Chapter One去钓鱼
市场上的熟练工人很快将不能满足需求，各地的公司都需要加强自己的实力来吸引熟练职工。
1在20世纪80年代，雇主从来没来没有这么好。过长的失业队伍使商人和不满劳工组织的政客可以轻而易得的把他们的意愿强加在70年代使他们常常难堪的劳工组织身上。1981年罗那德.里根接受了美国航空(巨头们)的挑战并获得了胜利。1985年，玛格丽特.撒切尔痛击了英国的矿主们。同年美国控股者——卡儿.伊卡恩先生在没有遇到工人们反对的情况下拆分了环球航空公司——TWA。
2到了90年代，情况发生了变化。在大多数经济合作与发展组织的大国中，总劳动力将持续增长，但年轻熟练的劳动者将会短缺。70年代众多劳动力的情景看起来不可能重现。年轻劳动力的短缺问题意味着美国、日本，乃至欧洲的公司将不得不寻找一个新的方法去吸引、激励、奖励和挽留雇工。
3“人口统计学的定时炸弹”也许被很好地隐藏起来了！如果发生90年代初经济的轻微衰退的话，首先会带来失业人数的剧增，但是除非世界经济持续恶化，否则劳动力短缺的问题在20世纪90年代将必然加剧。
考虑如下：
4与70年代美国人口增长22.2million(2.6%)以及80年代增长了18.3million(1.6%)相比，90年代美国人口仅增长了15.9million(1.2%)。16岁至24岁的人口数量将有一个绝对的下降，而超过了35岁的人口比例将会由原来的39%增长到49%。
5假设欧盟的12各成员国不再增加，欧共体的人口将会维持在大约325million。然而年轻人将会更少，65岁以上的人将会更多。除爱尔兰以外，所有的欧共体国家都将缺少年轻的劳动力。在世纪之交之时，英、法劳动力中25岁以下的劳动力将以每年2%的速度下降，西德的速度将为每年3.6%。来自东德的移民会对此起到一点帮助，但作用不大：东德仍将面临年轻劳动力短缺的问题。
6 20世纪90年代日本人口将缓慢增长，但是领取养老金的人口比例将从11%增长到15%。25岁以下的劳动力每年将以2%的速度减少。在日本付薪的惯例是根据资力而不是业绩，这意味着劳动力年龄老化将导致劳动力成本的持续上升。日本当前投资热潮的一个原因是：生产商知道他们不得不用更多的机器代替工人。
7 上述统计数据只说明事物的一个方面。劳动力市场紧缩的例子随处可见。在日本，一些顾主诉诸于通过诱使年轻毕业生去温泉度假并迫使他们签约来“拐骗”他们。在事业中途跳槽的现象也越来越普遍，这令那些日本传统型公司感到恐，但是却令新兴的猎头公司感到兴奋。在英国，每年春天，牛津附近的一个美丽的Le Manoir aux Quat?Saisons饭店，都有许多从事猎头工作的管理顾问云集于此。
8 在美国和大多数西欧国家都有年轻劳动力后备队伍，但并不是绝大多数雇主所需要的。在美国，6成的20多岁年轻人不能准确地计算出他们的午餐帐单。大多数生活在城市贫民窟里的美英黑人青少年是失业的。欧共体的失业率一直徘徊在10%左右，其中一半人已失业达一年以上。不幸的是，许多这样的失业者是不能被雇佣的。除非极少数公司愿意并能向他们提供后期的教育和培训。因此，美国劳工部长伊丽莎白.多尔夫人提出“技能断层”的警告。
9 随着强大的西方经济从枯燥的制造业转向了靠魅力与智慧赢得客户的服务行业，这个技能断层日益严重。1986年，欧共体、美国及日本的就业岗位中分别有55%、68%和52%是由服务业提供的，而1963年这个比例却分别只有40%、58%和42%。
小心翼翼，却只有老太太
10 招募贤才的斗争将会出现在两个方面：第一，公司将为了招募那些可被聘用的少数年青而展开竞争；第二，这些公司需要致力于建造供选择的劳动力市场，这主要指聘用精明能干的老年人，或是那些聪明的还未有工作的已婚妇女。哪种选择的成本都不会低。
11 大多数公司仍倾向于雇佣新近毕业的学生。壳牌石油公司已经承认吸引高才生的办法是给他们以比才能较低的老员工更高的职位。法国的Pechiney铝业公司将于1992年中期在敦刻尔克建成一座新工厂。为了建立自己的技能人才库，公司已经同意在工厂建成前的几年中与法国政府分担500名工人的培训费用。
12 其他的公司选择了资助在校学生的方式。Messerschmitt Bolkow-Blohm公司资助在Brunel大学学习工程专业的英国学生，条件是他们毕业后要到德国为其工作。英国的ICL计算机公司每年雇佣的学生中，有五分之一在校时接受其资助。
13 然而，金钱只是“诱饵”的一部分，因为用钱作为“诱饵”已经越来越低效了。最近，贝克先生为广告代理商汤姆逊就英国劳动力市场问题做了一次调查。结论是英国的在校大学生正逐渐对金钱回报失去兴趣，而更多的关注工作时的生活质量和雇主的声誉。他预言，那些在招聘优等生前就给学生们留下好印象的公司将会成为最成功的招募者。
14 美国一家雇佣代理公司人力资源经理Mitchell Fromstein 先生讲,近年来越来越多的公司第一次在招聘人员时提出这样一个宣传口号:"这是一家值得为此工作的好公司"，试图以此来吸引求职者。这意味着公司需要加强公司办公部,为顾客也为公司的员工(无论是当前的还是潜在的)树立一种良好的（企业）形象。
15 很少有国家能充分利用女性劳动力资源。瑞典是少数这样做的国家之一，她主要是依靠政府提供的大量入托津。在瑞典86%有孩子的母亲都参加工作(与之相比英国仅有20%.)。公司协调自己的内部事务以适应上班族妈妈的工作需要是一种更好的方式。然而这需要花费一定的时间来推广实行。
