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Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementFrom Secrets of Body LanguageWatch the video clip and answer the following questions.Script:Voiceover:But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. It’s all smiles for the cameras, but behind the façade of bonhomie, there’s a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly exp lains that none of them will take any questions.Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and offer no comments, so I have to set a good example.Voiceover: The body language then reveals just why that works.Expert A:Wow. It’s almost a physical fight.Voiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again.Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the West, let ting someone through the door first doesn’t really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact.Expert B:The host, the power person, says, “I’m in control. I’ll help you through the door. I’ll show you the way.”Arafat:Thank you. Thank you.Voiceover: Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense.Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts wagering his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door.Expert B:So you’ve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.Questions:1. How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people?Answer: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well.2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?Answer: Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.3. What does this story tell us?Answer: Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.II. Cultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of t rust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:●people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;●people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;●strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;●in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Text comprehension:IV. Explain in your own words:1. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it ... (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase:The phrase “personal space” sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the seventies ...Or: The phrase “personal space” has odd touch that was characteristic of the 1970s.2. ... I’ve wondered if it’s the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less).(Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:... it has passed through my mind that maybe the cause (of the space invasion) is the season: summer may make people want to be closer to those whose physical attraction is revealed by light summer clothing (though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).Or: In hot summer days people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex ( or feel disgusted with the closeness of others. )3. The logistics of it vary according to geography. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.4. ... individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes. (Paragraph 7) Paraphrase:... individuals, as usual, occupy the booths and seats which are designed for four people.Or: It is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.5. In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. (Paragraph 9) Paraphrase:The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space, while small in itself, will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.I. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 – 2):The writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.Part II (Paragraphs 3 –7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners. Part III (Paragraph 8 – 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:-I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)Vocabulary:I.Explain the underlined part :1.drooping; loosened; slackened2.tone; sound3.already over-stimulated/ restless local people/ residents4.unfriendliness; cold-shoudering5.membership of a group or organizationII.Fill in the blanks:1.sidled up2.carve out3.attribute4.stake a claim5.tread on6.plowed into7.is proportional to8.breathing down their necksIII.Fill in the blanks:1.annoying2.intuition3.relented4.proliferatesmentably6.expansive7.routine8.shrinkageV. Synonym/Antonym1. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me.Antonym: significantly, considerably, incautiously2. I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.Synonym: shrinking, receding, lessening3. Personal space is mostly a public matter.Antonym: private, personal, individual4. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain.Synonym: give; present, confer5. At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes. Antonym: tightened, tense, rigid6. Lately, I’ve found that my personal space is being invaded more often than before. Synonym: recently, currently7. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it.Synonym: old-fashioned, odd, antiquated8. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.Synonym: uncomfortable, nervous, upsetVI. Explain the meaning:1.promotion2.endure3.willingly4.canceled5.the most important thing6.moderately warmGrammarI.Fill in the blank in each sentence:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. D6. B7. D8. BII. Correct mistakes:1.Can he be given the job permanently?2.It can’t be true. There must be some mistake.3.Correct4.Gold cannot be dissolved in hydrochloric acid.5.Correct6.Mary could have gone off with some friends.7.It’s not fair. Joe can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at nine.8.Although Sue had a bad accident last year, she was able to take part in the hurdle races.9.I don’t agree with you, but there may be some sense in what you say.10.Despite yesterday’s snowfalls; we were able to drive home in less than an hour.III. Rewrite the following sentences:1.He is in poor health. He could/ may/ might/ can fall ill at any time.2.John looks pale today. He may be ill.3.Even experts can make mistakes.4.John could swim when he was five.5.Visitors could take photos of the castle.6.Could/ Can/ Might/ May I borrow your phone?7.Nobody knows where he is. He could/ may/ might be in the library or in the lab.8.John may have read the book on WWII.9.I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find my dictionary.10.Ken’s car had been stolen, so he couldn’t have given her a ride.plete the sentences:1.so2.not/ so3.does4.so5.one6.so7.do8.didbine:1.It is such a surprise that I can’t get over it.2.It was such horrible weather that we spent the whole day indoors.3.Poor Susan had such a bad headache that she couldn’t get to sleep.4.Jack was so out of breath that he couldn’t speak at first.5.The music was so loud that you could hear it from miles away.6.The shirts became so stiff that he couldn’t put them on.7.She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much.8.There was so much to do that nobody ever got bored.TranslationI.Translate into Chinese:1.在我看来，礼貌就是给别人空间，不冒犯别人，允许别人有隐私。
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Three: Fame and SuccessPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Who is the most successful person in the world in your opinion? Could you tell us something about him or her?2What qualities do you think successful people have in common?3What do you think fame can bring to people?▆Answers for reference:1Open.2Some hints:a)compassionate and concerned about the well-being of mankindb)committed to the cause they are pursuing and refusing to give up in the face of difficultiesc)modest about what they have achievedd)having team spirit3Some hints:The good side: publicity, honour, reputation, power, wealth, status and glamourThe bad side: burden, deprivation of freedom, privacy and even one‟s identitySection B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about fame and success and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Benjamin Disraeli⊙The secret of success is constancy of purpose.— Benjamin DisraeliInterpretation:The key to success is that you have a goal and remain committed to it at all times.About Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881): a British politician in the Conservative Party who was Prime Minister of the UK in 1868 and from 1874 to 1880. He also wrote several novels, including Sybil (《西比尔》).Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire◎Fame is a heavy burden.— Francois-Marie Arouet V oltaireInterpretation:Enjoying fame is not always a good thing. It may hinder you from progressing further and it brings about troubles as well.About Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire (1694-1778):a French writer and philosopher who was one of the leaders of the 18th-century Enlightenment (启蒙运动), and whose ideas influenced the French Revolution. He wrote essays on many subjects, and his best-known work is the satirical Candide (《老实人》) (1759).George Santayana◎The highest form of vanity is love of fame.—George SantayanaInterpretation:Vain and shallow people seek fame — they have no character.About George Santayana (1863-1952): an American philosopher, poet, literary and cultural critic. Bornin Spain, Santayana emigrated to the United States in 1872. A graduate of Harvard (1886), he taught in the Department of Philosophy, Harvard from 1889 until 1912. After resigning from Harvard he returned to Europe, eventually settling in Italy where he lived until his death. He was a principal figure in Classical American Philosophy.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow◎The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Interpretation:Some people think that being famous is everything —but in fact doing your very best in your own work without thinking about being famous is great in itself and it is the only key to success.About Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882): a popular US poet who is known especially for his long poems about US legends. His best-known poems are The Song Of Hiawatha (《海华沙之歌》), The Courtship of Miles Standish (《迈尔斯〃斯坦狄什的求婚》), Paul Revere’s Ride (《保罗〃里维尔的夜奔》), and The Wreck of the Hesperus (《金星号遇难》).Thomas Edison◎Many of life‟s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to su ccess when they gave up.—Thomas EdisonInterpretation:There are many people who could have been very successful today. Unfortunately, they gave up whenthey encountered failure. If they had kept on, they would have been very successful. To them, failureis the end of their struggle.About Thomas Edison(1847-1931): an American inventor. He profoundly influenced modern life through his inventions such as the light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera. Duringhis lifetime, he acquired 1,093 patents, and marketed many of his inventions to the public.Section C Watching and DiscussionFame is a 2009 American musical drama film and a loose remake of the 1980 film of the same title. The movie follows NYC talents attending the New York City High School of Performing Arts, where students get specialized training that often leads to success as actors, singers, etc.