模块5 Unit 2
Reading
1. survival n. 幸存，生还survive v. 幸存，生还（survive the accident从事故中生还）survivor n. 幸存者
2. air / water pollution 空气/水污染
3. economy n. 经济
economic adj. 经济的，经济学的economical adj. 节约的，节省的
economics n. 经济学
4. consultant n. 顾问
consult vt. 请教，商量（If you have any problems, you can consult your doctor.）
查阅，参考（consult the dictionary）
5. debate nu./ nc. 辩论，讨论
the debate over/ about / on … 关于…的辩论，讨论
The problem is under debate. (under debate 在讨论中)
debate v. 辩论，讨论debater n. 辩论队员
6. schedule n. 计划，时间表
on schedule 准时ahead of schedule 提前
7. open the floor for discussion / questions 自由讨论/提问
8. I am talking to you today about the way (that/in which) large areas of the world are damaged by waste.
当先行词是way时，若定语从句主谓宾完整，从句就用that或in which引导，也可什么都不填。
比较：
I don’t like the way (that / which) you told me.
此时定语从句中缺少宾语，要用that或which，或不填。
9. damage vt. / n. 损害，伤害
damage… = do / cause damage to…
be damaged by chemical waste 受到化学垃圾的损害
10. waste nu. 废弃物，浪费（It’s a waste of time doing 做…是浪费时间的）
Vt. 浪费waste sth on sth / (in) doing…
Adj. 废弃的，荒芜的
11. A large amount of money has been paid.
Large amounts of money have been paid.
amount的后面要跟不可数名词，但是谓语动词的单复数取决于amount。
12. go into the atmosphere 进入大气
13. sick adj. 生病的；恶心的，呕吐的（travel sickness 晕车，晕船，晕机等）
14. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.
这里的killing是现在分词表示自然而然的结果。
flow-flowed-flowed vi. / n. 流动，连贯
?The river flows eastward into the sea. （流动）
?The traffic flows well at this time of the day. 交通顺畅
?When the concert was over, lots of people flowed from the hall. 人群涌出
n. the flow of blood / traffic / water 血流、交通流量，水流
15. Much sea life is being destroyed as well. (正在被毁灭)
16. fishing boats 渔船
17. a large number of … = large numbers of…许多，大量（后接名词复数）
a large quantity of … = large quantities of…许多（后接不可数，或复数都可以，相当于a lot of和lots of）
a large amount of… = large amounts of…许多(后接不可数名词)
18. fish做可数名词：
1）指鱼的条数，单复数同形。（one fish 一只鱼; two fish 两只鱼）
2)指鱼的种类，复数是fishes （two fishes 两种鱼）
fish做不可数名词，指鱼肉。
19. lay（下蛋，铺，放置）- laid – laid
lie （躺，位于）-lay-lain (lying)
lie （撒谎）-lied-lied （lying）
20. result in … 导致… result from… 因为… （这两个都是动词短语）
result in sb doing 导致某人做…( Carelessness resulted in him falling off the bike.)
result in sb / sth done 导致某人/某物被… ( River pollution resulted in smaller numbers of fish left for us to eat.)
表示“导致”的短语还有：lead to , contribute to （这两个短语的to都是介词，后面要加doing / being done）
21. The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
1) population指人口，不可数；指人们，人民，可数
?The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
?About 30 percent of the population in this country are farmers.
2）grow by…增加了…grow to…增加到…
(也可以说increase / rise by…增加了…)
3) 倍数的表达：(1) 倍数+ as + 形容词/副词原级+ as …
(2) 倍数+ 比较级+ than …
(3）倍数+ the + n. (width / size / length / depth / height…) + of …
(4) 倍数+ what-从句
?这座新楼是那座旧楼的两倍高。
⑴The new building is twice as high as the old one.
⑵The new building is once higher than the old one.
⑶The new building is twice the height of the old one.
22. It’s one’s duty to do…做…是某人的责任
It’s parents’ duty to raise their children.
23. 削减，减少：cut back on… = cut down… = cut down on…
cut in …插嘴cut down 砍倒；削减cut off 切断（联系，供应）cut up 切碎24. turn into …变成…turn A into B 把A变成B
turn to sb / sth 翻到…页；向某人求助
turn out (to be ) + n./adj. 结果是
turn up 调高音量，出现turn down 调低音量，拒绝
turn in 上交turn over 翻转
25. be concerned about / with…对…关心，关注，担忧的
be concerned with…和…有关
as far as sb + be concerned 就某人而言（as far as I’m concerned）
concerning 介词，=about （a book about / concerning English）
26. present adj. 现在的；出席的v. 呈现，赠送，颁奖
27. see…as…将…视为…(I’m seen as being against the environment. )
近义词组：regard…as…; look on…as…; think of…as…; consider … (as/tobe)…
28. I’m seen as being against the environment.
be against …反对…be for…支持…
29. clouds of …成团的…
30. pour chemical waste into the water 把化学废料倾倒进水里
31. hide from their responsibilities 躲避责任（hide-hid-hidden 躲避，躲藏）
32. a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for sb / sth = be responsible for…为…负责
It’s one’s responsibility / duty to do…做…是某人的责任
33. This does not have to be true. 这不一定是真的。
not have to…不一定
34. environmental consultant 环境顾问
35. operate vt./vi. 做手术（operate on sb）; （多指机器）操作,运转；经营，管理
operate the machine
The machine operates properly.
operate the factories
operation n.
