高二上学期英语Unit12 Fact and fantasy词汇扩展
Unit 12
fiction n.小说n. 虚构, 杜撰; 编造小说; 虚构的文学作品(包括小说、剧本等)
science fiction 科学小说, 科学幻想故事(表示小说时不可数)
It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person. 把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。
Fact[Truth] is stranger than fiction. [谚]事实比小说还离奇。
fictionist小说家fictioneer (尤指粗制滥造的)小说作家
belief n.信念；信心；信仰n. (pl. beliefs) 信仰; 信心;信条信念; 意见
have belief in the masses 相信群众
a person worthy of belief 可以信得过的人
There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents. 没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。
have belief in 相信, 信任
belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。
trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。
Jules V erne 儒勒·凡尔纳（法国作家）
league n.里格（旧时长度单位，约为三英里或三海里）；联盟；社团
balloon n.气球
bulb n.电灯泡；球状物；球茎
make a living 谋生
botany n.植物学
apply vt.应用；运用vi.申请；请求
applied adj.应用的；实用的
foundation n.基础；建立
Aronnax 埃瑞纳克斯（姓氏）
servant n.仆人；公务员；雇员
whale n.鲸；巨大的人（物）
hunter n.猎人；搜索者
set out 出发；上路
collision n.碰撞；（利益、意见等）冲突
companion n.同伴；同伙
overboard adv.从船上落（或抛）入水中；向船外
submarine n.潜水挺
Nemo 尼莫（男子名）
permanent adj.永久的；固定的
guest n.客人；旅客；客座教授
voyage n.航海；航空；航行
Nautilus 诺特拉斯（船名）
iron n.铁
aboard adv.在船（或飞机、车）上；上船；登机
lamp n.灯
dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌
prisoner n.俘虏；失去自由的人；犯人
gentle adj.温和的；温柔的；文雅的
Iceland n.冰岛（欧洲岛国）
layer n.层；地层
marble n.大理石；大理石制品
shore n.岸；滨
luggage n.（总称）行李
in public 公开地；公然
Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦（姓氏）
throw light upon 阐明某事；使某事显得非常清楚
brilliant adj.聪明的；杰出的；耀眼的
phenomenon n.(复phenomena)现象；奇迹
labour n.努力；（体力）劳动
hesitate vi.踌躇；犹豫
creation n.创造；产生
horror n.恐惧；恐怖
hoorible adj.可怕的；令人恐惧的
grave n.墓穴；坟墓
cut up.切碎；剪碎
butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者
curtain n.窗帘；门帘；（舞台上的）幕
lip n.嘴唇；唇状物
brainstorm vt.献计献策n.头脑风暴；突然想到的好主意
1.fiction
2. belief
3. league n. 同盟, 联盟, 社团
Our team plays in the football league. 我们队在足球联赛中参加比赛。
4. balloon n. 气球
5. bulb n. 鳞茎, 球形物; 电灯泡
6. make a living by/make one’s living
7. botany n. 植物学
8. apply vt. 申请应用, 实施; 运用,
apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践apply one\'s mind to专心于...
vi. 适用; 应用(to)请求, 申请, 向...询问
Y ou may apply in person or by letter. 你亲自或通信申请均可。
For particulars apply to the office. 详情请问办事处。
be applied to适用于, 应用于, apply for申请; 请求, 接洽apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事
apply sth. To 把...施于...; 把...运用于... apply to 关系到, 牵涉到applicant n. 申请者, 请求者
9. foundation n. 基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会
to lay the foundations of a new hospital 新医院奠基
He laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work. 他以读书和勤劳奠定了成功的基础。
the foundation of an institution/ an organization
the foundation of the national economy国民经济的基础foundation stone 奠基石found founder
10. servant n. 仆人; 公仆；公务员
A politic ian should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。
Water may be good servants, but bad masters.
11. whale n. 鲸
12. hunter n. 猎人; 搜索者；热切的追寻者
on the hunt (for) 正在寻找hunt for jobs go hunting a fortune hunter 追求财富的人；
13. set out (for) sp
set off for 出发set out to do sth 开始做……
14. collision n. 碰撞, 冲突
collision at sea 海上碰撞come into collision with 和... 相撞［冲突，抵触］
collision with和... 相撞［冲突］Her activities brought her into collision with the law. 触犯了法律
His car had a collision with a truck.
The two planes collided with each other in midair.
collide vi. 碰撞, 抵触collide with v. 冲突conflict n. 冲突
15. companion n. 同伴, 共事者
companions in arms 战友 a faithful companion忠实伴侣
make a companion of 与...作伴，与...为友companionship 伴侣关系；友谊16. overboard adv. 自船上落下, 在船外
He fell overboard. 他从船上掉入水中。
17. submarine n. 潜水艇, 潜艇
18. permanent adj. 永久的, 持久的(lasting enduring) impermanent
permanent address 永久地址 a permanent job固定职业 a permanent committee 常设委员会
19. guest n. 客人, 来宾, 旅客
We have three guests to dinner. 我们有三位客人来吃饭。This hotel has eighty guests. 这家旅馆有80位客人。
20. voyage n. 航程, 航空v. 航海, 航行 a long journey by sea
They made a voyage across the Atlantic.
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space
21. iron n. 铁, 熨斗, 坚强, 烙铁, 镣铐vt. 烫平, 熨, 用铁装备vi.烫衣服
a man of iron 意志坚强的人; 铁面无私的人the Iron Age 【史】铁器时代
a smoothing iron 熨斗put sb. in irons 给某人戴上镣铐
an iron will 坚强的意志strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot 趁热打铁
22. aboard adv. 在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车) prep. 在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)
they went aboard the ship all aboard上船啦
go aboard上船(上飞机等) go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车be on board在[到]船、飞机或车上
go abroad We went on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。
23. lamp n. 灯
There are electric lamps in the streets. 街上有电灯。
24. dislike vt. 讨厌, 不喜欢n.嫌恶
I have taken a strong dislike of [to, for] him. 我极不喜欢他。
I dislike selfish people. 我讨厌自私的人。likes and dislikes 爱好和厌恶
unlike adj. 不同的, 不相似的prep. 不象...,和...不同
For twins, they are very unlike. 作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样
She\'s unlike the rest of her family. 她不同于她家里的其他成员
25. prisoner n. 战俘; 囚犯；犯人
The prisoners planned to escape but failed. 那些囚犯曾计划逃跑但没有成功。
26. gentle adj. 温和的, 文雅的
a gentle wind 和风
27. layer n 层
There is a layer of dust on the dressing-table. Clean it before the guest arrives.
"梳妆台上盖着一层灰尘,在客人来之前,把它擦干净。"
a layer of clay 黏土层This cake has a layer of chocolate in the middle. 这蛋糕中间有一层巧克力。
28. marble n. 大理石,
29. shore n. 岸, 海滨, 支撑柱
off(the) shore离岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陆上
岸bank beach.海滩coast.海岸；海滨seaside 海滨(胜地) 海边
30. luggage n. 行李, 皮箱(=[美] baggage)行李
four pieces of luggage 四件行李package n.包裹, 包belongings n. 财产, 所有物, 相关事物, 亲戚
31. in public adv. 当众, 公开地, 公然地the public in private
32. throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚
can you throw light on the problem?
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
33. brilliant adj. 灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的
brilliant achievements 显赫的成就 a brilliant mind 头脑敏锐的人
a brilliant scientist 一位才华横溢的科学家(bright)
34. phenomenon n. 现象(pl. -na)
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. a social phenomenon社会现象the phenomenon of nature自然现象
a phenomenon among musicians 音乐界的奇才
35. labour n. 劳动, 努力[u]
Labour creates the world.
