等级应标于文头的() A、左上角 B、右上角 C、左下角 D、右下角 4、下列公文中属于上行文的是() A、报告 B、决定 C、通告 D、议案 5、什么级别以上的政府可发布命令() A、县级 B、乡镇级 C、省级 D、中央级 6、发文字号年份的正确写法是() A、[ 97 ] B、[ 1997 ] C、[ ’97 ] D、[ 1997年] 7、不属于通报适用范围的是() A、表彰先进 B、传达情况 C、申请批准 D、批评错误 8、对下阶段及未来发生的事情作粗线条的预测、打算，一般用()
考研英语作文范文和模板：图表作文 图表作文 1.写作攻略图表作文是考研英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样，但实际上只涉及5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议，而每次考试只是从这5个方面的内容中选出3个结合在一起。从写作类型来看，基本上属于说明文。要求考生围绕题目将有关信息转化为文字形式，考生应该具有一定数据分析和材料归纳的能力，同时会运用一定的写作方法。考研试题一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章，第一段总结归纳信息反映的整体情况，点出主题思想，第二段回答第一段所得出的问题，对数字、数据等做出有条理的分析比较，第三段做出总结或给以简单的评论。表格和图表题型写作要点：(1)考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。(2)考生应该仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单
地罗列图表所给出的信息。(3)图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时，但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。(4)图表作文有一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。(5)图表作文可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。除了上述共同要点，考生还应了解这四种图在写作方面的不同特点。——表格可以表示多种事物的相互关系，所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。——曲线图常表示事物的变化趋势，考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。——柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系，要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。——饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系，旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。(6)列出各段主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开做好铺垫。(7)围绕主题句完成段落的展开。尽量做到主题明确、条理清楚、文字简练。(8)检查与修改。对图
考研英语作文范文 一、写作A节：预测：60%考摘要，40%考书信、备忘录、报告 （一）摘要： 1.最新大纲样题：经济类 Directions： Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points） 经济全球化的主要原因 20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面： 全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的 兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步
的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成，以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。 全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。 首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80 年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体， 40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，