▇Watch the following video clip “Success Is N ot” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“success is not.wmv”1Fill in the missing information.1)Success is not ________. It‟s not ________or ________.Answers: Success is not fame. It‟s not money or power.2)Success is waking up in the morning excited about ________. It‟s getting to work with ________.Success is connecting with ________and making people feel. It‟s finding a way to bind togetherpeople who have nothing in common but ________. It‟s falling asleep at night knowing ________.Answers: Success is waking up in the morning excited about what you have to do. It‟s getting to work with people you love. Success is connecting with the world and making people feel. It‟s findinga way to bind together people who have nothing in common but a dream. It‟s falling asleep at nightknowing you did the best job you could.3)Success is ________and ________and ________. And success is ________.Answers: Success is joy and freedom and friendship. And success is love.2Discuss whether you accept the girl’s understanding of SUCCESS or not.Open.▇Script：There are some things success is not. It‟s not fame. It‟s not money or power. Success is waking up in the morning so excited about what you have to do that you literally fly out the door. It‟s getting to work with people you love. Success is connecting with the w orld and making people feel. It‟s finding a way to bind together people who have nothing in common but a dream. It‟s falling asleep at night knowing you did the best job you could. Success is joy and freedom and friendship. And success is love.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1What should young people do in order to be successful according to the speaker?A)They should have dreams, hopes and wishes.B)They should have the courage to write down their intentions.C)They should have clear goals in life and go after them.D)They should make a good choice in their career.2What should young people do to make clear their values according to the speaker?A)They should put health as their priority.B)They should put financial independence as their priority.C)They should make their life healthy and comfortable.D)They should make their goals consistent with their most important values.3What advice does the speaker give on writing down one‟s goals?A)You should write down your goals every day.B)You should be specific and describe your goals in detail.C)You should have the courage to tell your friends your goals.D)You should read your goals to your friends every day.4What does the speaker mean by taking action?A)He means that people must jog every day to run a marathon.B)He means that people should have a loving marriage or happy children.C)He means that a loving marriage or happy children take too much time.D)He means that people’s daily actions must be consistent and persistent.5Which of the following is NOT recommended by the speaker as a step to successful goal-setting?A)Be financially independent.B)Write down the details of your goals.C)Decide what you want.D)Take action.▇Key:1 C2 D3 B4 D5 ASection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Successful people always have clear goals. Great musicians, great 1) ________, successful salespeople and 2) ________leaders know what they want in life, and they go after it. No one becomes successful by 3) ________!Too often, people choose goals that are inconsistent with their 4) ________and daily behavior. Do you value health, or comfort? Is financial 5) ________a priority, or merely a wish?Have the courage to put your 6) ________on paper and in your own words. Be 7) ________and describe your goals in detail.A loving 8) ________or happy kids require your time, your attention and your love every day. Your daily actions need not be profound or 9) ________, but they must be consistent and 10) ________.Just as an artist will make preliminary 11) ________and work out the details in his mind, so your success requires written goals, careful choices, clear 12) ________, and daily persistence.▇Answers:1) athletes 2) inspiring 3) accident 4) priorities 5) independence 6) intentions7) specific 8) marriage 9) extraordinary 10) persistent 11) sketches 12) commitments▇Script:Four Steps to Successful Goal-settingSuccessful people always have clear goals. Great musicians, great athletes, successful salespeople and inspiring leaders know what they want in life, and they go after it. No one becomes successful by accident!And yet, a lot of young people that I know just live their lives with no goals at all, or with only vague dreams, hopes and wishes. No wonder they have achieved so much less than they could!For those who have not yet experienced the joy of setting and achieving magnificent goals, here is a powerful set of principles that have worked for thousands of my clients. They will work for you, too. I call them “Four Steps to Successful Goal-Setting”:1.Decide what you want. Choose the life you prefer! You can‟t have everything in life. But you canhave anything you choose if you will focus, pay the price, and pursue it with all your heart.2.Make clear your values. Too often, people choose goals that are inconsistent with their priorities anddaily behavior. Do you value health, or comfort? Is financial independence a priority, or merely awish? Make sure that your goals are consistent with your most important values.3.Write them down. Have the courage to put your intentions on paper and in your own words. Bespecific and describe your goals in detail. When will you achieve them? What will success look like?Write down the details and read your goals every day.4.Take action. To run a marathon, you must jog every day. A loving marriage or happy kids requireyour time, your attention and your love, every day. Your daily actions need not be profound orextraordinary, but they must be consistent and persistent.Success does not “just happen”. Just as an artist will make preliminary sketches and work out the details in his mind, so your success requires written goals, careful choices, clear commitments and daily persistence. You can do this. Make something great of your life!Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the main idea of the essay?2What is the author‟s attitude towards fame?3What does an artist have to do to stay famous according to the author?4What excuses do people give to defend failures?5Why do people chase fame according to the author?6Can a person be famous and remain true to himself at the same time according to the author?▇Answers for reference:1In this essay, the author talks about the issue of fame. The main idea is that most people want fame because fame can bring them celebrity, high regard, admiration, etc. However, the author emphasizes that there are few people who can really capture fame and that fame is usually short-lived. Fame can affect and sometimes even destroy one‟s life.2The author takes an objective attitude towards fame with an emphasis on its negative side. He believes that fame rewards one with money, power and popularity, but it may also enslave him and destroy his life. 3According to the author, to stay famous, an artist has to perform in the style that the public wants and enjoys, no matter how bored he is of performing in the same style year after year. Any attempt to change the style may result in the loss of his popularity among his fans.4To find excuses for the failures, people tend to claim that they are too sensitive, that they are not interested in money, that they are not interested in the power that fame brings and that they are not interested in the loss of privacy it demands, etc.5According to the author, people chase fame because they want to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends that they are more than their family and friends thought they were.6Probably not. According to the author, fame takes “the you out of you”, which means that once a person becomes famous, he must be what the public thinks he is, not what he really is or could be. Fame enslaves him with what the public wants, instead of helping him maintain and develop his own identity or his true self.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyWe may all desire to be famous and yearn for the publicity, wealth and power that accompany fame.Few of us, however, realize that fame also has its negative side and, sometimes, it may even destroy one’s life. Read the following text and you will get to know more about the adverse impact fame can have on one’s life.FameMelvin Howards1 Fame is very much like an animal chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the publicity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic, isn‟t it?2 Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The artist becomes the slave of his or her own success because of the public demands.If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to give the momentary fame to another and then, in time, to another, and so on and so on.3 Fame brings celebrity and high regard from loyal fans in each field. A performer can easily come to believe that he or she is as good as his or her press. But most people, most artists do not gain fame and fortune. What about those performers who fail, or anyone who fails? Curiously enough, failure often serves as its own reward for many people. It brings sympathy from others who are delighted not to be you, and it allows family and friends to lower their expectations of you so that you need not compete with those who have more talent and who succeed. And they find excuses and explanations for your inability to succeed and become famous: you are too sensitive, you are not interested in money, you are not interested in the power that fame brings and you are not interested in the loss of privacy it demands, etc. — all excuses, but comforting to those who fail and those who pretend not to notice the failure.4 History has sufficiently proven that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does indeed motivate them to strive even harder to succeed and to continue believing in themselves. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published and launched his career and created his fame.Beethoven overcame his cruel and harsh father and grudging acceptance as a musician to become the greatest, most famous musician in the world, and Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in fourth grade, at about age 10, because he seemed to the teacher to be quite dull and ill-behaved. Many other cases may be found of people who failed and used the failure to motivate them to achieve, to succeed, and to become famous. But, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of theirstruggle, not the beginning. There are few, if any, famous failures.5 Well then, why does anyone want fame? Do you? Do you want to be known to many people and admired by them? Do you want the money that usually comes with fame? Do you want the media to notice everything you do or say both in public and in private? In some areas it is very obvious that to be famous is to be the target of everyone who disagrees with you as well as of the media. Fame turns all the lights on and while it gives power and reputation, it takes the you out of you: you must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. But why does anyone want fame? Several reasons come to mind: to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends you are more than they thought you were. Probably you can list some other reasons, but I think these are reasonably common.6 I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune, celebrity: good luck. But what will you do when you have caught your tail, your success, your fame? Keep chasing it? If you do catch it, hang on for dear life. See you soon famous and almost famous!旧课文不需新配图▇课文参考译文声誉梅尔文〃霍华兹1 声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。