36. hesitate v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿
hesitating adj. 犹豫的, 踌躇的hesitatingly adv. 支吾其词地, 踌躇地hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇
hesitate at nothing 毫不犹豫地做某事(at about over sth doing sth)
In case you need something, please don\'t hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。
He who hesitates is lost. [谚]当断不断, 必受其患。
Embarrassment caused me to hesitate. 窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。
37. creation n. 创造, 创作物
38. horror n. 惊骇, 恐怖horrible adj. 可怕的, 恐怖的, 讨厌的
the horror of war 战争的恐怖There was a horrible accident here yesterday. 昨天在这里发生了一起可怕的事故。
What a horrible building! 多难看的一座建筑物! What horrible weather!这鬼天气!
39. grave n. 墓穴, 坟墓
40. cut up v. 切碎, 抨击, 歼灭, 使丧气, 胡闹
41. butcher n. 屠夫, 屠户vt. 屠宰, 屠杀
42. curtain n 帘；窗帘；门帘（舞台上的）幕，
43. lip n. 嘴唇, 唇缘
44. brainstorm n. 灵机一动v. 集体讨论
brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem 群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法
1, fiction n.虚构, 杜撰; 编造小说; 虚构的文学作品(包括小说、剧本等)
science fiction 科学小说, 科学幻想故事(表示小说时不可数) horror fiction 恐怖小说romantic fiction/ romantic novels言情小说；swordsman fiction;kungfu novel;martial novels武侠小说
It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person.
把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。
Fact[Truth] is stranger than fiction.[谚]事实比小说还离奇。
fictionist小说家fictioneer (尤指粗制滥造的)小说作家
2, belief n.(pl. beliefs)相信;)信仰; 信心;信条信念; 意见
have belief in the masses相信群众
a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人
There is nothing more natural than a child\'s belief in his parents.
没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。
have belief in相信, 信任
belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。
faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。
3, make a living by/make one’s living gain earn get a living as a
live on
4, apply vt.申请应用, 实施; 运用,
apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践
apply one\'s mind to专心于...
vi.适用; 应用(to)请求, 申请, 向...询问
Y ou may apply in person or by letter.
你亲自或通信申请均可。
For particulars apply to the office.详情请问办事处。
be applied to适用于, 应用于,
apply for申请; 请求, 接洽
apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事
apply sth. to把...施于...; 把...运用于...
apply to关系到, 牵涉到
applicant n.申请者, 请求者
provide supply
5,the foundationof an insititution/an organization
the foundation of the national economy国民经济的基础
foundation stone奠基石found founder
6, servant maid
A politician should be a servant of the people.政治家应当是人民的公仆。Water may be good servants, but bad masters.
7,hunter
on the hunt (for)正在寻找hunt for jobs
go hunting
8,set out (for)sp
set off for 出发
set out to do sth开始做……
9, collision n.碰撞, 冲突
collision at sea海上碰撞
come into collision with和... 相撞［冲突，抵触］
collision with和... 相撞［冲突］
her activities brought her into collision with the law.触犯了法律
his car had a collision with a truck.
The two planes collided with each other in midair.
collide vi.碰撞, 抵触
collide with v.冲突
conflict n. 冲突
10, companion n.同伴, 共事者
companions in arms战友
a faithful companion忠实伴侣
make a companion of与...作伴，与...为友
companionship 伴侣关系；友谊
11, permanent adj.永久的, 持久的(lasting enduring)impermanent
permanent address永久地址
a permanent job固定职业
a permanent committee 常设委员会
12, voyage n.航程, 航空v.航海, 航行
a long journey by sea
they made a voyage across the Atlantic.
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space
13, iron
n.铁, 熨斗, 坚强, 烙铁, 镣铐
vt.烫平, 熨, 用铁装备vi.烫衣服
a man of iron意志坚强的人; 铁面无私的人
the Iron Age【史】铁器时代
a smoothing iron熨斗
put sb. in irons给某人戴上镣铐
an iron will 坚强的意志
趁热打铁strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot
14, aboard
adv.在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车)
prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)
they went aboard the ship
all aboard上船啦
go aboard上船(上飞机等)
go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车
be on board在[到]船、飞机或车上
go abroad
15, dislike vt.讨厌, 不喜欢n.嫌恶
I have taken a strong dislike of [to, for] him.我极不喜欢他。
I dislike selfish people.我讨厌自私的人。
likes and dislikes爱好和厌恶
unlike adj.不同的, 不相似的prep.不象...,和...不同
For twins, they are very unlike.作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样She\'s unlike the rest of her family.她不同于她家里的其他成员16, shore n.岸, 海滨, 支撑柱
off(the) shore离岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陆上
岸bank beach.海滩coast.海岸；海滨seaside 海滨(胜地) 海边17, luggage n.行李, 皮箱
(=[美] baggage)行李
four pieces of luggage 四件行李
package n.包裹, 包belongings n.财产, 所有物, 相关事物, 亲戚18, in public adv.当众, 公开地, 公然地the public
in private
19, throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚
can you throw light on the problem?
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
20, brilliant adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的
brilliant achievements显赫的成就
a brilliant mind头脑敏锐的人
a brilliant scientist一位才华横溢的科学家(bright)
21, phenomenon n.现象(pl. -na)
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon.
a social phenomenon社会现象the phenomenon of nature自然现象
a phenomenon among musicians音乐界的奇才
22,hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿
hesitating adj.犹豫的, 踌躇的hesitatingly adv.支吾其词地, 踌躇地
hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇
hesitate at nothing毫不犹豫地做某事(at about over sth doing sth)
In case you need something, please don\'t hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。
He who hesitates is lost.[谚]当断不断, 必受其患。
Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。
23,brainstormn.灵机一动v.集体讨论
brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem
群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法
24, cut up v.切碎, 抨击, 歼灭, 使丧气, 胡闹
https://www.doczj.com/doc/35318639.html,bour creates the world.[u]
fiction n. 小说；虚构
Fact [Truth] is stranger than fiction. (谚) 事实奇于小说。
belief n. sure feeling that something is true 信念；信仰；相信
She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。
league n. a unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers)
里格[长度单位，相当于3.0法定英里（4.8公里）]
n. group of persons or nations together for common goal联盟；社团
Are they League members? 他们是团员吗？
balloon n. bag that becomes bigger when filled with air or with gas and can
float in the sky 气球
bulb n. 球状物；球茎；灯泡
make a living 谋生
botany n.[u] 植物学
apply v. use; put into practice应用；运用
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
v. ask for 申请；请求
He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。
applied adj.应用的；实用的
applied science 应用科学
foundation n. the act of starting the building of something 基础
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础。
n. the action of founding, establishing；placing on a basis建立
the foundation of a new school 创办一所新学校
servant n. someone who works in another person's house, cooking, cleaning,
etc.
仆人；公务员；雇员
We should always be the servants of the people. 我们应该永远做人民的勤务员。
whale n.[c] a large fish like animal which lives in the sea 鲸
The whale is the largest animal in the world. 鲸是世界上最大的动物。
hunter n. someone who chases wild animals for food or sport猎人；搜索者
set out begin a journey; start 启程；出发；开始
We set out for the Western Hills at 10:30. 我们十点半出发去西山。
collision n. 碰撞[with, against]
His car had a collision with a truck. 他的车子与货车相撞。
n. (利害、意见、目的等的)不一致；冲突
come into collision (with...) (与…) 冲突/抵触/对立
companion n. someone who is with another person同伴；同伙
She seemed to be the companion of the young man. 她似乎是那青年的伴侣。
overboard adv. over the side of a ship or boat into the water向船外；从船上落（或抛）到水时
Don't throw that box overboard. 别把那只箱子抛入水中。
submarine n. ship that can travel under the sea 潜水艇
Some submarines carry many men and stay underwater for several weeks.
