[课堂演练]
Ⅰ. 短语填空
cast down; in favour of; be bound to; pay off; object to; from time to time; in vain; bring back to life; in good condition; pass on
1. He happened to be saved by a kind man and was ________again.
2. I stayed off work, as I didn't want to________my cold to anyone.
3. All the doctors did was ________，and the patient died after three days' treatment.
4. I still see her________ though we live far from each other.
5. I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays ________.
6. Two years of business school really________. He got success in his career.
7. He seemed quite ________when he knew the result.
8. I really ________ being charged for parking.
9. I'm all ________equal pay for equal work.
10. You've done so much work－you________pass the exam.
答案：1. brought back to life' 2. pass on ' 3. in vain ' 4. from time to time'5. in good condition' 6. paid off' 7. cast down' 8. object to ' 9. in favour of' 10. are bound to
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. Minetta was ________ poor condition last week in hospital; therefore, her parents were ________ favour of performing an operation.
答案：in; in
解析：考查短语搭配中的介词。in poor condition“状况很坏；情况很坏”；in favour of“赞成；支持”。
2. He was in poor health, so the doctor forbade him ________ ________(drink) wine.
答案：to drink
解析：句意：他身体状况不佳，因此医生禁止他喝酒。forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事。forbade为forbid的过去式。
3. He is a successful businessman; he ________his success more to luck than to ability.
答案：owes
解析：句意：他是个成功的商人，他把他的成功更多地归功于运气而不是能力。owe...to... “把……归功于……”，符合句意。
4. This town is so called just ________ ________ ________(honour) a hero in the Anti-Japanese War named Zhao Shangzhi.
答案：in honour of
解析：句意：这个镇子这么叫就是为了纪念抗日战争中的一个叫赵尚志的英雄。in honour of“出于对某人的敬意”。
5. As the road to the airport is under reconstruction, we'd better set________early to avoid the
traffic jam.
答案：off
解析：set off“动身，出发”，此处表示早点动身以避免堵车。
6. The reason why I object to ________(work)with Mr. Black in the same office is that he is a heavy smoker.
答案：working
解析：句意：我反对跟布莱克先生在同一个办公室工作的原因是他吸烟很厉害。不及物动词object意为“反对”，常与介词to连用，故此处用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，work与I之间为主动关系，故用其主动形式。
7. －I'm sorry to ________you, but can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket?
－I will do some shopping, too. Shall we walk there together?
答案：bother
解析：句中I'm sorry to bother you相当于excuse me“对不起；打扰一下”。
8. The forty-storey building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they ________ ________(undertake)．
答案：have undertaken
解析：此处强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
9. The patient's son asked the doctor the question________his father could survive the big operation.
答案：whether
解析：考查同位语从句。此同位语从句表示一种不确定的状态，故用whether引导同位语从句，表示the question的具体内容。
10．—Mom，I can't see any point in working hard at all the subjects at school.
—Come on, dear. Years of hard work will surely ________ ________(pay) in the future of your career.
答案：pay off
解析：答句句意：加油吧，孩子。几年的努力一定会在你以后的事业中得到回报。pay off“回报”。
[实战能力·提升]
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2014·辽宁省六校高三年级联合考试]
There was once a man who was shipwrecked and stranded(搁浅) on an island. Every day he prayed, asking God to send someone to rescue him, but to his __1__ no one ever came.
Months passed and this man learned how to __2__ on the island. During this time, he __3__ things from the island and stored them in a __4__ that he constructed. One day after hunting for food
and returning to his hut, __5__ to his dismay(沮丧) he saw that his hut was on fire along with everything else he owned!
All of his possessions were __6__ in flames! The only thing he had __7__ were the clothes on his back. __8__ he was in shock, and then he was consumed with anger!
In his __9__he threw a fist into the air and began __10__ at God and yelling, “God, how could you let this happen to me? I've been praying every day for months about being __11__ and no one has come, and now everything that I have is on fire! How could you do this to me! Why did you let this happen？”
Later the man was on his hands and knees weeping __12__ when he happened to look up and __13__ sight of a ship coming in his direction. The man was rescued and as they were heading back to the __14__，the man asked the captain, “How were you __15__ to find me？”
The captain responded, “We were __16__across the ocean when we noticed on the horizon a column of __17__ going up. We decided to __18__it out and when we did, that's when we found you！”
In life we are going to be __19__ with challenges, problems, and disasters. But keep it in mind that God can transform what the devil has __20__for bad into your good! What is a catastrophe can sometimes be a blessing in disguise.
