考研英语真题分析及复习的攻略
对于任何一门英语考试，真题的重要性都是任何其他练习题和模拟题无可比拟的，真题体现最正统的出题风格，吃透了真题就能把出题人的出题思路摸的八九不离十，才能按照出题人的思路答出高分答案。而考研英语的全部复习内容和技巧，都可以从真题中衍生出来。
真题题型分析表
笔者在考研英语的复习中，80%的时间都用在了真题上。在此不妨随笔者一同分析真题的特点。
题型分值特点复习策略
阅读理解40分提升速度缓慢。分配大部分复习时间。
写作30分
完型填空10分做得好的和做得差相差不大，即使不看题直接选答案也不会差太多，是整张试卷最为“鸡肋”的部分。不用特意复习，分配最少的时间。
新题型10分对大部分人来说，此题难度不大，且提升较快。分配时间在完形填空和翻译之间。
翻译10分较难，但是这部分的提升空间很大。在三种１０分的题型中分配最多的时间。
关于背单词的两大误区
1、背诵单词就是要能灵活用所有单词
从长期英语学习来看，这种看法是对的，但从应试的角度来说，就未必了。通过真题分析得出，真题考查的词汇层次归纳起来有两种，一是阅读词汇，一是写作词汇，这和我们脑海中的词汇类型也相匹配。阅读词汇就是我们在阅读过程中，看到就能在脑海中反应出意思的单词，也称被动词汇；而写作词汇则是我们掌握得更深刻的一种，我们在写作或口语表达中能主动地使用它们，也称主动词汇。
在大多数人的“库存”中，阅读词汇量都远远大于写作词汇量，这是因为阅读词汇的积累比写作词汇容易很多：可能一个生词我们见过两三次后再看到就知道是什么意思了，这样它就进入了我们的阅读词汇库；但要把它变成写作词汇，则要对它进行更多主动地记忆，甚至反复进行使用练习。
那么真题又是怎么考查单词的呢？完型填空考句型语法、短语搭配，需要对单词用法和搭配熟悉；阅读理解考查的是句意理解（尤其是长句）、文章大意；翻译考查的是理解句意并有效组织中文语言；写作考核的是有逻辑地组织英语语言。因此，在应试中，我们并不需要一视同仁的记忆单词书上所有的单词。
２、背的单词越多，英语学得越好
通过背单词书所积累的实际上都是阅读词汇，作用仅限于帮助你“认识”更多的词，并不能提高“理解”句子或文章的能力，对用英语“输出”句子或文章能力的提高更是可以忽略不计。因此，背单词对于真正提高英语考研成绩的作用是十分有限的，只有特定的人群才需要通过单词书背单词。对于大部分人来说，答错题的原因是没有上文中提到的各项能力（尤其是理解句意和组织语言），而非不认识单词。
TIPS：我的单词记忆法。
（1）通过真题选一本简单的单词书
“简单”不是指词汇简单，而是对词汇的解释简单明了，最好是左边单词，右边不超过3个中文释义。千万不要选那种对一个单词作大段解释，后面又有中英文对照解释、词语搭配、词根分析，甚至还有一系列近义词、反义词、同词根词汇的单词书。
（2）划掉已知词汇，只关注生词
背单词前用手遮住右边的中文释义，看着英文能反应出其中文意思的词汇就列入“熟词”范围，果断划掉这种“熟词”，把精力集中在剩下的生词上。
阅读、翻译、作文的真题训练法
阅读
考研英语阅读特色鲜明：文章篇幅短、难度适中，但是题目难、混淆项多。即便是英语基础很好的人，也不一定能在考研阅读上拿高分。我悟透这个道理之后，更把提高阅读理解正确率的关键放在了真题上。我每次都会仔细地花上不少于做题的时间来“消化”真题，结合答案解析分析错题以及拿不准的“疑题”，阅读理解的出错原因一般有两种：读不懂文章，读懂了文章却做不对题目。读不懂文章的原因一般是长难句，因此，我在“消化”的时候着重注意答案解析中对文章长难句的解析，这样，不仅提高了我理解文章的能力，也有助于我学习长难句的句式，并运用在写作中。如果我读懂了文章却做不对题目，我就借助答案解析，修正自己与出题人思路不符的逻辑，在一次次的教训中逐渐揣摩出题人的思路。
翻译
1、要“信”“达”，无需“雅”
起初我对翻译诚惶诚恐，因为正统的翻译理论讲求“信、达、雅”。但是很快我便从真题的分布中觅得了玄机。翻译部分是和阅读、新题型一起构成了第二大部分，而且翻译的是一篇文章中的几个句子。这意味着，考研英语对翻译的考查还是侧重于考查我们的阅读能力。此外，再综合考研真题的标准答案来看，翻译达到“信”和“达”即准确和通顺就足够了。
2、主谓宾和复杂短语是拿分点
在“信”的方面，我在练习中始终以真题为参照，仔细分析真题的标准答案。标准答案的评分标准非常细，都是按照关键点得分，１道２分的翻译一般是４个关键点，一个关键点0.5分。通过总结真题发现，句子中的主谓宾和稍微复杂的短语是关键词的“高发地段”，这些地方一定要清晰地翻译出来，万万不可含混。
3、翻译要让中国人看得舒服
在基本达到“信”的要求后，我发现我并不能达到“达”，明明每个词的意思都知道，但是合起来和答案还是相差甚远。为此，困惑了很久。最后反复分析真题答案才得以解惑，汉语和英语的表达习惯存在着巨大的差异，比如汉语喜欢把长长的定语放在前面，而英语一般把主语放在前面。把英语翻译成汉语，自然要转换这种表达，让中国人能看着舒服，即所谓“说人话”。在后面的练习中我时刻谨记“说人话”——把句子的意思放在脑袋里，然后想想，如果我要跟一个中国人沟通这个意思，我会怎么组织语言？
作文
１、从范文找标杆
想写出好文章，就得先确立目标，树立标杆，明确什么样的文章才是好文章，而这个标杆就是真题范文。分析真题的范文，会发现高分范文有一些共同的特点：
（１）三段式永远不会过时。
（２）观点不一定十分新颖，但都很清晰、有理有据。
（３）如果题目中提供了两个观点，高分作文一定是选择其一，并在文章一开始就表明自己的立场，而不是“两个观点都有道理”“各打五十大板”。
（４）连词不少，尤其是在段首和转折、强调、分点说明时。
（５）没有通篇用长句，都是长短句相结合，有节奏感。
（６）用词重复率很低，前后用不同的单词表达同一个意思。
２、要“输出”，先“输入”
写作是英语能力的“输出”过程，要“输出”，先得有“输入”的积累。我刚开始看到作文题总是脑子一片空白，不知道从何下手，于是我就抓住一份真题的作文，从学习它的范文开始，
