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选修八
Unit 1 A land of diversity
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1.majority n.大多数；大半major adj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻
(反义词minority少数；少数民族)
[典例]
1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
[重点用法]
be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). English speakers form the ________ (大多数) of the population.
2). Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _______
(介词) the majority.
3). They had a large majority _______ (介词) the other party at the last election.
4). The majority of people _________ (prefer) peace to war.
5). The majority of the damage _________ (be) easy to repair.
Keys: 1). majority 2). in 3). over 4). prefer / prefers 5). is
2. applicant n.申请人application n.申请(书)；应用；用途apply v. 申请；运用，适用
[典例]
1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。
2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请
这份工作。
[重点用法]
apply for... 申请……apply to... 适用……
fill in the application form for sth. 填写……申请表
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Successful _________ (apply) will receive notification within the week.
2). This r ule can’ t be applied ________ (介词) every case.
3). You should ________ ________(申请) the job immediately, in person or by letter.
4). The question in the second half of the form _________ ________ (适用) married men only. Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在
[典例]
1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。
2). Didn’ t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?
[重点用法]
occur to... (主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到……
[练习] 根据句子的意思填空或翻译。
1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even ________ ________ her.
2). A good idea _______ _______ him.
3). ___________________________________ (他从没想到) he might be falling in love with her. Keys: 1). occurred to 2). occurred to 3). It had never occurred to him that
4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的[典例]
1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他
指指对面的商店。
2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感
到比女人更容易戒烟。
[重点用法]
indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示indicate that/wh-表示……；示意……
[练习] 根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The government has ________ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.
2). A flashing red light ________ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.
3). There is every ________ (indicate) of a change in the weather.
Keys: 1). indicated 2). indicated 3). indication
5. slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑倒；小过失；失误slippery adj.滑溜的
[典例]
1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。
2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。[重点用法]
let slip... 错过……；无意中说出let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)
a slip of the tongue 口误
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). She ________ ________ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the company.
2). As the years _________ by, I thought more and more about him.
3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and ________ (slip).
Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery
6. insert vt.插入，嵌入
[典例]
He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。
[重点用法]
insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). She inserted an additional paragraph ________ an essay.
2). Insert your fingers ________ the layers and press them apart.
Keys: 1). in 2). between
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. live on 继续生活或存在
[典例]
She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。
[短语归纳] live短语：
live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准
live with sth 接受或容忍某现象live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁
live a... life 过着……的生活
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。
1). The lonely old man _______ _______ charity.
2). Mozart is dead but his music _______ _______.
3). My grandfather _______ _______ both world wars.
4). We should work hard and try to _______ _______ _______ our parents’ expectations.
5). The brave girl is learning to _______ _______ her disability.
Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with
2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
[典例]
They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。
[短语归纳] life短语：
bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活lay down one’ s life (for sb/sth) 为……献身；牺牲生命
lead a dog’ s life 过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one’ s way in life 在生活中有所成就
take one’ s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀put an end to one’ s life: kill oneself 自杀
take sb’ s life: kill sb 取某人性命a/sb’ s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式
a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层to the life 逼真
end one’ s days/life (i n sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). He laid down his life _______ the cause of freedom.
2). They interview people from _______ _______ _______ _______ (各行各业的人).
3). She adapted easily to the French _______ _______ _______ (生活方式).
Keys: 1). for 2). all walks of life 3). way of life
3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
[典例]
1). You’ re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去!
2). I do hope we’ re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。
[短语归纳] keep短语：
keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物
keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离keep sth. back 阻止某事物
keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某人
keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人/物进入（某处）
keep in touch with保持与某人的联系keep fit 保持健康
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _______ (副词).
2). She likes to keep up _______ (介词) the latest fashions.
3). The house is becoming too expensive for them to ________ ________ (维修).
4). We should try to ________ ________(沿袭) our old customs.
5). Police warned bystanders to ________ ________(不靠近) the blazing building.
6). I think we ought to ________ ________ ________ ________ (不把实情告诉他) until he’ s better.
Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him
4.team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作
[典例]
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
He _______ _______ _______ (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles.
Keys: teamed up with
5. mark out 划线标出……界线
[典例]
Please mark out the sentences that you don’ t understand with a red pe n. 请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。
[重点用法]
be marked with... 标记着……
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). I’ ve lost a case _______ _______ (标记着) ―IX‖ on its back.
2). She carefully _______ _______ (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns. Keys: 1). marked with 2). marked out
6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
[典例]
1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生发现你的课很好懂。
2). He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让
他留宿。
[短语归纳] take 短语：
take apart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) take down拿下，取下；拆卸；
记下
take back取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔日take care of 照料，保管
take up开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take medicine服药
take it easy别紧张，慢慢来take over继承，接收，接管
take off脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on承担，从事；呈现
take one’ s place入座；代替某人的位置take one’ s time不急，慢慢干[练习] 用与take相关的短语填空。
1). Don’ t be _______ _______ by his promises.
2). Who do you think will ________ ________ now that the governor has been dismissed?
3). These boxes of yours are ________ ________ too much space.
4). 1 was really _______ _______ when seeing old photos.
5). Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _______ _______ _______.The opera is soon to begin.
6). Tom carefully ________ ________what the teacher said
Keys: 1). taken in 2). take over 3). taking up 4). taken back
5). take your place 6). took down
7. a great/good many 相当多，很多
[典例]
It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。
1). I’ ve known her for _______ _______ _______ (很多) years.
2). I imagine if one day I had _______ _______ _______ _______ (很多) money, I would go
traveling round the world.
Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of
Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。
[解释] 形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 黄河是中国第二长河。
____________________________________________________________________________ ________
2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。
____________________________________________________________________________ ________
Keys: 1). The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
2). Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。
[解释] what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that 取代的，应该用what。
注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what 必须起句子成分的作用。
注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的宾语)
That our team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用) There are many boo ks available. I don’ t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)
What book do you want to buy ? (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
[练习] 根据句子的意思填词。
1). This is ________ he wanted.
2). This is the thing ________ he wanted.
3). She is no longer ________ she used to be.
4). She is no longer the person ________ she used to be.
Keys: 1). what 2). that 3). what 4). that
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
California is the _____1_____(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _____2______ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in ______3____ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _____4_______ in California than in any other state. California _____5________(统治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish ______6_____（影响）in the state. People began _____7______（settle）in California when gold _____8_______(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _____9______（国籍）will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a ____10______（mix）of many culture
答案： 1.third 2.attracted 3.what 4.living 5.was ruled 6.influence 7.settling 8.was discovered 9. nationalities 10. mixture
Ⅱ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。
The whole passage introduced __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ __________
答案：The whole passage introduced the native Americans, the Spanish, Russians, gold miners, later arrivals and future immigrants and explain why California is a multi-ethnic, and multi-cultural place.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清楚。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：状语从句+ what从句，+ 主句
【模仿1】当我们把它和我们称之为―大哥大‖相比，我们发现新的移动电话携带轻便，小巧，价格便宜。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：When we compared it to what we called ―Da Ge Da‖, we found new mobile phones are
light and small to carry with a low price.
【模仿2】当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：When we arrived at what people call Bird Paradise, we were excited to find thousands of kinds of birds are settling there.
2．【原句】Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句
【模仿1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动了整个中国。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Although his young sister has no blood relationship with him, it is Hong Zhan Hui himself that insists on carrying her on his back to college, which moves the whole China.
【模仿2】虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Although my daily life is extremely monotonous, it is my hard work that makes me adapt myself to the new life on campus.
3. 【原句】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：It is +V-ed +that从句；so…that…
【模仿1】据报道2008奥运福娃的英文名已经从Friendlies 改为Fuwa , 它易发音，易记忆，很受人们的欢迎。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It is reported that the English name of the five mascots of the 2008 Olympics has changed from ―Friendlies‖ to ―Fuwa‖, which is so easy to pronounce and remember that it is popular with all the people.
【模仿2】人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so important that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books.