operator n. 操作人员；电话接线员
36. credit nu. 信用，信誉；赞扬，认可nc.学分
37. produce sth from…用…来制造…
produce more things from raw materials 多用原材料制造东西
38. Having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that … (L34)
having worked…表示先和他们一起工作，然后才know…
又如：Having finished homework, he went out. ( 先写作业，再出去)
比较：Listening to music, he is doing his homework. ( listening 做伴随状语，表示边写作业边听歌)
39. Asking around, I find many willing to… (L48)
Asking around在这里是分词做时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句“When I ask around,…”
40. be friendly to the environment 环保的
也可以说environmentally friendly (environmentally friendly ways of life 环保的生活方式)
41. pay higher taxes 付更高的税
42. pay for…为…付钱pay back sb / sth 偿还…; 报答，回报…
pay off 还清；取得成功，得到回报（Our hard work has paid off. 我们的辛苦得到了回报，取得成功了。）
43. future generations 后代
44. mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味着…
mean-meant-meant
45. There is no debating that + 句子“无可争议的是…”
46. What if + 句子= What will happen if…如果…怎么办？
47. be willing to do 愿意做…
也可以这样用：
I find people willing to buy things that are friendly to the environment.(这里的willing to…是做宾补的，对people进行补充说明) ，这句话也可以改成find后面加从句：I find (that) people are willing to buy things that are friendly to the environment.
48. 用光，耗尽
use up = run out of 是及物短语，如果后面没有宾语，就要用被动态
run out 是不及物的，后面不能跟宾语，也不能用被动态
We have used up / run out of the money. ( X run out)
The money has been used up / run out of. 或The money has run out.(X The money has been run out.)
49. as long as + 句子只要…
50. clean up 打扫，清理
51. My aim is to do…我的目标是… , to do在这里做表语
My aim is to be an engineer.
Grammar
1 protect/ preserve the environment 保护环境
2 state nc. 状态；州vt. 陈述（名词：statement）
状态良好：in a good state = in good condition
3 with的复合结构：
1）with+宾语+形容词：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
2) with+宾语+副词：She left the room with all lights on.
3) with +宾语+doing：With the boy helping us, we found the house easily.
4) with+宾语+done：With his homework done, he went out to play.
5) with +宾语+to do（表将来，不用被动）：With a lot of things to buy, I’ll go to the market this afternoon.
4. used to do 过去常常做…(现在已不做了)，would也可以表示“过去常常。”
be / get used to (doing) 习惯于做…
be used to do 被用来做…(The knife is used to cut fruit.)
5. Upon / On + 名词或doing，表示“一…就…”
Upon/On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police. 或Upon/On his arrival at the airport, he was arrested…
as soon as / immediately / the moment + 句子，也可表示“一…就…”:
Upon/On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police. = As soon as / immediately / the moment he arrived at the airport , he was arrested…
6. pick up 捡起；重拾健康，好转；开车接某人；收听，接收；无意中学到/养成…
7. cover vt. 覆盖；报道
The snow covered the earth.
The research covered three subjects. （覆盖三个主题）
By sunset, we had covered 30 miles. (覆盖…路程)
8. clean up 打扫干净；清除不良现象（clean up the city 清除城市的不良现象）
9. shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；可惜（常用a shame，可替换成a pity）
What a shame / a pity you didn’t come to the party. 真可惜啊，…….
句型：It would be a shame if + 过去时“如果…就太可惜了”，这个句型是虚拟语气，
表示与现实相反的情况。
如：It would be a shame if the places of interest were destroyed by people’s activities.
10. arrest vt. / n. 逮捕
arrest sb for …因为…逮捕某人
Y ou are under arrest. 你被捕了。
11. customs officer 海关官员
12. He saw feathers falling from under her coat.
from under her coat:从她的帽子下面（from后面可以再接一个介词短语）
from behind the door 从门后面
13. come over 过来come over to …到…去（=move to…）
14. It seems / seemed that + 句子好像
seem to do 好像（He seems to like music very much.）
15. take off 脱下；飞机起飞，事业起步，公司飞黄腾达
take down 写下
take up 拿起；占据（时间，空间或比例）；开始学/做（take up fishing / English）
take over 接管；继承
16. keep sth hidden in a blanket 让…一直藏在毯子里（这里的hidden in a blanket是宾补）
17. give off …放出，发出（光，热，气味等）
18. as if , as though 好像，似乎；even if, even though 尽管
19. impress vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记
impress sb 使某人印象深刻
impress sb with sth 用…使某人印象深刻
sb + be impressed by / with …某人对…印象深刻
impress sth on / upon sb = impress sb with sth 使某人铭记…
impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
impressed adj. 自己印象深刻的（He said we should protect the environment and I was impressed.）
impression n. 印象（leave / make an impression on sb 给某人留下印象）
20. make a powerful statement 作出有力的陈述
21. clap hard 用力鼓掌，用力拍手
22. economic development 经济发展
environmental protection 环保
environmentally friendly adj. 环保的
23. conflict v. / n. 冲突，抵触
做动词：conflict with …与…冲突
做名词：come into conflict with… ( = conflict with …) 与…冲突
in conflict with…与…冲突（这是介词短语，不能直接做谓语）
24. sth + need / want / require to be done / doing …需要被…
My hands need / want / require to be washed.= My hands need / want / require washing.