有些潜水艇能装很多人，并在水下呆好几个星期。
permanent adj. 永久的；固定的
permanent residence 永久住处
guest n. a visitor, someone whom you have invited客人；旅客
They are expecting a guest to dinner. 他们在等一位客人来吃饭。
voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行；航空
He made a voyage to Japan. 他航行至日本。
iron n.[u] strong hard metal 铁
Strike while the iron is hot. （谚）趁热打铁。
aboard prep. On, in, or into a ship(aeroplane,train, etc.)在船（飞机、火车）上；上船（飞机、火车）They went aboard the ship. 他们上了船。
adv.
It's time to go aboard. 上船（飞机等）的时间到了。
lamp n.[c] thing that gives light灯
He worked for a whole night with the lamp lighted. 他点着灯，整整工作了一夜。
dislike vt. not to like, to hate 不喜欢；讨厌
I dislike being alone. 我不喜欢独居。
n.[c] a feeling of not liking 不喜欢；讨厌
I took a dislike to him. 我讨厌他。
prisoner n. a man who is locked in a prison 囚犯；俘虏
gentle adj. kind and friendly 温和的；温柔的
Mothers are gentle with their babies. 母亲对婴儿总是温柔体贴的。
adj. that moves softly; that feels soft轻柔的；柔和的
The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves. 微风穿过树叶吹了过来。
Iceland n. 冰岛
layer n. a thickness of some material which is laid on or spread over a
surface层；地层
I have three layers of blankets on my bed in winter. 我冬天在床上铺三层毯子
marble n.[u] hard stone for statues and special buildings大理石(制品)
The temple had a marble floor. 教堂有大理石地板。
shore n. ground next to the sea or a big lake 岸；滨
The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在离岸不远的地方。
luggage (总称)行李=(美)baggage
three pieces of luggage 三件行李
in public where other people are, openly 当众；公开地
She is too shy to sing in public. 她很腼腆，不敢在众人面前唱歌。
throw light upon/on 阐明，使……明白/清楚
The fact throws light on the problem. 事实说明了这个问题。
brilliant adj. very clever 非常聪明的；才华横溢的
She is a brilliant student. 她是一个有才华的学生。
adj. very bright 光辉的；辉煌的；耀眼的
She is wearing a brilliant jewels. 她戴着耀眼的珠宝。
phenomenon n.[c] 现象；奇迹(pl. phenomena )
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. 彩虹是自然现象。
labour n.[u] hard work that you do with your hands 劳动；努力
It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour. 我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。hesitate v. to stop and consider before an action犹豫；踌躇
If you hesitate too much, you'll lose the game.
如果你太犹豫，你就会输掉这一局（游戏、球类等）。
creation n.[u] making something 创造；建立
The creation of new playground will benefit the local children.
新游乐场的建立将给当地的孩子带来益处。
horror n.[u] great fear or dislike恐惧；恐怖
She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲开那条蛇。
horrible adj. making one very afraid, very sad, of shocked 可怕的；恐怖的
Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。
grave n. the place where a dead person is put in the ground 墓穴；坟墓
Is there life beyond the grave? 人还有来生吗？
cut up cut small; cut into pieces 切碎；切成小块
The cook is cutting up the meat. 厨子正在切肉。
butcher n. a man who sells meat卖肉者；屠夫
He is a butcher by trade. 他的职业是屠夫。
curtain n. piece of cloth that hangs in front of a window or a door 窗帘；门帘
Will you draw the curtain? 请你拉上窗帘好吗？
n. a large piece of heavy cloth which separates the stage of a theatre from
the audience（舞台上）幕
The curtain dropped on the last scene. 幕在最后一场拉了下来。
lip n. one of the two soft front edges of the mouth 嘴唇；唇状物
She had a cigarette between her lips. 她嘴里叼着一支香烟。
brainstorm n. a sudden clever plan or idea 突然的灵感；突然想到的妙计/好办法=brainwave(英) vt. engage in or organize shared problem solving 献计献策
think of or produce (a solution to a problem, for example) by this method.
想出办法
1. league n.
里格，是旧时长度单位，约为3英里或5千米
同盟，团队
eg. Are they League members?他们是团员吗？
A League member should be an example for the youth to follow.
习语：in league with “暗中合谋，同……暗中勾结”
The police suspected that the bank clerk was in league with the robbers.
警察怀疑银行职员与强盗暗中勾结。
2. fiction
n. 作“小说”意思，为不可数名词
eg. Fact/ Truth is stranger than fiction. （谚）事实奇于小说。
He writes fiction. 他是写小说的。
辨析：fable指借助动物、植物、物品等形象或对话说明某一哲理的寓言，通常寓意在结尾点明。fiction 包括的范围较广，可指短篇、中篇、长篇小说或传奇故事。
This is a bable about a fox.这是一个关于狐狸的寓言。
He prefers light fiction to serious novels.比起严肃小说来，他更喜欢轻松的小说。
n. 作“虚构之事，想像”，是可数名词
eg. His testimony was a complete fiction. 他的证言全是虚构的。
adj. fictional, 虚构的，编造的
He wrote a fictional account of a journey to the moon.
3. hunter
n. 意思为“猎人”可数名词
a famous hunter一位著名的猎手。
vt. hunt 意思为“打猎，搜索” hunt for sb./sth搜索某人/某物
Millions of people hunt and fish for a living.成百万人以打猎和捕鱼为生。
The men were hunting an elephant.人们正在追捕一头象。
I spend the summer and fall hunting for a job.
习语hunt for寻找hunt high and low for 到处寻找
hunt down/ out / up搜索，追捕到go hunting去狩猎
4. collision n.
撞击，collision with sb/ sth 猛撞某人/某物
His car had a collision with a truck.他的车子与货车相撞。
不一致We have no principle collision. 我们没有原则上的冲突。
come into collision with（与……）冲突，抵触，对立
The workers came into collision with the manager.工人们与经理发生了冲突。
v. collide 与……冲突，碰撞，常与with搭配
The two planes collided with each other in midair.
The president collided with the Congress over his budget plans.
总统就预算问题与国会发生了冲突。
辨析：
collide指互相剧烈地撞在一起。He collides with a drunkard at the corner of the street. bump指头部或其他物品碰了某物。He bumped his head against the wall.
clash指因为不一致或不协调而导致冲突。Y our views clashed with mine.
crash指突然猛烈地撞击或坠下而破碎。The airplane crashed on a hillside.
6. voyage
n. 航海，航行，指长途的乘船的旅行。
He made a voyage to Japan.
I wish you a happy voyage.
The voyage from England to India used to take 6 months.
v. 航海，航行于某地，是正式文体的用法
They are voyaging across the Indian Ocean.他们正在作穿越印度洋的航行。
n. voyager, 航海家，海上探险者
a long voyage 一次长的航行in the course of voyage
go on a voyage 航海from a voyage 航行归来
set out on a voyage出发航行
7. aboard
prep. 在船上（飞机、火车上等），其后直接跟交通工具。
eg. We are aboard the train.
The passengers are all aboard the ship.
They went aboard the ship.
adv. 上了船，上了飞机The captain went aboard.
All aboard! 要开船了，大家上船！
8. prisoner
n. 囚犯
prison n. 监狱，监禁
The thief was sent to prison for one year. 这名小偷被监禁一年。
Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.
许多人认为监禁解决不了犯罪问题。
9. gentle adj.
