机械专业英语汉译英 (1)

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机械学英语
机械学（Mechanical Engineering）涉及广泛的工程领域，涵盖机械设计、制造、材料、热力学、控制等多个方面。

以下是一些常见的机械学英语术语及其解释：
1. Mechanical Engineering - 机械工程
2. Thermodynamics - 热力学
3. Fluid Mechanics - 流体力学
4. Mechanics - 力学
5. Materials Science - 材料科学
6. Manufacturing Processes - 制造工艺
7. Control Systems - 控制系统
8. Robotics - 机器人技术
9. Kinematics - 运动学
10. Dynamics - 动力学
11. Statics - 静力学
12. Heat Transfer - 热传导
13. Machine Design - 机械设计
14. CAD/CAM - 计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造
15. Vibration Analysis - 振动分析
16. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) - 有限元分析
17. Hydraulics - 液压学
18. Pneumatics - 气动学
19. Turbomachinery - 涡轮机械
20. Engineering Drawing - 工程制图
这些术语是在机械工程领域中常见的英语专业术语，涵盖了机械工程学科的各个方面。

深入学习这些术语可以帮助理解和掌握机械工程相关的知识和技术。

一词汇a 英译汉Dimension 尺寸Machine tool Adhesiveness Compound rest复合刀具台机床粘性Apron 挡板，Climb-cut Peripheral milling Slab milling阔面铣削同向铣削Centerless grinding无心轮磨Machinery Cylindrical hole Snag 障碍机械圆柱孔Coarseness 粗糙度Up-milling逆铣Abrasive belt磨带Profile Machine table剖面机表Rectilinear Protecctive guards 直线防护String milling连续铣削b 汉译英刚度，硬度hardess 圆柱形端铣刀cylindric end mill 进给速度feed speed 托架bracket软刚，低碳钢mild steel沉头螺钉sunk screw螺线spiral 平面磨surface grind镗床boring machine 摩擦离合器friction clutch多刃刀具multipoint tool 牛头刨床shaping machine被动皮带轮Passive pulley润滑油lubricating oil燕尾槽dovetail groove 卡盘chuck材料去除装备Material removal equipment插入式磨削Plug-in grinding冷却液coolant 床头箱headstock二翻译句子1) The slides a nd slideways of a machine tool locate and guide members which move relative to each other,usually changing the position of the tool relative to the workpiece.车刀机床的滑块和滑道s使定位和导向构件之间将对移动，常常用于改变工件与工作台的相对位置2）In order to maintain a constant angular velocity, the individual tooth profile must obey the fundamental law of gearing: for a pair of gears to transmit a constant angular velocity ratio, the shape of their contacting profile must be such that the common normal passes through a fixed point on the line of the centers为了维持一个恒定的角速度,单个齿廓必须遵守啮合基本定律:对于一对以固定角速度传动的齿轮,他们的传动比两轮连心线被齿廓接触点公共法线分割的两顿先吨的反比3）Plain milling cutters are adapted to cut by teeth with cutting edges situatued on the surface of a cylinder which can be circumscribed on cutter. face mills are adapted to cutting by teeth with cutting edges situated on the surface of the mill and partially on its cylindrial surface平铣刀适用于使用位于圆柱面上的齿上的切削刃工作的铣削，平面铣刀适用于使用位于铣刀表面和其部分圆柱面的齿上的切削刃做的铣削4）Pressures angles for spur gear are usually 14.5 or 20 degrees, although other values can be used. Meshing gears must have the same pressure angles.虽然其他值也也可以使用，但齿轮的压力角经常为14.5度或20度，相啮合的齿轮必须有相同的压力角5）The cross section of the milled surface corresponds to the outline or contour of the milling cutter or combination of cutters used.加工表面的界面要与使用的刀具或组合刀具的外轮廓一致6）Lets us now discuss the different concepts associated with the manufacturing accuracy required modern mass-production technologies.让我们来讨论有关现代大规模生产技术所要求的制造精度的不同概念。

机械工程专业英语复习词汇：fundamental deviation 基本偏差bumper 保险杠，缓冲器，阻尼器，减震器temper 回火（一种热处理）interdisciplinary 各学科之间的，边缘学科的，多种学科的thermodynamics 热力学antiskid 防滑的，防滑轮胎纹pneumatic 气动的，气压的，充气的subassembly 组件，部件，局部装配，组件装置assembly drawing装配图manufacturing cycle意为“制造周期”dynamics 动力学，原动力，动力特性mating surface啮合表面，配合表面pulley 滑轮，皮带轮，滚筒journal bearing滑动轴承spall 削，割，打碎，剥落，脱皮；”．裂片，碎片momentum 动量、冲量threaded fastener 螺纹紧固件screw driver螺丝刀，螺丝起子，改锥socket wrench套筒扳手torsional 扭转的，扭力的statically indeterminate静不定的，超静定的through-harden 全部硬化，穿透淬火，淬透tribology 摩擦学triaxial 三轴的，三维的，空间的indentation 压痕，凹痕contaminant 污染物，杂质hydrostatical 流体静力（学）的，液压静力的viscous 黏的，黏性的，黏稠的boundary lubricarion边界润滑intermittent 间歇的，继续的．周期性的shock absorber意为“减震器”part list零件表，材料清单，明细表orthographic projection意为“正投影”maximum material condition (MMC)意为“最大实体状态gearbox 齿轮箱power transmission 动力传送/动力传动装置static load-carrying capacity 静态承载能力dynamics动力学/原动力/动力特性critical speed 临界转速interference fit 过盈配合ball or roller bearing 球轴承或滚子轴承resonant vibration 共振rotatable shaft 可以转动的轴，从动轴rotating shaft 转动的轴，主动轴assignable causes 系统原因mechanical advantage 机械效益，机械增益percentage elongation 延伸百分率yield strength 屈服强度conical spring washer 锥形弹簧垫圈production facility 生产设备gauge length 标距长度/计量长度corrosion resistance 耐蚀性，耐腐蚀性high limit 上限，上限尺寸tolerance zone 公差带principal of lever and inclined plane 杠杆原理和斜面原理stress concentration 应力集中tapped hole 螺纹孔basic hole system 基孔制thread pattern 轮胎花纹flexible coupling 弹性联轴器fretting corrosion 微动腐蚀课本：13页（前5段）、26页（不带序号的部分）、27页（不带序号的部分）、34页（前2段）、90页、112页的内容1、考试题型：一、（词汇）英译汉二、（词汇）汉译英三、选择填空四、阅读理解五、判断六、翻译。