新世纪⼤学英语综合教程4（第⼆版）-习题答案.doc 第⼀单元答案Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the followingsentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on thedifferences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from“communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from.3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite inmeaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of each of thepresent participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamicProfessor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)。
Unit ONEEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blankwith a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat” fromTry to find out what words the following blends are “communications” and “satellite”.formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:Blend Formation Meaningsmog smoke + fog烟雾blog web + log博客brunch breakfast + lunch早午餐（早餐和午餐合为一餐）autocide automobile + suicide撞车自杀chunnel channel + tunnel海峡隧道motel motor + hotel汽车旅馆netizen net + citizen网民sci-fi science + fiction科幻小说workaholic work + alcoholic工作狂wi-fi wireless + fidelity无线网络3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with thenoun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become lessdependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage ofnatural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental . Your writing should cover the following points:Protection”1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, foodand shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for humansurvival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. Associety develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of otherbeings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources suchas coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, humanbeings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care ofwildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)in favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult adictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t cometo mind for the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy asher second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material andtechnological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science andtechnology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expecta soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can beincome and their happiness.seen that there is no close correlation between people’sHappiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy tobe alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What isimportant is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing shouldcover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us tokeep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems ordo business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, itsmulti-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, readnews, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisanceof unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expectone. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumedvaluable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported thatelectromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. Ibelieve that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobilephones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) accompanied6)intrinsic7) ranks8) publicity9) sufficiently10) image11)target12) transform13) temporarily14) cover15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) acknowledged19) predict2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) set their sights on5) was tired of6)turn away7) hang on8) in his presence 9) live with10) nothing but11)for good12) set out13) What if14) tire of▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch5) seized6)gripped7) grabbed8) clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbolExamine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached4)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be oppositein meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble9) famous 10) reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1) (real) subject2) object complement3) object4) adverbial of purpose5) adverbial of purpose6) object to the verb “make”7) adverbial of result8) subject, predicate9) attributive modifying “ways”10) predicate2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty13) illusory 14) regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have agood school education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect fromthe public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people canreally become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate themto strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse forthe electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have triedyour best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your papershould cover the following points:1) the advantages of being famous2) the disadvantages of being famous3) your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame canassure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring onewealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.fans may boost one’s selfHowever, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes t he media’s attention orpublic curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.TheI highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word Buildingand Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffixform an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:nouns suffixes adjectives Chinese meaningplanet-ary / -ory planetary行星的congratulation congratulatory祝贺的contradiction contradictory矛盾的，对立的custom customary通常的，习惯的；惯例的document documentary公文的，文件的explanation explanatory解释的；说明的imagination imaginary想象中的，虚构的introduction introductory介绍的，导言的legend legendary传说（中）的，传奇的migration migratory迁徙的，移居的vision visionary有远见的；不实际的1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the followingsentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to theuse of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there isno mistake, write “No Mistake”．▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent on man’will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for t heblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined thearmy and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressionsgiven in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as generalmanager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had beenpreviously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:go on duty Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as theyand come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and w they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable ofbearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative andcreativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp everyopportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the workhe does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work。
心之所向，所向披靡Unit 2 Book 4Technology and Happiness1. Difficult sentences1) (LL24~25) But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists.What does “it” refer to here?(= It refers to the relationship between happiness and technology.)Paraphrase this sentence.(=But economists and social scientists have hardly examined the relationship between happiness and technology at all.)2) (LL25~29) The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity andwell-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote afamous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?”What is the meaning of “lot”?(=It means fortune in life.)How is the paper of great significance?(= As a work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being, it is innovative.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗？”的著名论文。
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Two: Man and TechnologyPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1)What changes have taken place in our life with the advancement of technology?2)Do you think technology makes your life easier? Could you give some examples?3)Is the advancement of technology always a good thing?▇ Answers for reference:1)With the advancement of technology, our health has been improved; production has been increased; humanlabor has been decreased; people’s mental horizons have been broadened, and what is most important is that people live longer and better.2)Yes. Take the Internet for example. With the access to the Internet I can learn what is going on all aroundthe world. I can get the latest information about my present studies at college. And I can communicate with others via e-mail, which saves me a lot of time and money. Another example is the rapid development of various means of transportation. Planes, trains and cars have made my travel easier and more convenient.3)No. Technology is a double-edged sword which can be used equally for good or evil. For example,technology has found wide application in the medical field. However, owing to technology, weapons of mass destruction have been invented and used in wars in which large numbers of innocent people have been killed.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about man and technology and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.⊙The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.