25. work on sth 从事…
26. work out 锻炼；解决，计算出；制定
work out in the gym / a math problem / a plan
T ask
1.with the opening of…随着…的开业
2.queue up 排队
3.the first to do…第一个/第一批做…的人
4. a queue of 300 people 一个…的队伍
5.up to an hour 长达一小时
up to sb 由某人决定；是某人的责任（It’s up to you to clean the blackboard.）
6.on its opening day 在开业第一天
7.on class trips 班级出游
8.official nc. 普通官员，公务员officer nc. 高级官员，军官
9.turn into desert 变成沙漠
desert n. 沙漠vt. 抛弃，遗弃deserted adj. 无人的；被遗弃的
10.a growing world problem 一个日益严重的问题
11.the United Nations = the UN 联合国member countries 成员国
12.fight desertification 对抗沙漠化（fight-fought-fought）
“与…作斗争/打架”也可以说fight with / against…
13.采取措施做某事：take steps / measures to do sth
采取行动做某事：take action to do
14.阻止沙漠化进程：stop the process of desertification
process n. 过程，进程progress n. 进步
15.include sth / doing 包括…
16.鼓励某人做…: encourage sb to do
阻止某人做…: discourage sb from doing
17.阻止风把土壤吹走：stop the wind from blowing the soil away (blow-blew-blown)
= stop the soil from being blown away
18.向某人提供某物：provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
19.在干旱的地区：in dry areas
20.decrease v. / n. 减少（发音不同）（反义词：increase 增加）
做动词：decrease / increase to / by…减少/增加到/了…
作名词：a decrease / an increase in…在…方面减少/增加
a decrease / an increase of 30 % 减少/增加了30%
on the decrease / increase 在减少/增加中
21.drill for underground water 钻孔得到地下水（drill作名词“操练，训练“）
22.研究…: do research on / into… = research (on / into)…(research做及物或不及物动词都
可)
23.devote = dedicate（二者用法一样）vt. 奉献，致力于
devote sth to (doing) sth 把…奉献给…/投入给…
devote oneself to (doing) sth = be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于，献身于
24. measure nc.
1) 措施
2) 尺寸，大小，重量等（I took the measure of the desk.给桌子量尺寸）
3）尺度（=standard）（Wealth is not always the measure of success.）
vi./vt.
1）测量measure the speed of the car
2）大小，长度，重量是…(measure+数据) The room measures 6 metres by 4.
3）评价，判断measure one’s ability
25. 以国家或国际标准at a national or international level (level n. 标准，水平，水准)
26. pick out 挑选；辨认出（pick up呢？）
27. draw conclusions 得出结论in conclusion 最后，总之（conclude v. 总结）
28. be included in…被包括在…里
29. flood nc. 洪水，大量，泛滥(a flood of letters 大量涌来的信)
Vt. 淹没，泛滥，大量涌入
Every summer the river floods the field.
Letters of thanks flooded in.
30. pour v. 倒；下倾盆大雨；（人群等）涌出
31. dig up 挖掘（dig-dug-dug）
32. a worldwide problem 一个世界性的问题
33. make (great) progress 取得（很大）进步（progress是不可数名词）
Project
Passage 1
1.face vt./vi. 面对；面向
The house faces (to the) south. 房子朝南。
face environmental problems = be faced with environmental problems 面对环境问题
2.do one’s part to do sth 尽自己的职责做…
3.第三长河：the third longest river
4.引起关注/关心：raise concern （concern在这里是不可数名词“关心，关注”）
raise是及物动词，其他意思：举起，提高；养育，抚养；筹集（资金等）
rise-rose-risen 是不及物动词
5.在国内外：in China and abroad
6.迅速的发展：rapid development
7.人口的增长：an increase in population (…的增加/减少：an increase / a decrease in sth)
在增加/减少中：on the increase / decrease
做动词：增加了/减少了…: increase / decrease by…
增加到/减少到…: increase / decrease to…
8. the amount of ……的数量
a large / small amount of …大量/少量的…
9. rely on / upon …依赖；指望(= depend on / upon)
1) rely on / upon doing (Don’t rely on taking everything from others.)
2) rely on sb to do / for sth
3) rely on it that…放心好了… (Y ou may rely on it that he will come tomorrow.)
Adj. reliable 可靠的，可信赖的
depend on / upon …依赖；取决于…
词组：That / It (all) depends. 那得看情况。
10. 否定词在句首，后面句子要部分倒装：（课文L5）
Nor is it good news for…
11. range n. 范围；一系列v. 在一定范围内变化；排列，排序
the wide range of fish 大范围的鱼within the range of …在…范围内
做动词：range from … to …从…到…变化
range the books on the shelf 排列架子上的书
12. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认，认可
recognize the importance of sth 承认，认可…的重要性
13. deal with / solve / handle the problem 解决问题
How shall we deal with the problem?
注意：what shall we do with the problem?
14. educate sb on/about sth. 教育某人关于某事educate sb. to do sth.
education n. 教育
educated adj. 受过教育的，有教养的educational adj. 与教育有关的
15. 阻止非法捕杀动物：stop the illegal hunting of animals
16. 使野生动物的数量处于危险之中：put the wild animal population in danger
17. 某事在进行中，船在航行中：under way
Under + 名词：表示”在…中”
如：under discussion / debate / repair / consideration / control …
18. 一个水和土壤的保护工程：a water and soil conservation project
几个关于“保护”的词，要分清词性：
conservation n. 保护
preserve / protect v. 保护
reserve n. 保护区（nature reserve）
19. result in …导致result from…因为
result in sb / sth doing 导致某人做…
result in sb / sth done 导致某人被…(result in fewer fish left for us to eat)
20. replace crops with trees or glasses 用树木和草地代替庄稼（退耕还林）
21. success n. 成功(不可数)；成功的人/事情（可数）
取得成功：achieve success He is a success.他是个成功者。
22. 改善环境improve the environment
23. 自然保护区：nature reserve （可数）
24. 世界上最罕见的动物：the rarest animals in the world
25. 最后一次被看见：be last seen (The man was last seen drinking beer last Friday.)
26. 充满希望的：be hopeful that + 句子
27. survive v. 幸存，生还survival n. 幸存，生还survivor n. 生还者
28. 还有很长一段路要走have a long way to go (to do…)
We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems.