1、汉译英1)直流电路direct current circuits2)放大器（扩音器）amplifier3)模拟电子技术analog electronics4)半导体二极管semiconductor diode5)晶体管效应transistor effect6)微处理器microprocessor7)电气工程electrical engineering8)能源工程（或电力工程）power engineering9)通信工程telecommunications engineering10)内部器件internal devices11)电子元件electrical components12)欧姆定律Ohm law13)限制电流limit current14)分压器voltage divider15)晶体管偏置电路transistor biasing circuits16)阻碍电流block DC current17)存储点能store electrical energy18)感抗inductive reactance19)绝缘材料insulating material20)交流阻抗AC resistancea)通用仪表general-purpose meterb)模拟仪表analog meterc)交换测试笔reverse the test leadsd)机械调节mechanical adjuste)测量电阻measure resistancef)正向电压positive voltageg)测量电流measure currenth)电压幅度voltage amplitudei)双踪示波器dual-trace oscilloscopej)信号发生器signal generator21)PN结PN junction22)三极管bipolar transistor23)电子和空穴electron and hole24)稳压电源electronic power supply或steady DC voltage source25)桥式整流器bridge rectifier26)脉冲直流电pulsating DC27)二极管的正极anode of diode28)峰值电压peak voltage29)电容滤波器capacitor filter30)充电和放电charge and discharge31)稳压管Zener diode32)电器电子工程师学会IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)33)专业技术组织technical professional association34)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s V oltage Law35)电压源voltage sources36)电荷守恒定律the law of conservation of electric charge37)在每一瞬时at every instant of time38)元件两端的电压voltages across elements39)无线电传输radio transmission40)频率调制或调频frequency modulation41)频域the frequency domain42)线性电阻linear resistor43)调幅波形amplitude modulation wave44)专用集成电路（ASIC）45)快速时间响应fast response time46)有效信号valid signal47)十进制数字系统decimal system48)逻辑运算logic operation1)控制信号线the control bus2)中断线interrupt lines1)结构化语言structured language2)局部变量local variables3)副作用side effect4)汇编语言指令assembly language instructions1)静止图像still image2)阴极射线管，显像管CRT or the cathode ray tube3)像素pixel4)电子束electron beam2、英译汉1)assembler language汇编语言2)alternating current circuits交流电路3)passive electrical circuits无源电路4)three phase circuits三相电路5)digital electronics数字电子技术6)logic gates逻辑门7)3D virtual reality image三维虚拟图像8)computer programming计算机编程9)major in（在大学里）主修10)advanced programming techniques高级编程技术1)known as capacitive reactance称为容抗2)with units ohms单位为欧姆3)prevent device from burning out防止器件烧掉4)has an AC resistance to AC current对交流电流由阻抗5)adjustment with a screw用一个螺丝调节6)in the shape of a cylinder 呈圆柱形式7)block DC current，but pass AC current阻直流通交流8)to vary the inductance改变电感9)be given by the formula 由公式给出10)the RF amplifier 音频放大器1)analog multimeter模拟万用表2)extended range扩展范围3)specific meters特殊仪表4)includes the function and range switches具有功能及范围选择旋钮5)present an electronic picture呈现一幅电子图像6)display the voltage waveform显示电压波形7)appear on the screen在屏幕上出现8)phase relationships相位关系9)an example例如，作为一个例子10)in series with the circuit串连接入电路1)Semiconductor material半导体材料2)forward biased正向偏置3)depend on the external circuit resistance取决于外部电路的电阻4)excessive reverse-biased voltage过高的反偏电压5)is directly proportional to the amount ofbase current是正比于基极电流6)may even appear almost as a short几乎可看成是短路7)cause stability problems for a transistorcircuit引起晶体管电路的稳定性问题8)digital technology数字技术9)the most popular technology最常用的技术10)use two complementary typeset oftransistors N-channel and P-channel用两种互补型的晶体管——N沟道和P沟道1)equipment operation设备的运行2)device that converts AC into DC把交流电转换成直流电的器件3)the power lines电源线4)depending on the value of DC voltageneeded 根据所需要的直流电压值5) a half-wave rectifier平波整流器6)so as to produce a constant DC output从而产生一个稳定的直流输出7)in the negative side of the capacitor在电容的负极8)flow through the load流过负载9)in the forward-biased condition在加正向偏置电压的条件下10) a series（current-limiting）resistor一个串联（限制电流）电阻1)current source电流源2)under this circumstance在这种情况下3)present the second of Kirchhoff’s laws给出基尔霍夫第二定律4)introduce the concept of a “loop”引入“回路”的概念5)An alternative statement of KVLKVL的另一种表述法6)voltages algebraically sum电压代数和7)sinusoidal steady-syate response正弦稳态响应8)ordinary household voltage日常用电的电压9)time-invariant circuit时不变电路10)percentage of modulation调制百分比reduce the power consumption减小消耗功率flip-flop 触发器the octal and hexadecimal systems当时钟脉冲信号来到时改变状态①直流电路direct current circuits②放大器（扩音器）amplifier③欧姆定律Ohm law④正极positive electrode⑤充电与放电Charge and discharge⑥无线电传输Radio transmission⑦模拟仪表Analogue Meters⑧模拟电子技术analog electronics⑨半导体二极管semiconductor⑩晶体管效应transistor effect⑪微处理器microprocessor⑫通信工程telecommunications engineering ⑬汇编语言assembler language⑭电子元件electrical components⑮限制电流limit current⑯分压器voltage divider⑰偏置电路biasing circuits⑱阻碍电流block DC current⑲感抗inductive reactance⑳容抗capacitive21正向电压positive voltage22扩展范围extended range23电压波形voltage waveform24连接入电路in series with the circuit25PN结PN junction 26三极管bipolar transistor27电子与空穴electron and hole28半导体材料semiconductor material29正向偏置forward biased30数字技术digital technology31桥式整流器bridge rectifier32稳压管Zener diode33电源线the power lines34在电容的负极in the negative side of the capacitor 在加正向偏置的条件下in the forward-biased condition一个串联电阻 a series (current-limiting)resistor35电压源voltage sources36在每一瞬时at every instant of time37无线电传输radio transmission38频率调制或调频frequency modulation39快速时间响应fast response time40有效信号valid signal41结构化语言structured language42局部变量local variables43副作用side effect44静止图像still image45阴极射线管pixel46电子束electron beam1.resistors are used to limit current flowing to adevice ,thereby preventing it from burning out, as voltage dividers to reduce voltage for other circuits, as transistor biasing circuits, and to serve as circuit loads.电阻常用做限流器，限制流过器件的电流防止烧坏器件，电阻也可用作分压器，以减小其他电路电压，还可以用在晶体管偏执电路中和作为电路负载。