16 纽约一商业智囊团CONFERENCE BOARD的 Audrey Freedman分析,要吸引1400万在家照料孩子的母亲参加工作，需要更多的美国公司提供各种便利条件，如公司要有照料孩童的方案，充足的产假，弹性的工作时间和各种兼职工作等。英国MIDLAND BANK（中岛银行）60%的职员是女性，该行准备建立300座托儿所。目前只拥有11所。在上班期间她们只需象征性地每周支付35英镑(正常费用的一半)，就将自己的孩子送到托儿所中。
17 然而大多数公司并不愿意陷入这种托儿服务中，尤其是此项业务费用相当高时。根据专门为其他企业提供托儿服务的ABA公司分析，许多美国雇主需要的托儿服务要达到一个专业护理人员照料四个幼儿的水平，而他们并不准备支付高于“托管”的那部分费用。
18 一种选择是为那些有孩子的女性雇员提供（有价）担保，这一担保可被用来支付照料孩子的费用。作为交换条件减少她们其他的福利。比如说，一个女职员可以选择较短的假期，以换取较好的照料孩子的条件。另一种选择是，允许看护假和两人共同承担一项工作。在德国Messerschmitt、
BASF 和Audi公司都已采用为那些离职生孩子的女职员提供就业担保。
19 日本是妇女劳动力资源浪费最严重的国家。虽然妇女在劳动力中所占的比例正在迅速提升，但是日本仍然是各工业化国家中妇女就业率变动最急剧的国家，呈现出最典型的M型曲线。即25岁的女性就业比例上升至70%，但是当女性结婚以后被迫辞职时，这一比例降至50%，只有当35岁之后才再次上升。
20 虽然一些日本公司正在认识到女性劳动力的潜力，并且许多公司在雇佣女性作为兼职工人。到目前为止，大多数公司更关注老年男性。对于任何企业，老年人都成为最理想的雇佣目标。与年轻同事相比，他们不可能矿工，对顾客更有礼貌，对公司更加忠诚。然而，他们实际上真的想退休吗？美国人的平均退休年龄从1963年的65岁已经下降到今天的62岁，并且好象有进一步下降的趋势。试图阻止这种趋势的公司寥寥无几，根据Conference Board 的统计,62%的美国公司有提前退休的计划，只有4%的公司鼓励延退休。
21美国公司在权衡招聘新职员的重重困难和保留老手的优点之后会改变上述策略。硅谷的一家Varian高科技公司，在这方面率先采取行动：公司采用分阶段退休计划，允许50岁或更大年龄的雇员按照自己和公司的意愿，每周为公司工作20-32个小时。美国目前允许退休工人每年工作1000个小时，而不会影响他们的养老金和健康福利。
22你可以想像出日本的老年人是工作狂。最近几年，为了取悦职员，同时缓解劳动力短缺的压力，大多数的日本大公司已经把职员的退休年龄从55岁延迟到60岁，但代价是调整了他们的薪酬制度。为了降低劳动力成本，职员得到最高报酬不是在他们退休之前，而是在他们45岁左右。相比于美国的40%，日本55岁以上的男性中超过60%的人仍在工作。日本女性至少在一个方面居于世界前列，即55岁以上的妇女的劳动就业率达到30%，这在工业国家中是最高的。
23欧洲的公司正在认识到雇佣老年工人有潜力可挖。1989年上半年，英国Tesco连锁超市通过“生活从55岁开始”的活动招聘了大约1500名50-60岁的职员。最近，在西德，由雇主联盟BDI 资助的关于国家的老龄群体的会议上，2/3的公司声称他们雇佣老年退休人员做兼职工作，并且有75%的公司表示他们愿意在来年雇佣50岁以上的工人。作为欧洲退休年龄最年轻的国家，德国拥有最大的熟练工人的储备。所有的迹象表明公司需要这样的储备。
Vocabulary in Context
1. For a start small recession(decline)in the early 1990s, should it come, will lengthen
dole queues again.
2. Statistics tell only part of the story. Anecdotal evidence of a tightening labor market
abounds (is rich).
3. Sadly, many such workers are unemployable-except by those few companies that are willing
and able to offer remedia l (additional training)education or training.
4. For example, a woman might opt (choose) for shorter holidays in return for better
child-care provisions.
5. On the Conference Board?s reckoning, 62% of American companies offer early retirement
plans and only 4% offer inducements (bait/motivation)to delay retirement. Vocabulary
1.The labor shortage will become more severe in the 1990s because of worldwide demographic