慷慨的，温厚的，友好的
The nurses are very gentle.护士们待人温和亲切。
Mothers are gentle with their babies.母亲对婴儿总是温柔体贴的。
She has a gentle heart.她有一颗善良（或温柔）的心。
轻柔的，柔和的
The boy has a gentle spirit.
The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves.
gentle manners文雅的举止 a gentle smile柔和的微笑
a gentle slope不那么陡的坡，缓坡 a gentle voice柔和的声音
a gentle tap on the shoulder在肩上轻轻地拍了一下
10. phenomena
现象，通常指不寻常或具科学性的现象。这是复数形式，其单数形式是phenomenon.
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon.彩虹是自然现象。
phenomenon在口语中指非凡之人 a child phenomenon神童
11. labour
(1)n.劳动，不可数Labour creates the world.劳动创造世界
It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour.
(2)n. 劳工，工人，不可数
We must have extra labour for the post at Christmas.
Labour favours a seven hour day.
v. 劳动，工作，苦干，努力
They laboured for the happiness of mankind.
They laboured for two days to build a shelter.
v. 步履艰难She laboured up the steps with her two bags.
He laboured up the hill. 他吃力地爬上山去。
辨析：labour 多指艰苦的、紧张的、劳累的体力劳动，也可指脑力劳动。
They earth their living by manual labour. 他们靠体力劳动来维持生计。
hard labour 艰苦劳动
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.
job是可数名词，常指具体的某一个工作，它即可指固定工作，也可指临时性工作，常与“失业”相对应。job还可用于对一件事情表示褒贬。
Y ou did a good job.
He got a part-time job as a salesman.
work是不可数名词，常与“休息”相对应。Work含义较广，既可指体力劳动、脑力劳动，又可指机器与自然力所做的工作；既可指长期的工作，也可指短期的工作。
I have a lot of work to do this evening.
Computers do much of the office work formerly（从前）done by man.
It takes a lot of work to make a channel under the sea.
(5)习语：
labour and capital劳资labour discipline劳动纪律
manual labour体力劳动Labour Party工党
labour union工会Labour Day劳动节
labour reform劳动改造labour trouble劳资纠纷
labour under受苦，受……影响the hardest mental labour最艰苦的脑力劳动
labour service company劳动服务公司
12. hesitate
(1) v. 犹豫，踌躇hesitate at/ about/ over sth.
Andrew hesitated before he took the last cake.
If you hesitate too much, you’ll lose the game.
He hesitates at nothing.
He’s still hesitates about joining/over whether to join the expedition.
(2) v. 不愿，不欲，常与to搭配hesitate to do sth 不愿做某事
I hesitate to take the risk.
I always hesitate to advise my friends on what to read.
(3)怕麻烦别人
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to a sk me.
n. hesitation犹豫，踌躇
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
She agreed without the slightest hesitation.
His frequent hesitations annoyed the audience.
13. grave
(1)n. 墓穴、坟墓Is there life beyond the grave?
(2) adj. 重大的，严重的
I made a grave mistake.我犯了一个严重的错误。
This is grave news.
(3) look grave面孔严肃 a grave consequence严重后果
a grave situation严重的局势grave words语重心长的话
from the cradle to the grave从生到死turn in one’s grave死不瞑目dig one’s own grave自掘坟墓silent as the grave寂静无声的14. foundation
n. [U] 建立，创立，创办
He devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university.
n. [C, U]（作为某事的）基本原则，思想或事实；基础
This success laid the foundation of his career.
* foundation course基础课foundation-stone奠基石
found v. 建立，创立founder n. 建立者，缔造者
15. overboard
(1)adv. 从船上落（或抛）入水中，在船外
They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea.
The sailor jumped overboard into the sea.
(2)go overboard (about sb./sth.)对（某人/某事）极感兴趣或过分感兴趣
He goes overboard about every young woman he meets.
(3)Throw sth./sb. overboard抛弃某事物，除掉或不再支持某人
After heavily losing the election, the party threw their leader overboard.
辨析：aboard adv. 在船（飞机、车）上；上船（飞机、车）
board vt.上车，上船
on board 在船（车等）上，上船（车等）
abroad adv. 在国外，到国外
16. apply
申请；使/应/运用
I have made up my mind to apply for a scholarship.
Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes.
涂，贴用；适用；与……直接有关
Apply the paint evenly to both sides of the door.
He examined the cut and applied a plaster.
The questions in the second half of the form apply only to married men.
apply oneself to致力于，专心于
He has a lot of talent, but he won’t apply himself.
Y ou will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.
(4) adj. applied应用的，实用的
17. companion
(1)n. [C]同/伙伴，伴侣
My fellow prisoners were good companions.
A dog is a faithful companion.
(2) 受雇陪伴老人或病人者；成对/双物之一
She was acting as a companion to the old lady.
The companion volume will soon be published.
adj. companionable友好的，好交际的n. companionship 友谊，朋友或伴侣的关系18. dislike
vt. 不喜爱，厌恶，该词不能用于进行时态，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Why do you dislike her so much?
I dislike having to get up early.
n. [C,U] 厌恶，讨厌，反感
She took an immediate dislike to him.
We all have our likes and dislikes.
19. in public公开地，当众反义词in private
He repeated in public what he had said in private.
She was appearing in public for the first time since her illness.
in the public eye广为人知的
20. throw light on 使……清楚起来，提供线索，也可以表达为cast light on,或shed light on. Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease.
The new facts throw some light on the matter.
Let Mrs. Danvers read the note. She may be able to throw light on it.
21. brilliant adj.光亮的，光辉夺目的，灿烂的；聪颖的，技艺高超的
The sun shone in a brilliant blue sky.
I was a good student, above average, but not brilliant.
He predicted a brilliant future for the child.
adv. brilliantly n. brilliance聪颖；鲜明，灿烂，光辉
Dorothy Sayers was a writer of tremendous brilliance.
He acted brilliantly in a wide range of parts.
22. set out 动身，出发；陈列，安排；陈/ 阐述
She set out at dawn.
The brushes and paints had been set out.
The gardens have been beautifully set out.
Darwin set out his theory in detail in The Origin of Species’.
* set out to do sth./ set about doing sth.开始/着手做……
We set out to paint the whole house./ We set about painting the whole house.
She set out to break the world land speed record.
*set off与set out两词有时可互换，但有时是有区别的
（1）set off出发，发射
The driver suggested that we should set off before seven in the morning in order to avoid traffic jam. The children gathered in the garden to set the fireworks off.
(2) set out出发；打算
The Chinese expedition set out for the North Pole yesterday.
I set out to make the dress by myself, but in the end I had to ask for help.
23. cut up 指用刀或其他工具把某物切成小块，切碎，剪碎；割伤，挫伤某人。
He was badly cut up in the fight.
辨析：
cut away （自某物上）切除；剪去；砍掉某物
They cut away all the branches from the tree.
cut out剪成，砍成，剪成或开辟出某事物；剪裁衣服；删除某事物。
Y ou can cut out the unimportant details.
cut down砍伤要害，自基础部分砍倒；减少数额，减少消耗；砍价。
He was asking $400 for the car, but we cut him down to $350.
24. make a living谋生，生存之道，生计，收入
He made a living as a journalist, by/from writing.
They are making a good living.
It is possible to make a very good living from modeling.