1. A. satisfaction B. disappointment
C. delight
D. embarrassment
2. A. survive B. entertain
C. defend
D. escape
3. A. consumed B. operated
C. distinguished
D. accumulated
4. A. hut B. house
C. tent
D. shed
5. A. little B. ever
C. much
D. even
6. A. going up B. going over
C. going down
D. going through
7. A. deserted B. stored
C. left
D. dropped
8. A. Apparently B. Gradually
C. Firstly
D. Unusually
9. A. anger B. joy
C. regret
D. excitement
10. A. aiming B. throwing
C. laughing
D. swearing
11. A. inquired B. rescued
C. fed
D. cured
12. A. heavily B. closely
C. irregularly
D. cautiously
13. A. form B. catch
C. lose
D. gain
14. A. civilization B. north
C. island
D. world
15. A. eager B. willing
C. surprised
D. able
16. A. boating B. swimming
C. voyaging
D. flying
17. A. ash B. water
C. smoke
D. thunder
18. A. check B. set
C. rule
D. hand
19. A. charged B. delighted
C. concerned
D. faced
20. A. pressed B. packed
C. meant
D. charged
[文章大意]本文是一则小故事，描述了一个因船只失事困于海岛的人几经周折被营救的过程。故事告诉我们：有时会因祸得福。
1. B。这个被困于小岛的人每天祷告求上帝派人去救他，但并没有人来，由此可知，他很失望。to one's disappointment“令人失望的是”符合语境。
2. A。几个月过去了，这个人学会了如何在岛上生存。survive“活下来，幸存”符合语境。entertain“娱乐”，defend“防守”，escape“逃跑”，都不符合语境。
3. D。在这期间，他积累(accumulate)从岛上得来的东西并存储在他建造的小屋里。consume“消耗”，operate“操作”，distinguish“区分”，都不符合语境。
4. A。下文信息“One day after hunting for food and returning to his hut”是暗示。
5. C。一天他寻找食物后回到自己的小屋时，沮丧地发现，小屋连同他的一切都着火了！much to one's dismay“让人十分沮丧的是……”符合语境。
6. A。句意：他所有的财产都在大火中化为乌有！go up“被烧毁”，符合句意。
7. C。他唯一剩下的就只有身上的衣服。leave“剩下”符合句意。
8. C。firstly...and then...为常用搭配。句意：他首先惊呆了，继而满腔怒火！
9. A。上文信息“then he was consumed with anger”是暗示。句意：愤怒之下，他在空中挥舞着拳头。
10. D。句意：他开始诅咒上帝，大声喊道：“上帝，你怎么能让这种事发生在我身上……”。
swear at“诅咒，咒骂”符合句意。
11. B。第一段中的“Every day he prayed, asking God to send someone to rescue him”有暗示。他一直祈祷能获救，但没人来，现在自己的一切都被火烧毁了！
12. A。后来他跪在地上大哭起来，却在不经意间抬头看见一艘船朝他的方向驶来。heavily“剧烈地，猛烈地”符合语境。closely“仔细地，紧跟地，密切地”，irregularly“不规则地”，cautiously“谨慎地”，都不符合语境。
13. B。catch sight of“看见，发现”，符合语境。
14. A。那人获救后肯定是回到了文明社会中。civilization“文明的环境”，符合语境。
15. D。这个人问船长，“你是如何能找到我的？”be able to do sth.“能够做某事”。
16. C。根据常识可知，船长肯定是驾驶船只在跨越大西洋航行(voyage)。
17. C。船长回答说，“……我们注意到在地平线上有炊烟袅袅升起。”
18. A。船长他们决定去看看，于是找到了那个人。check out“检查，核实”符合语境。
19. D。在生活中我们要面对各种挑战、问题和灾难。be faced with sth.“面对……”符合语境。
20. C。但是要记住，魔鬼意欲使坏时，上帝能将坏事变成好事。有时会因祸得福。mean“打算，意欲”，符合语境。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
[2014·河南省普通高中高三毕业班适应性测试]
The United States Department of Agriculture has a program called Wildlife Services. Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife. Often that means helping farmers deal with unwelcome visitors. This organization has experts from different fields and it has set up thousands of inquiry agencies all over the country where farmers can explain their difficulty and get practical help.
One example from Wildlife Services of its work involved a farmer in Washington State, in the Pacific Northwest. Several years ago, thousands of Canada geese landed on his fields. The geese began to eat his carrot crop. Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noise-making devices and other measures to scare the large birds away. These efforts apparently succeeded, which made the farmer quite happy.
Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program. The program just offers suggestions to keep those unwelcome visitors away instead of killing them. Experts suggest providing secure shelter for chickens, sheep and other animals that could be attacked. They also suggest using lights above places where animals are kept. And they advise people who see coyotes around their property to chase them away by shouting, making loud noises or throwing rocks. For home gardeners, a two-meter fence might help keep out deer. To keep out rabbits, a wire fence has to be only about a half-meter high. It should extend fifteen centimeters underground to keep rabbits from digging under it. If snakes are a problem, remove dead trees and cut high grass to destroy
their hiding places. And to protect livestock, consider using guard animals such as dogs and donkeys, which are very effective. Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.