法理 ●法的概念：特定物质生活条件决定的统治阶级意志的体现，由国家制定认可，由国家强制力保证实施的行为规范的综合 ●法的特征:1、调整人的行为或社会关系2、国家制定或认可、并具有普遍约束力3、以国家强制力保护实施4、规定权利和义务 ●法的本质：统治阶级意志的表现 ●法的规范作用：指引、评价、预测、教育和强制 法的作用 ●法的社会作用：维护统治阶级的阶级统治；执行社会公共事务。 ●法与经济基础的关系：经济基础决定法，法又反作用于经济基础。 ●法与生产力的关系：生产力发展的水平直接影响法的发展水平。法律离开社会生产力的发展，既无存在的可能，也无存在的必要。 ●法对市场经济宏观调控的作用：引导；促进；保障；制约。 ●法对微观经济的作用：确认经济活动主体的法律地位，调节经济活动中的各种关系，解决经济活动中哦的各种纠纷，维持正常的经济秩序 ●法与政治的关系：法受政治制约（政治关系发展、整体改革、政治活动的内容），法服务于政治（调节阶级间、阶级内关系，维护社会关系、社会秩序；打击制裁违法犯罪，调整公共事务关系，维护公共秩序） ●法与党的政策的关系： 相同点（内容实质方面联系）：阶级本质、指导思想、基本原则、经济基础、社会目标等 区别：意志属性、规范形式、调整范围（不尽同）、实施方式、稳定性程序化程度 ●法与党的政策相互作用： 一、法的制定：1、政策是立法的依据和指导思想 2、发将政策转为形式合理效力普遍的行为规范 二．发的实施：1、政策变法，使正统，又反之约束政治活动 2、法的实施借助政策作用 ●社会主义民主与法制是相互依存、相互作用、紧密联系、不可分割的。 ●民主是法制的前提和基础，因为：民主是法制产生的依据、力量源泉，决定了法制的性质和内容 ●法的渊源的专有含义：法律规范的形式上的来源和其外在表现形式 ●法律效力等级为：宪法－法律－行政法规－地方性法规－规章（部门和地方政府）。 ●宪法：根本大法，最高法律效力 ●法律：由全国人大或其常务委员会制定、颁布；全国范围内生效；规范性法律文件 ●行政法规：国务院为领导和管理国家各项行政事务根据为宪法、法律 国务院发布的决定、命令，凡具有规范性的也属于发的渊源 ●地方性法规：地方人大及常委会制定（省、自治区、直辖市、省政府所在市、国批的较大市），适用本地方。 ●规章：1、部门规章：指由国务院各部委+中银+审计署+具有行政管理职能的直属机构；依据为：宪法、法律、国务院的行政法规、决定、命令 2、地方规章：政府制定（省、自治区、直辖市、省自治区政府所在市、经济特区所在市、国的较大市）依据：宪法、法律、行政法规 ●自治条例和单行条例：民族自治地方人大制定，区域内生效 ●特别行政区法：在特别行政区内实行的制度由全国人大以法律规定。 ●国际条约：与民法规定不同的，适用国际条约，但声明保留的条款除外。 ●规定是规范性文件，不属于法律范畴，效力低于法律。 ●广义的法律包括法律、行政法规、地方性法规和规章。 ●法律关系三要素（法律规范在调整人们行为过程中形成的权利义务关系）：主体（法律关系的参加者）、客体（权利义务指向的对象：物、精神产品、人身、行为）、内容（权利义务） ●权利能力：能够才加一定的法律关系，依法享有权利承担义务的主体能力； 行为能力：法律关系的主体能够通过自己的行为实际取得权利和承担义务的能力 行为能力必须以权利能力为前提，无权利能力就无法谈行为能力。 ●法人的权利能力：生于成立，终于解体 公民的权利能力：始于出生，终于死亡 ●自然人有权利能力，未必有行为能力，根据年龄和精神状况，分为：完全、限制、无行为能力人
国外教育游戏实证研究文献综述 [摘要] 随着教育游戏在我国认可度以及影响面的扩大，寻求科学而准确的研究方式、方法成为进一步研究教育游戏亟待解决的问题。本文结合国外大量的典型研究文献，对教育游戏实证研究过程进行梳理，总结了教育游戏实证研究的几种常用方法：实验法、问卷调查法、现场观察法和个案研究法，以期为国内学者进行相关研究提供参考。 [关键词] 教育游戏;实证研究;研究过程;研究方法 [中图分类号] G434 [文献标识码]A 一、引言 由于国内教育游戏研究仍处于起步阶段，虽然把游戏单纯的看成是“洪水猛兽”的人越来越少，但这种根深蒂固的观念不是短时间就能彻底改变的。对于把游戏引入教育的做法，社会各界仍普遍持怀疑态度。曾有相关人员做过一份调查（2005年），其中一个问题是“假如有一款内容健康的网络游戏，里面融入益智性的知识，你会让孩子玩吗？”，接受调查的412位来自全国各地的家长中，一半以上对此持怀疑态度。[1]这说明，游戏对于教育的意义不应该仅仅体现在口头上，它蕴藏的巨大的教育潜力还有待证实，这就需要大量的实证数据来作支撑，从而打消家长对于教育游戏的怀疑。因此实证研究对于起步阶段的国内教育
游戏来说是迫切需要的。 另一方面，游戏开发是一项需要高投入的系统工程，一个成功的游戏背后，需要大量的前期调查论证，粗略说来主要包括：玩家调查、需求分析、市场调查等。涉及的问题包括：玩家需求、产品功能设计等。教育游戏的开发难度远远大于一般的游戏，主要体现在教育游戏不但要做到一般游戏所要求的“好玩”，而且要做到“不上瘾 ”，并在此基础上还能进行相关的学习活动，而所有 的这些都需要大量实验数据的支持。 二、教育游戏实证研究的研究过程 “实证研究”是指通过对研究对象大量的观察、实验和调查，获取客观材料，从个别到一般，归纳出事物的本质属性和发展规律的一类研究方法。由此可见，实证研究正是目前国内教育游戏研究所迫切需要的研究方法，参照国外的研究案例，教育游戏实证研究的主要包括以下几个方面：1. 相关文献研究 介绍相关同类研究成果是进行教育游戏实证研究的第一步，主要包括两部分：首先是查阅同类的相关文献，总结其他人在该领域的研究成果，并给予相应的评价——这也是国外进行教育游戏实证研究的惯例；其次是声明与其他研究在研究问题的关注重点、研究方法、理论视角上的区别所在。 2. 描述问题，提出假设，确定研究思路
考研英语作文范文10篇 范文1 "Good Health" 1．身体健康的重要性。 2．保持健康的途径。 3．我自己的实践。 Good Health The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful. There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time. As for me, I like playing tennis in the morning. I also attach much importance to enough sleep and relaxation. I believe this will ensure my good health for the rest of my life. <评析> 这篇文章语句通顺，语言流畅，句式变化多样，用词面比较宽。就内容来说，则很切题，包括了提纲中的所有要点。