29. 关于… in / with regard to … = about … = concerning … (都是介词，后面要加doing)
链接：regardless of …不管，不顾
30. 做…是某人的责任：It is one’s responsibility / duty to do …
31. 深受喜爱/爱戴的：much-loved adj.
32. appreciate v. 欣赏，赞赏；感激
appreciate doing (I really appreciate you / your helping me. 感激)
appreciate it if…如果…将非常感谢（I would appreciate it if you would help me.）appreciation n.
33. effort nc. 努力
make efforts to do 努力做…
make every effort to do 竭尽全力做…
34. 扬子江上的情况正在改善：The situation on the Y angtze River is improving.
Passage 2
1.There is no doubt that…（句型）毫无疑问…
2.blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
回顾：blame sb for (doing) sth. 因某事而责备某人
Sb is to blame (for sth.) 某人(因为某事)应受谴责（不定式的主动式表被动义）3.let off carbon gases 排放二氧化碳气体
拓展：let sth.off (1) 发泄(怒气、不满等) (2)说出(秘密) (3)放(枪、炮) (4)引爆(炸弹) Let sb off (1) 让(某人)下车(2)放过/不惩罚某人
4.put sth into the atmosphere
5.electric VS electrical
electric 电动的，用电操纵或控制的（指事物本身可能带电）electric wire 电线
electrical 跟电有关的（指事物本身不带电）an electrical engineer电气工程师
6.produce electricity 发电
7.比较状语句型：The + 比较级，the + 比较级.
The harder you work, the more likely you will be to succeed.你越努力，就越有可能成功。
8.when possible = when it is possible
类似：if necessary
9.travel long distances 长途旅行
10.public transport 公共交通工具
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213993701.html,e as little energy as possible 尽可能少使用能源
collect as many stamps as possible 尽可能多收集邮票
12.be in use 在使用中
13.in particular 尤其= particularly
14.require小结：
①require sb to do sth: Tom required me to throw the rubbish away. (人称代词是宾格)
②require (that) sb (should ) do sth: Tom required I throw the rubbish away. （人称代词是
主格）
③sth require doing/ to be done: Y our school uniform requires washing/ to be washed.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213993701.html,st but not least 最后但同样重要的是（least前不能加the）
16.absorb：（详见双语报第四期B2版）
①吸收(光、热、气体等) absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳
②理解，领悟，消化It’s hard to absorb what he said.
③使全神贯注We are made to be absorbed in the essay.
be absorbed in 专注于, 沉迷于…
Teenagers are easy to be absorbed in PC games.
17.a sense of satisfaction 满足感
18.do one’s part 尽自己的职责
区别：paly a part 起作用；扮演一个角色
牛津高中英语模块一到模块十单词表 【牛津高中英语模块一词汇表】 enjoyable有乐趣的 experience 经历，体验assembly集会，会议headmaster校长 earn获得；赚，挣得 respect尊敬，敬重 devote致力于；献身 literature 文学 average一般的，普通的；平均的struggle奋斗，努力；挣扎，难事；斗争；努力 challenging具有挑战性的encouragement鼓励 cooking做饭；烹饪，烹调 for free免费 extra 额外的，外加的 fond喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of喜爱，喜欢 Spanish西班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的） sculpture雕像，雕塑 dessert甜点 look back (on)回忆，回顾satisfaction 满意 surf 冲浪 academic学业的，学术的exchange交换；交流 former以前的 graducate毕业生，毕业 fluent流利的 painting绘画，绘画作品 donate捐赠 kindness善意 splendid 极佳的，非常好的independent 独立的 make use of 利用title（书的）名称；（文章的）题目，篇名 dynasty朝代，王朝 somehow 不知为什么；不知怎么地 recent新近的，最近的 professor教授 inform 通知，告知 opening hours开放时间 run管理；操作 host主持人；主人，东道主approve批准，通过；赞成，同意charge使承担责任；收费，负责，掌管 in charge of负责，掌管schoolmate 同学，校友croadcast广播，播放preparation 准备，筹备 event（重要）事件；社交活动；比赛项目 outing短途旅行，远足graduation毕业 poet 诗人 generation一代，一代人 literary文学的 select选择，挑选 courtyard庭院，院子composition作品，成分 act（戏剧的）一幕 curtain窗帘；（舞台上的）帷幕can't wait to do something迫不及待地做某事 soccer <美>英式足球，足球frightened 受惊的；害怕的 be supposed to应该……，应当…… bend（使）弯曲，弯腰，屈身
Unit 5 Music Words and expressions 1. dream v.梦见，做梦(dreamed-dreamed , dreamt –dreamt) cn. 梦，梦想 eg. 他昨晚做了个可怕的梦。He dreamed a terrible dream last night. dream of/about sth. 梦想，梦见… dream of/about doing sth. 梦想做… dream that从句 eg. 当他还小的时候，他梦想着做一个舞蹈家。 When he was young, he dreamed of being a dancer. /When he was young, he dreamed that he would be a dancer 2. pretend v. 假装，假扮 pretend to do sth. 假装做… pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做.. pretend to be sb. /sth. 假装是… eg. 当他妈妈进来时，他假装睡着了。He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 老师进来时我立即假装正在看书。I pretended to be readi ng when the teacher came in. 3. to be honest 说实在的，说实话 =honestly speaking=to tell you the truth=frankly speaking eg. 说实话，我认为我们不会赢。To be honest, I d on’t think we will win. 4. attach v. 系上，附加，连接 attach sth. to sth. 将…附在…上 eg. 在寄信前请在信封上贴上邮票。Attach a stamp to the envelope before you post your letter. attach importance /value to sth. 认为…有重要性/有价值 eg. 中国人很重视教育。C hinese people attach great importance to education. attach to 与…有关系 eg. 我们所有人都认为这件事与他有关系。All of us think thi s matter attached to him. 5. form①v. 使组成,形成,构成 eg. 爱和信任组成了我们的家庭.Love and trust formed our family. form the habit of…养成…的习惯 eg. 他还年轻时就养成了抽烟的习惯.He formed the habit of smoking when he was young. ②n. 形式,状态 be in good form 状态良好out of form 状态欠佳in the form of… 以…的形式 eg. 我们以歌唱的形式纪念我们的祖国. We are honor of our country in the form of singing. 6. earn v. 赚,挣得, 获得 earn money= make money赚钱earn one’s living = make one’s living谋生