1. The underlined phrase “unwelcome visitors” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A. animals that attack the farmers
B. people who don't care about wildlife
C. animals that do harm to the crops or livestock
D. people who pollute the environment of the farms
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.
A. the farmer didn't have a gun to kill those Canada geese
B. Wildlife Services involves some biologists in its group
C. the carrot crop was eaten up by the Canada geese
D. the farmers like to eat Canada geese very much
3. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
A. Ways to protect livestock.
B. Ways to deal with coyotes.
C. How to protect crops.
D. How to find wildlife.
4. How is the program getting along?
A. It remains to be improved.
B. It is very popular among experts.
C. It is well received by the local government.
D. Farmers in the U．S., Canada and Mexico think it effective.
[文章大意]Wildlife Services在保护农业方面卓有成效的工作使其受到了农民的欢迎。
1. C。考查名词指代。由第一段第二句话“Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.”可知，Wildlife Services是帮助农民驱走危害农作物和家畜的动物的一个组织。
2. B。考查推理判断。由第二段中的“Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noise-making devices and other measures to scare the large birds away.”可知，B项正确。
3. A。考查段落大意。第三段首句“Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.”是主题句，下面的内容都是围绕这一主题进行的。
4. D。考查细节理解。由文章最后一句“Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.”可知答案。
Ⅴ. 书面表达
假如你是李华。今日，你看到一幅以环境保护为主题的图片，旨在呼吁我们大家要保护好环境。请你根据图片内容，写一篇英语短文。
要求：
1．涵盖图中的全部信息；
2．注意内在的逻辑性；
3．表达意思要明确。
注意：1.短文标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．考生适当发挥，使文章内容更加充实、连贯；
3．词数120左右；
4．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Environmental Protection Starts from Me
As we all know, the environment is
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Environmental Protection Starts from Me
As we all know, the environment is very important to everyone where we can live comfortably and happily. But now, the environmental pollution worries me all the time. What draws my attention is that everywhere is rubbish, especially the white waste lying on the ground and swinging in the tree, as is shown in the picture. It even causes air pollution and water pollution, thus damaging our health. Considering making our life more convenient, the shopping plastic bags came into being. But unfortunately, we always throw away the rubbish as we like.
Therefore, I would say to make our life much better, we should have a strong responsibility to protect the environment. So take action from me.
商丘市一高2010-2011学年下学期 高三生物 选修1 1.1果酒和果醋的制作 编制：秦伟 审定： 备课组长： 使用时间： 总第 期 1 1．有细胞结构而没有核膜的一组生物是 ( ) A ．噬菌体、细菌 B ．变形虫、草履虫 C ．蓝藻、酵母菌 D ．放线菌、圆褐固氮菌 2．酒厂用酵母菌酿酒时，经检测活菌数量适宜但却不产生酒精，应采取的措施是 ( ) A ．降低温度 B ．隔绝空气 C ．加缓冲液 D ．加新鲜培养基 3．将葡萄汁制成果酒和果醋后 （ ） A ．能量减少，有机物种类变化 B ．能量增加，有机物种类不变 C ．能量不变，有机物种类变化 D ．能量减少，有机物种类不变 4．细胞结构是原核细胞、生长繁殖过程不需氧、体内不含有氧呼吸酶的微生物是 ( ) A ．酵母菌 B ．醋酸菌 C ．乳酸菌 D ．变形虫 5．在醋酸菌利用葡萄酒生产葡萄醋的过程中，因为培养环境的改变，醋酸菌也可能出现变异现象，这种变异来源是 ( ) A ．染色体变异 B ．基因突变 C ．基因重组 D ．等位基因分离 6．(多选)若在制作葡萄酒时，在发酵液中同时生成了葡萄醋，可能的原因是 ( ) A ．密封不严，有氧气进入 B ．有空气中的醋酸菌进入 C ．发酵罐消毒不彻底 D ．发酵液灭菌不彻底 7．(多选)制作葡萄酒的过程中，涉及的操作过程有 ( ) A ．发酵装置的消毒 B ．接种菌种 C ．通人氧气量和酸碱度的控制 D ．发酵过程高温加热 8．下列关于果酒和果醋制作的叙述，错误的是 ( ) A ．制作果酒时瓶口需密闭，而制作果醋时中断通氧可能会引起醋酸菌死亡 B ．温度对酵母菌酒精发酵的影响很大，而对醋酸菌的发酵影响不大 C ．在变酸的果酒的表面观察到的菌膜可能是醋酸菌在液面大量繁殖形成的 D ．制作果酒和果醋时都应用70%的酒精对发酵瓶消毒并注意无菌操作 9．利用微生物发酵制作果酒，该过程利用的微生物是___________，其代谢类型是 ____________，与生产实际相关的反应式是_______________ ， 在不灭菌的情况下，如何使酵母菌成为优势菌种?____ ________________________ _____________________________ ___________。 10．酵母菌是自然界中常见的一类真菌． (1)从细胞核的结构看，酵母菌属于_______________________ 生物． (2)酵母菌常进行___________________生殖，在基因工程中，也常用酵母菌作为转入基因的受体细胞，是因为___________________________________________________。 (3)用染料使染色体着色，发现一酵母菌细胞核中有17条染色体，该酵母菌是______倍 体．在自然环境中，酵母菌属于生态系统中的___ ___成分． (4)酵母菌体内遗传物质主要在 上，而醋酸菌的遗传物质主要在________上． 11．下面是果酒和果醋制作的实验流程和某同学设计的果酒和果醋的发酵装置。根据图示回答下列问题： (1)完成图1中的实验流程。 (2)冲洗的主要目的是_________，冲洗应特别注意不能____________，以防止菌种的流失。 (3)图2装置中的充气口在________时关闭，在_______时连接充气泵，并连续不断地向内________________________________________________________________________。 (4)排气口在酒精发酵时排出的气体是由_______产生的______，在醋酸发酵时排出的是________________________________________________________________________。 (5)写出与(4)题有关的反应方程式： ①________________________________________________________________________； ②________________________________________________________________________。 (6)若在果汁中就含有醋酸菌，在酒精发酵旺盛时，醋酸菌能否将果汁中的糖发酵为醋酸？说明原因_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________。 (7)在酒精发酵时瓶内温度一般应控制在________。醋酸发酵时温度一般应控制在________。 1.1答案 1—8 DBACB ABCD ABC B 9、酵母菌 异养兼性厌氧型 C 6H 12O 6 2C 2H 5OH+2CO 2+能量 将混合菌置于缺氧，酸性环境下，利用酵母菌兼性厌氧的特点，而绝大多数其他微生物都无法适应这一环境受到抑制 10、真菌 出芽 酵母菌繁殖快 遗传物质相对少 单 分解者 细胞核 拟核 11、(1)醋酸发酵 (2)洗去浮尘 反复冲洗 (3)酒精发酵 醋酸发酵 泵入空气(氧) (4)酵母菌 CO 2 ( 含氧量少的)空气、CO 2 (5)C 6H 12O 6―→2C 2H 5OH ＋2CO 2 C 6H 12O 6＋2O 2―→2CH 3COOH ＋2CO 2＋2H 2O ， C 2H 5OH ＋O 2―→CH 3COOH ＋H 2O (6)不能。因为酒精发酵时的缺氧环境能抑制醋酸菌生长，且醋酸菌发酵条件是氧气充足 (7)18 ～25 ℃ 30 ～35 ℃ 作 业 班级： 学号 ： 姓名： 高三生物 酶
高二英语选修8 Unit 1 第五课时using language Teaching goals: Enable the ss to learn about how to write a diary. Find the places mentioned in the text. Part 1 Reading and answering Quickly read Geoge’s diary. He wrote this part of his diary when he was in San Francisco. Write the things he saw in these days. ?Monday 12th, June: ?Tuesday 13th,June: ?Wednesday 14th, June 1.able car:When was it invented?who?why? 2.sherman’s wharf the district_____________________________ Array It is a tourist area_____________________________ the place________________________________ 3.chinatown Name the things that visitors can do in it. 4.Angel Island Part 2 Language points 1.Teamed up with a couple from my hotel. team up with: make an effort in cooperation with; work together with Translate:
牛津版选修8Unit1 Reading1参考学案 重点讲解 1. received adj. 被承认的；被认可的；公认的 be well received with 很受……欢迎 这位歌手很受学生们的欢迎。 Answer: The singer is well received with the students 练练吧！ 1.我昨天收到了李红给我的生日礼物. 2.这个节目很受观众的欢迎. Answers: 1. I received a birthday present from LiHong yesterday. 2. The programme is well received with the audience. 2. have nothing to do with与……无关;与……没来往 这与你无关. 我劝你不要与那人来往. Answers: 1. This has nothing to do with you. 实用文档
2. I advise you to have nothing with that man. 练练吧！ 1.He (不在乎钱). 2.She got the tickets (免费). 3.I could (不了解) what he said. 4.She (只是) a child. 实用文档
5.The dress is (完全不同) the one they advised. 6.He (认为……不算啥)a twenty-mile walk. 7.------Anything interesting happening? ------No, ______. A.something of B. nothing of C. something much D. nothing of Answers: 1.care nothing for money 2. for nothing 3. make nothing of 4. is nothing but 5. nothing like 6. thinks nothing of 7. B 3. have a place in…在……中占一席之地 练练吧！ 1.史密斯先生在公司占有重要地位. 2. The famous scientist has ________ in the world. A. a seat B. a place C. a role D. places Answers: 1. Mr. Smith has an important place in the company. 2. B 4. make…into…= to chang e sth or sb different from what it/he/she used to be 练练吧！ 1.那部电影的成功使她一夜成名. 2.我们可以把这个房间改变成书房. 实用文档
专题5课题3 血红蛋白的提取和分离 一、基础知识 （一）凝胶色谱法 1、凝胶色谱法也称做，是根据分离蛋白质的有效方法。 2、凝胶实际上是一些微小的球体，这些小球体大多数是由构成的，如葡聚糖或琼脂糖。 3、在小球体内部有许多贯穿的通道，相对分子质量不同的蛋白质分子通过凝胶时速度不同，相对分子质量的蛋白质容易进入凝胶内部的通道，路程，移动速度；而相对分子质量的蛋白质无法进入凝胶内部的通道，只能在移动，路程，移动速度。相对分子质量不同的蛋白质分子因此得以分离。 （二）缓冲溶液 1、缓冲溶液的作用是。 2、缓冲溶液通常由溶解于水中配制而成的。 3、生物体内进行的各种生物化学反应都是在一定的pH下进行的，为了 ，必须保持体外的pH与体内的。 （三）电泳 1、电泳是指。 2、许多重要的生物大分子，如多肽、核酸等都具有可解离的基团，在一定的pH下，这些基团会带上 。在电场的作用下，这些带电分子会向着与其所带电荷的电极移动。电泳利用了待分离样品中各分子的差异以及分子本身的、的不同，使带电分子产生不同的，从而实现样品中各种分子的分离。 3、两种常用的电泳方法是和，在凝胶中加入SDS，电泳速率完全取决于 ，因此，在测定蛋白质分子量时通常使用。 二、实验操作 蛋白质的提取和分离一般分为四步：、、和。（一）样品处理 1、红细胞的洗涤：洗涤红细胞的目的是，采集的血样要及时分离红细胞，分离时采用离心（500r/min），然后用胶头吸管吸出上层透明的，将下层暗红色的 倒入烧杯，再加入（质量分数为），缓慢搅拌 min，离心，如此重复洗涤三次，直至，表明红细胞已洗涤干净。 2、血红蛋白的释放：在和作用下，红细胞破裂释放出血红蛋白。 3、分离血红蛋白溶液：将搅拌好的混合溶液离心（2000r/min）后，试管中的溶液分为4层。第一层为无色透明的，第2层为白色薄层固体，是，第3层是红色透明液体，这是 ，第4层是的暗红色沉淀物。将试管中的液体用滤纸过滤，除去脂溶性沉淀层，于分液漏斗中静置片刻后，分出下层的。 （二）粗分离：透析 取1mL的血红蛋白溶液装入中，将透析袋放入盛有300mL的物质的量的浓度为20mmol/L的