factors.
2.In England and Japan, employers and management consultants are even kidnapping young
college graduates to force them to sign job contracts.
3.As a result of decrease in manufacturing jobs and the increase in service jobs, the
skills gap has grown more important.
4.Although there is a need for well-educated workers, few companies provide remedial
education or training.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/321966063.html,panies will have to recruit workers from alternative labor markets such as older
people or married women.
6.In addition, companies must bolster their departments of corporate affairs in order
to project a better image.
7.The few western countries that have many working women with young children are dependent
on larger subsidy from the state for child care.
8.Some American companies now offer child-care plans, maternity leave, flexible hours,
and job-sharing or part-time jobs to attract applicants.
9.Having the youngest pensionable age in Europe, Germany faces less of a labor shortage
since it has a huge reservoir of trained workers.
Idioms and Expressions
1.Job-hopping in mid-career has also caught on there…(become popular)
2.In Britain each spring Le Manoir aux Quat Saisons, a fancy restaurant near Oxford is
booked up…(reserved)
3.…by management consultants also bent on kidnapping. (determined to do)
4.Shell, an oil company, already admits that it can attract high-flying graduates only
by promoting them above their less-gifted seniors. (talented)
5.…more and more corporate recruiters are plugging the message
“here-is-a-nice-company-to-work-for”…(publicizing)
6.…to try to drum up job applicants. (arouse interest in)
7.Mrs.Audrey Freedman of the conference Board, a New York-based business think tank…(an
organization that does extensive research and problem solving)
8.…Where parents typically pay ￡35($56)a week, half the cost, for dumping the children
during working hours.(getting rid of)
9.That will change as American companies weigh the difficulties of recruiting new workers
against the advantages of retaining old hands.(experienced workers)
10.But there is a quid pro quo…(one thing in return for another)
11.European companies are also waking up to the potential of hiring older workers.