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213993701.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
高中英语必修二unit5 music说课稿
高中英语必修二unit5 music说课稿 各位老师：大家好！ 作为一名新课标下的英语老师，让学生愉快地、充满自信地走进我的英语课堂，是我最大的愿望，让学生在我的英语课堂上享受快乐和成功是我孜孜以求的。多年来，我为实现自己的梦想和追求不懈地努力着。今天，借此平台，希望各位老师指导我的说课，是我更加自信的完成老师的使命。 一、说教材内容和学情 我说课的内容选自人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修二第五单元。本单元的话题是Music，它是中学生日常生活中比较感兴趣的话题之一。它中心话题是“音乐”和“音乐类型”，单元的各项活动的设计都是围绕着以音乐类型和不同音乐对人的影响展开的。而对于音乐和音乐家，这种学生感兴趣的话题、与切身相关的情节，很容易就会引起学生们的极大兴趣，因此他们学习的参与性和积极性也会较高。在引导学生阅读前，让学生对不同种类的音乐的英文说法加以熟悉和理解，开阔的学生的视野。而在阅读后，结合现在学生中普遍存在的“选秀热”这一热点问题，引发学生的反思。 我的教学对象是高一学生。高中生思想逐渐成熟，对美的追求和对成功的渴望也越来越强烈，因此课堂中除了关注语言知识学习和语言技能训练外,更应该注重其内心的理解和个人对事物的看法。 二、三维教学目标 根据《新课程标准》关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际，我把教学目标设定为以下几个方面： （一）知识目标和能力目标 学习一些相关的单词、短语和句式,特别是关于音乐种类的词汇和表达对音乐感受的词。比如：动词prefer,feel,enjoy,appreciate,find.calm,形容词 relaxed,sleepy,cheerful,energetic,lively。能用英语表达建议、偏好和爱好。 学生熟悉掌握不同的音乐类型。学会灵活运用课文中的句式，自如的表达自己对音乐的理解和感受，并且从更深一层上去把握不同音乐所表达的不同意义。 （二）情感态度 1.熟悉各种音乐形式，了解音乐在人们生活中的重要性，提高音乐修养 2.从谈论“音乐人的成功”入手使学生了解到做什么事都需要付出艰辛的努力。所谓“台上一分钟，台下十年功”，深化学生的德育教育，进一步激发学生学习的动力。 3.通过开展小组活动，指导学生积极与人合作，相互学习，相互帮助，培养其团队精神。（三）学习策略 学生在一定程度上形成自主学习，利用所教句型和所学知识积极与同学进行真实交流，提高交际策略，培养学生的英语思维表达能力。 三、说教学目标和教学重难点 这一课的重点有两点： 1.新课标要求在语言教学的同时必须能够深化学生的德育教育。因此，如何调动学生的积极性，使学生理解成功来之不易本课的重点之一。在教学过程中教师利用多媒体视频介绍音乐人经过多年的准备和磨练终于取的成功的例子启发学生思考自己的人生：要想拥有美好的人
模块一Unit 1 1 enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的；令人愉快的 2 experience n./vt. 经历，体验 3 assembly n. 集会，会议 4 headmaster n. 校长 5 earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得 6 respect n./vt. 尊敬，敬重 7 devote vt. 致力于；献身 8 literature n. 文学 9 average adj. 一般的，普通的；平均的 10 struggle n. 难事；斗争；努力 vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎 11 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 12 encouragement n. 鼓励 13 cooking n. 做饭；烹饪，烹调 14 for free 免费 15 extra adj. 额外的，外加的 16 fond adj. 喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of 喜爱，喜欢 17 Spanish n./adj. 西班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的） 18 sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑 19 dessert n. 甜点 20 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 21 satisfaction n. 满意 22 surf vt./vi. 冲浪 23 academic adj. 学业的，学术的 24 exchange n./vt. 交换；交流 25 former adj. 以前的 26 graduate vi. 毕业 n. 毕业生， 27 fluent adj. 流利的 28 painting n. 绘画，绘画作品 29 donate vt. 捐赠 30 kindness n. 善意 31 splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的 32 independent adj. 独立的 33 make use of 利用 34 title n. （书的）名称；（文章的）题目，篇名 35 dynasty n. 朝代，王朝 36 somehow adv. 不知为什么；不知怎么地 37 recent adj. 新近的，最近的
牛津高中英语模块五第一单元 Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others Project Giving an oral report (教学设计) 223001 江苏省淮安市清河中学孙勇 Sunyong30@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3213993701.html, Thoughts on the design: 本课是以读引做的“project”。在学生课前完成学案的预习之后，教师及时批改并在课堂上及时反馈，总结归纳学案的完成情况，从学生汇报自己所做的调查表结果开始引发同学们对于友谊的不同看法，然后通过课文“Teenagers’ friendship”的学习，先分析“report”的内容要点，培养学生获取信息的能力，借助于文章信息帮助学生分析这个报告的结构。引导学生写“report”需要注意的事项，并帮助学生复习问卷设计的注意事项。通过学习，学生将能出好一份调查问卷进行调查，并模仿“Teenagers’ Friendship”写一份调查报告并口头呈现给所有同学分享。 Teaching aims: 1. To develop the students’reading ability by reading the article from the school magazine； 2. To get the students to have a deep and clear understanding of different attitudes of boys and girls towards friendship;； 3. To practice Ss’ oral ability by anticipating in the oral report； 4. To improve Ss’ team work spirit by finishing and presenting the project； 5. To improve Ss’ emotional sense of friendship. Focal points: 1. Reading comprehension of the passage. 2.Preparing to give an oral report. Difficult points:Analysis of the strusture of the report. Teaching aids: A questionnaire, a tape recorder, the slide projector Teaching procedures: Step 1 Feedback of the studying plan. 1. Check if the students have remembered the proverb “有志者事竟成”. 2. Get the students to report his facts according to the questionnaire and discuss if there is any difference between boys’ and girls’ friendship. 3. What’s your definition of friendship? (ask boys and girls to answer separately) 4. Do you think boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship? [设计意图] “天天记忆”环节有助于学生背诵一些常用的英语谚语，因为谚语已经成为近几年高考题中的一个考察项目，把谚语背诵落实在日常高一高二基础年级的教学活动中可以让学生轻轻松松地学会很多谚语，日积月累之后到高三总复习时再稍作总结就可以基本上满足高考的要求了。 这个“project”让学生比较男女生的某个差别并作出一个报告。“Project”的文章给我们提供了一个范本。由本单元的话题导入比较自然，同时也讨论了男女生友谊观的差别，为读文章做了铺垫。通过课前学生完成学案中调查表的内容，可以对于文章内容有所预测，同时该调查表也有助于学生设计和完善自己所要进行的调查内容。在上课的一开始，就给学生明确了本节课的目的是要做一个自己的“report”，能引导学生注意模仿书上的例子。