Unit 1 △California 加利福尼亚（州） △Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人 △illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著 △immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait n. 海峡 △Bering 白令海峡 Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极 means n. 手段；方法 by means of… 用……办法；借助…… △prehistoric adj. 史前的 majority n. 大多数；大半 ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒 △Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州） △San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称 旧金山） △adventurer n. 冒险家 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 △despite prep. 尽管；不管 hardship n. 苦难；困苦 elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条 percentage n. 百分比；百分率 △Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶 Italy n. 意大利 Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人的；意大利语的
Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家） keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业 boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 △Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜 Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦 Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人 △immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境 racial adj. 人种的；种族的 crossing n.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职 nephew n. 侄子；外甥 pole n. 地极；电极；磁极 applicant n. 申请人 customs n. 海关；关税；进口税 socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的 socialism n. 社会主义 occur vi. 发生；出现 cattle n. 牛（总称） △Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示 back to back 背靠背 luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage） shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃 △cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆 △cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车
高二英语选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 导学案 课题：Warming up & Pre-reading 主备：管莉琴 学习目标：了解有关美国地理方面的知识 I. 课前预习（翻译下列词及短语） 1. 与...相比较_________________ 2. 在...东海岸_______________________ 3. 山脉____________________ 4. 说明，阐明__________________ 5. diversity__________________ II. 课堂探究Warming up 1. Name the seven continents and four oceans. The seven continents: The four oceans: 2.Look at the map of the USA. Work with your group to write on the map the names of as many of the following as you can. (P.1.) 3.How much do you know about the USA? The USA lies in _________________, bordering both the ________ Ocean and the _______ Ocean, between ________ and ________. There are _____ states in the US. Forty-eight of them are in the single region, while _______ and _______ are not contiguous with any of the other states. Pre-reading 1.If you have a chance to go to the USA, where would you prefer to visit, California or Washington DC or other cities? Why? 2.About California : California has an area of 411,000 square kilometers. And it is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. California is amazing. The pleasant weather, long beach and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous. 3.How is each picture relevant to the history of California? ( Look at the three pictures of the text ) 4.General knowledge quiz about California. (1). California is the ____ largest state in the USA. A. third B. second C. fourth D. Fifth (2). California, a state in the western USA, borders _____. A. the Pacific Ocean B. the Indian Ocean C. the Atlantic Ocean D. the Arctic Ocean (3). _____ is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city. A.Sacramento B. Los Angeles C. San Diego D. San Francisco (4). California’s official nickname is the ___. A. Sunflower State B. Golden State C. Land of Opportunity D. Evergreen State (5).5. ____ has the largest population in the USA. A.California B.Alaska C. Washington D. Texas 6. California entered the Union on September 9th 1850, as the ____ state. A. thirtieth B. thirty-eighth C. thirty-second D. thirty-first Homework: ( Reading training ) There are different cultural traditions in the 38th District of California communities: Cambodian, Hmong, Indo-American, Chamorro, and African-American. Individual events focus on each culture. Cambodian people first came to the 38th District when they escaped from being killed by the Khmer Rouge during the 1970s. Cambodian traditions are kept alive in the celebration of the Cambodian New Year in April, which features (以……为特色) native food, religious