— Isaac Asimov Interpretation:This quote tells us that knowledge is not wisdom. Knowledge alone does not necessarily make us wiser. Although science has brought about a rapid growth in knowledge, today’s society has not witnessed any corresponding increase in wisdom. And what we are in desperate need of today is wisdom rather than scientific knowledge, for knowledge helps us make a living while wisdom helps us make a life.Isaac AsimovAbout Isaac Asimov:Isaac Asimov (1920-1992): a US science fiction writer. Born in Russia, he was brought to the USA when he was three and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He studied chemistry at Columbia University and developed a career both as an academic biochemist and as a science fiction writer. Among his best known novels are the “Foundation Series”―Foundation (《基地》) (1951), Foundation and Empire (《基地与帝国》)(1952), andSecond Foundation (《第二基地》)(1953), etc. He is also well-known for his textbooks and works of popular science.⊙Education makes machines which act like men and produces men who act like machines.— Erich Fromm Interpretation:This quote questions the rigidity of the formal educational systems. Machines are often considered as being controlled by others and have no individual thoughts. This quote indicates that the formal educational system controls the development of students and washes away the individual creativity.Erich FrommAbout Erich Fromm:Erich Fromm (1900-1980): German-born American psychoanalyst. His works, which include Escape from Freedom(《逃离自由》), Man for Himself(《利己者》) and The Sane Society(《健全的社会》), emphasize the role of culture in neurosis and strongly criticize materialist values.⊙The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.—Karl MarxInterpretation:According to Marx, under capitalism, overproduction leads to economic crises and unemployment.Karl MarxAbout Karl Marx:Karl Marx (1818-1883): a German philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary. Karl Marx was the most influential socialist thinker of the 19th century. With Friedrich Engels, he wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) and other works. Exiled from Europe after the Revolutions of 1848, Marx lived in London, where he worked on his monumental work Das Kapital (Capital), in which he used dialectical materialism to analyze economic and social history. Marxism has greatly influenced the development of socialist thought.⊙It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dreams of yesterday are the hopes of today, and the realitiesof tomorrow.— Robert H. Goddard Interpretation:Advances in science and technology have given birth to many things once only dreamed of.Robert H. GoddardAbout Robert H. Goddard:Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945): an American physicist. Goddard is looked upon as one of the three main founders of modern rocketry, along with Tsiolkovsky and Oberth. He launched the first liquid-fueled rocket on March 16, 1926. The flight lasted just 2.5 seconds, reaching an altitude of 12.3 meters and landing 55.2 meters from the launch site.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Inception” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“Inception.wmv”1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.—You create the world of the dream. You’ll bring the subject into that dream, and then they feel it in their subconscious.—How could you ever acquire enough detail to make him think that’s reality?—Our dreams. We feel real while we’re in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your dreams, do you? You always wind up right in the middle of what’s going on.2.Discuss the topic with your group members: Are you sometimes troubled by your dreams? Share one ofyour unusual dreams with your peers.▇Answers for reference:(Open.)Script：InceptionCOBB: You create the world of the dream. You’ll bring the subject into that dream, and then they feel it in their subconscious.ARIADNE: How could you ever acquire enough detail to make him think that’s reality?COBB: Our dreams. We feel real while we’re in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your dreams, do you? You always wind up right in the middle of what’s going on.ARIADNE: I guess. Yeah.COBB: So ... how did we end up here?ARIADNE: We just came here from the...COBB: Think about it, Ariadne. How did you get here? Where are you right now?ARIADNE: Oh my God. We’re dreaming.COBB: We’re actually asleep in the workshop right now. This is your first lesson in shared dreaming, remember?Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What is the main idea of the passage?A) The rapid changing world we live in.B) The important role the Internet plays in our life.C) The important role technology plays in our life.D) The important role modern transportation plays in our life.2) What does the passage say about the Internet?A) It provides us with the quickest means for communication.B) It provides us with the quickest means to collect information.C) It provides us with the quickest means to talk to each other.D) It provides us with modern means of transportation.3) Why is the journey to the outer space not a dream any more?A) Because people can go anywhere now.B) Because people can travel to the outer space by airplane now.C) Because the modern means of transportation makes the journey smoother.D) Because people can travel to the outer space by rockets and space shuttles.4) How does technology help prolong our life?A) Patients can go anywhere to seek modern medicine.B) With modern medicine, people with cancer do not suffer from the pain.C) With modern medicine, people with AIDs do not suffer from the pain.D) With modern medicine, some deadly diseases can be treated now.5) How does technology expand our vision of the world?A) It gives us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.B) It makes our life easier and more convenient.C) It helps us spread our ideas more quickly.D) It brings us more advanced products.▇ Answers for Reference:1) C 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) ASection C Task Two: Zooming in on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1) __________ much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the 2) __________ of information but also for correspondence.Secondly, modern means of 3) __________, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4) __________ and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into 5) __________ space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6) __________ have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and 7) __________ patients from pain. Some deadly 8) __________, such as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our 9) __________ of the world. It provides us with larger 10) __________ by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.▆ Answers:Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1) communication much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the 2) collection of information but also for correspondence. Secondly, modern means of 3) transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4) smoother and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into 5) outer space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6) shuttles have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and 7) relieves patients from pain. Some deadly 8) diseases, such as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our 9) vision of the world. It provides us with larger 10) possibilities by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.Script:What Has Technology Brought Us?Technology plays a vital role in our society. It makes our life more comfortable and convenient. Without it, we couldn’t evolve or cope up with the ever changing world we live in.Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the collection of information but also for correspondence.Secondly, modern means of transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smoother and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and relieves patients from pain. Some deadly diseases, such as cancer and AIDS can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our vision of the world. It provides us with larger possibilities by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.It is hard to imagine what the world would be like without technology.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main Ideas1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Did material and technological advances make Americans happier according to the survey?2)What is the relationship between money and happiness according to Easterlin?3)How does technology affect human relationships according to the author?4)In which field does technology have the most important impact on people’s sense of well-being accordingto the author?5)What does the author think of the relationship between technology and happiness?▆ Answers for Reference:1)No. The survey showed that the majority of Americans did not become happier with the advancement oftechnology. In fact, the percentage of people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s, even though their income has increased considerably.2)According to Easterlin, money cannot make people happier after a certain point, that is, when people areable to meet the needs for a decent life.3)According to the author, with technological inventions such as linked databases, the Internet and TV,people have less privacy and less time for real world communication. As a result, they tend to be more lonely and depressed.4)The most important impact of technology on people’s life is in the field of health care. The developmentof medical technology has greatly increased people’s life expectancy and improved their quality of life.So the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be.5)On the whole, the author holds that technology and happiness are not necessarily closely related.Throughout the text, the author cites examples to illustrate that the advances in technology do not necessarily make people happier.2.Text A can be divided into five Parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne1-2 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Two3-5 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three6-9 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four10 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Five11 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________▆▆ Answers for Reference:Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-2 Material and technological advances do not really bringhappiness to people in the developed countries. ThoughAmericans now are wealthier than they were in the middleof the last century, they are not happier than they used tobe.Two 3-5 Technology and happiness are not necessarily closelycorrelated because people adapt to technological progresstoo quickly.Three 6-9 The current comments on technology have mostly centeredon the bad effects of technology on human relationshipsrather than particular, harmful technologies.Four 10 The most important impact of technology on people’s senseof well-being is in the field of health care.Five 11 People in general claim that on a deeper level, technologycannot bring happiness to them, which is just contradictoryto the fact that it has greatly improved people’s health andlife expectancy.Section B In-depth StudyIn the present era, all of us are enthusiastically pursuing technological advancement and take it for granted that the development of technology will make us happier. However, little evidence can be found to prove the correlation between technology and happiness once material and technological advances reach a certain level. The text below may provide you with some insights into this issue.Technology and HappinessJames Surowiecki1 In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances that were unimaginable in previous eras. In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita tripled from 1950 to 2000. Life expectancy soared. The boom in productivity after World War II made goods better and cheaper at the same time. Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls, became necessities. And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries.2 By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans are better off now than they were in the middle of the last century. Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you find that they are no happier than they were in 1946 (which is when formal surveys of happiness started). In fact, the percentage of people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s— even though the income of people born in 1940 has, on average, increased by 116 percent over the course of their working lives. You can find similar data for most developed countries.3 The relationship between happiness and technology has been an eternal subject for social critics and philosophers since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists.The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Easterlin showed that when it came to developed countries, there was no real correlation between a nation’s income level and its citizens’ happiness. Money, Easterlin argued, could not buy happiness —at least not after a certain point. Easterlin showed that though poverty was strongly correlated with misery, once a country was solidly middle-class, getting wealthier did not seem to make its citizens any happier.4 This seems to be close to a universal phenomenon. In fact, one of happiness scho lars’ most important insights is that people adapt very quickly to good news. Take lottery winners for example. One famous study showed that although winners were very, very happy when they won, their extreme excitement quickly evaporated, and after a while their moods and sense of well-being were indistinguishable from what they had been before the victory.5 So, too, with technology: no matter how dramatic a new innovation is, no matter how much easier it makes our lives, it is very easy to take it for granted. You can see this principle at work in the world of technology every day, as things that once seemed miraculous soon become common and, worse, frustrating when they don’t work perfectly. It’s hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were li ke before the new technology came along.6 Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology makes no difference? No. It just makes the question of technology’s impact, for good or ill, more complicated. Let’s start with t he downside. There are certain ways in which technology makes life obviously worse. Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft all come to mind. These are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy. But for the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as on the impact of technology on our human relationships.7 Privacy has become increasingly fragile in a world of linked databases. In many workplaces, technologies like keystroke monitoring and full recordings of phone calls make it easier to watch workers. The notion that technology disrupts relationships and fractures community gained mainstream prominence as an attack on television. Some even say that TV is chiefly responsible for the gradual isolation of Americans from each other. Similarly, some others stress the harmful effects of the Internet, which supposedly further isolates people from what is often called “the real world”.8 This broad criticism of technology’s impact on relationships is an interesting one and is especially relevant to the question of happiness, because one of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.9 Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few months there’s going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you’re going to be stuck with the old one. Someone else, in other words, has it better. It’s as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning.10 Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about youthan you would like it to —these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people’s sense of well-being. But the most important impact of technology on peopl e’s sense of well-being is in the field of health care. Before the Industrial Revolution, two out of every three Europeans died before the age of 30. Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase. The point is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was nasty, rough, and short. Technology has changed that, at least for people in the rich world. As much as we should worry about the rising cost of health care and the problem of the uninsured, it’s also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us.11 On a deeper level, what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level: even though people may not be happier, even though t hey are wealthier and possess more technology, they’re still as hungry as ever for more time. It’s like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。
Unit ONEEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blankwith a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat” fromTry to find out what words the following blends are “communications” and “satellite”.formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:Blend Formation Meaningsmog smoke + fog烟雾blog web + log博客brunch breakfast + lunch早午餐（早餐和午餐合为一餐）autocide automobile + suicide撞车自杀chunnel channel + tunnel海峡隧道motel motor + hotel汽车旅馆netizen net + citizen网民sci-fi science + fiction科幻小说workaholic work + alcoholic工作狂wi-fi wireless + fidelity无线网络3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with thenoun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become lessdependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage ofnatural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental . Your writing should cover the following points:Protection”1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, foodand shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for humansurvival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. Associety develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of otherbeings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources suchas coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, humanbeings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care ofwildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)in favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult adictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t cometo mind for the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy asher second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material andtechnological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science andtechnology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expecta soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can beincome and their happiness.seen that there is no close correlation between people’sHappiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy tobe alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What isimportant is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing shouldcover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us tokeep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems ordo business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, itsmulti-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, readnews, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisanceof unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expectone. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumedvaluable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported thatelectromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. Ibelieve that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobilephones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) accompanied6)intrinsic7) ranks8) publicity9) sufficiently10) image11)target12) transform13) temporarily14) cover15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) acknowledged19) predict2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) set their sights on5) was tired of6)turn away7) hang on8) in his presence 9) live with10) nothing but11)for good12) set out13) What if14) tire of▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch5) seized6)gripped7) grabbed8) clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbolExamine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached4)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be oppositein meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble9) famous 10) reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1) (real) subject2) object complement3) object4) adverbial of purpose5) adverbial of purpose6) object to the verb “make”7) adverbial of result8) subject, predicate9) attributive modifying “ways”10) predicate2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty13) illusory 14) regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have agood school education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect fromthe public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people canreally become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate themto strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse forthe electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have triedyour best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your papershould cover the following points:1) the advantages of being famous2) the disadvantages of being famous3) your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame canassure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring onewealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.fans may boost one’s selfHowever, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes t he media’s attention orpublic curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.TheI highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word Buildingand Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffixform an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:nouns suffixes adjectives Chinese meaningplanet-ary / -ory planetary行星的congratulation congratulatory祝贺的contradiction contradictory矛盾的，对立的custom customary通常的，习惯的；惯例的document documentary公文的，文件的explanation explanatory解释的；说明的imagination imaginary想象中的，虚构的introduction introductory介绍的，导言的legend legendary传说（中）的，传奇的migration migratory迁徙的，移居的vision visionary有远见的；不实际的1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the followingsentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to theuse of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there isno mistake, write “No Mistake”．▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent on man’will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for t heblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined thearmy and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressionsgiven in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as generalmanager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had beenpreviously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:go on duty Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as theyand come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and w they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable ofbearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative andcreativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp everyopportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the workhe does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work。