初中英语词汇课的教学设计 [内容摘要]词汇量是构成语言的的基础,学生只有储存了丰富的英语词汇,才会自主学习,为英语学习打下良好的基础。初中阶段是学生记忆的黄金阶段，教师要想方设法培养孩子的学习兴趣，让孩子们快乐地学习，快乐地成长。教师要授人以鱼，教会孩子们学习方法。而学会学习和发展是素质教育的要求,也是《英语》(新课准)的指导思想。 一、教学内容:初中阶段的单词和词组。 二、教学目标: 1、提高、激发学生学习英语词汇的兴趣,培养学习的自觉性和合作精神。 2、会拼读单词,掌握常见的使用方法。 3、掌握词汇的记忆方法,以及各种变化方式。 4、培养词汇的听、说、读、写技能,形成一定的语言运用能力。 5、借助情感因素,营造亲切、和谐、活泼的课堂气氛,促进学习思维。 6、拓展视野,培养爱国主义精神,形成健康的人生观。 三、教学重点:词汇的记忆和拓展。 四、教学难点:词汇的综合运用。 五、教学方法:启发式、讨论式、表演式、多媒体等。 六、教学用具:课件、实物、图片。 七、课时:一节 八、学情分析: 1、有利条件:大部分学生在小学时已经学习了英语,有了词汇学习的基础,具备了不少简单的词汇积累,在教师指导下能够完成学习任务。 2、不利条件:由于初中阶段词汇量的增多,让学生增加了许多记忆上的困难。同时初中生受年龄特征的局限,很难在词汇的学习中有更多的付出,更不可能加以全面拓展。 九、教学过程: 1、复习导入 ①老师让学生跟录音大声朗读上一节课教授的单词,以便复习巩固。 ②全班同学关上课本,由老师朗读要听写的单词(10个),学生听写(写出单 词与意思)。 ③最后老师抽查一个小组,其它组用3分钟检查并改正。 2、教授词汇的方法 词汇是组成英语河流的源头,对学生来讲,掌握好学习英语词汇方法就像盖大楼打好地基一样重要,若不掌握好一定的词汇量,想学好、用好英语便是空想。在多年的教学实践当中,在词汇教学方面,我用下面方法有意识地培养学生记忆能力和教学设计。 ①利用字母和字母组合的读音规则，掌握单词的拼写形式。在词汇教学中，要注意音和形的统一与结合，使学生把一定的音同可能对应的形联系起来，又
高中英语词汇训练测试（一） Unit 1—Unit 8 姓名分数 一、根据汉语写出单词的正确形式。（每小题一分） 1. Speaking with a strong （口音）, be was laughed at sometimes. 2. Free （住宿）will be provided for all the contestants. 3. All the children must be （陪伴）by adults when riding the roller coaster. 4. His boss doesn't （欣赏）his talents, making him depressed. 5. Please ask him to leave his （地址）to us. 6．You should be （羞耻的）of yourself for telling such lies. 7. He was________(意外地) caught stealing when a postman was sending mail. 8. At school, we not only a （获得）knowledge but also improve ourselves in other aspects． 9. The students' union （倡议，提倡）that we beautify the campus by planting trees 10. （酒精的）drinks are forbidden in this restaurant. 11. He is so （好斗的）that his classmates tend to avoid him. 12. As an （有抱负的）young man, I aim high and spare no effort to achieve my goal. 13. After （分析）the situation, we agreed to take action immediately. 14. The book will teach you how to deal with (焦虑)in an effective way. 15. The （申请者)are required to hand in their resumes before May 15th. 16. His remarks aroused an （争论）among the people present. 17. After-class （活动）are treated as an essential part of school life. 18. I dream of being an （建筑师）in the future. 19. He went onto the stage and the audience began to （鼓掌）him for his courage. 20. （运动员）from all parts of the world will take part in the competitions. 21. My teachers are good at creating a relaxing （气氛）for us. 22. My neighbor is related to the （企图的）murder. 23. They entered the hall through the （自动的）door. 24. Don't judge others by （外貌）． 25. The freshmen are listening to the pre8ident （专心地）． 26. It is really a （廉价货）compared with goods of the same quality. 27. I will help to clear away all the （障碍）on the path ahead. 28. We were amazed at the （美）of nature. 29. I sleep for an （平均）of eight hours every day. 30. They can provide practical courses, especially for the （初学者）． 二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。（每小题一分） 1. Theories are too abstract to be understood by kids. 2. The family members of the performers will have free admission. 3. There is an abundant supply of fresh water in this area. 4. We must stop abusing animals. 5. We were all shocked by his account of the accident. 6. The country children have access to good education now.
高中英语词汇教学 高中英语词汇教学 一、音、形、义相结合法。英语是一种拼音文字,也是一种有声的语言。“音、形、义是构成一个单词的三个要素。音—读音，是词的语音形式;形—拼写，是词的书写形式;义—词汇意义和语法意义，指词的含义。”高中阶段进行词汇教学时，教师应该要求学生利用读音规则拼读单词，根据读音记住单词、写出单词，而不是靠死记硬背记单词。 二、语境释义法。重视培养学生在具体语境中对多义多类词的理解与判断能力。英语中词语的唯一性现象是很少见的，英语词汇基本上是多义词。所以，对英语词汇的理解就必须基于具体的语境，脱离了语境，词汇的含义往往是不确定的。在上阅读课时，教师要培养学生对多义词在文章中的确切含义的理解与判断能力。 三、指导学生掌握记忆方法,提高记忆效率。教师应耐心指导学生掌握记忆的科学方法，让学生调动多种感官，运用多种方法识记词汇。充分调动学生的积极性和主动性，注重对记忆策略的指导，使学生乐于探索词汇之间的联系，掌握记忆规律，逐渐培养记忆能力，强调在理解的基础上记忆、在联想对比中记忆、同类词分类记忆、在实际运用中记忆。 四、指导学生及时复习巩固。遗忘是一种普遍存在的心理现象，学习后的前几天遗忘得很快而以后则逐渐变慢。因此，学生合理的复习方法应是及时复习与延后复习相结合，在学习单词后每两天最好及时复习一次，以后复习间隔逐渐变大，这样就可以得到巩固，使保持效果始终处于较高水平。凡是前边学过的单词，教师要有意识地在后边的课堂教学中让它们反复出现，从而加强学生的记忆。还可以把学过的单词让学生通过活动和游戏在课堂上应用，并不断
地学、用、玩,使学过的单词得到巩固、深化，也使课堂教学过程的 交际化变得容易。 词汇是语言学习的基石。对于高中生来说，词汇量直接影响到写作与阅读理解。因此，词汇量的积累也就显得尤为重要。在教学中，教师有必要向学生说明词汇学习的重要性和艰巨性，指导学生首先 从识记单词的科学方法出发，在不同的语境中体会词汇的应用，从 而真正掌握词汇，增强词汇运用能力，提高英语水平。
初中英语词汇教学案例 词汇是语言的基础，句子是语言的骨架。学生学习语言，其语法无论学得多么好，语音无论掌握得多么漂亮，没有词汇来表达各种意义，交际沟通就难以实现。正因为如此，一个人掌握词汇的广博和牢固程度，都直接影响他的语言表达能力，影响他思想表达的丰富与准确程度。因此，作为英语教学的重要环节的词汇教学对提高学生的英语水平就显得尤其重要了。本人作为基层一名中学英语教师，从事英语教学也有十几个年头，就如何有效地进行英语词汇教学，让学生真正理解掌握英语，并能够有效地运用英语进行交际。在这里就和大家谈谈我个人的感悟，和大家一起探讨，有改进之处，望给予宝贵意见和建议。 一．借助实物及图片学习生词，结合句子进行单词教学 对于每个单元单词较为具体的一些单词，可借助实物、挂图、以及身势语等进行直观情景教学，使学生眼看实物、听到声音、口头拼读出来，做到音、形、义三者相结合，这样不仅使单词教学具体、生动、形象、而且能激发学生学单词的兴趣。语言的应用单位是句子，从教学法的角度看，整句学习，学生可以学会单词的意思和用法，能逐步学会流利自然的语音和语调。 1．实物和图片：用实物教学单词是学生最容易接受、记忆最深、保持最久的方法，它把单词的发音、拼写与实物直接联系在一起，有助于记忆，如：教七年级UNIT2: “Is this your pencil?时，为了方便句式的练习，并增强生动性，我和学生都带一些实物等，教学中让学生拿实物问答：如：What's this ? It's an apple. Is this your apple? Yes,it is/No,it isn’t等。在教学过程中，学生纷纷拿出自己所带实物进行演练，课堂气氛活跃，学生口语得到充分训练，不但学习了知识，训练了语音、语调，而且表达能力得到了一定程度的提高。 2．身势语和表情：在英语教学中，很好利用肢体语言和表情进行教学也是一种行之有效的教学方法。如一些动词：run、 jump、 clap、 shake等，还有一部分表示情感的形容词如happy、smile、sad、angry、cry 等；对于一些描述动植物的名词，如Panda, tiger, elephant, cat, dog, monkey.若能结合简笔画，在教学中词汇学习效果将会更好。. 二、提高学生单词记忆的能力 初中英语单词量较小学要多，对学生英语学习的要求也较高。作为第二语言的学习，在初学英语的阶段，教师不仅要引导学生机械记忆的学习，更要有意识地引导学生用总结、归纳去加强理解记忆，这样单词的掌握速度就会明显提高。笔者在对七年级学生进行词汇讲解时，常用以下两种方法： 1、利用构词法：（合成词和派生词） ①、合成词：如pen friend, doorbell, newspaper, sunlight(名词+名词);downstairs, upstairs, outside(副词+名词);something, anything(不定代词+ thing);loudspeaker, blackboard(形容词+名词)等