(realizing)
Paraphrasing
1. A return to the mass-union power of the 1970s looks unlikely.
It is impossible for the union to regain the strong power of which it had in 1970s.
2.For a start a small recession in the early 1990s, should it come, will lengthen dole
queues again.
If the small recession in the early 1990’s begins, the long dole queues would appear.
3.Anecdotal evidence of a tightening labor market abounds.
There are a lot of interesting stories about the competitive labor market.
4.Most companies will still prefer to have recent graduates.
The majority of the companies like to hire new students.
5.Older people should be ideal targets for corporate recruiters everywhere.
The best objectives for corporate recruiters all around are older people.
Chapter 2合理安排时间
时间管理偏重于管理而不是时间本身。
1．我天生是个无序的人。我想,我成为一个公司的总裁，帮助行政官员们协调工作，安排时间，这是必然的。
2．我已不再是总裁了。但在我做总裁的四十年间，时间管理已成为一种可被接受的技能，这种技使执行官把精力集中在最重要的工作上。Hewlett-PackardAT&T,Marriott,Xerox,和许多其它公司就合理安排时间给予雇员尤其是那些晋升到高级职位的人以指导。原因很简单：责任越重大，时间就越宝贵，就越难以调配工作时间。
3．许多方面都显示出时间管理的观点已被广泛地接受。在一部连环画中，Cathy竭尽全力合理安排时间以使其生活有序。在Madonna最近的影片中，她的追求者把自已的日记扔进水沟以标榜自已选定了一种更加本能的生活方式。《Money》杂志把时间管理的工具归纳在不很忙碌的人使用时会产生相反印象的技艺中。
4．这种观点也能追溯其历史渊源。据说神圣罗马帝国国王Charlemagne用带有条纹的蜡烛帮助其在纷繁复杂的职责中分配时间的。拿破仑通常拒绝在六个月内给予答复，他认为假如对问题采取忽视态度，问题就可自行解决的话。因而，他节省了无数的时间为下属解决问题。
5最近，Laventhal & Horwath公司管理发展部的主管Stuart Smith告诉我，“时间管理有点像统计学。但只有与有关的职能联在一起时，它们才是必要的和有益的。在教统计学的时侯，我发现，每当我讲完有关内容的开头后，学生们就开始变得有兴趣了。所以，我们就把时间管理放在我们的培训中，而不是作为一个单独的学科。我们把时间管理融入管理技能的课程中，这样就使时间管理与目标的实现和工作按重要程度排序联系在一起。”
6 由于有些管理者没有看到其中的关联性就忽视了时间管理，这是可能的吗？但是如果目标的实现和工作按重要程度进行排序是管理的职能（谁会否认这一点呢？），那么这其中的关联性就是显而易见的了。一个人的时间越宝贵，他就越需要更加仔细地安排时间。
7 几乎没有管理者能说出他们是如何安排时间的。大多数人知道应当做哪些事，他们甚至可以针对不同的工作，将时间分成段。但这并不等于他们注重这些工作。
8 我认为大多数人不知道他们时间的价值。这其实很简单：你的年薪，再加上大约年薪40%的津贴和补助，然后把这个数用2000或一些其他的小时数除，就得出一个每小时的工资率。下面的表就说明了管理者时间的价值-或者至少是价格。意识到有如此高薪也许会鼓励一些管理者放弃琐事，专而注重企业的经营。
9另一方面，它也许会带来压力。一个管理者也许会不安地问自己：“当我读一份贸易杂志的时候，我在这里的一小时真得值$168.27吗？”答案是“或许不”。我怀疑如果她还不情愿的话，那种认识会诱使她花更多的时间进行管理（任何管理）。
重点集中在管理
10．时间管理更偏重于管理而不是时间本身。把该做的每件事情都记在计划书或日记中可以激发一种难以言喻的功效感甚至幸福感。但如果你正在参与那些你本不该卷入的活动，那么你就没有管理好你的时间。
11．除非你保持记录，否则，当你实际上花费了大量时间四处“灭火”，为下属解决问题，甚至给下属制造麻烦的时候，还很容易认为自己是在进行管理，计划，组织和目标设定工作呢！
12．最近，在日本我同一个非常成功的日本商人驱车东京行。每当他有了一个想法，他就用手机给他的办公室打电话，我对此的反应是，这不仅扰乱了他自己，也给他的办公室制造了麻烦。在为高效和开明管理的典范日本发生这种事，很令我吃惊。
13．作为一个日本商业与文化的学习者，我是这样大胆地消除了我的惊讶的：虽然日本人生产效率很高，市场分析很精确，擅长统计过程控制，但是他们的组织却不是很好。他们通过极端努力工作的方法来弥补这方面的不足，比他们的美国竞争对手更努力的工作。这种做法经常被带着一种嘲讽的看法受到关注。如果他们对时间管理的强烈兴趣和狂热能进一步提高他们的效率的话，就会给我们的贸易赤字带来严重的影响。
平衡行为
14．平衡是管理个人时间的最困难部分。哪些会议我应该参加？哪些我应当忽略？我必须要阅读所有的报告吗？我应该接听每个重要客户的电话吗？很难精确的界定哪些事情要了解第一手资料，哪些是可以委派给别人。