events, and traditional Cambodian dances, with their costumes and beautiful movements. The Hmong people, who came to the 38th District because of the war in Vietnam, celebrate their New Year in December. Wearing colorful costumes, singing native songs and playing native instruments, the Hmong celebrate New Year by performing ceremonies to honor the dead and the spirits of nature. The tradition of the Indo-Americans in the District is kept through their social, professional and political clubs, and by wearing their traditional dress and performing folk dances from India. The Chamorro people, first from the Mariana Islands and Guam in the Pacific, hold an annual cultural fair in Long Beach; central to the Chamorran tradition is respect for elders, religious beliefs, storytelling, dancing, canoe-making, and the production of tools. Marking the end of slavery, Juneteenth was first celebrated on June 19 in Galveston,
最新人教版高中生物选修一导学案（全册）专题1 传统发酵技术的应用课题1 果酒和果醋 的制作 【学习目标】 1.说明果酒和果醋制作的原理 2.设计制作果酒和果醋的装置 【重点难点】 重点：说明果酒和果醋的制作原理，设计制作装置，制作出果酒果醋。 难点：制作过程中发酵条件的控制。 【预习案】 任务一、果酒制作的原理 1．菌种是，属于生物，新陈代谢类型，有氧时，进行，大量繁殖，反应式为；无氧时，能进行，反应式为。 2．酵母菌繁殖的最适温度℃左右，且为有氧条件； 酒精发酵一般控制在℃，缺氧酸性条件。（原因：） 3．自然发酵过程中，起作用的主要是附着于上的野生型酵母菌。也可以在果汁中加入人工培养的酵母菌。 4.葡萄酒呈深红色的原因： 任务二、果醋制作的原理 1．菌种是，属于生物，新陈代谢类型为。只有在氧气充足时，才能进行旺盛的生命活动。变酸的酒表面观察到的菌膜就是在液面大量繁殖形成的。 2．当氧气、糖源都充足时，醋酸菌将葡萄汁中的分解成，当缺少糖源时，醋酸菌将变为，再将乙醛变为，反应简式为。 3．醋酸菌的最适合生长温度为℃。 任务三、实验设计 流程图 葡萄发酵发酵 任务四、操作提示 （一）材料的选择与处理
选择______的葡萄，榨汁前先将葡萄进行_______，然后再除去_______。 （二）防止发酵液被污染 1.榨汁机要清洗_______，并_______。 2.发酵瓶要清洗_________，用体积分数________的酒精消毒。 3.装入葡萄汁后，_________充气口。 （三）控制好发酵条件 1.葡萄汁装入发酵瓶时，要留出大约______的空间。 2.制作葡萄酒过程中，将温度严格控制在_________℃，时间控制在_________d左 右，可通过出料口对发酵的情况进行及时的监测。 3.制作葡萄醋的过程中，将温度严格控制在__________℃，时间控制在_______d 左右，并注意适时通过充气口_______。 任务五、课题延伸 果汁发酵后是否有酒精产生，可以用____________来检验。在________条件下， 重铬酸钾与酒精反应呈现____________。 检测时，先在试管中加入发酵液2mL，再滴入物质的量的浓度为3mol/L的 _______3滴，振荡混匀，最后滴加常温下______________________3滴。 【探究案】 探究点一 你认为应该先冲洗葡萄还是先除去枝梗？为什么？ 探究点二 你认为应该从哪些方面防止发酵液被污染？ 探究点三 制葡萄酒时，为什么要将温度控制在18～25 ℃？制葡萄醋时，为什么要将温度控制在30～35 ℃？
教学准备 1. 教学目标 三、教学目标 1．知识技能目标 1）能从文中获取主要信息，如获取What happened to the Native Americans after the arrival of the Europeans? After all those sufferings, did all Native Americans choose to leave the land? How do you know (from the text)? 等直接信息能力； 2）能从文本中加工和处理信息，如What did the Spanish do to the Native Americans in the 16th century？（此问题需提取数个段落的文本信息） Two groups of immigrants had something in common. What are they? (double choices) Why? （此问题需要学生从文字的表面信息加工处理后方可得到答案） 3）能透过信息表层思考人文精神，培养学生的发散性思维与批判性思维，如what do you think of the Native Americans who survived and stayed at CA? How do you think the Europeans could have succeeded in making the Native Americans slaves or even kill them? Do you think language plays an important part in a culture? 等。 2．情感目标 学生能通过信息加工后学习移民们的不畏困难、坚持不懈等珍贵品质，并推论出落后就要挨打，少年强则中国强的借鉴意义。 2. 教学重点/难点 How do you think the Europeans could have succeeded in making the Native Americans slaves or even kill them? Do you think language plays an important part in a culture? 3. 教学用具 4. 标签 教学过程 四、教学过程
Unit 2 Cloning （Module 8） Period 1 Reading: Cloning: Where is it leading us Class ： Name ： __________ Group ： No ：______ Learning Objectives: 1. Learn the useful new words and expressions. 2. Read the passage and learn some information about cloning. Learning Key Points: 1. Grasp the important words and expressions in the reading material. 2. Learn the text and master the major uses of cloning and the success and problem of cloning Dolly the sheep. Learning Difficult Points: 1. Improve the reading ability. 2. Learn the reading skills: scanning and skimming. Learning Procedures: I. 