单元自测（模块）
基础测试：
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. After the arrival of the Europeans, the native people were forced into s .
2. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i are rather strict for the foreigners.
3. Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m were against it.
4. Obama was e as the forty four president of the United States.
5. The rural r has achieved good results, and there has been a noticeable change in the countryside.
6. My uncle h two people to help him in harvest last autumn.
7. I was in half the way when it suddenly (想到) to me that I had left my notebook home.
8. (显然地)，he was mistaken about by the others.
9. It is believed that before long the mix of (国籍) will be very large.
10. I was one of the （申请人）for the job.
Ⅱ. 用方框内所给的短语的适当形式填空
take off/take up/take in/take on
1. The city has been developing very fast and it has a new look.
2. The old man the story at this point.
3. Don’t be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
4. The plane for Beijing at four o’clock.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 我突然想起今晚我该拜访汤姆。
It me suddenly that I should call on Tom tonight.
2. 我会尽全力帮助你。
I will help you .
3. 他以80票的优势赢得了该席位。
He won the seat with 80 votes.
4. 我读书的时候，常在书上把我认为重要的地方标记出来。
In doing my reading, I often what I regard as important in a book.
5. 现在大部分教科书都配有插图。
School-books now have pictures.
Ⅳ.单项填空
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far?
— .
A. It couldn’t be better
B. Of course you can
C. If you like
D. It’s up to you
2. You fool! How can you let such a chance through your fingers.
A. ski
B. spread
C. slip
D. glide
3. People have views on the policy published recently, because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey(调查).
A. excited
B. surprised
C. frightened
D. mixed
4. Every possible means to help the poor people in Africa.
A. have tried
B. have been tried
C. has tried
D. has been tried
5. He can hardly his wife’s bad-temper，so he decided to seek divorce with her.
A. teamed up with
B. caught up with
C. put up with
D. kept up with
6. Peter is no longer a lazy boy he used to be.
A. what
B. whom
C. when
D. how
7. Human beings are different from animals they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
8. The window in my room shut. So I have to get it repaired.
A. doesn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. won’t
D. couldn’t
9. —Shirley, can I have a look at your photos?
—.Here you are.
A. By any means
B. By no means
C. By this means
D. By all means
10. is no possibility he can finish the task within two days.
A. There; that
B. It ; that
C. There; whether
D. It; whether
参考答案
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. slavery
2. immigration
3. majority
4. elected
5. reform
6. hired
7. occurred 8. Apparently
9. nationalities 10. applicants
Ⅱ. 辨析填空
1. taken on
2. took up
3. taken in
4. takes off
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. occurs to
2. by every means
3. a majority of
4. mark out
5. A large percentage of
Ⅳ.单项填空
1. 解析：选A。It couldn t be better意为“再好不过了”，是对别人邀请的回答；Of course you can表达生硬，不符合交际用语习惯;If you like是对别人请求的回答;It s up to you 意为“随便”。根据句意，选A。
2. 解析：选C。句意为：你真愚蠢！你怎么能让这么个机会从你指间溜走呢？ski 滑雪；spread 延伸；slip滑过；溜走；glide滑行。根据句意可知，选C。
3. 解析：选D。mixed views意为“各种各样的观点”，从后面的because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey我们可以得出答案。
4. 解析：选D。means是单复数形式相同的名词，从空前的every可知，means在这里表示单数，同时它与try之间呈被动关系，因此用被动语态。
5. 解析：选C。考查短语辨析。team up with与……合作;catch up with赶上;put up with 忍受; keep up with跟得上。根据句意可知，选C。
6. 解析：选B。what引导的是名词性从句，而这里需要的是boy后的定语从句，因此用whom。
7. 解析：选A。in that为固定短语，相当于because，意为“因为”。而其他选项引导的是定语从句且句意也不符合。
8. 解析：选C。will在这里是情态动词，意为“肯；能”，表达事物的特征。
9. 解析：选D。从空后的Here you are可知，说话人同意给别人看她的照片。by all means 意为“行；可以”。
10. 解析：选A。there is no possibility that ...为固定句型，意为“没有可能……”
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳
The mobile phone has created a new way of life. It gives us the opportunity to 1 people when and where we like. But when mobile phones become as commonplace as wristwatches, it seems they are creating 2 situations.