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit One: Man and NaturePart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1.Do you think man lives in harmony with nature now?2.Do you think that man has been destroying nature? Could you give some examples?3.What do you think we should do to preserve nature?▇Answers for reference:1. A possible answer:No. The present relationship between man and nature is not as harmonious as before. With the population explosion and the development of the economy, serious damage has been done to nature. All this has resulted in such problems as global warming, soil erosion, shortage of fresh water, droughts and sandstorms. Human beings no longer live in harmony with nature.2. A possible answer:Yes. For example, man has cut down half of the trees that existed 10,000 years ago. The loss of trees has upset the ecosystem and resulted in the extinction of many species. Consequently, nature has lost its balance. Another example is that man has been burning too much fossil fuel for daily use and industrial production, which has caused heavy pollution to our environment.3. A possible answer:Firstly, we shouldn’t develop our economy at the expense of nature. Secondly, we should take as little as possible from nature and put back into it as much as we can. Thirdly, we should form the habit of saving natural resources. We should be aware that natural resources are not inexhaustible. When we reach the point of no return, there will be nothing left for future generations.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about man and nature and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.▇Frank Lloyd Wrigh t⊙Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you.— Frank Lloyd Wrigh tInterpretation:As an architect, Wright emphasizes the importance of loving and studying nature. We should observe nature, take care of it and live in harmony with it. And then we will never feel disappointed with it.About Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959): an American architect and writer. He was the most creative genius of American architecture.Albert Einstein⊙Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.— Albert EinsteinInterpretation:As a scientist, Einstein believes that a close study of nature will help us better understand things.About Albert Einstein (1879-1955): US physicist and mathematician, born in Germany, who developed the Theory of Relativity, which completely changed the way that scientists understand space and time.William Hazlitt⊙Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.— William HazlittInterpretation:As a writer, Hazlitt urges us to love and appreciate nature heart and soul.About William Hazlitt(1778-1830):a British writer and critic, known for his essays on many subjects, especially literature. His best-known collection of essays is entitled Table Talk (席间闲谈).John Cage⊙The highest purpose is to have no purpose at all. This puts one in accord with nature, in her manner of operation.— John CageInterpretation:Man’s ideal life is to be integrated into nature, so we should respect nature and follow its laws.About John Cage(1912-1992): a US composer and pianist. In 1951, he organized a group of musicians and engineers to make the first music on magnetic tape.Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “If the world warms by 6 degrees” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“If the world warms by 6 degrees.wmv”1. Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.If the world warms by 6 degrees, from a distance the oceans may appear bright blue, but they are marine wastelands. Deserts march across continents like conquering armies. Natural disasters become common events. Some of the world’s great cities are flooded and abandoned. If temperatures soar by 6 degrees within less than a century, we’re going to face nothing less than a global wipe out.2. What do you think are other possible consequences of a warmer climate? (Open.)Script：If the world warms by 6 degrees, from a distance the oceans may appear bright blue, but they are marine wastelands. Deserts march across continents like conquering armies. Natural disasters become common events. Some of the world’s great cities are flooded and abandoned.This could be our world plus 6 degrees.“War mings of 6 degrees over longer time periods have been associated with some of the most devastating mass extinctions which have ever taken place, so it’s certainly fair to assume that if temperatures soar by 6 degrees within less than a century, then we’re going to face nothing less than a global wipe out.”6 degrees of warming has been called the Doomsday scenario.Our lives would never be the same again.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of seafood supplies.B) The fish harvest in the North Atlantic.C) The decline in fish supplies in the sea.D) The importance of protecting sea resources.2. What did people in Europe and America in the 19th century think about marine resources?A) They thought that marine resources were almost exhausted.B) They thought that marine resources were seriously destroyed.C) They thought that marine resources were unlimited.D) They thought that marine resources were endangered.3. Why are the threats to fish more alarming than the threats to animals and birds?A) Because fish is a much needed food resource.B) Because plenty of fish is killed every year.C) Because fish is the only diet for many people.D) Because the sea fisheries are going to be exhausted.4. How much fish is harvested in the North Atlantic every year?A) 12 billion pounds.B) 12 million pounds.C) 20 billion pounds.D) 20 million pounds.5. What warning do scientists give in the passage?A) Natural resources will be exhausted within the next few years.B) Fish reserves will be destroyed within the next few years because of excessive fishing.C) People in some parts of the world will face starvation because of the drought.D) People’s demand on fish will decline in some parts of the world.▇Key:1 D2 C3 A4 C5 BSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Today though, there is evidence showing that marine resources are as seriously ________ as those of the land and the air. In fact, in some ways the ________ to fish are more alarming than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish is a much needed food ________, as people throughout the world depend on fish as an important part of their ________. It is reported that to ________ food demands, 20 billion pounds of fish are ________ every year in the North Atlantic alone. Sea resources are also rapidly ________ in many other parts of the world.Scientists now believe that food ________ from the sea won’t last forever. They warn that ________ fishing will destroy fish reserves within the next few years. They also warn that the decline in fish supply will cause ________ in some parts of the world.▇Answers for reference:Today though, there is evidence showing that marine resources are as seriously endangered as those of the land and the air. In fact, in some ways the threats to fish are more alarming than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish is a much needed food resource, as people throughout the world depend on fish as an important part of their diet. It is reported that to satisfy food demands, 20 billion pounds of fish are harvested every year in the North Atlantic alone. Sea resources are also rapidly declining in many other parts of the world.Scientists now believe that food supplies from the sea won’t last forever. They warn that excessive fishing will destroy fish reserves within the next few years. They also warn that the decline in fish supply will cause starvation in some parts of the world.Script:The Importance of Protecting Sea ResourcesDuring the 19th century, people in Europe and America claimed that marine resources were unlimited. For example, a noted biologist at the time commented that none of the world’s great sea fisheries were ever going to be exhausted.Today though, there is evidence showing that marine resources are as seriously endangered as those of the land and the air. In fact, in some ways the threats to fish are more alarming than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish is a much needed food resource, as people throughout the world depend on fish as an important part of their diet. It is reported that to satisfy food demands, 20 billion pounds of fish are harvested every year in the North Atlantic alone. Sea resources are also rapidly declining in many other parts of the world.Scientists now believe that food supplies from the sea won’t last forever. They warn that excessive fishing will destroy fish reserves within the next few years. They also warn that the decline in fish supply will cause starvation in some parts of the world.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Does man tend to become less dependent on nature with the rapid development of society?Why or why not?2)What does the author think about the present relationship between man and nature?3)What’s the distinct feature of modern technology according to the passage?4)What’s the solution to the ecological crisis according to the author?5)What’s the author’s attitude towards the human transformation of nature?