第一段的第二句即主题句是从提纲发展而来的，第二段的首句，即主题句也是由提纲中的第二点发展而来。 范文2 Hope Project Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. However, because of historical factors, there are still a lot of people in China who are undereducated, especially among youngsters in rural areas. They cannot afford the expenses of schooling and need help. At the same time, China is not able to invest too much money in the matter at present time. It is in this particular situation that the authorities carry out the "Hope Project ". This project is necessary to our country. It is an urgent measure that the government has taken. In the first place, this project will provide conditions for the youngsters to go back to school, which will contribute to their future success. Thus it will lead to the enhancement of the intelligence level in our country. Secondly, education makes it possible for people to acquire knowledge, which is useful to their future work. Hence, this Project benefits the modernization of our country a lot. Finally, it can make more people educated. Therefore, it may indirectly
语言学功能研究综述 “功能”是当代语言学研究的一个重要思想，其发展甚至可追溯到古希腊时期。文章旨在理清语言学研究中“功能”的发展脉络，并探索其在个语言学派之间的传承和相互影响，最后简述元功能思想对促进大学英语教学的可行性。 标签：语言学功能综述 功能一词在《世界诗学大辞典》的定义是：在符号学中，其作为术语的使用分为三个方面：语言功能、句法功能、叙述功能。对“功能”这个术语各语言学派有不同的理解。 语言学研究中有关功能的基本理论和成果 (一)古希腊的功能派 西方语言学最初的功能派出现在古希腊，也称为“描写民俗派”。当时以Protagoras和Plato为代表的智者学派的语言观，归属功能主义语言学。Protagoras 第一次从语义功能角度把句子分成祈求、提问、陈述、命令四类。功能派强调异常，趋向描写性，把语言看成行动；关心的是意义跟修辞功能的关系；强调语言是选择，是资源；强调对语篇的语义解读，并把可接受性或用途(实际出现或可能出现什么)作为理想化标准。 (二)布拉格学派 胡壮麟(2002)称布拉格学派对语言学最重要的贡献就是从“功能”的角度看待语言，认为语言是一种功能，是一种由某一语言社团使用，用来完成基本职责和任务的工具。Mathesius于1923年提出了二功能说，即语言的基本功能是交际功能，表现为两种情况：单纯的交际；呼吁。Mathesius的功能主义主要是一种研究方法。 布拉格语言学派在句法上的功能分析对以后的话语分析和篇章语言学的研究产生了很大的影响。Mathesius提出著名的句子功能全景，认为有必要把句子的实际切分和形式切分区别开来，实际切分的基本要素分别是表达的出发点(主位)和表达的核心(述位)。 受Büler思想影响，布拉格学派在《论纲》中阐述了语言的两个基本功能：体现智能言语活动的社会功能及体现感情言语活动的表现功能。社会功能又分为两方面，一是交际功能，二是诗歌功能。 布拉格学派的Jakobson(1960)在Büler的功能观的基础上将语言的功能扩展为六个：指称功能、诗歌功能、表情功能、呼吁功能、寒暄功能及元语功能。Jakobson功能主义的思想核心，即语言的手段一目的模式。lakobson的“六功能
《公共基础知识》考点复习之公文写作范文 1. 启事 寻物启事 本人不慎于元月二十五日乘七路公共汽车时，将部队复员证、驾驶证、复员介绍信遗失。有拾到者请与XX厂机修车间XXX联系，必有重谢。电话：XXX 启事人：XXX X年X月X日 招领启事 本商场拾到手提包一个，内装人民币若干元，手机、信用卡等物，望失主前来认领。地点：本市XX商场三楼办公室，电话：XXXXXXXX XX商场办公室（盖章） XX年X月X日 2. 声明 遗失声明 上海XXXXXXX贸易公司遗失XXXXXXXX船务公司海运提单，单号XXXXXX，声明作废。 上海XXXXXXX贸易公司（盖章） X年X月X日 投资者声明书 致深圳永信中鹏会计师事务所： 鉴于贵所验证本公司投资者实投资本的需要，现对有关事项作如下声明： 1. 本公司已向贵所提供有关验资的全部法律文件，其中包括但不局限于公司的协议，合同，章程，公司设立申请报告，可行性报告，政府批复，投资者法人资格证明，营业执照，会计报表，身份证，企业名称预先核准通知，以及董事会纪要，决议等文件。 2. 本公司投资者已按公司的协议，合同，章程规定的出资比例，出资方式和出资期限缴足资本。 3. 本公司投资者所投入的现金已汇入本公司银行帐号，以固定资产，无形资产出资的已办理财产转移手续。 4. 非货币资金出资已进行资产评估。
