2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
①Thinner isn?t always better. ②A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. ③And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . ④For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ⑤ 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.
①Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.
②It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. ③BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. ④An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. ⑤Between 25 and 30 is overweight. ⑥And over 30 is considered obese. ⑦Obesity,
8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
①While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. ②Obesity is probably less
a matter of weight than body fat. ③Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,
10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . ④For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. ⑤Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
①Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. ②The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. ③Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. ④Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ⑤17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
①Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . ②My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. ③Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. ④Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A]compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
①What would you do with $590m? ②This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. ③If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “Happy Money” by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.
①These two academics use an array of behavioural research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.②Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.③Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. ④What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. ⑤It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals
or even going to the cinema. ⑥These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” ②It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.④This is apparently the reason MacDonald?s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
①Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. ②Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. ③Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. ④Not everyone will agree with the authors? policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. ⑤But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A] A big house.
[B] A special tour.
[C] A stylish car.
[D] A rich meal.
22. The author?s attitude toward Americans? watching TV is __________.
[A] critical
[B] supportive
[C] sympathetic
[D] ambiguous
23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that __________.
[A] consumers are sometimes irrational
[B] popularity usually comes after quality
[C] marketing tricks are after effective
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure
24. According to the last paragraph, “Happy Money” __________.
[A] has left much room for readers? criticism
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
25. This text mainly discusses how to __________.
[A] balance feeling good and spending money
[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
①An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you?re more beautiful than you are. ②We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. ③Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
①We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. ②We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. ③We stalk around thinking we?re hot stuff.
①Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. ②Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. ③Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberat ion”. ④If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
①Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. ②Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhance the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. ③In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. ④“I don?t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion,” says Epley. “It?s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.”⑤If you are dep ressed, you won?t be self-enhancing.
①Knowing the results of Epley?s study, it makes sense that why people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally—on one level, they don?t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. ②Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer?s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle. ③It?s not that people?s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison university, but they portray an idealised version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that __________.
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C] our needs for leadership is unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people?s __________.
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to __________.
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to __________.
[A] instinctively
[B] occasionally
[C] particularly
[D] aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer?s paradise because people can __________.
[A] present their dishonest profiles
[B] define their traditional life styles
[C] share their intellectual pursuits
[D] withhold their unflattering sides
Text 3
①Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. ②Tears, be they of sorrow, anger or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. ③The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. ④The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. ⑤But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
①Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. ②Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological response, it is logical to assume that crying
has one or more functions that enhance survival.
①Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. ②V ocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. ③So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
①Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. ②University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. ③Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. ④Tears shed because of exposure to a cut onion would contain no such substance.
①Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
①At Tulane University?s Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication (药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits p roperly or why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
①At Columbia University, Dr. Linsy Farris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. ②Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the first paragraph that __________.
[A] shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
[B] crying may often irritate people or even result in tragedy
[C] crying usually wins sympathy from other people
[D] one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32. What does “both those responses to tears” (Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?
[A] Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
[B] The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
[C] The tear shedder?s apology and the observer?s effort to stop the crying.
[D] Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “Counterproductive” (Line 7, Para. 1) most probably means “_________”.
[A] having no effect at all
[B] leading to tension
[C] producing disastrous impact
[D] harmful to health
34. What does the author say about crying?
[A] It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
[B] It must have a role to play in man?s survival.
[C] It is meant to get attention and assistance.
[D] It usually produces the desired effect.
35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
[A] Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.
[B] Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
[C] Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.
[D] Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.
Text 4
①When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. ②Housing is seldom mentioned.
①Why is that? ②To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. ③We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.
④Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. ⑤It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.
⑥But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
①Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. ②Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
①The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.②It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
①There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. ②The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. ③Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
①Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
①But it is not just down to the government.②While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5 billion programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.③The Labour party has recently announced that it will re tain a large part of the coalition?s spending plans if it returns to power.④The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.⑤We need to adjust to this changing climate.
While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.
36. The author believes that the housing sector __________.
[A] has attracted much attention
[B] involves certain political factors
[C] shoulders too much responsibility
[D] has lost its real value in economy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has __________.
[A] increased its home supply
[B] offered spending opportunities
[C] suffered government biases
[D] disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may __________.
[A] allow greater government debt for housing
[B] stop local authorities from building homes
[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt
[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would __________.
[A] lower the costs of registered providers
[B] lessen the impact of government interference
[C] contribute to funding new developments
[D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may __________.