15．过去我习惯于抽出周六的时间来做产品开发，这也是我最感兴趣的工作之一。在我儿子到三小时路程的大学去踢足球以前，我一直对星期六的工作情由独钟。而为了能够看他踢球，我不得不在周五下午动身离开。也就是说，以前那种专心于周六工作的状况到此结束了。我不得不重新安排整个周的工作计划，以便于能把产品开发做好，这件事同样迫使我分析归纳如何才能合理有效的利用时间。
16．该项分析工作最终使我对每项活动做出了价值判定，其中有些工作活动的价值是其他工作的好几倍。尽管产品开发工作的价值率是每小时平均价值的五倍，但是，很明显我不可能把时间都投入到该项工作中去。同样明显的道理，我必须减少花费在还不到我每小时工作平均价值的一半的次要的工作时间。
17．该回答基于给各种工作活动分配时间，当我把投入到每项工作中的时间乘以分派的每小时价值时，所得出的总值会是董事会和我能够接受的。
18．大多数读者会发现这其实是对意大利经济学家Vilfredo Pareto的80-20定律的另一个应用。以前这项定律应用于税收方面，即“主要的少数”提供了80%的税收。现在我把它应用于重要的功能上。这些功能够带来80%或更多的回报。同时（按照价值大小）分配给“次要的多数”所需要的时间。
19．我所从事的业务领域除了产品开发外，还包括以下几个方面的工作活动。
选择和培训继任者、长期规划、短期规划、审计预算报告、主持召开职工大会、客户沟通服务、检查高管人员业绩、授权、社区公益活动、设备计划、会见供应商、阅读信件、阅读专业期刊、娱乐活动
20．我给予那些与公司前景有直接关联的工作项目最高的价值评定（5）。这样的工作项目仅两个：选择培训继任者和新产品开发。当前，有些人可能对总经理深度参与产品开发工作有疑问，情况也确实如此。但这主要还是依赖于新产品对确认公司持续健康发展的重要性。我的价值判定标准是：另外有人也能把该项工作做好吗？我用通常的谦虚态度回答了上述问题。我承认在理想的状况下，会找到并培养一名优秀的工程师，让他负责指导产品的开发工作。
21．很显然，许多高管习惯于在他们以前熟悉的工作中投入相对多的时间。一位出身工程部门的领导倾向于经常光顾工程部；而出身于广告部的领导则倾向于修改方案并为广告设计发愁。确切地说，其实他们应该对这些工作投入最少的时间。具有某项领域专业技能可以使总经理更快更准确地评定这些部门的工作。当一位工程出身的领导检查工程项目时，他的专业知识保证了其工作时间的最高价值分配。但是当这位领导坐到CAD显示器前时，他的时间价值也就同时降到了与那些从事计算机辅助设计人员的时间价值一样的水平。
22．另一点：一种活动的小时价值与花费的时间量反向变化的。原因是当某项活动占用总裁过多时间的时候，往往是本身已到结尾，是一个没有或几乎没有利润的活动。这一点甚至适用于CEO最重要的职能——计划。计划应该是行动的蓝图，而不是装帧华美内容空洞的填充书架的东西。
谁能做的更好？
23．授权是主管的最大的需要和最大的特权。当然，大部分的授权应该是自动进行的。比如说审查一项市场计划是营销副总的任务，而不是总裁的任务，只有当将授权机制应用于全新的职责时，授权行为的价值是3。
24．虽然市场营销明显而直接的影响到公司的未来，但是CEO是否参与并不重要。重要的问题是：谁能做的更好？当前甚至战略计划的制定也可以授权。因此，在总裁介入之前，价值因素必须满足双重的标准。
25．这使我想起了权衡问题，你怎样处置别人对你提出的要求、外界的干扰、下级的推托、不想赴约的邀请？有很多方式可以避免使自己过多的参与。让我来举一个例子，因为我的名字经常出现在公司大多数的印刷品当中，所以，我收到许多客户的大量投诉和建议的电话。尽管我认为这些活动的价值是1，但是在这上面花费一定的时间是有成效的。然而，有时它毫无价值。
26．我有一种方法即能满足顾客又能节省我的时间。指定责任的目的比技巧更为重要。当我知道顾客的想法时，我会说：“我希望别人也能听一听”。于是我就召开一个电话会议，过一会儿，我向顾客解释到：关于这件事某某人比我了解的多，他会负责这件事。
27．关于谁能做的更好的问题也有适用于时间监督活动。许多我曾经与之交谈过的首席执行官，详细的记录了他们的日常工作，以便能关注那些被认为对公司的未来发展有重大影响的事情。有些执行官口述给秘书或者执行官助理去做。那是一件辛苦、麻烦、费时的工作。但是他们确信他们不得不亲自去做，以便保证首要事情的顺序。
28．进一步讲，一名首席执行官需要对其绝对忠诚且具有敏锐判断力的人来监督他们的活动，以免受不同价值模型的影响。我认为这样做有两方面的优点：一方面可以减轻执行官们繁琐的日志工作，另一方面给执行官们提供了一种更超然的视角来考虑怎样更好的达到公司的目标。
29．虽然大多数公司已经宣布了他们的首要任务和目标，但常常有这些任务和目标没被经常提到
Unit 1 1、这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能够很好的成长 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2、研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3、有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大的努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4、我们忠于自己的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到 We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it. 5、连贝多芬的父亲都不敢相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪 生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝 Even Beethoven’s father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6、当局控告他们威胁国家安全 They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security. Unit 2 1、要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2、她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此它有可能成为一名成功的演员 She never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3、我从未接受过正式的培训，我只是边干边学 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4、随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5、她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这 故事听起来可信 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6、谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. Unit 3 1、据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to l ook into the affair in person. 2、这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了These workers regret yielding to the management’s advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3、你只需填写一张表格就可取的会员资格，它可以使你在买东西的时享受打折的优惠
"英译汉" 1. "When she was eighteen, she began to work." 译文:["她18岁的时候开始上班。"] 2. "I sent him a Christmas card last year." 译文:["我去年送了他一张圣诞贺卡。"] 3. "He looks much older than his age." 译文:["他看起来比实际年龄老。"] 4. "Beijing Olympics can make Chinese people work harder." 译文:["北京奥运会能让中国人工作更努力。"] 5. "The traffic jams during morning and afternoon rush hours are a headache in big cities now." 译文:["上下班高峰期的交通拥挤问题是大城市目前的一个棘手问题。"] 6. "Would you like some coffee? There's still a little left." 译文:["你想要一些咖啡吗？还剩下一些。"] 7. "When were the Olympic Games founded?" 译文:["奥运会是何时创建的？"] 8. "I'lI try not to take up too much of your time." 译文:["我会尽量不占用您太多的时间."] 9. "He offered to help us with our work." 译文:["他主动帮助我们干活。"] 10. "I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang." 译文:["我在睡觉时，电话铃突然响了。"] 11. "Excuse me, where is the nearest police station?" 译文:["打扰一下，最近的警察局在哪儿"] 12. "We cannot tell when an earthquake is coming." 译文:["我们无法预测地震什么时候发生。"] 13. "These five boys failed in their English exam last term." 译文:["这五个男孩儿上学期的英语考试不及格。"] 14. "Look out the window it’s still raining today！" 译文:["看窗外，今天还在下雨！"] 15. "Did you go fishing with your friend last Sunday?" 译文:["你上周日和朋友去钓鱼了吗?"] 16. "How long will you be staying in China?" 译文:["你将在中国呆多久？"]
Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
汉译英作业答案
参考答案 第一讲 1. 注意安全，小心路滑。C aution， slipper floor. 2. 禁止吸烟，违反者将被罚款100元。Smoking is prohibited, penalties for violators is 100 yuan. 3. 雨天，雪天，减速行驶。 Slow in case of rain or snow. 4. 老年人优先上车。 Senior Citizens First. 5. 桥上严禁超车。No Overtaking On Bridge. 第二讲Task: Please translate the following passage into English.（Open) A 广西中医学院护理学院成立于1999年, 其前身--广西中医学院附设护士学校创建于1979年。回首20多年的风雨历程,至今已发展成为广西仅有的两所高等护理院校之一。近几年,学院紧紧围绕教学与产业并举,中职教育与高职教育并重,传统培养与特色培训相结合的办学思路,开创了教学产业化道路的新局面, 使学院步入了持续快速健康发展的轨道, 如今学院无论是"硬件"还是"软件", 均已颇具规模,现有在校生2663人, 教职工71人, 专兼职教师46人, 其中高中级职称教师40人,占全体教师比例的86.5%。开设有西医护理、中医护理、中医医疗、中西结合、针灸推拿5个专业。今年经自治区教育厅批准又