▇Answers for reference:1)No. As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, whileindirectly his dependence grows. For instance, in this industrial society, it appears that man is relying less on nature for its natural gifts since he can produce what he needs with the help of modern technology. However, man still has to take raw materials from nature for production and, in fact, depends on nature more than ever for such irreplaceable resources as coal, oil, and so on.2)According to the author, the present relationship between man and nature is not as harmoniousas before, as the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole has shown ominous signs of breaking down. It is increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production and to eliminate industrial waste.3)The distinct feature of modern technology is the increasing abundance of produced and usedsynthetic goods. With modern technology, man has produced and consumed more synthetic goods than he needs, which has severely polluted nature.4)According to the author, the solution lies in rational and wise organization of both productionitself and care for Mother Nature by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis is to use natural resources such as solar energy, and the power of winds.5)The author takes a negative attitude towards human transformation of nature. According to thepassage, man’s transformation has brought about fatal destruction to nature. Nature is being exhausted in resources, contaminated by synthetic products, and troubled by ecological imbalance.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaI1-2 Man lives in the realm of nature. He is connected with nature by “blood” ties and he cannot live outside nature.II3-4 As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows because it is increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production.III5-7 At present Mother Nature is being exhausted in resources, contaminated. The previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole has shown ominous signs of breaking down.IV 8-9 The solution to man-nature lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature by all humanity.Section B In-depth StudyNature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander Spirkin1 Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by “blood” ties and we cannot live outside nature.2 Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature’s wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.3 As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature’s destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This wasall done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.4 But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and man’s practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.5 At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.6 Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.7 As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man’s destruction of the biosphere inevitable?8 The man-nature relation — the crisis of the ecological situation — is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the “man-nature” system is to use such resou rces as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.9 But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!▇课文参考译文人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金1 人类生活在大自然的王国里。
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Two: Man and TechnologyPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1)What changes have taken place in our life with the advancement of technology?2)Do you think technology makes your life easier? Could you give some examples?3)Is the advancement of technology always a good thing?▇ Answers for reference:1)With the advancement of technology, our health has been improved; production has been increased; humanlabor has been decreased; people’s mental horizons have been broadened, and what is most important is that people live longer and better.2)Yes. Take the Internet for example. With the access to the Internet I can learn what is going on all aroundthe world. I can get the latest information about my present studies at college. And I can communicate with others via e-mail, which saves me a lot of time and money. Another example is the rapid development of various means of transportation. Planes, trains and cars have made my travel easier and more convenient.3)No. Technology is a double-edged sword which can be used equally for good or evil. For example,technology has found wide application in the medical field. However, owing to technology, weapons of mass destruction have been invented and used in wars in which large numbers of innocent people have been killed.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about man and technology and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.⊙The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.— Isaac Asimov Interpretation:This quote tells us that knowledge is not wisdom. Knowledge alone does not necessarily make us wiser. Although science has brought about a rapid growth in knowledge, today’s society has not witnessed any corresponding increase in wisdom. And what we are in desperate need of today is wisdom rather than scientific knowledge, for knowledge helps us make a living while wisdom helps us make a life.Isaac AsimovAbout Isaac Asimov:Isaac Asimov (1920-1992): a US science fiction writer. Born in Russia, he was brought to the USA when he was three and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He studied chemistry at Columbia University and developed a career both as an academic biochemist and as a science fiction writer. Among his best known novels are the “Foundation Series”―Foundation (《基地》) (1951), Foundation and Empire (《基地与帝国》)(1952), andSecond Foundation (《第二基地》)(1953), etc. He is also well-known for his textbooks and works of popular science.⊙Education makes machines which act like men and produces men who act like machines.— Erich Fromm Interpretation:This quote questions the rigidity of the formal educational systems. Machines are often considered as being controlled by others and have no individual thoughts. This quote indicates that the formal educational system controls the development of students and washes away the individual creativity.Erich FrommAbout Erich Fromm:Erich Fromm (1900-1980): German-born American psychoanalyst. His works, which include Escape from Freedom(《逃离自由》), Man for Himself(《利己者》) and The Sane Society(《健全的社会》), emphasize the role of culture in neurosis and strongly criticize materialist values.⊙The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.—Karl MarxInterpretation:According to Marx, under capitalism, overproduction leads to economic crises and unemployment.Karl MarxAbout Karl Marx:Karl Marx (1818-1883): a German philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary. Karl Marx was the most influential socialist thinker of the 19th century. With Friedrich Engels, he wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) and other works. Exiled from Europe after the Revolutions of 1848, Marx lived in London, where he worked on his monumental work Das Kapital (Capital), in which he used dialectical materialism to analyze economic and social history. Marxism has greatly influenced the development of socialist thought.⊙It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dreams of yesterday are the hopes of today, and the realitiesof tomorrow.— Robert H. Goddard Interpretation:Advances in science and technology have given birth to many things once only dreamed of.Robert H. GoddardAbout Robert H. Goddard:Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945): an American physicist. Goddard is looked upon as one of the three main founders of modern rocketry, along with Tsiolkovsky and Oberth. He launched the first liquid-fueled rocket on March 16, 1926. The flight lasted just 2.5 seconds, reaching an altitude of 12.3 meters and landing 55.2 meters from the launch site.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Inception” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“Inception.wmv”1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.—You create the world of the dream. You’ll bring the subject into that dream, and then they feel it in their subconscious.—How could you ever acquire enough detail to make him think that’s reality?—Our dreams. We feel real while we’re in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your dreams, do you? You always wind up right in the middle of what’s going on.2.Discuss the topic with your group members: Are you sometimes troubled by your dreams? Share one ofyour unusual dreams with your peers.▇Answers for reference:(Open.)Script：InceptionCOBB: You create the world of the dream. You’ll bring the subject into that dream, and then they feel it in their subconscious.ARIADNE: How could you ever acquire enough detail to make him think that’s reality?COBB: Our dreams. We feel real while we’re in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your dreams, do you? You always wind up right in the middle of what’s going on.ARIADNE: I guess. Yeah.COBB: So ... how did we end up here?ARIADNE: We just came here from the...COBB: Think about it, Ariadne. How did you get here? Where are you right now?ARIADNE: Oh my God. We’re dreaming.COBB: We’re actually asleep in the workshop right now. This is your first lesson in shared dreaming, remember?Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What is the main idea of the passage?A) The rapid changing world we live in.B) The important role the Internet plays in our life.C) The important role technology plays in our life.D) The important role modern transportation plays in our life.2) What does the passage say about the Internet?A) It provides us with the quickest means for communication.B) It provides us with the quickest means to collect information.C) It provides us with the quickest means to talk to each other.D) It provides us with modern means of transportation.3) Why is the journey to the outer space not a dream any more?A) Because people can go anywhere now.B) Because people can travel to the outer space by airplane now.C) Because the modern means of transportation makes the journey smoother.D) Because people can travel to the outer space by rockets and space shuttles.4) How does technology help prolong our life?A) Patients can go anywhere to seek modern medicine.B) With modern medicine, people with cancer do not suffer from the pain.C) With modern medicine, people with AIDs do not suffer from the pain.D) With modern medicine, some deadly diseases can be treated now.5) How does technology expand our vision of the world?A) It gives us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.B) It makes our life easier and more convenient.C) It helps us spread our ideas more quickly.D) It brings us more advanced products.