Unit 5 Music The band that wasn’t Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan To be honest, a lot of people a ttach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just how do people form a band Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themse lves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are pa id in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires! However, there was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monke es and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other a s well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organi zers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the band. As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other music ians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to their perfor mances were humourous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkeeswould play and sing songs written by other ,after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing the ir own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started tou ring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mi d-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their form er time as a real band. Book 2 Unit 5 △classical /'kl?sikl/adj. 古典的；古典文艺的 roll /r?ul/ vt. & vi. 滚动；（使）摇摆n. 摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈 △rock’n’roll(rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐 △orchestra /'?:kistr?/ n. 管弦乐队 △rap /r?p/n. 说唱乐 folk /f?uk/ adj. 民间的 jazz /d??z/n. 爵士音乐 △choral /'k?:r?l/ adj. 唱诗班的；合唱队的 △the Monkees /m??ki:z/ 门基乐队 musician /mju:'zi?n/ n. 音乐家 dream of 梦见；梦想；设想
M1 Unit 1 enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的 experience n.＆vt. 经历，体验 assembly n. 集会，会议 headmaster n. 校长 earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得 respect n. ＆vt 尊敬，敬重 devote vt. 致力于；献身 literature n. 文学 average adj. 一般的，普通的；平均的 struggle n. 难事；斗争；努力 vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 encouragement n. 鼓励 cooking n. 做饭；烹饪，烹调 for free 免费 extra adj. 额外的，外加的 fond adj. 喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of 喜爱，喜欢 Spanish n. ＆adj. 西班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的）sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑 dessert n. 甜点 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction n, 满意 surf vt. ＆vi. 冲浪 academic adj. 学业的，学术的 exchange n. ＆vt. 交换；交流 former adj. 以前的 graducate n.毕业生 vi. 毕业 fluent adj. 流利的 painting n. 绘画，绘画作品 donate vt. 捐赠 kindness n. 善意 splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的 independent adj. 独立的 make use of 利用 title n. (书的）名称；（文章的）题目，篇名dynasty n. 朝代，王朝 somehow adv. 不知为什么；不知怎么地 recent adj. 新近的，最近的 professor n. 教授 inform vt. 通知，告知 opening hours 开放时间 run vt. 管理；操作host n. 主持人；主人，东道主 approve vt. ＆vi. 批准，通过；赞成，同意charge n. 负责，掌管 vt.使承担责任；收费 in charge of 负责，掌管 schoolmate n. 同学，校友 croadcast vt. ＆n 广播，播放 preparation n. 准备，筹备 event n.（重要）事件；社交活动；比赛项目outing n. 短途旅行，远足 graduation n. 毕业 poet n. 诗人 generation n. 一代，一代人 literary adj. 文学的 select vt. 选择，挑选 courtyard n. 庭院，院子 composition n. 作品，成分
模块五第一单元复习练习 一、根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列各句。（每小题0.5分，满分20分） 1. Don't p__________ to be an expert since you don’t have much knowledge of it. 2. He can’t help but ___________(承认) stealing my bike. 3.At first, He could not keep p___________ with the game. 4. As we all know, Langlang is ___________（有天赋的、有才华的）in singing. 5. The old lady is very _____________ (小心的，谨慎的) with money. 6. I invited her to come to my party, but she made no r_______ to my invitation. 7. T___________ to my teacher’s help, I passed the math quiz. 8. As you get older, your a__________ towards the world are to change. 9. Y ou have every right to feel b__________ by your friends if she did tell your secrets to others. 10. She had no choice but to____________ (道歉) to him for her being rude. 11.Although he did wrong , yet his mother ____________ (原谅) him. 12.You shouldn’t have said that ,which puts me in an a ________ position. 13.All the eyes were f_______________ on the speaker. 14.You ________(发誓)that you would never see her again that day 15.Older people tend to be very ________(敏感)to cold. 16.Do you have________(代数)every morning? 17.Both adults and children like to watch cartoons just for ________(消遣)． 18.The police are trying to discover the________(身份)of the killer. 19.That uniform makes the guards look________(荒诞的)． 20.We have common ________(话题)to talk about. 21.Our hotel has a ________(全世界的)reputation for good service. 22.It was a ________(宽恕；仁慈)that the whole family survived the earthquake. 23.I kept on struggling forward，even though I knew it was ________(无望的)． 24.The station was closed for two hours because of a ________(安全)alert. 25.We had a surprise math __________ yesterday，I got a good grade in class. 26.Don’t let a small d_________ ruin (破坏) your friendship. 27. --The task is very difficult. -- But there is no difficulty in the world that they cannot o_________.