People let their phones ring in restaurants, theatres or business meetings. People 3 discuss very personal issues over their phones while strangers are around them. People spend all their time in the 4 of friends paying more attention to those at the other end of their mobile phones. By now, everyone knows that mobile phone etiquette is a 5 problem.
These are tips for being a good 6 citizen. Firstly, remember to 7 your phone is off at activities. Secondly, 8 the people around you when you make or take calls in public. Thirdly, don't answer your cell phone while talking with another person unless that phone is more 9 than the person you are with. Follow these rules and you'll be a 10 mobile phones user by being considerate to others.
1. A. approach B. reach C. arrive D. extend
2. A. embarrassing B. strange C. extraordinary D. complex
3. A. further B. loudly C. openly D. briefly
4. A. presence B. existence C. absence D. appearance
5. A. basic B. technical C. real D. behavioral
6. A. mobile B. telephone C. medium D. average
7. A. check B. control C. stop D. test
8. A. appreciate B. respect C. observe D. watch
9. A. valuable B. excellent C. important D. worth
10. A. large B. responsible C. regular D. current
答案：
1．B．手机让我们在任何时候，任何地点，只要愿意郎能找到你要找的人。
2．A. 然而手机也会让人处境尴尬。
3．B．很大声地用手机谈论个人问题。
4．A. 当着朋友们的面。
5．C. 手机礼节真是一个问题了。
6．A. 作为一个讲礼貌的手机使用者。
7．A. 检查你的手机是否已经关机。
8．B．公共场所打电话、接电话时尊重你周围的人。
9．C. 除非你要接的电话比你身旁的人更
10．B．是一个负责的手机使用者。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
1—10的相应位置上。
1 (name) Tom. His hobby is reading. When he comes home from school, he always goes to his room and just reads books. He
2 plays outdoors.
One day, Mrs. White said to her husband," 3 is not good for Tom's health to live in the city all the time." They found a small house in the country. They took him there 4 a vacation. They left home at 8 5 got there at 11 in the morning. 6 they reached the house, his mother said," 7 clean the air isl "she said to Tom, " We are going to stay here for a week." Tom ran into the house. A few minutes 8 , he ran back to his mother and said, "I can't find 9 desk." His mother answered, "We came here 10 (spend) our vacation in the country. You must play outdoors and not read books here. Enjoy your vacation! "Tom cried, "Oh, how terrible!"
答案：
1．named 过去分词短语作定语，a son named Tom 意为―一位名叫汤姆的儿子‖。2．never／hardly 完全否定，意为―从来不‖。
3．It 考查It is十adj．十to do sth．的句型结构，It作形式主语。
4．for 此处表目的，for a vacation表度假。
5．and 表并列关系，连接left home 和got there两个动词短语。
6．When 考查由When引导的时间状语从句：
7．How How 引导的感叹句。
8．later a few minutes later意为―一会儿后‖。
9．a 不定冠词，泛指一张桌子。
0．to spend 动词不定式短语作目的状语。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean (地下的) and aboveground herbivorous (食草的) insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already "occupied".
Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it
possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a mechanism (机制) has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the "green telephone lines", subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生蜂) lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs.
The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers.
1. How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other?
A. By sending signals through the leaves.
B. By giving off particular smells.
C. By making soft and beautiful sounds.
D. By the signals sent by parasitic wasps.
2. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. compete for the same plant
C. choose to leave the plant
D. fight with the root-eating insects
3. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants ________.