[A] implement more policies to support housing
[B] review the need for large-scale public grants
[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme
[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. (10 points)
Uncommon Ground—Land Art in Britain
①The term Land Art brings to mind epic interventions in the land such as Robert Smithson?s Spiral Jetty, 6,500 tons of basalt, earth and salt projecting into Utah?s Great Salt Lake, or Roden Crater, an extinct volcano in Arizona, which James Turrell has been transforming into an immense naked-eye observatory since 1979.
①Richard Long?s A Line Made By Walking, however, involved nothing more strenuous than
a 20-minute train ride from Waterloo. ②Having got off somewhere in suburbia, the artist walked backwards and forwards over a piece of grass until the squashed turf formed a line, a kind of drawing on the land.
①Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. ②Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.
①The message of this survey of British land art—the most comprehensive to date—is that the British variant, typified by Long?s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. ②Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long?s photograph of his work is the work. ③Since his “action” is in the past th e photograph is its sole embodiment.
①That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains
a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.
①Long is Britain?s be st-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. ②The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. ③Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. ④Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.
①Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard?s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.
①Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. ②While it probably wasn?t apparent at the t ime, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. ③Derek Jarman?s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.
①In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can?t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. ②A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. ③British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn?t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. ④It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.
41. Stone Circle
42. Olaf Street Study
43. Across the Park [A] originates from a long walk that the artist took
[B] illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art
[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition
44. Towards Avebury
45. Seven days [D] represents the elegance of the British land art
[E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art
[F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors
[G] contains images from different parts of the same photograph Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that?s perpetually half full. But that?s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn?t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn?t. Finally, th ere is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn?t matter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to