模块五第一单元基础测试 1. _______ he was the last man I wanted to see, I tried my best to help him. A. As B. While C. Because D. When 2. He always dreams of _________ a chance for him to go abroad for further study. A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. there be 3. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made an ____________. A. apologize B. apology C. excuse D. remark 4. The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his taxi at a sign that _____ “NO PARKING”. A. is read B. reads C. writes D. is written 5. Now that he ______ that he had stolen the money, you should have forgiven him. A. excused B. suffered C. admitted D. offered 6. I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing 7. ---I would like to buy a nice bike. --- Well, we have several models ___________. A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice 8. Sandy could do nothing but ______ his teacher to come. A. wait B. wait for C. to wait D. to wait for 9. The thief stole into the house, ________ by the owner. A. only to be caught B. only being caught C. having been caught D. caught 10. I had meant to tell you about it earlier and called you several times, but I couldn’t ______. A. get over B. get to C. get away D. get through 11. You will find this map ______ in helping you to get round London. A. with great value B. of great valuable C. great valuable D. of great value 12.What is the way Lao Wang thought of _______ enough money to buy the house? A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got 13. Tom pretended _________ it but in fact, he knew it very well. A. not listen to B. not to hear from C. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to 14. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen 15. ---I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing. --- Yes, we’re planning _________. A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it 16. My father promised to give some money and _______ anything I want to.
北师大版高中英语模块一单词表Unit 1 Learning to learn Questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表 matter n. 物质；原因；事件vi. 有关系；要紧partner n. 伙伴；合伙人；配偶 Warm-up lifestyle n. 生活方式 shepherd n. 牧羊人；牧师；指导者 peaceful adj. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的relaxing adj. 令人轻松的推想 stressful adj. 紧张的；有压力的 suppose conj. 假使…结果会怎样vt. 假设；认为；Lesson 1 series n. 系列，连续；[电] 串联；丛书 TV series n. 电视连续剧 cartoon n. 卡通片，[电影] 动画片；连环漫画 talk show脱口秀；访谈节目 complain vi. Vt投诉；发牢骚；诉说 couch vi躺着n. 睡椅，长沙发 couch potato成天躺著或坐在沙发上看电视的人switch n. 开关；转换；鞭子vi. 转换；抽打 switch on接通，开启 switch off关掉；切断（电源） switch over切换转换交换 play n. 游戏；比赛；剧本 vt. 游戏；扮演；演奏；播放；同…比赛BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation) 英国广播公司portable adj. 手提的，便携式的；轻便的 remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的n. 远程remote control远程控制遥控器 workaholic工作狂专心工作的人拼命三郎paperwork n. 文书工作 alarm n. 警报，警告器；惊慌 alarm clock闹钟 go off离开；进行；变质；睡去爆炸动身 take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方) be filled with充满装满vt. 被……充满 urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 personal adj. 个人的；身体的；亲自的document文档文件公文midnight n. 午夜，adj. 半夜的；漆黑的 bored adj. 无聊的；无趣的；烦人的 Lesson 2 stress n. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读 vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于 studio n. 工作室制片厂画室 expert n. 专家；行家；能手adj. 熟练的； suffer vi. vt. 遭受；忍受 suffer from 忍受，遭受；患…病；受…之苦 pressure n. 压力；压迫，[物] 压强 social adj. 社会的，社交的；群居的 reduce vi. vt. 减少；降低；缩小； organize vi. 组织起来；成立组织 vt. 组织；使有系统化； diet饮食节食日常饮食 stand n. 站立；立场；看台；停止vi. 站立；位于；停滞vt. 使站立；忍受；抵抗 prefer vt. 更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升 Lesson 3 volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵adj. 志愿的vt. vi. 自愿graduate毕业生毕业研究生vi. 毕业；渐变 minus prep. 减，减去 n. 负号，减号；不足；负数 basin 盆地流域洗脸盆 challenge n. 挑战；怀疑vt. 向…挑战 support n. 支持；支援，供养；支持者，支撑物 vt. 支持，支撑；扶持，；赡养，供养 dial刻度盘拨号拨 design n. 设计；图案vt. 设计；计划；构思advertisement n. 广告，宣传 presentation n. 描述，陈述；介绍；赠送 solve解决解答求解 Lesson 4 accountant n. 会计师；会计人员 tube n. 管；电子管；隧道；电视机 crowded adj. 拥挤的；塞满的 nearby prep. 在…附近adj. 附近的，邻近的adv. 在附近otherwise adv. 否则；另外；在其他方面 forecast n. 预测，预报vt. vi预报，预测；预示.