高二英语知识运用与词汇期末复习题 单项选择 1 Had you listened to the doctor, you _______ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2 Important people don't have muchfree time as their work ____________ all their time. A takes away B takes over C takes up D takes in 3 In the eyes of the newly-elected prime minister, there is never too small a thing as far as the farmers _______ . A. are concerning B. concern C. are concerned D. concerned 4 If you go for a long ride in a friend ' s car, it ' s the __________ to offer to pay some of the _____ . A. habit; expenses B. custom; expense C. custom; expenses D. habit; expense 5 _______ you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere. A. With B. For C. As D. What 6 I'm afraid my coming will ____________ your trouble. A. add B. add up C. add to D. add up to 7 My suggestion is that the meeting _______ off till next Sunday. A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put 8 A new hospital will be _______ here to help people in the area. A. set up B. set out C. set off D. set down 9 Computers are now _______ to every teacher in our school. A. popular B. useful C. available D. enjoyable 10 The problem just _______ is a very important one.
选修6各单元词汇专项练习Unit 1 Art 一. 单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇） 1. The word “honesty” is an a____________ noun. 2. Which do you like better, his paintings or s______________? 3. There are many art g_____________ in New York. 4. They are put on an e______________ of French paintings next week. 5. An a________________ country is always ready to start a war 6. His a_______ is to be a successful writer. 7. You’ll soon be c____________ that she is right , though you think not now. 8. The prisoners a___________ to escape, but failed. 9. The keys are in the p________________ of the boss. 10. She was the f__________ of everyone’s attention at the party. 11. In the picture the tree is the s__________ of life while the snake stands for evil. 12. He has lost his b____________ in the God. 13. The expert p____that there will be an earthquake in that area in the near future. 14. He made a r__________ drawing of a horse. (他画了一匹栩栩如生的马) 15. I’m afraid I have never been much of a ________________(学者). 16. You look r_______________ (可笑的)in those tight jeans. 17. The professor made a ______________ speech. ( 可能引起争议的) 18. Was Johnson _________ （同时代的）with Shakespeare ? 19. Would you please let me know your p_______________ address( 固定地址) ? 二．根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- focus on feel like look through in the flesh break away from scores of lead to a great deal in possession of consequently convince of full of on the other hand bunch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.When she wore the dress, Jane ___________ a princess. 2.They are _____________ urgent problems at present. 3.The thief managed to _____________________the policeman. 4.Your explanation has _______ me _____ a clear understanding. 5.I was _________________ a magazine in the bedroom when she called me. 6.You can’t be __________________????__ the house until all the papers have been sign ed. 7.I got up late and ___________ I was late for my plane for Beijing. 8.I have __________ CDs at home. Would you like to come and enjoy some. 9.The film star looks thinner ________________ than in the photograph. 10.We should value it , because it has cost us ____________. 11. He hurried home, ________ fear. 12.We couldn’t _____________ him _____ his mistake. 13.On one hand I valued his friendship, but ________________________ I disliked his self-pride and selfishness. 三. 句子翻译。 1.“福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。” Mr. Foster has never been to China.______________, he knows very little about it. 2.他劝我应该学法律。 He ________________me that I should study law. 3.她有丰富的教学经验。 She has ___ _______ ________ _____ teaching experience. 4.足球比赛的比分是四比一。 The ________ in the football game was 4 - 1. 5.我们有相同的宗教信仰。 We share the same ______ .
高中英语词汇教学与跨文化意识的培养 上海市育才中学张继龙 论文摘要： 高中生词汇量小、搭配贫乏、常常出现误用、错用词语的情况，这是一线教师感觉头痛但又很难解决的问题。深究其原因，笔者认为问题主要是学生的词汇输入模式制约了学生的词汇输出模式，即词汇教学一直在脱离目标语文化的环境下进行。语言、文化、教学的关系已为现今的外语教学所公认，本文从教学一线出发，结合课本素材，探讨课堂词汇教学如何渗透文化意识，以期学生词汇学习的原汁原味和语言运用的完整贴切。 高中词汇教学应特别关注那些概念相同但内涵不同的词语，逐渐养成跨文化意识。除此之外，在词汇教学中加入词汇的社会意义和搭配意义则可以保证学生词汇运用的恰当性，防止学生乱用词语。 关键词： 高中英语；词汇教学；文化意识 一、引言 长期以来，词汇教学都受到诸多关注和重视，但却因为讲解形式单一、操练过程乏味、相互关联缺失、复现率偏低等问题，致使教师和学生都感到厌倦，却又不能置之不理。尽管大量的时间和精力被投放到词汇学习上，可学生的词汇运用能力并不见长，经常看到学生因为词汇运用方面的问题而不能很好地完成简单的阅读和翻译等语言活动。常常表现为单个单词吧，都背了，但放在一定的语境中却不能正确理解；看似简单的翻译练习，却无法用地道的英语来表达，要么用错词、要么用词不当，更不用说在写作时出现的大量中式英语了。词汇输入模式的局限性影响了学生对于词汇文化因素的吸收，从而造成了许多学习者词汇理解及使用上的偏差，影响了跨文化交际能力的提高。 上海市二期课改明确提出，英语语言教学需开拓学生的国际视野、培养跨文化意识，尊重异域文化和习俗，形成开放包容的情感态度和价值观念。语言是文化的载体，而词汇又是语言的基本构成要素。中西方文化差异在词汇层面上体现的非常突出，涉及的面也最为广泛。了解词汇层面上的中西方文化差异既有助于
Vol.10No.1 2013年1月 第10卷第1期 Journal of Hubei University of Economics(Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报（人文社会科学版） Jan.2013一、词汇教学的重要地位 词汇是语言的三大要素之一，是语言的建筑基石。正如英国语言学家威尔金丝所言：“没有语法，人们表达的事物寥寥无几，而没有词汇，则无法表达任何事物。”可见，词汇在语言中占有重要位置。对于语言学习者、使用者来说，词汇知识是他们语言能力的一部分，在一定程度上，学生词汇量的多少能反映其英语水平，并决定其听、说、读、写诸方面的能力。 现代大学英语教学是以培养交际能力为目的，掌握大量词汇是培养交际能力的先决条件，否则语言交际就不能顺利进行。另外，英语学习的侧重点也从测试语法点转化为分析语篇，这就要求学生接受大量的语言信息，而语言信息来源于词汇，因此，学生掌握大量词汇才可以有效地进行交际和阅读。可见，在英语教学中，词汇教学占有重要地位。 二、词汇教学存在的问题 在多年的精读教学中，笔者发现学生在掌握词汇方面是薄弱的，他们不能理解句子的意思往往不是因为不懂语法，而是不理解单词的意义。通过了解学生记忆单词和教师讲解单词的方法，笔者发现词汇的教与学存在着以下一些问题： （一）教师在教学中重视语法教学，忽视词汇教学。传统的语法翻译教学法在中学英语教学中占主导地位，在一定程度上也影响了大学英语教学。 （二）教师讲课过多地重视课文主要意思和结构，忽视了讲单词，许多教师认为学生在中学已经学会了语音，会读单词，不应该花费课堂时间讲词汇，而应该集中讲课文。事实上，学生们虽然认识到词汇的重要性，但努力记单词并没有取得良好效果，学生感到很困惑。 （三）教师用字典解释单词，然而学生可能不理解新单词在不同语境中的真正含义。大部分学生依赖于字典学习词汇，而不能适当地、确切地运用单词。一个单词有多种意义，学生们不能确定在某个句子中的单词的确切意义。 （四）许多教师用近义词讲新单词，然而不区分近义词的差异。 （五）学生还有一系列其他问题，一词多义是学生学习的障碍，词语搭配对学生来说是很复杂的事情，词汇的内涵意义也不容易掌握。 因此教师应重视词汇教学，用好的方法教学生，尤其是精读课上，教师应把词汇与课文内容联系起来讲，这样学单词就不枯燥无味，在其他课上也要有意识地讲解新词，同时复习旧词，有效地提高记忆效率。我们作为教师，过去没有充分重视词汇教学，认为只要教会学生读单词，理解基本意思，学生自己背，老师再听写，这样就完成了词汇教学。事实上，教师应该用有效的方法教词汇，扩大学生的词汇量，深化词汇知识的深度。语言学家Laufer 曾说过，扩展词汇不仅是一个量的问题，词汇知识可能在不同的学习阶段从表层发展至深层，扩展词汇也不仅是熟悉新单词，它还包括加深已学过单词的知识，词汇的深度和词汇量是同等重要的。 三、词汇教学的策略和方法 为了使学生有效地、科学地学习记忆词汇，笔者提出以下几种方法，帮助学生提高记忆效率。 （一）语音教学 语音与词汇有密切的关系，学好语音对词汇有很大帮助。教师在讲新词时，首先应从读音开始，让学生掌握一定的读音规则，把握好重音、弱读等规律，严格要求学生养成准确发音的习惯。然后是单词拼写，引导学生掌握字母以及字母组合的发音规律。在记忆过程中，要让学生掌握英语单词中读音和拼写之间的对应关系，使学生把音和形联系起来，看词能读，听音会写。如：有一个发音组合：元音+辅音+不发音的e ，在这个组合中，字母e 不发音，元音字母通常发本身音。如果学生了解了这个规则，那么看到take ，use ，bike 等这种组合的词就会准确地读出来，听到时也会准确地拼写了。总之，学生掌握了读音规则，单词读准了，拼写的准确率也会随之提高，记忆单词会变得相对轻松。 （二）构词教学 语言是随着人类社会的发展而产生并发展的，许多新词的产生遵循语法规则，有一定的规律，也就是我们所说的构词法。学习英语单词的构词法，有助于提高记忆效率。常见的构词法主要有派生法、合成法、转化法。 派生法即在词根上加前缀或后缀构成新词，了解前缀、词根、后缀的意思，就可以记住几个词，如：由character 联想到 characterize ，characteristic ，characterization 。 大学英语词汇教学浅析 胡凌海 （忻州师范学院专科部，山西忻州034000） 摘 要：词汇是语言的建筑基石，在语言中占有重要位置。学生掌握大量的词汇，阅读和交际才能有效地顺利地 进行。因此词汇教学成为大学英语教学中的一个非常重要的部分，本文分析了词汇教学存在的问题并提出了一些词汇教学的策略和方法。 关键词：大学英语；词汇教学；策略；方法
初一英语词汇教学案例 七年级上册Unit 8月份和序数词的教学 江西省进贤县罗溪中学杨洪国 一、教学内容分析： 本单元是人教版新目标英语七年级( 上)第八单元，主要围绕“When is your birthday?”这一主题展开各种教学活动，将十二个月份的名称、序数词的学习融入到一系列的小任务中，学生通过询问对方的生日来完成一个最终的目标，即学会应用日期的表达方法。 二、教学目标 1、语言知识目标 1）Months：January，February，March，April，May，June，July，August，September，October，November，December。 2）Ordinal Numeral：first，second，third，fourth，fifth，seventh，eighth，ninth，tenth ，eleventh，twelfth，twentieth，twenty-third，thirtieth ，thirty-first 3）Structures: When is your birthday? My birthday is …. 2、能力目标 （1）能够听、说、认、读12个月份的名称，并能书写其缩写格式。 （2）掌握序数词的构成以及会运用序数词表示日期。 （3）能够使用句型：When is your birthday ? My birthday is in/on… 3、情感目标 本单元的话题是谈论生日。学习内容贴近学生的生活。学生通过互相询问生日的日期，可以增进同学间的了解和友情并学会在英语交流中注意他人的情感。通过和同学合作、交流学会如何交际和关爱他人。 三、教学重点和难点 （1）教学重点：掌握12个月份的名称并能书写其缩写形式，能够运用句型：When is your birthday ? My birthday is in/on … （2）教学难点：序数词的构成特点以及会运用序数词表示日期。 四、教学准备： 录音机、多媒体辅助教学、12个月的英语单词卡片 五、教学过程 1、导入 问学生：Are you happy today?告诉学生说：I am very happy today .Because today is my birthday.Would you like to sing a song for me? Sing the song “Happy birthday”together. (Play the flash of this song. ) 集体唱生日快乐歌。营造轻松活跃的课堂气氛，让学生带着积极活跃的心情进入课堂。 伴随着大屏幕“生日快乐”的音乐声，向学生设问：“你知道自己的生日吗？你知道爸爸、妈妈的生日吗？你知道朋友的生日吗？你想学会用英语谈论你和别人的生日吗？这节课我们将学习相关知识。” 2、单词的讲授和学习
高二英语词汇总复习北师大版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 高二词汇总复习 【模拟试题】 Part 1 1. _______ （准确）is more important than speed in his new job. 2. He can speak French with Great ______________ （流利）. 3. The youth like to follow the latest ______________ （趋势）in fashion. 4. We cannot ______________ （保证）the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather. 5. This kind of desk can be ______________ （调整）to the height you need. 6. I ______________ （祝贺）myself on my narrow escape. 7. This wounded soldier was ______________ （没有知觉）from his loss of blood. 8. We’ve decided to ______________ （谈判）with the employers about our wage claim. 9. The ______________ （文凭）is very important for him to get the job. 10. She was ______________ （窘迫）when they asked her age. 11. The competition is open to both ______________ （业余的）and professional photographers. 12. He is always ______________ （准时的）for appointments. 13. The car was ______________ （注册）in my name. 14. The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners ______________ （加速）. 15. Commercial television is an effective ______________ （媒介）for advertising. 16. The police had the photograph of the missing girl ______________ （放大）. 17. In my estimation, he is a more suitable ______________ （候选人）. 18. They have ______________ （包围）the town with troops. 19. She’s going in for the Cambridge First ______________ （证书）. 20. In the ______________ （不在场）of the manager I shall be in charge.
高中英语词汇教学内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
高中英语词汇教学 记忆单词一直是英语教学的难点，现行人教版的英语教材大幅度地增加词汇量，中考时要求的单词和短语由原来的1600多增加至3500多，使高中老师和学生面临巨大的挑战。传统的记忆单词多以死记硬背、重复训练为主，比较机械、枯燥、乏味，不仅耗费时间，而且效率不高，成为学生苦恼，老师头疼的问题。本文将重点探讨一下高中英语词汇教学的问题。 一、英语词汇教学的重要性 英语是当今世界上最通用的国际语言。在我国，英语已经走进中小学校的课堂，随着社会的发展，国际事务的接轨，英语和作为英语语言构建材料的英语词汇也不断地丰富和充实起来。词汇教学历来是外语教学的一个重要组成部分，而良好的教学方法更能使教师学生教学英语词汇得到事半功倍的效果。 二、词汇教学现状及存在问题 1、教学现状 高中英语教学的主要目标是着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，同时也侧重考核学生的阅读能力。因此，在教学中一直以来都是把重点放在如何培养和提高学生的阅读能力上，而对于词汇教学却过于简单地处理了。 在教学方法上：在处理完课文的层次阅读理解之后，把课文里出现的一类重点词汇挑选出来，然后进行逐一的讲解，重点讲授词汇的用法和习惯搭配，然后举例板书，学生在老师讲解时记笔记。每节词汇课下
来学生都要记好几页笔记，手都写酸了，而教师有时一节课要写几黑板的板书，一身粉笔灰，噪子都哑了，师生都感觉有些身心疲惫，根本没有“乐学”的感觉，课后作业通常是让学生背记笔记并做词汇练习，如填空、选择或翻译，这样就是完成了单元词汇教学。 2、存在问题 （1）教学效果很不明显，尽管在词汇教学上用了大量的时间，做了大量的笔记，可是，教学效果并不明显。学生的听力、口语严重滞后，死记硬背造成沉重的脑力负担，致使学生对英语失去兴趣，遗忘快，尤其是后进生，在口语、书面表达中，用词不当，学生的考试成绩并不理想。更重要的是，学习词汇的目的是学生能够灵活地运用语言，可是尽管他们反复地学习了词汇知识，在运用上还是经常出错误。例如：讲determine的用法是determine to do sth 决心做某事，强调动作；be determine to do sth决心做某事，强调状态，可是学生还是反复地犯错误，如翻译句子“我们已决定在周五前完成这项工作”，应为“we have determined to get the work done before Friday。”再如“我们决心在周五前完成这项工作。”应为“we are determined to get the work done before Friday”。 （2）压抑了学生的个性发展，这种词汇教学模式严重地影响了学生学习英语的积极性，消弱了学生用英语进行交际的能力。学生是主观能动的个体，有自己的思维，而当前的词汇教学是单纯地由教师在课堂上讲授知识，学生只是做笔记，后进生甚至连笔记都记不上，更谈不上做一些翻译题了，整节课学生都是在被动地接受知识，没有在课堂上发挥
初一英语词汇教学案例 Unit 8月份和序数词的教学七年级上册 杨洪国江西省进贤县罗溪中学 一、教学内容分析：your When is )第八单元，主要围绕“本单元是人教版新目标英语七年级( 上 这一主题展开各种教学活动，将十二个月份的名称、序数词的学习融birthday?”即学入到一系列的小任务中，学生通过询问对方的生日来完成一个最终的目标，会应用日期的表达方法。二、教学目标1、语言知识目标，August，July，，April，May，June：1）MonthsJanuary，February，MarchSeptember，October，November，December。 2）Ordinal Numeral：first，second，third，fourth，fifth，seventh，eighth，ninth，tenth ，eleventh，twelfth，twentieth，twenty-third，thirtieth ，thirty-first 3）Structures: When is your birthday? My birthday is …. 2、能力目标 （1）能够听、说、认、读12个月份的名称，并能书写其缩写格式。 （2）掌握序数词的构成以及会运用序数词表示日期。 （3）能够使用句型：When is your birthday ? My birthday is in/on… 3、情感目标 本单元的话题是谈论生日。学习内容贴近学生的生活。学生通过互相询问生日的日期，可以增进同学间的了解和友情并学会在英语交流中注意他人的情感。通过和同学合作、交流学会如何交际和关爱他人。 三、教学重点和难点 （1）教学重点：掌握12个月份的名称并能书写其缩写形式，能够运用句型：When is your birthday ? My birthday is in/on … （2）教学难点：序数词的构成特点以及会运用序数词表示日期。 四、教学准备： 录音机、多媒体辅助教学、12个月的英语单词卡片 五、教学过程 1、导入 问学生：Are you happy today?告诉学生说：I am very happy today .Because today is my birthday.Would you like to sing a song for me? Sing the song “Happy birthday”together. (Play the flash of this song. ) 集体唱生日快乐歌。营造轻松活跃的课堂气氛，让学生带着积极活跃的心情进入课堂。 伴随着大屏幕“生日快乐”的音乐声，向学生设问：“你知道自己的生日吗？你知道爸爸、妈妈的生日吗？你知道朋友的生日吗？你想学会用英语谈论你和别人的生日吗？这节课我们将学习相关知识。” 单词的讲授和学习、2．
英语水平测词汇复习 Module 1 Unit 1 1. Your friend came to school very __________ (心烦) and you wanted to know why. 2. You _______ (不理睬) the bell and went somewhere quiet to talk to your friend. 3. You told your friend that you were ____________ (担心) about him. 4. Hearing what you said, your friend _____________ (平静) down. 5. Anne didn’t want to set down a ___________ (系列) of facts in her diary. 6. Anne grew crazy about everything to do with nature because she hadn’t been _________ (户外) for a long time. 7. Anne happened to be upstairs at ________ (黄昏) when the window was open. 8. She had trouble ___________ (定居) in the hiding place. 9. She ________ (遭受) from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 10. How can Linda _________ (恢复) from her illness in this room when it is so dirty? Module 1 Unit 2 1. ____________ (实际上) all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 2. The English spoken at that time was _______ (基础) more on German than the English we speak at present. 3. The general __________ (命令) that all the soldiers should be sent to the front line. 4. All the visitors are __________ (要求) not to touch the vases on exhibition. 5. Although many Americans move a lot, they still __________ (认出) and understand each other’s d ialects. 6. Go __________ (直接) on and cross two streets and the market is on your right. Module 1 Unit 3 1. Which kind of _________ (运输) do you prefer to use? 2. She bought an expensive mountain bike and ___________ (劝服) me to buy one. 3. After __________ (毕业) from college, we got the chance to take a bike trip. 4. I waited at the station for two hours and ________ (最后) his train arrived. 5. Now my sister is planning our __________ (时间表) for the trip. 6. My sister insisted that she ____________ (组织) the trip properly. 7. I told her that our ___________ (旅行) would begin at an altitude of over 5000 metres. 8. What is your ___________ (态度) towards his suggestion at the meeting? 9. She is very __________ (可靠的) and you can trust her entirely. 10. She is very ___________ (喜爱) of children. Module 1 Unit 4 1. In the city the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _________ (爆裂). 2. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ________ (废墟). 3. Many people died or were _________ (伤害) during the earthquake. 4. Nearly every building in the city was _________ (完全破坏).