【Pre-class homework 】 A. Warming up There are two kinds of clones, a natural clone and a man-made clone. Do you know what is a natural clone? And what is a man-made clone? A natural clone is one that ______________________________________________________ Man-made clone is one that ____________________________________________________ B. Pre-reading Background reading: Scottish scientists at Roslyn Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly", aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. She was the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA taken from an adult cell. Previously, animals had only been cloned using embryo(胚胎) cells which already have the potential to become a complete embryo in its own right. The big breakthrough with Dolly was to make a clone from an ordinary, adult cell ? in this case from a female goat’s udder. Questions: 1. How does Dolly differ from other sheep? She was ______________ by humans while the others were born naturally. So, Dolly was a ______________ sheep. 2. Should we clone a human? II. 【While-class 】 Step1. Lead-in Step2. Group discussion Step3．Consolidation 1. Reading Assessment : Assessment :
高三生物选修1 专题2 微生物的培养与应用导学案 （一）微生物的实验室培养 1. 培养基 （1）概念：人们按照微生物对＿＿＿＿＿＿的不同需求，配制出供其＿＿＿＿＿＿的营养基质叫培养基。按物理性质可分为＿＿＿＿培养基和＿＿＿＿培养基。 （2）营养构成：各种培养基一般都含有＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿。从细胞的化学元素组成来看，培养基中都含有这些营养成分的原因是：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （3）在上述主要营养物质的基础上，还要满足微生物生长对＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿以及＿＿＿＿的要求，例如：培养乳酸杆菌时需在培养基中添加＿＿＿＿＿、培养霉菌时需将培养基PH调至＿＿＿＿、培养细菌时需将PH调至＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、培养厌氧微生物则需提供＿＿＿＿＿条件。 2. 无菌技术 （1）获得纯净培养物的关键是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，具体操作如下： ①对实验操作的＿＿＿＿＿、操作者的＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿进行＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ②将用于微生物培养的＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿等器具进行＿＿＿＿。 ③为避免周围环境中微生物的污染，实验操作应在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿附近进行。 ④实验操作时应避免已经灭菌处理的材料用具与＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿相接触。 （2）消毒和灭菌 ①消毒是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（不包括芽孢和孢子）。日常生活中常用的方法有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；不耐高温的液体用＿＿＿＿＿＿；人们也常使用（如酒精、氯气、石炭酸、煤酚皂溶液等）消毒、＿＿＿＿消毒。 ②灭菌是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（包括芽孢和孢子）。常用的方法有：＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ③无菌技术除了防止培养物被污染外，还能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ④利用干热灭菌箱对玻璃器皿灭菌时物品不能摆得太挤，避免＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ⑤物品装入高压蒸汽灭菌锅灭菌后，要首先打开排气阀，煮沸并排除锅内冷空气，其目的是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；随后关闭排气阀继续加热，气压升至＿＿＿＿，温度为＿＿＿＿＿，并维持＿＿＿＿＿min；最后切断热源，使温度自然降温，气压务必降至＿＿＿时打开锅盖，其目的是防止＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3.实验操作 （1）制备牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基 ①基本操作步骤：＿＿＿→＿＿＿＿→＿＿＿＿→调pH→＿＿＿＿→＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ②相关问题：a.在制备牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基的称量操作中，动作要迅速，原因是防止＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ b.溶化操作中需要不断用玻璃棒搅拌的目的是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ c.牛肉膏和蛋白胨主要为微生物提供的营养物质有：＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿。
Unit 1 A land of diversity
Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分教学设计 Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading (CALIFORNIA) Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will be guided to pre-read by discussing, read for forms, copy and make sentences. Then they shall read the text to transfer information. Next they will read the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story in their own words. The period will end by students writing a history account. Objectives To help students understand the text’s forms and contentsandlearn about a land of diversity To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, collocations and structures learned in this unit Focus Words illustrate, indicate, swap, slip, hire, insert, react Collocations by means of, occur to, team up with, mark out, take in, a great many Patterns 1. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one reallyknows. 2. However, in 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico and after it lost the war,Mexico had to give California to the United States. 3. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 4．Now that you have read the text, you know a lot more about the pictures on pages 1-3.