Unit 1 △ cultural /'k?lt??r?l/ adj. 文化的 △ relic /'relik/ n. 遗物；遗迹；纪念物 rare /rε?/ adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的valuable /'v?lju?bl/ adj. 贵重的；有价值的 survive /s?'vaiv/ vi. 幸免；幸存；生还 vase /vɑ:z/ n. 花瓶；瓶 dynasty /'din?sti, 'dai-/ n. 朝代；王朝 △Taj Mahal /ta:d? m?'ha:l/ 泰姬陵 △ ivory /'aiv?ri/ n. 象牙 △ dragon /'dr?ɡ?n/n. 龙 △ amber /'?mb?/ n. 琥珀；琥珀色 in search of 寻找 △Frederick William I /'fredrik 'wilj?m 'f?:st/ 腓特烈·威廉一世(普鲁士国王) △Prussia /'pr???/ n.(史)普鲁士(位于北欧) amaze /?'meiz/ vt. 使吃惊；惊讶 amazing /?'meizi?/ adj. 令人吃惊的 select /si'lekt/ vt. 挑选；选择 honey /'h?ni/ n. 蜜；蜂蜜 design /di'zain/ n. 设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思 fancy /'f?nsi/ adj. 奇特的；异样的 vt. 想象；设想；爱好 style /stail/ n. 风格；风度；类型 decorate /'dek?reit/ v. 装饰；装修 jewel /'d?u:?l/ n. 珠宝；宝石 artist /'ɑ:tist/n. 艺术家 belong /bi'l??/ vi. 属于；为……的一员 belong to 属于 △Peter the Great 彼得大帝(俄国皇帝) in return 作为报答；回报 △Czar /'za:/ n.沙皇 troop /tru:p/ n. 群；组；军队 △St Petersburg /s?nt 'pi:t?zb?:g/ n．圣彼得堡 (俄罗斯城市) reception /ri'sep?n/ n. 接待；招待会；接收 △CatherineⅡ /'k?θ？rin e? 'sek?nd/ 叶卡捷琳娜二世(俄国女皇) at war 处于交战状态 remove /ri'mu:v/ vt. 移动；搬开 less than 少于 wooden /'wudn/ adj. 木制的 doubt /daut/ n. 怀疑；疑惑vt. 怀疑；不信△K?nigsberg /'k?:nisb?:g/ n.哥尼斯堡 (俄罗斯港市Kaliningrad的旧称) △the Baltic Sea /'b?:ltik 'si:/ 波罗的海 △ mystery /'mistri ;US 'mist?ri/ n. 神秘；神秘的事物 former /'f?:m?/ adj. 以前的；从前的 worth /w?:θ/ prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值 n. 价值；作用adj. /古/ 值钱的△ rebuild /ri:'bild/ vt. 重建 local /'l?ukl/ adj. 本地的；当地的 apart /?'pɑ:t/adv. 分离地；分别地 take apart 拆开 △Leningrad /'leningr?d/ n.列宁格勒(苏联城市) painting /'peinti?/ n. 绘画；画castle /'kɑ:sl/ n. 城堡 △Windsor /'winz?/ Castle 温莎城堡(英国着名城堡) trial /'trai?l/ n. 审判；审讯；试验 △ eyewitness /ai 'witnis/ n. 目击者；证人 evidence /'evid?ns/ n. 根据；证据 △ Jan Hasek /'j?n 'h?z?k/ 简·哈兹克(男名) △Czech Republic /'t?ek ri'p?blik/ 捷克共和国(东欧国家) explode /ik'spl?ud/ vi. 爆炸 entrance /'entr?ns/ n. 入口 △Hans Braun /'h?nz 'br?:n/ 汉斯·布朗(男名) sailor /'seil?/ n. 水手；海员；船员 sink (sank,sunk; sunk,sunken) /si?k/ vi. 下沉；沉下 maid /meid/ n. 少女；女仆 △Berlin /b?: 'lin/ n. 柏林(德国首都) think highly of 看重；器重 informal /in'f?:ml/ adj. 非正式的 debate /di'beit/ n. 争论；辩论vi. 争论；辩论 Unit 2 ancient /'ein??nt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 compete /k?m'pi:t/ vi. 比赛；竞争 competitor /k?m'petit?/ n. 竞争者 take part in 参加；参与 medal /'medl/ n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章 stand for 代表；象征；表示 △mascot /'m?sk?t; 'm?sk?t/ n. 吉祥物 Greece /gri:s/ n. 希腊 Greek /gri:k/ adj. 希腊(人)的；希腊语的 n.希腊人；希腊语 magical /'m?d?ikl/ adj. 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的volunteer /v?l?n'ti?/ n. 志愿者；志愿兵 adj. 志愿的；义务的 vt. & vi. 自愿 homeland /'h?uml?nd/ n. 祖国；本国 regular /'reɡjul?/ adj. 规则的；定期的；常规的 basis /'beisis/ n. (pl bases) 基础；根据 athlete /'?θli:t/ n. 运动员；运动选手 admit /?d'mit/ vt. & vi. 容许；承认；接纳 slave /sleiv/ n. 奴隶 nowadays /'nau?deiz/ adv. 现今；现在 gymnastics /d?im'n?stiks/ n. (pl) 体操；体能训练 △athletics /?θ'letiks/n. (pl) 体育运动；竞技 stadium /'steidi?m/ n. （露天大型）体育场 (pl stadiums or stadia) gymnasium (gym) /d?im'neizi?m/ (/d?im/) n. 体育馆；健身房 as well 也；又；还 host /h?ust/ vt. 做东；主办；招待n. 主人responsibility /ri sp?ns?'bil?ti/ n. 责任；职责 △olive /'?liv/ n. 橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色△wreath /ri:θ/ n. 花圈；花冠；圈状物 replace /ri'pleis/ vt. 取代；替换；代替 motto /'m?t?u/ n. 座右铭；格言；警句 swift /swift/ adj. 快的；迅速的 △similarity /sim?'l?r?ti/ n. 相像性；相似点