93.oil-level dipstick油尺
94.pinch bar撬杠
95.power slip动力卡瓦
96.ring gasket钢圈
97.ring spanner梅花扳手
98.rotary table转盘
99.screw driver螺丝刀
100.seamless pipe无缝钢管
101.shock absorber减震器
23.buttress-thread梯形扣
24.butterfly valve蝶阀
25.by-pass旁通
26.choke line阻流管线
27.choke valve节流阀
28.clutch离合器
29.dead line死绳
30.direct current drive直流电驱动
31.drawworks motor绞车电机
32.drift mandrel通径规
33.drilling line (work line)钻井大绳
34.driving chain传动链条
35.drum滚筒
36.drum clutch滚筒离合器
37.elevator link吊卡耳环
38.elevator-spider吊卡-卡瓦
39.eye plate吊耳，吊环
144.Blowing motor风机马达
145.Drive shaft驱动轴
146.Driven shaft从动轴
147.Input shaft输入轴
148.Output shaft输出轴
149.Master bushing大补芯
150.High Speed Clutch高速离合器
151.Low Speed Clutch低速离合器

一·词汇英译汉or汉译英•Upstream sector 上游部分•midstream sector 中游部分•downstream sector 下游部分•petroleum industry 石油工业•contractor 承包商（乙方）•operator 拥有者（甲方）•exploitation 开发•exploration 勘探•natural gas liquid 凝析油•trap 圈闭•sandstone 砂岩•limestone 石灰岩•dolomite白云岩•seismic survey 地震勘探•rock layer 岩层•development well 开发井•producing well 生产井•wildcat 初探井（野猫井）•vertical well 垂直井•directional well 定向井•horizontal well 水平井•sedimentary rocks沉积岩•oil-bearing formation含油层•infill drilling加密钻井•waterflooding 水驱•primary recovery一次采油•secondary recovery二次采油•tertiary recovery三次采油•light oil轻油•heavy oil重油•miscible flooding混相驱•API美国石油协会•Recovery method开采方法•Identified crude oil reserves探明石油储量•British petroleum (BP)英国石油公司•OPEC石油输出国组织•Well drilling钻井•non-renewable resource不可再生资源•oil transport and storage石油储运•rock cuttings 岩石碎片•chips 钻屑•core 岩心•sedimentary basin 沉积盆地•compaction 压实作用•overlying rock layers 上覆岩层•source rock 生油岩层•permeable可渗透的•permeability渗透率•seep油苗•outcrop露头•hydrocarbon-bearing含油气的•cuttings钻屑，岩屑•drilling fluid 钻井液•porosity孔隙度•coring bit取芯钻头•core v.取（岩）芯&n.岩芯•gas cap气顶•oil leg油柱，油藏含油部分•water-saturated水饱和的•oil-saturated油饱和的•normal fault正断层•structural fault trap构造断层圈闭•salt dome盐丘•overlying rock layers上覆岩层•fold褶皱•anticlines背斜•synclinstratigraphic pinch-out地层尖灭•reef 生物礁•thrust fault 挤压断层/ 逆冲断层reservoir feature 油藏特性reservoir configuration 油藏形态、油藏结构sedimentary basin 沉积盆地depressed area 沉降区、凹陷区time scale 地质年代表tectonic plate 构造板块fossil fuel 矿物燃料terrestrial plant 陆生植物impermeable formation 不渗透地层drilling fluid 钻井液gas cap 气顶normal fault 正断层anticline 背斜pinch out 尖灭in term of 根据, 按照, 用...的话, 在...方面trace 痕迹, 踪迹, 微量, vt.描绘, 映描, 追踪, 回溯, vanadium 钒nickel镍molecular compound：分子化合物straightforward 正直的, 坦率的, 简单的source 生成环境geographical location 地理位置major group 主族subgroup 亚类,亚组,亚族saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃general formula 通式normal temperature 常温viscous liquid 粘性液体atomic composition 原子组成molecular weight 分子量straight-chain 直链branched-chain 支链up to 达到，一直到，等于normal paraffin 正链烷烃boiling point 沸点equivalent weight 当量isoparaffin 异链烷烃reservoir rock：储集岩，储油岩层porous rock：多孔岩石natural quality：自然属性essential：adj.本质的,重要的，根本的，必需的porous media：多孔介质porous medium：多孔介质，孔隙介质cope with：v.与...竞争, 应付Conventionally：adv.按照惯例, 照常套, Symbolize：vt.象征, 用符号表现Morphological：地貌的，形态的，形态学的Catenary: 连通孔隙Cul-de-sac：死端孔隙Closed：封闭孔隙effective porosity：有效孔隙度sandstone reservoir：砂岩储层skeletal grain：骨骼颗粒carbonate reservoir：碳酸盐储层induced porosity：次生孔隙，次生孔隙度moldic porosity；印模孔隙度vuggy porosity：溶孔孔隙度fabric selective：选择性组构matrix：基质cross cut：横切[锯, 割]cavernous porosity：孔洞孔隙度drill string：钻杆柱，钻具组，钻柱crouch：vi.蜷缩, 蹲伏crouched ：抱膝的mud log：泥浆录井Requirement：n.需求, 要求, 必要条件carry out：v.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行formulate：vt.用公式表示, v.阐明达西定律：Darcy equation，Darcy law，Darcy's law pressure drop：压降：压力降cross section area：横截面积cross section：横截面，截面，断面effective permeability：有效渗透率designate：任命, 指定, 指派，表示with respect to：关于, 至于mixed wettability：混合润湿性intermediate wettability：中性润湿性Plot up：打印irreducible water saturation：束缚水饱和度exceed：vt.超越, 胜过irrespective of：adj.不顾, 不考虑expel ：v.驱逐,排出，挤出，消除，排除fluid invasion：流体侵入Uniformly：adv.一律地, 均一地water saturation：含水饱和度pressure drop：压降：压力降cross section area：横截面积inert gas ：惰性气体Molecule mean free paths ：分子平均自由程Vertical permeability ：垂向渗透率Relative Permeability ：相对渗透率effective Permeability ：有效渗透率kelinkenberg effect ：克林肯柏格效应mixed wettability：混合润湿性intermediate wettability：中性润湿性surface tension ：表面张力capillary pressure ：毛管压力displacement pressure：排替压力，驱替压力irreducible water saturation：束缚水饱和度达西定律：Darcy equation，Darcy law，Darcy's law as far as know：n.据我所知located：定位的，设置的，布置好rock bit：牙轮钻头vertical drilling：垂直钻进directional drilling：定向钻进，定向钻井horizontal drilling：水平钻井，水平钻探take into consideration：v.考虑到reserve pit：备用泥浆池，泥浆储备池cellar：钻机平台下的井口圆井或方井well site：井场drilling platform：钻井平台blowout preventer；防喷器make provision for：为...作好准备，为...预先采取措施water supply：给水工程，供水water well：水井spud in：开钻conductor casing：导管conductor hole：导管井孔cement job：固井作业stabilize：使稳定，使稳固（亦作：stabilise）attachment：附属装置,附着物，连接物making hole：钻进，钻井，建井deep well：深井Engine：发动机，引擎，机器，机车，机械prime mover：原动机diesel：柴油，柴油机turn：转动, 旋转six-sided：六边的so that：所以, 因要grip：vt.紧握, 紧夹rotary table：转盘circular：圆周的圆形的，环形的，循环的，圆的table：表格，表，桌，工作台，图表derrick floor：井架平台，钻台fit into：v.适合kelly bushing：方钻杆补心joint：单根make a connection：接单根kink：变折，曲折Screw：n.螺丝钉, vt.调节,.转动, 旋, 拧tricone bit：三牙轮钻头make a trip：起下钻pull out：v.拔出, 离开, 度过难关, 恢复健康stack：n.堆, 一堆, 堆栈v.堆叠，叠存pull out of hole：从井中起出put back：v.放回原处, 向后移, 推迟, 倒退rig time：设备运转时间，钻井时间pick off：v.摘掉，拣出，分级，精选，摘取blooey line：岩屑排出管路Subsurface pressure：地下压力，井内压力explosive mixture：爆裂混合物，可爆炸的混合物oil well：油井gas well：气井concentric tube：同心管string：管柱，套管柱，字符串conductor pipe：导管surface pipe：表层套管intermediate casing：中间套管，技术套管production casing：生产套管，油层套管freshwater formation：淡水建造loose sand：疏松砂岩，疏松砂层gravel：砾，砾石fall into：v.落入,进入setting depth：下入深度，坐封深度，完成深度troublesome zone：故障地带，易发生复杂情况的层带producing formation：含矿层，产油层，生产层case off：套管封隔，下管入井，下套管pay zone：产油带Liner：衬管，尾管all the way：adv.从远道, 自始至终, 一路上by means of：adv.依靠slip：卡瓦liner hanger：衬管悬挂器，尾管悬挂器run in：下入井中，下钻具，下套管production well：生产井，开采井，采油井flowing well：自喷井plug：vt.堵, 塞It 在此指代tubingpacker：封隔器keep away from：远离well fluid：井产流体，产液量，井液collapsing：压扁，压平，压坏，破裂，断裂crossflow：窜流，层间窜流interval：层段，井段oil-bearing：含油的barefoot completion：裸眼完井，裸眼终孔unrestricted：adj.无限制的, 自由的open wellbore：裸孔limestone reservoir：灰岩储层，灰岩储集层low pressure：低压as far as：adv.远到, 直到,到...为止。