1) tell him about your living habits, and
2) ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
答案及解析
Section I Use of English
1. [试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]空格处意思为“一系列的研究已经______，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人”。结合常识，研究一般是要得出一定结论的，因此四个选项中B项合乎题意。conclude表示“下结论，总结”，conclude 后可跟that从句作宾语，表明结论的具体内容。
[干扰排除]A选项denied（否认）与文章想表达的含义相反了，这里说研究就是要得出一个结论，开头部分没有任何线索表示要进行否定。C选项doubled（翻倍）与题意无关，而且double that+从句的用法闻所未闻，是不可以这么用的。D选项ensured（确保）也不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论，没有语句证明这些研究保证了什么。
2. [试题考点]语境把握+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]空格处意思为“对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有______”。结合上下文，研究的结论表明超重能减少罹患疾病的风险。此处又用的是and表连接，说明后面是进一步说明超重具有一定的益处。该句后面的例子形象地阐述了空格处的形容词的意思：“那么体重更高的女人比体重轻的女人更不容易缺钙”，这个例子说明超重是有好处的，对人体具有一定的保护作用，所以选项中protective符合题意，故选项A为正确答案。
[干扰排除]B选项dangerous表示“危险的”，和文章意思相反，后面的例子说的是好处而非坏处。C选项sufficient表示“充足的”，不符合语境，故不选。D选项troublesome表示“有麻烦的”，后面的例子是说好处，不是麻烦，与文章意思不符，故排除。
3. [试题考点]语义关系。
[解题思路]结合前文，研究表明一定程度上超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，具有一定的保护作用。紧接着用for example引出例子，说明较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。接着写到“在老年人中，一定程度上超重______”。可以看到前后都在举例证明超重带来的益处，所以应填入表明和前半句相顺接的词语。likewise表示“同样地，也，而且”，故选项C为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项instead表示相反对比的关系，不符合语义关系。B选项however表转折，和A选项一样表示相反的关系，也不符合要求。D选项therefore表示“因此”，是因果关系，此处考查的不是因果关系，是顺接关系。
4. [试题考点]文章结构+连词辨析。
[解题思路]结合上下文，一定程度的肥胖可减少患疾病的危险，具备一定的保护作用。此处是举例说明，“对于年老的女性同样可以认为一定程度的肥胖是健康的______”。此处需要填入一个表示象征或者是显示的名词。indicator意思为“指标，指示”，符合语境。indicator of sth 意为“……的象征”，就是说超重是健康的一种象征，完全符合文章的表述。第一段
一直讲超重的好处，那么顺承下来的意思必然是健康的象征，故选项A为正确答案。
[干扰排除]B选项objective表示“客观”或“目标”，表示“目标”时，代入文中，意思为“健康的目标”，不符合语境。C选项origin表示“来源”，这一段的意思并没有说到健康的起源，所以逻辑不通。D选项example表示“例子”。结合上下文，研究表明一定范围的超重代表了健康，对于年老女性而言超重是健康的指标，而不是目标、来源或者是例子，所以以上三项都可排除。
5. [试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]上一段说明从某种角度来讲肥胖是有益的。本段开始就谈到“很难定义肥胖”这一问题。本题空格所在句是一个倒装句，其正常顺序为“the fact that… is of even great _____”，也就是说，“肥胖很难定义甚至更加_____”。结合上下文这里应该指引人关注，选项中表示这一意思的为concern，符合语境，故选项D为正确答案。“of +名词”这种结构相当于该名词的形容词，如of significance等于significant，这一结构常位于系动词be 之后作表语。而且，of和名词之间可以加上某些形容词表达更加强烈的感情，比如强调，此处of greater concern中great用了比较级是因为前文出现了关心的问题，这里表明“更加令人关注的是……”。
[干扰排除]A选项impact表示“影响”，前文没有提到过肥胖的不好影响，当然不能够说更加影响这样的说法。B选项relevance表示“相关性”，前文没有提到相关性的问题，不应该出现更加相关这样的说法。C选项assistance表示“辅助”，代入文中，意思为“肥胖难以定义甚至有更大的辅助”，不符合语境。
6. [试题考点]语境理解+短语辨析。
[解题思路]句①说到，我们很难定义肥胖。此处“It is often defined _____ body mass index”的字面意思为“它（肥胖）被定义_____体重指数”，空格后面的body mass index是一个标准或参考，显然肥胖是依据此定义的。所以空格应填入表示“根据，依据，按照”意义的选项，由此可发现符合条件的为in terms of，故选项A为正确答案。
[干扰排除]B选项in case of 表示“在某种情况下”，空格后是body mass index，“在这些指标的情况下”不合文意。C选项in favor of 表示“赞成”，下定义是客观的，不能够根据喜好来定义。D选项in respect of表示“鉴于……”，貌似有点道理，但是和in terms of一比较就显得牵强，也不地道。
7. [试题考点]语义理解+动词辨析。
[解题思路]句①、②说到，对于肥胖可能很难有一个明确的定义，一般以体重指数（BMI）为依据定义。本句意思为“BMI_____体重除以身高的平方”，很明显解释什么是BMI。联想我们的数学公式，用equal表示“等于”，由此可判断选项C为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A 选项measures表示“测量”，BMI并不是用来测量重量的方法或者公式，不符合文意。B 选项determines表示“确定，决定”，BMI不是用来确定重量的，它本身就是重量的一种表达方式。D选项modifies表示“修改”，前文没有说到任何事情可以证明BMI可以修改重量，这种说法本身就不符合常识。
8. [试题考点] 句意理解+介词短语辨析。
[解题思路]上文说到，肥胖以体重指数（BMI）为依据定义，且BMI是体重除以身高的平方。既然肥胖已被定义，那么肥胖也会有等级划分的。空格之后的moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese就说明了这种等级：中度、重度和极度肥胖。可以看出这种
划分是按照前文句④、⑤、⑥所描述的肥胖程度进行操作的，因此空格中最合适的选项为in turn。in turn表示“依次，分别”，表明了与前文的对应，符合语境，故选项C为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项in essence表示“事实上，实际上”，虽然语法上面没有错误，但是这个词用在这里没有任何意义，和前文没有联系。B选项in contrast表示“相反地”，本句是在对应着前文几个肥胖程度的描述进行一一归类的，没有表达相反的意思。D选项in part 表示“部分地”，不符合原文，没有语句表明这个分类只是部分而不是全部。
9. [试题考点]语义关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]上文说到，肥胖可以由一个公式简明地表示出来，并且根据值的大小分为不同的等级。本句用While表示“尽管……”，有一种让步的含义，说明实际情况与While句所述内容并不相同。本句句意为“这样的数字标准尽管看起来_____，但实际上并非如此”，由上下文可判断出，空格处应填入表示“直截了当的，很清楚的，很明白的”的词语，选项中straightforward符合这一条件，故选项D为正确答案。
[干扰排除] A选项complicated表示“复杂的”，这里的数字标准指的就是体重指数，并分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以complicated不符合文意。B选项conservative表示“保守的”，这里与保守无关。C选项variable表示“变化的”，这些数字标准是经过大量研究制定出来的，不可能是变化的，因此也不符合题意。
10. [试题考点]语义关系+连词辨析。
[解题思路]空格所在句③意思为：“一些人BMI值很高，实际上身材正好，_____其他BMI 值较低的人可能11 较差。”显然前后是对比的关系，选项中只有while表示“然而”，经常用来连接句子或者短语表达前后对比，故选项B为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项so表示“所以”，这里连接的是两个并列的句子，没有因果关系。C选项since表示“因为”，但是句子后面不是前面的原因。D选项unless表示“除非……”，很明显这个也说不通，不符合逻辑。
11. [试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]由上一题可知，本句的两个分句形成对比。本句可简化为：Some...are fit, while others...may be in poor_____. 前面fit表示体形保持很好，而“in poor_____”意思应与“体形保持很好”相反，英语中shape表示“身材，体形”，in good shape或者in bad shape是很地道的说法，表明一个人身材的好坏，这里in poor shape和前面的fit相对比，故选项A为正确答案。
[干扰排除]B选项spirit表示“精神”，这里说的是身材，和精神无关。C选项balance表示“均衡”，in balance这个词组语法没错，这里说的是身体好坏的事情也沾边，不过因为while 连接的两个句子是对比关系，词上面也要对应起来，balance和fit可以说是一个意思，不能表达相反的意思。D选项taste表示“品味，口味”，这里在说健康不健康的问题，没有说到口味的问题。
12. [试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]句③说到，一些人BMI值很高，实际上身材正好，而其他BMI值较低的人却有可能体型肥胖。句④、⑤则提供一个例证来支持句③所述：许多大学和职业足球运动员_____是肥胖的，尽管他们相对而言脂肪很少。而与之相反，一个个子瘦小而脂肪很高的人却可能有13 BMI值。不难看出，句④、⑤分别与句③前后两个分句相对应。也就
是说，这些大学和职业足球运动员虽然脂肪很少，但他们的BMI值却很高，即他们被认为是肥胖的。由此可知，空格词的意思是“认为”或“符合”，选项中符合要求的是qualify。qualify表示“有资格，被认为……”，文中通过足球运动员的例子说明虽然有些球员脂肪很少，但是他们却被列入了肥胖行列，故选项B为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项表示“开始”，这些球员不是作为肥胖者开始的，他们是运动员，只是被认为是肥胖的。C选项表示“退休”，与内容无关，文章从始至终都没有提到运动员退休的事情，只说了他们还在职位上的事情。D选项stay表示处于一种状态，球员们不能够一直是肥胖状态，他们被人列为肥胖者，而不是作为胖子生活着，两种表达含义不同。13. [试题考点]语义关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]由上一题可知，句⑤与句③后一分句相对应。本句意思为“一个个子瘦小而脂肪很高的人却可能BMI值”，句③后一分句的意思为“其他BMI值较低的人却有可能体型肥胖”，由此可判断空格词的意思为“较低”或“不高”，观察四个选项，符合条件的只有normal。normal表示“正常的”。句子意思是有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却处于正常值，故选项C为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项strange表示“奇怪的”，不符合文意，BMI值是一个指标，只能高、低或正常，而不能是“奇怪的”。B选项changeable表示“可变的”，也不符合语境，这个词和high没有对比关系。D选项constant表示“常数的，不变的”。根据常识，肥胖者的BMI 也不会是恒定的，不符合语意。
14. [试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]本句意思为“如今我们有一种，把肥胖看作是一种耻辱”，浏览本段下文，阐述的都是社会上歧视肥胖的各种情形，由此可判断出，本题空格所在句为本段的主题句，是对本段主题的概括，说明了社会上歧视肥胖的普遍性。观察四个选项，空格处最适合的词为tendency，have a tendency to do sth意思为“有做某事的倾向”，故选项D为正确答案。[干扰排除]A选项option是“选择”的意思，今天我们可以选择把胖子当成侮辱对象，不符合语境。B选项意思是“原因”，后面讲的是歧视肥胖的各种情形，与原因无关，所以reason 用在这里不合适。C选项是“机会”的意思，把肥胖标榜为侮辱绝不是什么机会，机会往往说的是好事情，而这个话语是贬义的。