▇ Answers for Reference:1) C 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) ASection C Task Two: Zooming in on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1) __________ much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the 2) __________ of information but also for correspondence.Secondly, modern means of 3) __________, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4) __________ and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into 5) __________ space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6) __________ have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and 7) __________ patients from pain. Some deadly 8) __________, such as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our 9) __________ of the world. It provides us with larger 10) __________ by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.▆ Answers:Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1) communication much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the 2) collection of information but also for correspondence. Secondly, modern means of 3) transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4) smoother and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into 5) outer space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6) shuttles have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and 7) relieves patients from pain. Some deadly 8) diseases, such as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our 9) vision of the world. It provides us with larger 10) possibilities by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.Script:What Has Technology Brought Us?Technology plays a vital role in our society. It makes our life more comfortable and convenient. Without it, we couldn’t evolve or cope up with the ever changing world we live in.Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Today, the Internet is widely used not only for the collection of information but also for correspondence.Secondly, modern means of transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smoother and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To journey into outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles have made the dream come true.Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and relieves patients from pain. Some deadly diseases, such as cancer and AIDS can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.Last but not least, technology expands our vision of the world. It provides us with larger possibilities by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.It is hard to imagine what the world would be like without technology.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main Ideas1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Did material and technological advances make Americans happier according to the survey?2)What is the relationship between money and happiness according to Easterlin?3)How does technology affect human relationships according to the author?4)In which field does technology have the most important impact on people’s sense of well-being accordingto the author?5)What does the author think of the relationship between technology and happiness?▆ Answers for Reference:1)No. The survey showed that the majority of Americans did not become happier with the advancement oftechnology. In fact, the percentage of people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s, even though their income has increased considerably.2)According to Easterlin, money cannot make people happier after a certain point, that is, when people areable to meet the needs for a decent life.3)According to the author, with technological inventions such as linked databases, the Internet and TV,people have less privacy and less time for real world communication. As a result, they tend to be more lonely and depressed.4)The most important impact of technology on people’s life is in the field of health care. The developmentof medical technology has greatly increased people’s life expectancy and improved their quality of life.So the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be.5)On the whole, the author holds that technology and happiness are not necessarily closely related.Throughout the text, the author cites examples to illustrate that the advances in technology do not necessarily make people happier.2.Text A can be divided into five Parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne1-2 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Two3-5 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three6-9 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four10 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Five11 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________▆▆ Answers for Reference:Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-2 Material and technological advances do not really bringhappiness to people in the developed countries. ThoughAmericans now are wealthier than they were in the middleof the last century, they are not happier than they used tobe.Two 3-5 Technology and happiness are not necessarily closelycorrelated because people adapt to technological progresstoo quickly.Three 6-9 The current comments on technology have mostly centeredon the bad effects of technology on human relationshipsrather than particular, harmful technologies.Four 10 The most important impact of technology on people’s senseof well-being is in the field of health care.Five 11 People in general claim that on a deeper level, technologycannot bring happiness to them, which is just contradictoryto the fact that it has greatly improved people’s health andlife expectancy.Section B In-depth StudyIn the present era, all of us are enthusiastically pursuing technological advancement and take it for granted that the development of technology will make us happier. However, little evidence can be found to prove the correlation between technology and happiness once material and technological advances reach a certain level. The text below may provide you with some insights into this issue.Technology and HappinessJames Surowiecki1 In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances that were unimaginable in previous eras. In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita tripled from 1950 to 2000. Life expectancy soared. The boom in productivity after World War II made goods better and cheaper at the same time. Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls, became necessities. And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries.2 By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans are better off now than they were in the middle of the last century. Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you find that they are no happier than they were in 1946 (which is when formal surveys of happiness started). In fact, the percentage of people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s— even though the income of people born in 1940 has, on average, increased by 116 percent over the course of their working lives. You can find similar data for most developed countries.3 The relationship between happiness and technology has been an eternal subject for social critics and philosophers since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists.The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Easterlin showed that when it came to developed countries, there was no real correlation between a nation’s income level and its citizens’ happiness. Money, Easterlin argued, could not buy happiness —at least not after a certain point. Easterlin showed that though poverty was strongly correlated with misery, once a country was solidly middle-class, getting wealthier did not seem to make its citizens any happier.4 This seems to be close to a universal phenomenon. In fact, one of happiness scho lars’ most important insights is that people adapt very quickly to good news. Take lottery winners for example. One famous study showed that although winners were very, very happy when they won, their extreme excitement quickly evaporated, and after a while their moods and sense of well-being were indistinguishable from what they had been before the victory.5 So, too, with technology: no matter how dramatic a new innovation is, no matter how much easier it makes our lives, it is very easy to take it for granted. You can see this principle at work in the world of technology every day, as things that once seemed miraculous soon become common and, worse, frustrating when they don’t work perfectly. It’s hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were li ke before the new technology came along.6 Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology makes no difference? No. It just makes the question of technology’s impact, for good or ill, more complicated. Let’s start with t he downside. There are certain ways in which technology makes life obviously worse. Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft all come to mind. These are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy. But for the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as on the impact of technology on our human relationships.7 Privacy has become increasingly fragile in a world of linked databases. In many workplaces, technologies like keystroke monitoring and full recordings of phone calls make it easier to watch workers. The notion that technology disrupts relationships and fractures community gained mainstream prominence as an attack on television. Some even say that TV is chiefly responsible for the gradual isolation of Americans from each other. Similarly, some others stress the harmful effects of the Internet, which supposedly further isolates people from what is often called “the real world”.8 This broad criticism of technology’s impact on relationships is an interesting one and is especially relevant to the question of happiness, because one of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.9 Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few months there’s going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you’re going to be stuck with the old one. Someone else, in other words, has it better. It’s as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning.10 Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about youthan you would like it to —these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people’s sense of well-being. But the most important impact of technology on peopl e’s sense of well-being is in the field of health care. Before the Industrial Revolution, two out of every three Europeans died before the age of 30. Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase. The point is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was nasty, rough, and short. Technology has changed that, at least for people in the rich world. As much as we should worry about the rising cost of health care and the problem of the uninsured, it’s also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us.11 On a deeper level, what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level: even though people may not be happier, even though t hey are wealthier and possess more technology, they’re still as hungry as ever for more time. It’s like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。