5. 本公司投资者无意于验资后抽逃资金或变相抽逃资金。 6. 贵所接受验资委托时，已向本公司投资者告知了关于验资责任方面的有关法律、法规，其中包括但不限于《中华人民共和国公司法》第三、二十五、三十四、二○八、二○九条，《中华人民共和国注册会计师法》第十七条，财政部《关于明确注册会计师验资报告作用的通知》。 7. 本公司投资者认识到：验资报告仅证明股东出资情况和某一时点公司所拥有的资金情况，它并不是资信证明和偿债能力的证明，只可以向股东及政府有关部门提供，由于对报告使用不当而造成任何损失与事务所无关。 投资者______________（签章） ______________ ______________ 年月日 3. 公示 公示 经本人申请，党组织长期培养考察，近期确定XXX等3名同学为拟发展对象，根据中央及我院党委发展党员公示制的规定，现公示如下: 姓名性别出生年月系别班级职务入党时间 XXX 男1985.6 XX系03级XXXX1班班长2007.9.1 XXX 女1985.7 XX系03级XXXX2班团支书2008.10.1 XXX 女1985.8 XX系03级XXXX1班2008.11.1 公示期自即日始5个工作日，即12月6日―12月10日，凡对发展上述同志入党有意见者，请及时以书面或口头形式向XX系党总支反映，也可直接向党委组织部反映。 接待时间：每天8:00―12:00，14:00―16:30 联系电话：XX系党总支：XXXXXXXX 党委组织部：XXXXXXXX XX系党总支（盖章） XX年XX月XX日 4. 公告 全国人民代表大会常务委员会公告 自第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议以来，有2名全国人大代表逝世：福建陈希仲，广西韦元威（壮族）。罢免1名：山东刘延民。
2020年考研英语作文范文 Part A 51. Directions： you are going to hold a club reading session.Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members。 You should state reasons for yourrecommendation。 You should write neatly on theANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ”instead. Do not write the address 。(10 points) Dear friends， I am writing to tell you about a fantasticbook I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books。 The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story thatfour monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination.Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorouslanguages, thanks to the talented author。 So I recommend it to all of you as one ofthe favorite books that I have ever read. I am sure you will love it as much asI do. I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it. Yours sincerely, LiMing
S e c t i o n I V W r i t i n g Part A 51. Directions: You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points) 【参考范文】 要点归纳： 1.题目要求写一封信，书信格式要完整； 2.收信人为俱乐部成员，是自己的朋友，用语要友好、亲切； 3.写信内容必须包括：推荐一本书，陈述推荐理由，可以从书的名气、内容和意义等方面构思理由。 Dear friends， There will be a big even for book lovers next week --- a book reading session will be hosted. For its
efficiency and effect, I’d like to recommend a book. The book deserving praise and attention is The Road Less Traveled. It is about how to be spiritually healthy and has been a best seller of psychology category for nearly 30 years. The secret of life achievement the author listed stands the test of time and proves to be more meaningful in the modern time when there are an increasing number of people suffering emotionally. It is definitely a highly informative and readable book and hopefully you will love it.