专题1 传统发酵技术的应用 课题1：果酒和果醋的制作 学习目标： 1、说明果酒和果醋制作的原理。 2、设计制作果酒和果醋的装置。 3、尝试果酒和果醋的制作。 4、果酒和果醋制作中发酵需要的条件。 学习重难点： 1、说明果酒果醋制作的原理 2、果酒和果醋制作中发酵需要的条件 自主学习： 一、果酒制作的原理 1、酵母菌的生物学特征 ⑴属于生物。 ⑵新陈代谢类型：异氧兼性厌氧型。 酵母菌是兼性厌氧微生物，在有氧条件下，酵母菌进行有氧呼吸，。反应式为：。在无氧条件下，酵母菌能进行，反应式为：。 ⑶繁殖方式：酵母菌可以通过出芽进行无性生殖，也可以通过形成孢子进行有性生殖。但多以出芽方式进行无性生殖。无性生殖即在环境条件适合时，从母细胞上长出一个芽，逐渐长到成熟大小后与母体分离。在营养状况不好时，一些可进行有性生殖的酵母菌会形成孢子（一般是四个），进入休眠状态，在条件适合时再萌发。 2、在葡萄酒的自然发酵过程中，起主要作用的是附着在葡萄皮上的。 3、果酒制作时需控制温度在。 4、红色葡萄果酒的颜色成因：在发酵过程中，随着的提高，红葡萄皮的进入发酵液，使葡萄酒呈现深红色。 一、果醋制作的原理 1、醋酸菌的生物学特性 ⑴属于生物。 ⑵新陈代谢类型：异氧需氧型。 有氧呼吸的场所：细胞膜。好氧细菌与呼吸作用有关的酶主要分布在细胞膜上。 ⑶繁殖方式：二分裂 细菌没有核膜，只有一个大型的环状DNA分子，细菌细胞分裂时，DNA分子附着在细胞膜上并复制为二，然后随着细胞膜的延长，复制而成的两个DNA分子彼此分开；同时，细胞中部的细胞膜和细胞壁向内生长，形成隔膜，将细胞质分成两半，形成两个子细胞，这个过程就被称为细菌的二分裂。 2、果醋制作的原理 ⑴当氧气、糖源都充足时，醋酸菌将葡萄汁中的糖分解成。 ⑵当缺少糖源时，醋酸菌将乙醇变为，再变为。 反应式为：。 3、果醋制作时需控制的条件 ⑴环境条件：充足。⑵温度：醋酸菌生长的最适温度为。 4、在变酸的酒的表面观察到的菌膜是在液面大量繁殖而形成的。溶液内部能形成菌膜吗？ 三、果酒和果醋的制作过程 挑选葡萄→冲洗→________→______________→______________ ↓↓ 果酒果醋 四、发酵装置的设计 果酒和果醋的发酵装置示意图 1、设计思路 ⑴因为果酒制作初期需要氧，果醋整个制作过程都需氧，所以需要带开关的充气口，以调控对气体的需求。
Unit 1 The written word 三言两语 1.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you. 2．I would appreciate it very much if you could offer me the opportunity to work as a volunteer. 3．What's more，it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your American friends，which may help you relax and have fun. 1.这可能就是彭斯在他著名的诗歌 《一朵红红的玫瑰》里评论玫瑰的原 因。 This_is probably why Burns talked about a rose in his famous poem，‘A Red，Red Rose’． 2．迟早我们会让你成为一名网球选 手的。 We'll make_a_tennis_player_of_ you sooner or later. [单词拼写应用] 核心单词 1．reputation n．名誉，名声 2．desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望 3．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救 4．intend vt.&vi.打算，计划，想要 5．adore vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕 6．abuse vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用 7．debt n．债务，欠款 [语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．She adores(adore) working with children. 2．He felt they had_abused(abuse) his trust by talking about him to the press. 3．The child was_rescued(rescue) from the fire，but died soon after of terrible burns. 4．We finished later than we had_intended(intend)． 5．I need to pay off all my debts(debt) before I leave the country. 拓展单词