A. are often visited by parasitic wasps
B. are not occupied by mot-eating insects
C. have more green leaves
D. have more subterranean insects
4. What does the underlined part "a third party' in Paragraph 4 include?
A. Aboveground insects.
B. Root-eating insects.
C. Caterpillars.
D. Parasitic wasps.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Communication between different insects
B. How do animals avoid competition?
C. Insects use plants as telephones
D. When plants have subterranean residents
答案：
荷兰科学家研究发现：地下昆虫可以通过植物的叶子释放化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告，从而避免对同一植物的竞争。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals
through the leaves of the plant可知，地下昆虫能通过植物的叶子发出一种化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告。故选A。
2. C 细节推理题。第二段第一句Aboveground, leaf-eating insects ．．．root-eating insects
提到，地上的昆虫更喜欢没有被地下昆虫占领的植物。联系本段最后一句This messaging makes ．．．for the same plant可知，当地上昆虫发现植物已经被地下昆
虫占领时，它们通常会选择离开。
3. B 细节推断题。根据第三段第一句In recent years it ．．．and vice versa可推知，如果
植物没有被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫就会繁殖得快些。本句的意思是：近些
年来的研究发现：如果地上昆虫赖以生存的植物被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫
的繁殖速度就会减慢，反之亦然。
4. D 词义推断题。第四段第一句的namely the natural enemy of caterpillars意为：也就是
毛虫的天敌。a third party这里包含寄生蜂。
5. C 标题归纳题。C项标题形象地表现出了昆虫间交流的独特方式，其根据在第一段第
一句... insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones。
4写作训练
请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。
世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。
另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。
(写作要求)
1．标题；Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
2．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。
3．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
答案:
Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.
Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.
Unit 2 Cloning
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. differ vi. 不同；相异difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的
[典例]
1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们
的没有起车库。
2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各
持己见。
[重点用法]
A differs from
B in... A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B 就……意见相左
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The two squares differ _______ (介词) color but not _______ (介词) size.
2). The husband differs _______ (介词) the wife _______ (介词) who is to take charge of the
money.
3). It doesn’ t make a ________ (differ) to me whether you are going to stay.
4). This is a different car ________ (介词) the one I drove yesterday.
Keys: 1). in; in 2). with; on/about/over 3). difference 4). from
2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do) [典例]
1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。
2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 他答应在周五之前完成那份工作。________________________________________
2). 她负责整个项目的组织工作。___________________________________________ Keys: 1). He undertook to finish the work before Friday.
2). She undertook the organization work of the whole project.
3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍
[典例]
1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。
2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。
[重点用法]
forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 飞机上禁止吸烟。
____________________________________________________________________________ _____
2). 他爸爸不准他和她交谈。
____________________________________________________________________________ _____
3). 要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。
____________________________________________________________________________ _____
Keys: 1). Smoking is forbidden on the plane.
2). His father forbade him to talk to her.
3). It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.
4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积accumulation n [u,c] 积累
[典例]
1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很
快就越积越多。
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。
1). A thick layer of dust _______ (accumulate) in the room, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning.
2). Despite this _______ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. Keys: 1). had accumulated 2). accumulation
5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩
[典例]
1). He owes his father ￡50. = He owes ￡50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。
2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。
[重点用法]
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债owe sth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries?
2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability.
3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children.
Keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to
6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝
[典例]
1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。
2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。
[重点用法]
retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或翻译。
1). He _______ (retire) next year after 30 years with the company.
2). She was forced to _______ _______ _______ (提前退出)teaching because of ill health.
3). He is a _______ (retire) airline pilot.
Keys: 1). is retiring 2). retire early from 3). retired
7. bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰
[典例]
1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。
2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点? [重点用法]
bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心bother to do / doing费神做……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The problem has been ________ (bother) me for weeks.
2). 一Shall I help you with the cases?
—Don’ t ________. I can manage.
3). Don’t bother _______ (介词) us; we will soon join you.
Keys: 1). bothering 2). bother 3). about
绝密★启用前试卷类型：A 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 英语 本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在 答题卡上。用2B铅笔讲试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上学科网对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置 上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试题与答题卡一并交回。 I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually zxxkwhen parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what
1-5：ACABB 6-10：BACCB 11-15：CCABA 16.Cyril/CYRIL 17.Street/St. 18.74829356 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c2773141.html,rge 20.cash 二、单项选择 21.D.考察非谓语动词，to do作后置定语，表示改变生命的机会，类似于“a room to live in”。 22.A.考察连词。选“or”，意思是“在关掉所有程序前不要关电脑，否则会有问题。” 23.C.考察时态。“over the past years”是现在完成时的标志。 24.B.考察谓语动词，find与主语是主动关系，故用finding. 25.B.考察时态。对将来情况的一种推测，用将来时。 26.C.考察固定搭配。与某人有约：have an appointmentwi th sb. 27.D.考察定语从句。先行词是national parks，关系词用where. 28.B.考察时态。现在进行时，意思是“快点，Mark和Carl正等着我们呢”。 29.D.考察非谓语动词。blocked作宾语补足语，block是堵塞的意思，与road是被动关系，故用blocked. 30.A.考察连词。分别为：万一，即使，自从，要是…就好了。根据句意选择“万一”。 31.B.考察名词性从句。主语从句缺一个主语，用what。 32.C.考察时态。回答流程是什么，用一般现在时表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）。D选项为现在进行时，不恰当。 33.C.考察名词性从句。宾语从句不缺成分，用that。 34.D.考察虚拟语气。条件句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。 35.A.考察情态动词。“might”表示可能发生的一种情况。 点评：时态题略有难度。 三、完形填空 36.C.动词辨析。结合语义应为“每天训练4个小时。” 37.A.考察连词。意思分别是：因为，除非，在…之后，虽然。在这里用since 表原因。 38.A.动词辨析。意思分别是：辨别；猜测；承担、假设；预测。根据上下文应选A。 39.D.动词辨析。意思分别是：怀疑，记得，想象，注意到。根据上下文应选D。当她小的时候，她妈妈注意到虽然她看不清楚但是她不害怕。 40.B.形容词性副词。意思分别是：深入的，好的，清楚地，提前的，靠近的、密切的。see well，看的清楚。 41.B.名词辨析。她立刻爱上了这项运动，健美操成为她最喜欢的运动。 42.C.形容词辨析。用排除法，前面说了她喜欢这项运动，所以不会是“boring，乏味”，也不会是“unsatisfactory，不满意”，句首的“though”表示不能填正评价的词，故选different，表示相比于她的队友，这项运动对她
东城区2012—2013学年度第二学期高三统一练习（二） 英语试卷 2013.5 本试卷共15页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to read? A．A newspaper. B．A magazine. C．A book. 答案是A。 1. Which club may the man join? A. The Cinema Club. B. The Music Club. C. The Tennis Club. 2. What is the woman going to do? Give the man a ride. B. Drive home. C. Buy some food. 3. Whose is the white car now? A. The man’s. B. The man’s brother’s. C. The man’s father’s. 4. What did the woman do in the morning? A. She fixed the heater. B. She came to the hotel. C. She called the front desk. 5. What is the woman doing？ A. Offering help. B. Expressing wishes. C. Making a plan. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What is the man doing? A. He is booking air tickets. B. He is leaving for the airport. C. He is checking the timetable. 7. When will the man probably arrive at the airport? A. At 10:30. B. Before 10:00. C. After 10:15.
绝密★启用前试卷类型：A 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 英语 本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔讲试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试题与答题卡一并交回。 I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选 出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too.For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one,the bird will not 3 .However,if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three. Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense.