英译汉1.tolerance公差 puter-aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造 3.numerically controlled machines数控机床 4.necking颈缩 5.turning，drilling and boring operation 6.formability and machinability成形与可加工性 7.assembly lines装配线 8.dimensional accuracy尺寸精度 9.cross-sectional area横截面积 10.percentage elongation伸长率 11.structural strength结构强度 12.stress-strain curver应力应变曲淬火和内应力 14.earthmoving and construction equipment线 13.quenching and internal stresses土建设备 15.straightening operation 16.cracking and distortoon断裂和扭曲变形 17.light service at fractional horsepower小马力轻载 18.screw pump螺杆泵 19.steel sheet and rolled-steel shapes钢板和滚压成型钢 20.straightening operation矫正操作 21.sensing devices 传感器 21.digital or pulse motor数字与脉冲马达 22.drilling钻 boring齿轮加工镗 reaming铰 gear-cutting operations齿轮加工汉译英1.切削刀具cutting tools 2.紧固件，如螺母fasteners such as nuts 3.刚和铸铁steels and cast irons 4.马氏体和奥氏体martensite and autenite 5.机械特性mechanical properties puter-aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造 7.数控系统numerically controlled systems 8.大批量生产技术mass production techology 9.控制单元control units 10.靠模附件profiling attachment 11.弹性模量和伸长率elastic modulus and percentage elongation 12.规模经济economy of scale 13.闭环系统close-loop system 14.有色金属non-ferrous 15.液压系统hydraulic system 16.弹性和屈服极限elastic and yield limit 17.龙门刨工作台低碳钢和合金钢low-carbon steel and alloy steel 18.pianner-table 短句：1、low carbon steels do not become hard when subjected to such a heat treatment, because of the sma ll amount of carbon contained.当经历热处理、低碳钢不会变硬、因为含有少量碳。

借用物品名称的专业术语
英语 coat cap shoe cup bed bench house disk desk table 日常用语意义 外衣 帽子 鞋子 杯子 床 长凳 房子 唱片 书桌 桌子 机械专业术语意义 镀层 轴承盖，罩壳 闸瓦，履带片 皮碗，轴套 底座，机床身 拉床，钳工台 箱体，罩 硬磨盘 控制屏 放料盘
借用动物名称的专业术语英语日常用语意义机械专业术语意义pig金属锭块dog吊锚履带拖拉机cock公鸡旋塞吊车horse支架铁杆fish接合板夹板snake斑点monkey猴子活动板手起重机小车fox狐狸绳索bird飞机火箭英语日常用语意义机械专业术语意义coat外衣镀层cap帽子轴承盖罩壳shoe鞋子闸瓦履带片cup杯子皮碗轴套bed底座机床身bench长凳拉床钳工台house房子箱体罩disk唱片硬磨盘desk书桌控制屏table桌子英语日常用语意义机械专业术语意义eye吊钩mouth喷嘴hand手柄指针finger手指厚薄规foot支座head冒口刀架neckbody身体机身hair头发游丝tooth牙齿粗糙面借用借用人体器官人体器官名称的专业术语名称的专业术语1在人称的使用上强调文章的客观性汉语中常使用笔者我们本文而不使用我来充当得出某一结论的主语
科技英语词汇特点
（1） 专业术语多。 （2） 准专业术语和词汇多。
专业术语的特点
a. 词形较长，大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、 词缀。这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄，意义较为明确固 定，符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。如：nucleonics (核 子学)，semisomnus (半昏迷)，autoradiography (自动射 线照相术)，excoriation (表皮脱落)等。 b. 多复合词。人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合 词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物，如radiophotography (无线电传真)，anti-armored fighting vehicle missile(反装 甲车导弹) 等。 c. 多缩略词。为使用便利和节省时间，科技英语同经贸英 语一样，也有许多缩略词，如cpd (compound化合物)， FM (frequency modulation调频)，telesat (telecommunications satellite通讯卫星)等。

1.an A330 aircraft in the 4-bay hangar.A. There areB. There isC. There be2.The supervisor knows an engineer knows the system best.A. w homB. whoC. to who3.The faulty flap in the extended position.A.must secureB. must be securedC. must to secure4. A pilot is always responsible the safety conditions of the flight.A. atB. forC. by5.The aircraft may be towed into the hangar if the work at the last.A.can be not doneB. not can be doneC. can not be done6.He was transferred to other department last year.A. inB. onC. at7.until midnight is bad for your health.A. You are workingB. To workC. You work8.The fuel tank lesk.A. must notB. doesn ’t h ave toC. don’t have to9.He must learn hard and material.A. to work ….savingB. to work ……to saveC. working……to save10., there are 3 items for every team.A. Above averageB. In averageC. for average11.We are our skills by doing our daily work carefully.A. improvedB. improveC. improving12.Finally, we delivered the airplane ________we had overhauled to the customer ontime.A. whereB. w hatC. that13.How many times you been to the Germany?A. hasB. didC. have14.The structure is a steel bar.A. 2 meters longB. 2 meter longC. 2 meter’s long15.What the temperature yesterday?A. isB. wasC. were16.Be sure for the meeting.A. don’t be lateB. not be lateC. not to be late17.The new version of 737 less fuel than be old ones.A. will be consumedB. consumeC. consuming18.The plane has t o leave 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. We must be ready .A. at…. in the early morningB. on…in the afternoonC. in…late in theevening19.This light illuminates the valve is closed.A. whenB. thatC. but20.you give up trying now, you will never regret it.A. IfB. WhenC. Where英译汉：1.The limits help you find if the part can continue to use or if you must remove andrepair it.2.Except for the external power contactor and the generator, the relays, main circuitbreakers, and other major components are in the load control center panel P6.3.T he light on the overhead panel can come on if either one or both of theseconditions occur.4.There is an input failure from the air data computer.5.W hen the job is done, mark the item with your name in the correct column.6.All t he p reparation w ork s hould b e c ompleted p rior t o s tarting t he r epair.7.T ransfer the serviceable part to material store.8.M ake sure the pressure in the bottle reaches up to 30 psi.9.T here is no power with external power available.10.The damage has been confirmed within the limitation.汉译英：1.如果发现腐蚀超过20 平方英寸，则更换面板。

一、汉译英载荷：load内应力internal stress灵敏度sensitivity疲劳强度fatigue strength铣床milling machine供水系统water supply system进料速度feedrate闭合序列closed sequence专家系统expert systemCAE computer –aided engineering 二、英译汉impurity杂志machinability加工性能sound judgement正确的判断力dynamic load动载荷lathe车床vertical support垂直支撑speed indicator速度表machine vision机器视觉manipulator操纵器三、句子汉译英1、金属和合金的差异一般很难界定。

The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear out. 2、钢的冷成型性是由它的拉伸强度与延展性共同决定的。

The cold-formability of steel is a function of its tensile strength combined with ductility.3、当承载时，材料将发生变形，变形量取决于载荷的大小。

A material tends to change or changes its dimensions when it is loaded ,depending upon the magnitude of the load.4、机电一体化是一个用于描述机械和电子工程集成的术语。

“Mechatronics”is a term to describe the integration of mechanical and electronical engineering.5、机器人执行的工作可分为两类：危险性工作和重复性工作。

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adj. 看得见的，可见的
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adj. 创造(性)的
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n. 类型，种类
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adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的
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v. 联系，联络
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n. 组织，团体，机构
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adj. 可能的，可能发生的
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n. 地铁
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n. 公路
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n. 高速公路
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n. 汽油
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n. 汽油
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n. 一套住房，公寓套房
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n. 发动机，引擎
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n. 昆虫
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n. (一批)收藏品
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v. 组织
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n. (通常用肘)轻推
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n. 蝴蝶
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v. 呼吸
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n. 惊恐，惊慌
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n. 挑战
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n. 压力
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adj. 镇静的，沉着的
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n. 描述，描写，叙述，形容
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adj. 有信心的，自信的
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n. 海报
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n. 羽毛球
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adj. 受惊的，害怕的
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n. 看到，看见
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v. 认为，以为
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v. 挑选，选择
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adj. 指定的，特指的
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n. 彩虹
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adj. 好的，令人愉快的
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adj. 具体的，特定的
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v. 参考，查阅
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n. 日记，日志
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adj. 低年级的
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v. 奋斗，拼搏
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v. 记住，熟记

机械专业英语1. Introduction机械工程是一门涉及机械设备和工具设计、制造、使用和维护的学科，是工程技术领域中的一个重要分支。

机械专业英语是机械工程学习中必不可少的一部分，它涉及到机械工程师需要掌握的英语词汇、专业术语、文档阅读和撰写技巧等方面。

本文将介绍一些常用的机械专业英语词汇和常用的表达方式，以帮助读者更好地掌握机械专业英语。

2. Mechanical Engineering Vocabulary以下是一些常用的机械工程专业词汇，可以帮助读者对机械工程领域的基本概念有更好的了解：•Mechanical Engineering（机械工程）: A discipline of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.•Engineer（工程师）: A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or public works.•CAD（计算机辅助设计）: Computer-Aided Design, a software tool used by engineers to create and modifymechanical designs.•CAM（计算机辅助制造）: Computer-Aided Manufacturing, a software tool used to controlmanufacturing processes.•CNC（计算机数控）: Computer Numerical Control,a method of controlling manufacturing machines usingcomputers.3. Common Expressions in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，有一些常用的表达方式，以下是一些示例：•According to the design specifications（根据设计规范）: Indicates that something is done in accordance with the design requirements.•The machine is in operation（机器正在运行）: Indicates that the machine is currently running andperforming its intended function.•The material is heat-treated（材料经过热处理）: Indicates that the material has undergone a specific heat treatment process for improved properties.•The system is experiencing mechanical failure（系统发生机械故障）: Indicates that the system is notfunctioning properly due to a mechanical issue.•The component needs to be lubricated regularly（零部件需要定期加润滑油）: Indicates that regularlubrication is required to ensure proper functioning of the component.4. Reading and Writing Documents in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，阅读和撰写文档是非常重要的技能。

第6卷 第1期 中 国 水 运 Vol.6 No.1 2008年 1月 China Water Transport January 2008收稿日期：2007-11-11作者简介：吴志芳 陆凤珍 武汉理工大学 （430071）机械英语词汇的特点及翻译吴志芳 陆凤珍摘 要：本文以机械英语为例,主要从词汇方面探讨机械英语的语言特点和翻译技巧。

主要包括词汇的特点即：双重性、派生词构成法、缩略词和复合词的使用、以及词语搭配现象；翻译技巧主要从直译和转译方面进行讨论。

关键词：词汇 特点 翻译中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7973（2008）01-0233-02一、引言随着现代科学技术的飞速发展以及国际间交流的日益频繁,机械英语翻译显得越来越重要和实用。

机械英语的特点是范围广,专业性强,注重条理性和逻辑性。

近年来,新领域、新课题的不断出现更拓展了机械英语的深度和广度,这就对机械英语的翻译提出了更新更高的求，本文就机械英语词汇的某些特点和翻译技巧作一些探讨。

二、机械英语的词汇特点 1．双重性，即一词多义性。

许多人在听英语授课或演讲时，常常会遇到“听清了”但“没听懂”这样的情况。

造成此种情形的原因很大程度上是由于英语中一词多义，一义多词的想象很普遍。

比如：do，make,take,这类普通动词在口语中，其词义多的惊人。

像body, work 这样一些很普通的词，用在不同的专业中，所表示的概念也不同。

work 在金属工艺方面，表示“工件”、“工作物”、 “加工”、“作业”、“工作”；在机械工程方面，表示“结构”、“机构”、“构件”；在电学方面，则表示“工作”、“制品＂等。

在机械英语中存在着大量的普通词汇，除基本词义外，在此领域又有不同的词义。

如 “film”一词，其基本词义是“电影，胶片”，而在机械英语中就是 “薄膜，膜层”的意思；“blank”,其基本词义是“空白”，而在机械英语中就是“坯料，半成品”；“wear”,其基本词义是“穿”，在此就是“磨损”的意思。

一、汉译英1.Mechanical design机械设计2. Engineering drawing 工程制图3. Metalworking practice金工实习4. Safety factor安全系数5. standard component标准件6. part drawing零件图7. size marking尺寸标准8. machining center加工中心9. surface roughness表面粗糙度10. numerical control数控二、英译汉1. assembly drawing装配图2. rough machining粗加工3.feed movement进给运动4.surface grinder平面磨床5.heat treatment热处理6.lubrication润滑7.Flexible manufacturing system柔性制造系统8. Alternating current (ac)交流电9.machining allowance加工余量10. gasoline engine汽油机柴油机、汽油机、发动机Diesel engine, gasoline engine, engine车床lathe 技术要求The technical requirements步进电机stepper motor 齿轮gear 凸轮Cam参数设计Parametric design 高速切削High speed cutting线切割T he cutting CAD全称Computer - Aided Design工程设计：engineering design线切割：wire-cutting生产图纸：working drawing三、英译汉1.For most of history, the discipline of mechanical design required knowledge only of mechanical parts and assemblies历史上很长一段时间，机械设计学科需要的知识仅仅机械零件及其装配。

Frac / Fracturing 压裂lubricator 防喷管stripper 自封、防喷盒bullhead down 不循环挤入、向下压injector 注入器coil unit 连续油管车coil cab 连续油管操作室plug valve 旋塞阀crowbar 撬棒grease head 注脂头kickout pressure （泵）超压kick in pump 开泵flowback 返排KCL water 氯化钾液Gel 胶液Crosslink / X-link交联wellbore flush 冲井、洗井bridge plug 桥塞drop ball 投球（堵住桥塞中孔）slickwater 滑溜水proppant 支撑剂、压裂用砂motor stall 井下马达（螺杆）停止转动pressure spike 压力下降TCP （tubing conveyed perforation）油管传输射孔ball catcher 虑球筒（用于回收桥塞球）choke 油嘴riser 升高短接hammer wrench 打砸扳手lateral “Y”字型三通tee 三通cross 四通silo 砂罐pump rate 排量flow rate 流量radio silence （装射孔枪时）关闭无线电通讯设备frac fluids 压裂液pump truck 泵车pumpdown 泵枪和桥塞gel gun 配胶液用吸枪ppg (pound per gallon) 磅每加仑bpm 桶每分钟sand seperator 除砂器three phase seperator 三相分离器石油工程专业英语单词来源：丁一铭的日志Aabnormal pressure 异常高压absolute open flow potential 绝对敞喷流量absolute permeability 绝对渗透率acetic acids 乙酸acid-fracturing treatment 酸化压裂处理acidize 酸化acidizing 酸化additives 添加剂Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer（ASP）tertiary combination flooding 三元复合驱anhydrite 无水石膏annular space 环形空间appraisal well 估计井，评价井aquifer 含水层areal sweep efficiency 面积波及系数artificial lift methods 人工举升方法Bbeam pumps 游梁式抽油机bitumen 沥青blast joint 耐磨钻头block and tackle 滑轮组blowout preventes 防喷器blowout 井喷bone strength 胶结强度borehole 井筒，井眼bottomhole/wellhead pressure 井底/井口压力bottorm water 底水breakthrough 突破，穿透bubble point 泡点bubble point pressure 泡点压力Ccable tool drilling 顿钻钻井capillary action 毛细管作用carbonate reservoirs 碳酸盐储层casing hanger 套管悬挂器casing head 套管头casing collapse 套管损坏casing corrosion 套管腐蚀casing leak 套管漏失casing pressure 套管压力casing string 套管柱casing 套管casing-tubing configuration 套管组合casing-tubing configuration 油套管井身结构caustic flooding 碱水驱油cavings 坍塌cement additive 水泥浆添加剂cement job 固井作业cement plug 水泥塞cement slurry 水泥浆cementation 固井，胶结cementing practices 注水泥施工centralizer 扶正器chemical flooding 化学驱油chock 节流器choke 油嘴，阀门christmas tree 采油树combustion engines 内燃机compatibility 兼容性compatibility 兼容性，配伍性completion interval 完井层段compressibility 压缩系数compression coefficient 压缩系数compressive strength 抗压强度cone bit 牙轮钻头connate water 共生水，原生水continuous gas lift 连续气举core sample 岩心样品cost-per-day basis 每天成本基价cost-per-foot basis 每英尺成本基价crank 曲柄crown block 天车crude oil 原油cumulative production 累计产量Ddamage well/zone 污染井/带darcy 达西darcy‘s law 达西定律dead line 死绳dehydration 脱水deposit 沉积，贮存n，矿床，蕴藏量derrick 井架derrick 钻塔，井架development well 开发井development well 生产井dewpoint 露点diesel fuel 柴油discovery well 资料井displacement efficiency 驱油效率displacement efficiency 驱替效率displacement rate 驱替效率displacing fluid 驱替液displacing medium 驱替介质dissolved-gas drive reservoir溶解气驱油藏downhole assembly 井下装置downhole equipment 井下装置downhole 井底，井下downsroke 下行冲程drainage areas/radius 泄油面积/半径drill collar 钻铤drill collars 钻铤drill 钻井driller 司钻，钻工drilling floor 钻台drilling line 大绳drilling slot 井槽drilling contract 钻井合同drilling fluid 钻井液drilling location 井位drilling rate 钻速drillpipe 钻杆drillship 钻井船drillsite 井场drillstring 钻柱dry forward combustion 干式正向燃烧Eeffective displacement 有效驱替effective permeability 有效渗透率effective wellbore vadius 有效井筒半径electric submersible centrifugal pumps 电泵embrittlement 脆裂emulsion 乳化剂encroachment 水侵enhanced oil recover（EOR）提高采收率ethane 乙烷Ffault 断层fishing tool 打捞工具flow efficiency 完善系数flow regime 流动类型/方式flowing tubing pressure 井口流压flowing well 自喷井fluid loss agent 降滤失剂fluid loss control 防液体漏失foam flooding 泡沫驱油、foam-type drilling fluid 泡沫钻井液formation volume factor 地层体积系数formic acids 甲酸fractional flow 分相流动fracture acidizing 酸化压裂fracture fluid 压裂液fracture pressure 破裂压力fracture 裂缝，断裂free gas 游离气Ggas cap 气顶gas condensate reservoir 凝析气藏gas lift 气举gas-lift valve 气举阀gas-liquid ratio 气液比gas-oil ratio 汽油比gasoline 汽油gear reducer 齿轮减速器geothermal gradient 地温梯度gravity drainage 重力泄油gravity segregation 重力分离gum bed 地蜡gusher 自喷井，喷油井Hheavy oil 重油heterogeneous reservoir 非均质储层heterogeneous 非均质的high gravity 高API度，轻质的hole angle 井斜角horizontal well 水平井hreaded coupling 螺纹接口huff and puff 蒸汽吞吐hydraulic fracture 水力压裂hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢hydrostatic head 静水压头hydrostatic pressure 静液压力Iindividual well 单井inhibitor 抑制剂initial completion 初次完井injection rate 注入速度/量interfacial tension 表面张力intermediate casing string 技术套管intermediate casing 中间套管intermittent gas lift 间歇气举Jjackknife derrick 折叠式井架jelly 胶状物，凝胶物joints 根数junction box 接线匣Kkelly 方钻杆kerosene 煤油kick 井涌kill corrosion 压力液kill line 压井管线kill the well 关井Llanding nipple 坐放短节leading edge 前缘leakoff rate 漏失速率load-bearing capacity 承重能力logger 测试仪器logging 测井lost circulation 漏失lost circulation additive 堵漏剂lubricant 润滑油Mmaking a trip 起下钻making a connection 接单根massive hydraulic fracturing 大型水力压裂material balance calculations 物质平衡方程matrix acidizing 基质酸化mechanical efficiency 机械效率methane 甲烷microbial enhanced oil recovery 微生物强化采油microemulsion flooding 微乳液驱油mobility rate 流度比mobility 流度，流动性mud pump 泥浆泵mud thinner 降粘剂mud 泥浆mud/section pit 泥浆池multipay reservoir 多油层油田Nnatural fissure 天然裂缝nature gas 天然气net thickness 有效厚度net thickness 有效厚度nogo nipple 不过端短节nozzle 喷油嘴numerical simulation 数值模拟Ooffset well 补偿井oil formation volume factor 原油地层体积系数oil saturation 残余油饱和度oil seeps 油苗oil spill 油漏open-hole completion 裸眼完井organic acids 有机酸overburden 地层表土overburden pressure 上覆岩层压力overload protection 过载保护Ppacker 封隔器pad fluid 前置液paraffin 石蜡，链烷烃paraffin base 石蜡基pay zone 生产层，产油层pay sand 产油层，生产层peak load 最大载荷，峰值负值penetration rate 进尺速度penetration rate 渗入速度，机械钻速percussion 顿钻perforating job 射孔作业performance velationship 动态关系permeability 渗透率permeability anisotropy 渗透率各向异性petroleum 石油petroleum engineer 石油工程师petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum jelly 石油膏phase diagram 相态图piston stroke 活塞冲程pitman 联杆泵plate tectonics 板块构造理论plunger lift 活塞气举polished rod 光杆polymer flooding 聚合物驱油pore volume 有限孔隙体积porosity 孔隙度porous medium 多孔介质porous rock 多孔岩石positive-displacement position 容积式驱替活塞power fluid 传动液preflush 前置液preflush fluid 前置液，冲洗液pressure build up test 压力恢复试井pressure differential 压差pressure drawdown 压降，压差pressure gradient 压力梯度primary recovery 一次开采primary cementing 固井，初次注水泥primary porosity 原生孔隙度prime mover 原动机produced fluid 产出液producing rate 开采速度producting formation 生产层production technology 采油技术production casing 生产套管production platform 采油平台production string 生产（油层）套管productivity 生产率productivity index 生产指数proposed well 资料井proppant 支撑剂pseudo-steady-state flow 拟稳定流动put back on production 恢复生产Rradial area 径向面积radical flow 径向流recoverable reserve 可采储量recovery rates 回采收率，开采速度relative permeability 相对渗透率remaining oil 剩余油remedial work 修井作业reservoir drive mechanism 油藏驱油机理reservoir heterogeneous 储层非均质性reservoir 储层，储集层，油层residual oil saturation 残余油饱和度resistivity curre 电阻率曲线reverse combustion 反向燃烧rig 钻机riser 隔水管rodless pumping system 无杆泵系统roller bit 牙轮钻头rotary drilling 旋转钻井rotary hose 水龙带rotary system 旋转钻井系统rotary table 转盘rotary table 转盘rotary 旋转钻井Ssafety valve 安全阀salinity 矿化度salinity 矿化度sand control 含沙量控制sand production 油井出砂sandstore 砂岩secondary recovery 二次开采secondary porosity 次生孔隙度seep 漏出，渗出n，（油气）苗seepage n，渗出，流出seismic interpretation 地震解释separator 分离器setting time 凝固时间shale 页岩，泥岩shear rate 剪贴速率shut-in well pressure 关井压力skin effect 表皮效应slotted liner 割裂衬管sloughing 坍塌性的slurry density 水泥浆密度slurry viscosity 水泥浆粘度sonic bond log 声波测井spontaneous potential（SP）自然电位stabilizer 稳定器standpipe 立管stands 立管static reservoir pressure 油层静压steam flooding 蒸汽驱油stimulation 增产措施stricking problem 卡钻stripper well 低产井stroke length 冲程长度stuffing box 填料盒submersible rig 坐底式钻井平台substructure 井架底座subsurfance unit 地下单位subsurfance pump 井下泵sucker rod 抽油杆sulfide embrittlement 硫化氢脆裂sulfur 硫磺superficial velocity 表观粘度surface casing 表层套管surface flow line 地面流动管线surface tesion 表面张力surface unit 抽油机，地面装置surfactant flooding 表面积活性剂驱油switchboard 配电盒swivel 旋转钻头Ttensile strength 抗拉强度thickening time 稠化时间tool pusher 钻井队长torque rating 扭矩测定transformer 变压器，转换器transient flow 瞬变流动tubing string 油管柱turbulent flow 紊流Uunswept zone 未波及区upstroke 上行冲程Vvalve 阀门，阀vertical flow 垂直流vertical sweep efficiency 纵向波及系数vertical well 垂直井vibrating screens 振动筛viscosity 粘度void space 孔隙volume factor 体积系数volumetic sweep efficiency 体积波及系数volumetric efficiency 容量效率vug 孔洞，溶洞Wwait on cement（WOC）侯水泥凝固water flood recovery 注水采油water flooding 水驱water injection 注水量water-oil ratio 油水比water-sensitive 水敏性的wax 石蜡well bore 井眼well completion 完井well deliverability equation 油井产能方程well intake pressure 井口注入压力well-killing fluid 压裂液wet combustion 湿式燃烧wettability 润湿性wildcat well 预探井wildcatter 勘探者withdrawal 产出，采出workover 油井维修汉译英原油crude oil天然气natural gas方钻杆k elly钻杆drillpipe泥浆泵mud pump转盘rotary table封隔器packer旋转钻井rotary drilling固井cementing裸眼完井openhole completion井口well head扶正器centralizer三次采油tertiary recovery射孔perforating油管tubing油井流入动态inflow performance relationship 井底流压bottom hole flowing pressure采油指数productivity index增产增注措施stimulation近井地带near-well bore region含水率water cut最终采收率ultimate recovery剩余油remaining oil提高采收率IOR水驱water flooding原始地质储量OOPI（original oil in place）流度比mobility ratio有效渗透率effective permeability 孔隙体积pore volume上冲程upstroke下冲程downstroke润湿性wettability聚合物驱polymer flooding。

《机电专业英语》考试题一．翻译词汇mechatronic 机电一体化（技术）sensor传感器actuator执行元件，执行结构Feedback反馈deviation偏差hydraulic液压的machine tool机床geometric modeling 几何建模job-lot amount单批量maintenance维护pallet随行夹具robot机器人drill钻床，钻头Lathe车床mill 铣床shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨床grinder磨床tap攻丝pulley滑轮shaft轴bore 镗削screw螺杆tolerance公差torque转矩nut螺母spring弹簧key键bearing轴承coupling联结器clutch离合器diode二极管transistor三极管transistors 晶体管integrated circuit 集成电路chip 芯片capacitor 电容器resistor 电阻digital 数字（式）的lever杠杆Servomechanism伺服机构closed-loop闭环actuator 传动装置following device随动装置troubleshoot故障排除二．汉译英1.机电一体化技术，电子学，机械学，智能数控，机器人学，信息技术，科学术语。

Mechatronics , electronics, mechanics, intelligent control, robotics.information technology , scientific term .2.机电一体化技术广泛用于汽车工业、机械工业以及国防工业。

Mechatronics has been applying widely to auto industry, mechanical industry and national defense industry.3.大多数的机加工主要是由五种基本的机床来完成。