蕊要去美国做手术？又为什么，包括王治郅、巴特尔在内的诸多篮球运动员也都要飞往美国治疗呢？要让人家相信你，就得拿出成功的例子，这样才不会出现对中医的“妖魔化”。 第三讲 A 护理科研论文写作中常见句型 1. 本文介绍/叙述/报告/讨论了…… T his paper (report, article) presents/describes/reports/discusses 2. 在这篇文章中，我们介绍/叙述/报告/讨论了… In this paper (report, article), we present/describe/report/discuss 3. 我们描述了一例…… We describe a case of 4. 本文报告一例…… A case is reported in which...... 5. 本文报告了……的研究。 A study of ... is reported 6. 本研究旨在……
统考大学英语B英译汉 题库 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
2017年9月统考大学英语B英译汉题库（201709） 复习建议：本部分考6小题，每题5分，共30分。基本都是复习资料原题，对于基础好的同学，建议自己尝试翻译，然后背答案；对于基础差的同学，根据原句中的简单单词，把单词背过，再背答案。所有句子必须背过，重中之重！！！ 阅卷方式：本部分采取人工阅卷方式，没有标准答案，翻译句中任何一个单词正确会给0.5-1分，整句意思正确，会给满分。遇到复习资料中的原题，直接将背过的答案写上；遇到没见过的试题，则认识一个单词就写一个单词的意思，千万不要空着！ 1. As is known to all, China is the largest developing country in the world today. 众所周知，中国式当今世界上最大的发展中国家 2. The friend saw everything but did not say a single word. 这位朋友看到了一切，却一言不发。 3. They thought that there must be something wrong with their TV set.他们认为电视机一定出了毛病了。 4. You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.你和你的团队能够一起找到问题的答案。 5. Life is meaningless without a purpose. 没有目标的生活是毫无意义的。 6. He didn't need to attend the meeting. 他没必要参加那个会议。 7. I read the local newspapers with great interest every evening. 我每晚怀着极大的兴趣读当地的报纸。 8. He prefers coffee to tea. 与茶相比，他更喜欢咖啡。 9. Our textbooks are very different from theirs. 我们的教材与他们的教材很不一样。 10. Are you fond of music? 你喜欢音乐吗？ 11. You’d better do that again.你最好再做一遍。 12. What kind of life do most people enjoy? 大多数人喜欢什么样的生活？ 13. This box can hold more books than that one. 这个箱子比那个箱子能装更多的书。 14. Both Ann and Mary are suitable for the job. 安妮和玛丽都适合干这个工作。 15. I hurried to my office. 我匆忙赶到了办公室。 16. I slept soundly all night. 我整夜睡得很熟。 17. Have you seen Tom recently? 最近你看到汤姆了吗？
第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international
2004.5 It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she becam e a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.” Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started t hem on the road they have since followed. 2004.11 In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of "holiday economics", giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan. Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs.
汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）
英汉翻译 一、给下列的英译汉作出判断，正确在括号用T表示，错误用F表示。 1、I’d die first. 我宁愿先死。（F ） 2、Kill it please. 别干了，你！（T ） 3、I find it hard to get going in the morning. 我发现早上起来就懒得动。（T ） 4、The troops of the two countries are kept at arm’s length.两国军队相距很远。（T ） 5、He knew that Shanghai was the bastion of Far East imperialism. 他知道上海是远东帝国主义的堡垒。（ F ） 6、The importance of electronic computers cannot be over-estimated.电子计算机的重要性不能过高地估计。（F） 7、The importance of electronic computers cannot be over-estimated.电子计算机的重要性不能过高地估计。（F） 8、I don’t care about going. 我愿意（可以）去。（F ） 9、That’s the door. 门在那儿。（ F ） 10、Let the cat out of the bag. 露出马脚。（T） 11、If I want you I will ask for you .请不要插嘴。（T ） 12、If I want you I will ask for you .请不要插嘴。（T ） 13、I could not feel better. 我感觉很好。( T ) 14、I could not feel better. 我感觉很不好。( F ) 15、It leaves nothing to be desired. 这已完美无缺。（T ） 16、Mary is a girl of a boy.玛丽是个男孩式的女孩。（F ） 17、There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。（T ） 18、Domestic shame should not be made public.家丑不可外扬。（T ） 19、That’s too much for me. 那对我来说太多了。（ F ） 20、Keep it dark . 这事不可泄露出去。（T ）
掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试（Cambridge First Certificate Examination）的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大有可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清它们确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.
八级汉译英 1997年: Translation from CHINESE to ENGLISH (30 min) 1 来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出的较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生的勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解（v-n）亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。（主动和被动改）他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1999年夏天，我不顾别人的劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学历程。 【参考答案】 Like other Asian Americans, most Chinese American students are very diligent. They often spare one day even two days of the weekend for the overtime work in the lab, so they harvest more than American students. My advisor, who was an Asian American, had a strong（准）addiction to smoking and drinking, a nd（连词）a n irritable temper as well.（合句，定从，插入语and,with,状从句子，或提一部分作成份）However, he appreciated the industry and the solid basic knowledge of students with Asian origins.He also had a particular keen insight into the mentality of these students. So it was not surprising（用it 句式，补词）that all the students in his lab were from Asia except one from Germany. The advisor was so straightforward as to paste an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read: “It is ）无人称句正式）a must that all the research assistants in the lab work from 10 to 12pm every day, and seven days a week. （调整句子）Furthermore, they should spare no effort in working hours.” The advisor was well-known for his strictness and severity through out the university. During the three and a half years of my work there, fourteen students were recruited into his lab, but only five stayed until after they had graduated with a PH.D degree. In the summer of 1999, regardless the dissuasion, I accepted my tutor’s subsidization and from then on I began my hard way of study. 1998年: CHINESE TO ENGLISH 1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多…… On February 24, 1997, our delegation stayed at ZhongXin hotel beside RiyueTan, It was already 3 o'clock of the next morning when we saw off the last group of visitors, I lay down on the