绝密★启用前试卷类型：B 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (广东卷) 英语 本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在 答题卡上。用2B铅笔讲试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置 上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试题与答题卡一并交回。 I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
2013 年北京高考英语试题 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30 分） 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，共7.5 分） 听下面5 段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 例：What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是A 1. What room does the man want? A. Sinple B. Double C. Twin 2. What will the man buy? A. Vegetables B. Meat C. Bread 3. What does the man plan to do? A. Go fishing B. Go jogging C. Go camping 4. How much is the change? A. $8 B. $ 42 C. $50 5. What’s the weather like this afternoon? 第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分） 听下面4 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6 段材料，回答第6 至7 题。 6. When will the woman go to see the movie? A. Friday. B. Saturday C. Sunday 7. Where will the woman sit for the movie? A. In the front. B. In the middle C. At the back 听第7 段材料，回答第8 至9 题。 8. When will the two speakers meet? A. On the 13th B. On the 14th C. On the 15th 9. What is the man doing? A. Persuading the woman to accept his suggestion. B. Making an apology to the woman. C. Inviting the woman to lunch. 听第8 段材料，回答第10 至12 题。 10. Where are the two speakers? A. In the library. B. In the café. C. In the classroom
2013 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(北京卷) 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题1.5 分，共7.5 分）听下面5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是A 1. What room does the man want? A. Simple B. Double C. Twin 2. What will the man buy? A. Vegetable B. Meat C. Bread 3. What does the man plan to do? A. Go fishing B. Go jogging C. Go camping 4. How much is the change? A. $8 B. $ 42 C. $50 5. What’s the weather like this afternoon? 第二节（共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共15 分） 听下面4 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独 白你将听两遍。 听第6 段材料，回答第6 至7 题。 6. When will the woman go to see the movie? A. Friday. B. Saturday C. Sunday 7. Where will the woman sit for the movie? A. In the front. B. In the middle C. At the back 听第7 段材料，回答第8 至9 题。 8. When will the two speakers meet? A. On the 13th B. On the 14th C. On the 15th
完形填空精选4 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant(移植)her life was in constant 1 . Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very small: finding a donor heart that 2 Maria’s blood type could take years. However, Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept 3 hospitals all over the country. Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble 4 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a 5 of the hospital, crying. “Are you okay?” a man asked. Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her story. This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t 6 it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to 7 something from herself. Could her 8 go to Carmen’s m other? After reviewing the data, doctors 9 Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect fit for Carmen’s mother. They were able to 10 the transplant. That cold night, when Cheryl was 11 dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was 12 for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange bond as they hugged and cried. On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s 13 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.” One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria 14 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was 15 in another loving mother’s chest.
徐老师 2014年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共12页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力理解（共三节，30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。 例:What is the man going to read? A.A newspaper. B.A magazine. C.A book. 答案是A。 1.What juice does the man order? A.Lemon. B.Apple. C.Orange. 2.What subject does the man like best? A.History. B.Biology. C.Chemistry. 3.Where is the woman from? A.Britain. B.Russia. C.America. 4.What kind of student bus pass does the woman want? A.Weekly. B.Monthly. C.Yearly. 5.What are the two speakers going to buy for Mary’s birthday? A.A bicycle. B.A pen. C.A book. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6，7题。
绝密★启用前试卷类型：A 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 英语 本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔讲试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试题与答题卡一并交回。 I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too.For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one,the bird will not 3 .However,if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three. Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group.But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled. It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world,and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's. 1.A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend 2.A. Importantly B.Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately 3. A.survive B.care C. hatch D. notice 4. A.gennerally B.sincerely C.casually D.deliberately
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing the ir children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar 2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语（北京卷） 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B.That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 21. —Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only 22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting 24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether 25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______. A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t 26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____. A. some B. less C. much D. more 29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one _____. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock 32. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _____away. A. to stay B. ataying C. stayed D. stay 33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders? A. at B. on C. to D. across 35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语 第一节完型填空 Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , Experiments show that many animas are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three. Another interesting experiment showed a bird’s 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. How good is a human’s number sense? It’s not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled. It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s. 1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend 2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately 3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice 4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately 5. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval 6. A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing 7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return 8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation 9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill 10. A. reported B. repeated C. designed D. approved 11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk 12. A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally 13. A. single B. small C. local D. new 14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often 15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief 第二节语法填空 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.” His son looked surprised. “I can understand why shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?” “That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. Nick’s guest, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” “But such a small thing couldn’t 23 (possible) destroy a village.” “In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 第三节阅读理解 A． Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination. Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led. The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,”he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装), but finally she agreed. The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand