定语从句 - 副本

定语从句模块一:限制性定语从句一.定义：1.名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句。

2.被修饰的词叫做先行词The boy who is reading is Tom. 关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 关系副词二.关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose2.关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.who and whom①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

作宾语时，可省略。

The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.作宾语时，可用whom, that替换, 可以省略。

②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.先行词必须是人，作宾语。

2.which先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语This is the book which / that was written in easy English by our English teacher.作主语时，关系词不可省略。

The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作宾语时，关系词可以省略。

注意：which and whom1. whom & which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom & which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。

e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.2.但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。

定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, whi ch, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

[eg：this is the book （which）you want。

]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muc h等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

英语定语从句解题三大技巧技巧一在解题过程中，首先要正确判断是不是定语从句，若是疑问句要将其恢复为陈述句，尤其注意标点符号和是否已有并列连词(如but, and)和从属连词如(if, when)，还要注意是否是强调结构。

如：1. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.A. themB. thatC. whichD. whom分析：答案为D。

注意，定语从句修饰的先行词是people不是wedding，所以不能选C，因为which用于指物；关系代词that不能直接用于介词后作宾语，故排除B；them不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，故可排除A（注：若在most of 前面有并列连词and，则只能选A）。

句意为：约翰邀请了40个人来参加他的婚礼，其中大多数都是家属。

2. He may win the competition, ______ he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which caseB. in that caseC. in what caseD. in whose case分析：答案为A。

由于两句之间没有并列连词，所以不是并列句，故可排除B、C两项；虽然which和whose均可引导定语从句，且均可用作定语，但which的意思与指示代词相似，whose的意思与物主代词相似，根据句意，应选A。

其实，若空格前有并列连词and，则答案应选B。

另外，顺便说一句，in which case是非限制性引导定语从句的惯用表达。

又如：My father may have to go into hospital, in which case I won’t be going on holiday.我父亲可能要住院，如果那样我就不去度假了。

初中英语定语从句专项练习精题一、用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6. This is the school ______I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19. This is the way____he did it.20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.II 用适当的关系词填空：1) I’ll never forget the day on ________ they met for the very first time last summer.2) This is the place _________ he so often mentioned to me.3) The only thing ________ interested him was that he could do anything _________ he wanted to.4) “What a scientist! What wonderful invention!” he talked excitedly about Bill Gates and his Microsoft Company _________ is now a focus (焦点) of newspapers and television.5) He is old, ________ fact is important in this case.6) Finally, the thief handed everything __________ he had stolen.7) We talked about the things and persons _________ we saw then.8) With _________ were you talking?9) This is the very present __________ my mother gave me.10) They are talking about the people and things ________ they are on their way home.11) Which is the bike __________ is made in Shanghai?12) I think this is the most beautiful dress ______ I own.13) Those _______ want to buy the house may sign their names first.14) My sister, __________ you met in Guangzhou, has bought a new car.15) That’s the way _______ they work.III 把下列各题的两句话合并成一个带定语从句的复合句。

定语从句填空练习Class___ Name_________ Marks________一.用关系代词填空.I、用that 、which 、who、whom 、whose填空1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man __________ you went to see has come.4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book____________is on the table is mine.16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _____I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.21. I know the person ______company produces new machines22. She is the engineer _____ work is considered to be the best here.23. This is the person _____ story surprised everybody.24. The woman ______ secret was discovered kept her job in the company.25. This is the boy______mother teaches us Chinese in our school.26. The girl _____ watch was lost cried sadly.27. Please pass me the book _____ cover is black.28. The student _____ shoes are dirty played basketball so well.29. Mr Lee _____ son is my classmate is my English teacher.30. Is this factory the one __________a lot of students visited yesterday?31. The first thing ___________ we should do is to clean the room.32. You should do all ___________ I told you to do.33. The book has nothing ________ interests me.34. The naughty boy can do something _________ will give you trouble.35. This is the tallest building ___________ I have ever seen.36. You can take anything ___________ you like.37. This is the best film ________ has been shown this year.38. He took away everything __________ belonged to him.39. There is no person ________ is always in the right.40. This is the very person __________ I need.41. I have read all the books ________ you gave me.42. He is the only person___________is right.43. I don't have any friends _________ can lend me some money.44. I have read every book__________I can find.45. They talked much _________ had nothing to do with the matter.46. There is little ________ I can give you.47. I will never forget the day ____________ I spent with you.48. I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army.49. This is the factory ____________ my father worked 30 years ago.50. This is the factory _____________ I visited.51. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the country. II. Fill in the blanks with “prep + whom/which” .52. The teacher ____ _______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.53. What‟s the name of the sport _____ ______ you go in a boat?54. Mathematics is the subject ______ _______ I am most interested.55. This is the question ______ __________ we have had a discussion.56. This is the house __________ _________ I was born.57. Is that the girl ________ ________ you lent your bicycle?58. This is the pen ________ _______ I wrote the letter.59. Here is the address _______ _______ you should write60. These are the things _______ ________ I spoke just now.61. Is that the fish _______ _______ you asked the waiter?62. The moon is a ball ______ _______ there are no living things.63. Water is very important to fish, _______ _____ it can't live.64. We love the village _______ _______ we work for two years.65. Peter,______ ______ I played tennis on Sundays, was stronger than I. III. Non-restrictive attribute clause66. Tom won the first prize, ____________ everybody knows.67. Yesterday I met Ling Ping, _______ seemed to be very busy.68. Our teacher, _______ wife is a nurse, is very strict with us.69. She sang a new song, ________ we liked very much.70. He lost my bike, _________ made me unhappy.IV. Fill in the blanks with “where 、why ，when”71. I don‟t know the reason ___________ he was late for the class.72. A birthday is the date _____ one was born.73.Do you know the reason __no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years?二、单项选择1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose2. What‟s the name of the program________.A. which are listeningB. you are listening toC. to that you are listeningD. that you are listening3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A. in whichB. in that thisC. all thatD. in everything4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. in that6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who7. Do you know the student_____?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talkC. I often talk withD. that I often talk8. I like the house_____ windows face south.A. whoseB. who‟sC. it'sD. its9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?A. what I needB.I needC. which I need itD. that I need10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. that11.The pencil____ he was writing was broken.A. whichB. thatC. with thatD. with which12.I should like to use the same TV set____ is used in your classroom.A. whichB. whoC. asD. whose13.I will never forget the day____ we studied together.A. at whichB. on thatC. at thatD. on which14.Galileo built a telescope_____ he could study the skies.A. with whichB. through whichC. through thatD. which15.This shi rt is like the one__we saw yesterday in that shop __John told us about.A. that, whichB. which, whereC. whom; thatD. which, in which16.He is doing such work ____I am.A. asB. whichC. whoD. what17.The exhibition in ___the pictures are on show is on the second floor.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it18.This is the place____ he stayed last year.A. whichB. in whereC. in whichD. in that19.That is the writer ____ a lot of books were written.A. by WhomB. whoC. whoseD. whom20.It is one of the best books_____.A. that have ever been writtenB. that has ever been writtenC. Which have been writtenD. which has been written三、完成句子1. All those_____________________________ (想去长城的) will get togetherat the bus—Stop at six tomorrow morning．2. The building_______________________(座落于我们学校附近的) is a hospital.3. Tom is rea11y the bravest boy___________________________ (我所认的)。