依葫芦画瓢，把别人写的好的句子、短语，甚至开头结尾的方式、承上启下的句子、连词都标注下来，然后熟读、默写，再把范文合起来，自己完整地写一篇，不求和范文完全相同，也不怕和范文雷同。多积累几篇后，肚子里有点“货”了，以后再写别的题目也慢慢能找到感觉，写出自己的东西了。
３、背单词不如背短语、句子如果把写作当成盖房子，那么单词就是砖瓦。我认为砖瓦不求多（词汇量大），也不求奇形怪状（知道很多“高级”的.生僻词汇），只要够用就行，更重要的是要知道如何把这些砖拼成结实而漂亮的形状，而好的短语和句型就是已经拼好的、实用且形状漂亮的砖。
虽然很多作文辅导书上有分类整理的好句子，但更唾手可得的资源是真题的阅读文章和真题范文，我在学习真题的时候从这两个来源中积累了不少值得学习的好句子，并把它们记在一个小笔记本，随身携带，没事儿就翻出来读一读。虽然我记的句子并不多，但是都很实用。
连词就像文章的润滑剂，得体地使用连词可以让文章的水平大上一个台阶。而我和很多中国学生一样，刚开始写英文作文的时候除了firstly、secondly、lastly之外，对表示转折、递进等关系的连词（如however、despite、moreover等）并没有什么使用的意识。好在真题高分范文中出现连词的数量有限，在意识到这个问题之后我在性价这么高的连词上没少下功夫。
真题文章可背诵
真题中的阅读理解是非常好的英语学习资料。我做完真题后，会对阅读理解的文章作精读，也就是仔细查出文中生词、不太熟悉的短语句型，以及一些比较好用的短语句型，并作笔记。一方面可以提高英语能力，另一方面也可以下意识地积累写作用语。
当然，不是每一篇阅读理解都值得下大工夫，也并不是只有阅读理解需要精读，有些完型填空和新题型也可以稍微关注。我一般只选择可供学习的语言较多、结构清晰、比较贴合议论文文体的文章下工夫。
挑选出好文章后，我一有空就找个没人的地方，把文章或者笔记反复朗读，这是最简单的吸收方法，还可以给紧张的复习减压。通过读出声，可以刺激听觉，人们通常对听到的东西是比较容易记住的。所以这样反复多次之后，虽然没有刻意记忆，但这类“重点关注”的文章我甚至熟悉得都能背下来，这对于写作的提高甚至大于对阅读理解本身的提高。
扔掉非真题的资料
我也试着做过几本市面上最流行的考研英语阅读理解练习，虽然文章选取的质量还可以，但是难度各异，和真题都有差距，更严重的问题出在标准答案上。因为参考书的作者并不是考研命题人，参考书的题目和真题的出题方向、答题逻辑都有一定出入，这些练习的答案往往并不能做到十分严谨，如果你不幸还是个认真的孩子，把这些练习的答案也认真分析了，很可能反而混乱了答题思路。市面上的阅读理解书动辄几百篇阅读，几千道题，全部做完一遍就要花费不少时间，所以很多人花费了大量时间做阅读理解参考书，提高的也多是“读懂文章”的能力，而对提高“做对题”能力的帮助十分有限。
只通过做题来复习英语显得太过功利和应试了，所以也有不少同学参加的考研英语辅导班老师推荐大家背《新概念》来提高英语基础。我认为这个广为流传的方法对提高英语水平固然是有帮助的，但考虑到考研复习时间十分有限，这个方法的投入产出比实在值得怀疑。我认为，想要提高英语基础，与其花那么多时间去学习语言风格稍显老旧且对考研毫无针对性的《新概念》，远不如学习真题来的有效。
有效利用真题的IN&OUT
OUT：随便拿真题来做练习，不一次做完一套完整的题，很多时候也不计时。
IN：做真题严格控制做题时间。尽量把自己做真题的时间放在下午2点到5点，和考研
时间保持一致。手机调成飞行模式或静音，杜绝一切干扰，最大化地模拟考试情景。只有用高度重视的态度做题，才能真正从中发现自己的问题并做相应改善。
OUT：真题只做一遍。
IN：每套真题至少做过三遍。我做题时从来不在真题上直接写答案，而是写在一张单独的白纸上，以便以后反复做这套题。很多人对此表示不解：同一套题为什么要做很多遍？其实只要做个小试验就知道了，即便是做过一次的真题，一个月后，甚至只需一两周后，拿出来重新做一遍，你依旧不能拿满分（不考虑写作部分）。只要还有出错的地方，就说明你还没有完全学透这套试题，没有完全理解考点，也没有完全掌握出题人的思路。因此，再次学习这张卷子就十分有必要。
这种方法看着很奇怪，但其实是摸透出题人思路的最好捷径，经过我的实践检验，也十分有效果。以阅读理解为例，我第一次做真题的时候正确率仅为60%，但通过对真题的反复操练，到复习后期以及最后考研的时候我的阅读正确率都保持在90%左右。
OUT：重复做真题时，凭记忆写上答案。
IN：我重复做真题的时候，正确答案有时自然会冒出来，但不会直接写下来答案，因为这完全丧失了意义。我每次做题就像第一次做题一样，经历完整的思考过程，有理有据地得到正确答案。此外，我还通过提高每一遍做题之间的间隔时间来避免这种情况的发生。
OUT：每一遍做题都一样。
IN：每一次做题都要更加熟练和完美。我重复做真题的时候都要掐时间，并且要争取第二次比第一次用时少一倍，而第三次又比第二次用时少三分之一。坚持这样练习后，我在考场上拿到真题，做题速度也很快。当然，这样做的前提是坚持做好上一条，不然就完全是本末倒置了。
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