15. [试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]句①提到了当今人们将肥胖视为一种耻辱的倾向，本句意思是“有时候胖子们不露脸在媒体”。既然大家都觉得肥胖是一种丢人的事情，那么当他们在媒体中出现时可能会处理为不露脸。因此，空格词的意思应与“出现”相关，选项中最合适的词语为pictured。picture作动词时，意思为“拍照，展示”，符合本文语境，故选项B为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项employed表示“利用，使用”，代入文中，意思是胖子有时蒙着脸在媒体被利用，无法讲通。C选项imitated表示“模仿”，如果填入这个词，那么翻译成“胖子有时被蒙着脸被媒体模仿”，逻辑不通。D选项monitored表示“控制”，带入文中表示“胖子们被媒体控制了”，也不符合文意。
16. [试题考点]语义关系+形容词辨析。
[解题思路]空格所在句的意思是：与肥胖的成见包括懒惰、缺乏意志力、不可能成功。本段都在讲人们对肥胖所抱有的普遍偏见，可见这里所提到的内容都是人们心目中对肥胖者形成的不正确的看法，因此本题选择associated。associated表示“与……相关的”，这里
associated with obesity为过去分词短语做主语stereotypes的后置定语。故选项D为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项compared表示“与……相比”，逻辑关系不对，这里提到的是与肥胖相关的成见，而不是在比较。B选项combined表示“与……相结合”，指使物体结合或混合从而形成一个整体，显然与原文不相符合。C选项settled表示“解决，处理”，代入文中，stereotypes settled with obesity意思是“与肥胖把成见解决了”，逻辑不通。
17. [试题考点]语义关系+副词辨析。
[解题思路]本段的主题是如今人们有一种将肥胖视为耻辱的倾向。句④说到，教师、雇主以及保健医生对肥胖的偏见表露无遗。成人如此，那么小孩子是什么态度呢？本句说明了这一问题：“小孩子总是看不起超重的人，而且嘲笑肥胖者一直是学校的一个问题”。本空格缺少一个副词，结合语境，应该填入递进的词汇，even表示“甚至”，有递进的意思。本段一直在讲肥胖者被人贬低的现象，层层递进，此处用even来强调严重性，情感上最贴切，故选项A为正确答案。
[干扰排除]B选项Still表示“仍然”，如果前文提到过孩子们嘲笑胖子，那么这里就可以选择该项，可见这里不适合。C选项Yet表示“然而”，用于疑问句或否定句，这里并没有转折的意思，完全是递进关系，用Yet不妥。D选项Only表示“仅仅，只不过”，前文已经提到除了孩子们之外的其他人的贬低行为，这里再说“仅仅孩子们在做”是不对的，因为其他人也做了类似的事情。
18. [试题考点]语义关系+动词辨析。
[解题思路]空格所在的短语“___ in health concerns”修饰Negative attitudes toward obesity，说明了这种对肥胖的负面态度的产生与对健康的关注之间的关系。本句意思为：对肥胖的负面态度是___对健康的关注而产生的，已经激发众多反肥胖的19 。人们通常认为肥胖是不健康的，因此，对肥胖的负面态度是源于对健康的关注而产生的。观察四个选项，符合这一语义的为grounded。grounded表示“基于……”，反对肥胖是基于对健康的关注，故选项D为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项despised表示“歧视”，关注健康问题不应该是歧视的态度，故排除。B 选项corrected不与in搭配。C选项ignored表示“忽略”，而文中健康问题一点也没有被忽略，反而是描写得很多，处于很受关注的地位。
19. [试题考点]语义关系+名词辨析。
[解题思路]句①指出基于对健康问题的关注，出现了一些反肥胖的___。空格后的句子出现了banned sugary drinks和have instituted weight and fitness initiatives以及a high-visibility campaign等都是政策、措施，因此空格词应与政策、措施相关。在四个选项中，policies 是结合前后文理解最恰当的一个词，故选项C为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项discussions表示“讨论，议论”，后文没有说到任何和讨论有关的问题。B选项businesses表示“商业”，后文的描述不是商业行为，而是很多的政策涉及的行为。D选项studies表示“研究，学习”，后文也没有说到展开了什么研究，所以不选。
20. [试题考点]句意理解+介词辨析。
[解题思路]本段的主题是反对肥胖，句①提到考虑到健康问题，出现了一些反肥胖的政策。此处接着讲到“米歇尔·奥巴马已经发起了一个非常引人注目的___儿童肥胖运动，甚至宣称肥胖是国家最大的安全威胁”。既然肥胖威胁国家安全，所以这里明显是反对儿童肥胖。
空格词应表示“反对”，最合适的选项只有against，故选项B为正确答案。
[干扰排除]A选项for表示“支持”，与文意相反，这些政策出台是为了要阻止肥胖而不是支持肥胖。C选项with表示“伴随”，意思有误，米歇尔·奥巴马不可能与孩童肥胖一起举行运动。D选项without表示“没有”，不能表示文中反对的意思。
【全文翻译】
①瘦并非总能带来好处。②大量研究已表明和超重的人相比，正常体重的人患某些疾病的风险更高。③对于某些健康状况而言，超重事实上具有一定的保护作用。④比如说较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。⑤同样地对于老年人而言，在老年人中，一定程度上超重常常意味着健康。
①需要更加注意的是肥胖很难定义。②肥胖是依据体重指数来定义（BMI）。③BMI就是体重除以身高的平方。④一个成年人BMI值介于18到25之间会被当做是正常体重。⑤介于25到30之间的被界定为是超重。⑥BMI值高于30则被称作肥胖。⑦肥胖依次被分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。
①尽管这样的数字标准看起来一目了然，实际上并非如此。②肥胖或许和体重关系很小，而更多与脂肪有关系。③一些人BMI值很高，实际上身材正好，而其他BMI值较低的人却有可能体型肥胖。④举例来说，许多大学和职业足球运动符合肥胖的指标，尽管他们相对而言脂肪很少。⑤而与之相反，一个个子瘦小而脂肪很高的人却可能BMI值正常。
①当前我们倾向把肥胖看作是一种丢脸的事情。②出现在媒体中的肥胖者有时是不露脸的。③人们肥胖怀有的成见包括懒惰、缺乏意志力、不可能成功。④教师、雇主以及保健医生已经对于肥胖的偏见表露无遗。⑤甚至小孩子也看不起肥胖者，而且对肥胖者的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。
①对肥胖的负面态度是基于对健康的关注，已经激发一批反肥胖的政策。②我所在的医院系统已禁止含糖饮料的供应。③很多企业已开展减肥和健身举措。④米歇尔·奥巴马已经发起了非常引人注目的消除儿童肥胖的运动，她甚至宣称肥胖是国家最大的安全威胁。
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. [解题思路]事实细节题。根据关键词Dunn and Norton定位到文章第一、二段。但第一段
只是提到了两个人，并没有相关的详细信息，所以需要详细阅读第二段。第二段句⑤说到“it is far better to spend money on experiences...like interesting trips...”（把钱花在体验上，比如说旅行，则好得多），句⑥又提及“These purchases often become more valuable with time...”（这些花费经历时间常常变得更有价值）。选项B“特别的旅行”与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]A选项根据第二段句②“...involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes”
中的extravagant homes（豪华的房子）设置的干扰，其主语是Fantasies of great wealth，并非描述回报最好的购买，故排除。选项C同样是根据这句中的fancy cars设置干扰，与题干无关，故排除。选项D根据句⑤中的unique meals（独特的饮食）设置干扰，“独特的饮食”并不是rich meals(丰盛的饭菜)，属于偷换概念，故排除。
22. [解题思路]观点态度题。根据关键词Americans? watching TV定位在第三段句②，该句出
现了watching television的字眼儿，紧跟其后的括号内的句子“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”是对美国人看电视这件的事情的评价，意思是“普通美国人一年会花整整两个月的时间看电视，但他们并不因此而更快乐”，由此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是批判性的，A选项与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]关于作者观点态度的题目一般比较明显，根据第三段的句子就可以排除其余三项。
23. [解题思路]篇章结构题。根据关键词McRib定位在第三段。McRib所在的句④说到“This
is apparently the reason MacDonald?s restricts the availability of its popular McRib”（这就是为什么麦当劳限制出售受欢迎的烤汁猪排堡的原因），此处指示代词this表近指，相关内容要在前文句③去找。句③的意思是“买礼物或者是做慈善通常要比给自己买东西更令人高兴，而且有节制地进行奢侈消费最令人愉悦”。由此可知D项所述“难以得到的东西通常会增加愉悦感“与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]A选项根据they are consumed sparingly设置的干扰，其意思是加以节制的消费，而不是说消费者们有时候变得无理性的，故排除。B选项属于无中生有，故排除。
C选项根据本段最后一句...a marketing trick设置的干扰，原意是McRib是一种市场营销手段，这一手段使得人们趋之若鹜，而after effective意思是迟发效应的，与原文不符合，故排除。
24. [解题思路]事实细节题。直接定位在最后一段，“Happy Money”是一本书，句④、⑤提到：
Not everyone will agree with... But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent，意思是并不是每一个人都赞同作者的观点，但大多数人看完这本书后，然认为其物有所值。因此B选项说“Happy Money”值得购买与此相符，故为答案。
［干扰排除］最后一段只有最后两句话表明读者的两种看法，并不能说明给读者留有很大的批判余地，A选项属于望文生义，故排除。C选项基于最后一段句②③设置的干扰，这两句是说金钱不一定能买到快乐，但是在更富裕国家的人们一般比贫穷国家的人们快乐。不过，不管是在富裕的国家还是贫穷的国家，把钱消费在其他人身上感觉良好的联系随处可见，并不是没有谈及两者之间的收入差距，故排除。D选项根据最后一句设置干扰，读者感受到物有所值，但不一定就是成就感，属于望文生义，故排除。
25. [解题思路]主旨要义题。文章的主旨需要结合文章各段落的大意总结而得出。第一段以
一位84岁的中奖后如何消费为例，引出金钱与满足或快乐（lasting feelings of fulfillment）的话题。第二段紧接第一段提到的两个人Dunn and Mr Norton以及他们的书“Happy Money”，写到他们提出的可能的最有价值的或回报最好的消费——一次特别的旅行。第三段提到McRib，同时也说明一点买礼物或者做慈善可能比给自己置办东西要快乐。最后一段说“Happy Money”的读者对该书褒贬不一，但是大部分读者还是认可的，赞同书中关于金钱消费与幸福感的论述。所以，文章的主旨就是论述由金钱消费相关的持久的成就感或满足感，C选项与此相符，故为答案。
［干扰排除］A选项关于消费与感觉良好之间的平衡时第一段提出的一个话题，文章并没有对此展开论述，故排除。“Happy Money”关于金钱消费与幸福感的论述并非针对lottery winners，故排除B项。文中关于luxury只在第三段最后两句话提及，是说奢侈品
的消费要有节制才会令人感到愉悦，而不是说奢侈品的消费是合理的，显然D选项是不正确的说法，故排除。
【全文翻译】
①如果你有5.9亿美金，你会拿这笔钱做什么？②如今格洛里亚?麦肯齐就面临这样一个问题，她是一位失去丈夫的84岁高龄的老太太，居住在佛罗里达州她的小铁皮房子里，她近日独自中了美国历史上金额最大的彩票累积资金。③如果她想让这份意外之财给自己带来更为持久的幸福感，那她不如去拜读一番由伊丽莎白?邓恩和迈克尔·诺顿合著的书《快乐理财》。
①伊丽莎白?邓恩和迈克尔·诺顿这两位学者运用一系列行为研究表明最受益的消费方式可能具有反直觉性质。②通常巨额财富会让人想到豪车和豪宅。③不过，这些物质购买带来的满足感会很快消失。④曾经让人兴奋和带来新奇的东西到手之后不过就像是老旧的礼帽；懊恼悄然而至。⑤用伊丽莎白和迈克尔的话说，这远不如把钱花在寻求体验上，比如说旅行、特别的膳食及去电影院看电影。⑥随着时间的流逝，这些体验往往会变得珍贵——成为故事或记忆——如果这些体验与他人相关则更是如此。
①这本薄薄的书中充满了许多既能让工资的奴仆也能让彩票的幸运儿获得“金钱带来的快乐大爆发”的建议。②如果人们能够缩短他们的工作时间和看电视的时间而花更多的时间跟朋友和家人在一起，这似乎会让他们的生活的品质提高。普通美国人一年会花整整两个月的时间看电视，但他们并不因此而更快乐。③买礼物或者是做慈善通常要比给自己买东西更令人高兴，而且有节制地进行奢侈消费最令人愉悦。④这就是麦当劳为什么限制出售受欢迎的烤汁猪排堡的原因——这种营销手段使人们为之着迷。
①《快乐财富》的读者显然是生活富足的人，他们考虑的是生活的满足感而不是饥饿。
②金钱不一定能买到快乐，但是富裕国家的人们一般比贫穷国家的人们快乐。③不过，不管是在富裕的国家还是贫穷的国家，把钱消费在其他人身上感觉良好的联系随处可见，对大多数人来说，稀缺性提升了很多事情的快乐。④并不是每个人都同意作者在从安排更多的度假时间到减少税收刺激美国购房者的观点。⑤但是读完这本书，大多数的人会觉得它物有所值。
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26. [解题思路]事实细节题。直接定位到第一段，第一段第三句“社会心理学家对所谓的…高于
均数效应?或者…虚幻的优越感?进行大量的研究，发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数据明显都是不可能的。”由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。
A选项与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]第一段提到的所谓…高于均数效应?或者…虚幻的优越感（illusory superiority）?，它们的出现是有一定的原因的，并不是说illusory superiority就是毫无依据的一种效应，A选项属于望文生义，故排除。C选项根据70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership设置的干扰，此处只是说70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上，并非说人们对于领导力的需求是不自然的，B选项也属于望文生义，故排除。D选项根据句②设置干扰，文中意思是我们使用了一系列这样的自我美化的策略，结果怎样并没有定论，所以D选项的推论没有根据，故排除。
27. [解题思路]事实细节题。根据关键词Visual recognition定位到第三段。第三段句③说到
“Visual recognition... is an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intu itively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”，意思是“视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这
个过程依靠直觉快速发生，几乎没有或者说没有明显的有意行为”。由此可知，这项研究认为视觉识别是人们的直觉反应。选项C与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]A选项根据第三段句④中的quickly chose a falsely flattering image设置的干扰，此处主语是subjects，因此与题干无关，故排除。B选项表述与文中内容相反，文中指出...with little or no apparent conscious deliberation，即这种识别几乎是无意识的，并非有意识的选择，故排除。句③说到这种识别是一种automatic psychological process（自动的心理过程），并非自动的自我护卫，D选项属于断章取义，故排除。
28. [解题思路]事实细节题。根据关键词Epley和self-esteem定位到第四段。句②讲到“没有
证据显示那些自我拔高最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自己内心的不安”，接着句③讲到“事实上，那些认为那些美化的照片就是自己的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人”，可见表现出更高自尊的人对自己的魅力深信不疑，B选项与此相符，故为答案。
[干扰排除]A选项根据句②make up for profound insecurities设置的干扰，文中意思是“没有证据显示那些自我拔高最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自己内心的不安”，并不是说他们低估了他们的不安全，故排除。C选项根据第四段末句If you are depressed, you won?t be self-enhancing设置的干扰，文中意思是“如果你感到沮丧，那你不会自我拔高”，而不是说自尊心强的人倾向于遮掩他们的压抑，故排除。D选项意思是“过于简化他们的幻觉”，根据第四段句④中的simply 设置干扰，然而句④只提到了“这种情况只不过反映了人们通常对自己评价过高”，并没有相关他们简化他们的幻觉的信息，故排除。
29. [解题思路]语义理解题。直接定位到第五段，viscerally所在句讲到“如果了解了埃普利的
研究结果，就会明白为什么许多人viscerally讨厌照片中的自己，从某种层面上说，他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己”，从前文可知，根据埃普利的研究，许多人无意识地认为经过修饰的照片是真实的自己，这种心理过程occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation，由此可判断viscerally可能与“无意识地”、“下意识地”有关。四个选项中，与此最接近的是instinctively（本能地），故答案为选项A。
viscerally意思是“出于本能地，非理性地”，即instinctively。
[干扰排除]其他三个选项分别意为“偶然地”、“特别地”、“攻击性地，有进取心地”，由以上分析，都不符合原文，故全部排除。
30. [解题思路]推理判断题。根据关键词Facebook定位到最后一段。最后一段句②讲到“因此，
Facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在这里人们可以分享自己最漂亮的照片，展示他们最突出的机智、风度、美丽、学识和生活方式”，由此可推断，在Facebook上，人们展示的是他们最好的一面，而不好的一面或者说最真实的一面只有他们自己知道。选项D意思为“人们可以不让别人知道自己最真实的一面”与此相符，故为答案
[干扰排除]最后一段句③接着讲到“不是人们不诚实，而是他们展示了自己最理想的形象”，A选项说“他们展示了他们不诚实的一面”，与文中内容相反，故排除。B选项是根据句②中the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle设置的干扰，文中并未提及他们传统的生活方式，属于断章取义，故排除。同样，文中只是说他们在Facebook展示他们最优秀的学识，并非分享他们的学术追求，C选项的表述与原文是有出入的，故排除。
【全文翻译】
①《科学美国人》上的一篇文章指出，实证研究证明，人们其实认为他们比真实的自己更漂亮。②自我感觉良好是我们内心的一种需要，我们自然地使用了一系列自我拔高的策略
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health. Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured 2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example 5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern 6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of 7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies 8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part 9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward 10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless 11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste 12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay 13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant 14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency 15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored 16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
绝密★启用前 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 管理类专业学位联考 英语（二） （科目代码：204） 考生注意事项 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定 位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘 贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写 在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分 必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem ___9___, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, ___10___ others with a low BMI may be in poor___11___.For example, many collegiate and professional football players ___12___ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a ___13___ BMI. Today we have a(an) ___14___ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes___15___ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes ___16___ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ___17___ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, ___18___ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity ___19___. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign__20___ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking.
2014年4 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题 1 分，共10 分) 下面的短文后列出了10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及， 选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1.You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3.It is hard to End n safe environment for running. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4.Running in good in people' S body and mind. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. A long-distance run is good in many ways. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6.You can find running programs online. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7.Running programs set goals for you. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8.You should go for a run even day. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9.Runners respect one another as they love the sport. A. True B. False C. Not Given
2014年考研英语二真题答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 、【答案】B concluded