定语从句翻译窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。

整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。

我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。

那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。

你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。

我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。

约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。

他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。

他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。

这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗？这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。

这是他们曾经住过的地址。

他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。

他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。

这是一本封面是蓝色的书。

他不说令她生气的话。

那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。

那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。

正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。

比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。

是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。

你是同谁一起去看的电影？他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。

我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。

我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。

像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。

擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。

那不是我做事情的方法。

他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。

照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。

我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。

只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。

这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。

、他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。

高中英语，定语从句的解题方法定语从句是初高中英语学习的重点语法项目，特别是到了高中，随着内容的深入，考点难度也逐渐加深。

高考对于定语从句的考查形式比较灵活，可以在单项填空中考查，也经常出现在短文改错和语法填空中。

因此，掌握好定语从句对同学们来说是非常重要的。

下面和大家分享有关定语从句的解题方法：1. 识别定语从句首先，我们需要知道什么样的从句是定语从句。

定语从句指的是用一个句子来充当定语，修饰限定一个名词或代词；一般来说，定语从句紧跟在被修饰的词之后，但有时也可能被其他成分把它与被修饰词隔开。

2. 选准关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果这个从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词；如果从句中缺少状语，就需要用关系副词来连接。

举个例子：We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.这个句子的意思是“我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好”。

同学们看这个从句修饰先行词next week，并且从句主语、谓语、表语都有，就是缺少时间状语，所以要填入when。

3. 找准先行词一般来说，先行词在定语从句之前，但有的时候会被插入语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开。

遇到这种情况，同学们可以根据题干中提供的信息，根据语境来找先行词。

举个例子看：Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.这个句子的意思是“艾伦是鸟类和自然风景画家，但是由于某种原因，悄然隐居，退出了所有的人类社会活动”。

根据句子的意思，先行词应该是painter，而不是nature，所以，要填入who。

1.限制性定语从句的翻译1)当限制性定语从句较短时,往往采用合译法. 常把它译成汉语的前置定语,“……的”结构.Space and oceans are the new worldwhich scientists are trying to explore.2)当句子结构较复杂时,往往采用分译法. International business has emerged as a separate branch of management training, because the growing scale and complexity of business transactions across national boundaries gives rise to new and unique problems of management and governmental policy that have received inadequate attention in traditional areas of business and economics.3)在翻译“there be…”结构带的定语从句时，往往采用融合法，即将主从句融合在一起译成独立的句子.There are many documents that are tobe handled within the validity of theletter of credit.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

国际商务作为管理训练的一个分支出现，是由于跨国界的商业交易日益增长的范围和复杂性产生了新的、特殊的管理和政府政策问题。

这些问题没有得到传统的商业和经济领域的足够重视。

（指前照应）许多单证需要在信用证的有效期内办理。

2.非限制性定语从句的翻译1)当非限制性定语从句与它所说明的先行词关系并不是很密切，或从句较长时，一般采用分译法。

He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

He that gains time gains all things. 谁赢得时间，谁就赢得一切。

God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。

Opportunity & luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling. 机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。

Those who make most people happy are the happiest in the world. ─Karl Marx 能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。

──卡尔·马克思1.This is the second article that I have written in English.2.It is the best film that he has ever seen.3.This is the very book that I want to read.4. All that they told me surprised me.5.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.6. Who is the girl that was there?7.It is such a difficult question that no one can work it out.(状语从句)8. It is such a difficult question as no one can work out.9. I don’t like the way in which you talk to your mother.10.She is the only one of the students who comes from the countryside.11.She is one of the students who come from the countryside.12.Is this museum the one that you once visited?13.Is this the museum that you once visited?14.It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.（强调句）15.It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.16.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.17.I bought a Chinese vase, the price of which/ whose price was reasonable.18.I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country, which has a great effect on my life.19. It was in the village (where he grew up) that he set up a new schoolHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understandThey won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。