2020年考研英语一阅读解析 2020年考研英语一阅读解析 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解文中的概念性含义； 4)实行相关的判断、推理和引申； 5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； 6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系； 7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 8)区分论点和论据。 万变不离其宗，在此再次提醒考生如何有重点地实行下一步复习：真题再现，反复精练，摸清思路，再次提升 真题是最应该重视的，近十年的考研英语阅读真题对于备考来说 是非常有价值的，出题形式稳定，掌握出题规律，也是最真的模拟。 各位考生在私下备考时，应侧重从宏观上掌握此题命题走向，微观了 解此题细分题型及应对技巧。其中，考研英语的阅读在整张试卷中所 占的比重，除40分值的传统阅读理解题型，还有10分的新题型，即 七选五、补全段落之类题目，使得考生又对其不得不更加重视。同时，翻译和完形填空题型的解答与阅读水平的高低也有着直接的联系，读 懂是首要，才能更好地实行下一步，翻译或完成句子。所以，提升阅 读水平，在考研英语中绝对不容忽视。 同时，在专项练习中，根据自己实际情况，强项稳住，弱项增强 练习，对于真题中涉及到的每一篇文章，每一道题目，每一个选项， 都要从精读的角度，真正理解和掌握文章的词、句，将答案中的关键
点与文章中、题干中的关键词结合起来，仔细分析，找出其中的联系，学会定位原文，这就是熟悉作者的出题思路和掌握自己的做题思路。 错不怕，重分析，做总结，心态调整好 做题的过程中，难免有些同学偶尔发现自己的错题过多，不要焦 躁与灰心，错题分析的过程中就是总结提升的过程。只要发现问题实 行总结，相信到最后好的结果一定等着我们。考题的难度就是历年真 题的难度，但是只要反复练习，整理思路，持续提升，在自己的水平 范围内拿到更高的分数，就是成功。
历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一
2018考研英语阅读解题思路：细节题 理解文章的具体信息和概念含义是大纲对阅读的明确要求。细节题目的考查在每年的考研英语真题当中都会占到一半以上，考生必须给予足够重视，牢牢掌握细节题的解题方法和思路。我们以2009年的真题为例： The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. 31. The author holds that the importance of education in poor countries______. [A] is subject to groundless doubts [B] has fallen victim of bias [C] is conventional downgraded [D] has been overestimated 解析：首先依据题干关键词the importance of education in poor countries定位到第一句The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood，但是仔细研读后发现贫穷国家中正规教育与经济发展之间的关系为经济学家及政治家们普遍误解。，该句只是在说正式教育和经济发展之间的关系，并不是题干所要找的教育的重要性。继续定位到第三句however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.那种认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的重要因素之一的传统观点是错误的。句中涉及了和教育的重要性相关的信息，锁定为答案出处。作者说这种传统的观点时错误的，可以理解为作者认为贫困国家不应该把教育看的如此重要，即，现在的贫困国家太过于注重教育了，所以答案选[D] has been overestimated教育被高估了。[C] is conventional downgraded被降级轻视，和原文事实相反。A和B选项所说的怀疑和偏见态度在原文中找不到依据，可排除。
常用翻译技巧总结 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 二、 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work. (1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is beco mi ng less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering
2019考研英语阅读理解常见题型总结 来源：智阅网 考研英语阅读理解虽然难度不小，但是还是有规律可循。掌握好了规律，可以有效提高我们的复习效率和复习成绩。所以，就来说说阅读理解的常见题型有哪些。 1.主旨大意题。 这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下： A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。 B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。 C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。 D.如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。 2.事实细节题。 此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过
为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下： A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。 B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。 3.词汇短语题。 其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。 4.推断性问题。 此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。 5.语气态度题。 对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。 我们还可以做做何老师的2019《考研英语阅读思路解析》，有助于我们更好地理解阅读理解这个题型，并且还能培养好应试心理。
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析 (1)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (2) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some recreation
1994 Passage 5 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph? [A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. [B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. [C] A person who has had no education. [D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. 68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators? [A] The variety of ideas they have. [B] The intelligence they possess. [C] The way they deal with problems. [D] The way they present their findings. 69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________. [A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity [B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things [C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view [D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一 考研英语翻译及答案 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：(本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分) 1. 水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。 2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。 3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。 4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。 5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。 6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。 7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。 翻译： Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points) 1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils. 2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march
onward, march forward) withgreater strides in 1980’s. 3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made). 4. The result is much (far) better than we expected. 5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy). 6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology. 7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party. Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：(本大题30分)(文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段) (1) The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists. First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts