2007年在职硕士联考英语真题及参考答案

2007年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案(7)Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46） Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as partand parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47） On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.（48） But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49） In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic。

Text 3 During the past generation， the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip， a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation， millions of mothers have gone to work， transforming basic family economics. Scholars，policymakers， and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes， but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom） who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today， a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period， families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers， airline employees， and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates， stock market fluctuation， and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families， the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers， with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family， as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective， much of this， understandably， looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility， and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun， and the political fallout may not be far behind. [421 words] 31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that [A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared. [B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased. [C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics. [D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance. 32. As a result of President Bush's reform， retired people may have [A] a higher sense of security. [B] less secured payments. [C] less chance to invest. [D] a guaranteed future. 33. According go the author， health-savings plans will [A] help reduce the cost of healthcare. [B] popularize among the middle class. [C] compensate for the reduced pensions. [D] increase the families investment risk. 34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks. [B] the middle class may face greater political challenges. [C] financial problems may bring about political problems. [D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status. 35. Which of the following is the best title for this text？ [A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff [C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruins。

在职硕士学位入学资格考试GCT英语真题2007年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Living things can sense and ______ changes in their surroundings.SSS_SINGLE_SELA decide onB make upC lead toD respond to该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D[注释] decide on 意思为“决定”；make up 意思为“弥补”；lead to意思为“导致”； respond to意思为“应对”。

请注意本句话中第一个动词sense 与第二个动词的并列对应关系。

只有D选项符合本句话的语境，全句意思为“生物能够感应并应对周围环境的变化”。

2.Some persons ______ fishing simply for fun.SSS_SINGLE_SELA makeB enjoyC seekD feel该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B[注释] 本句话的关键考点为非谓语动词的正确搭配，只有B选项的enjoy能与后面的动名词fishing搭配。

3.In space, ______ and equipment need many forms of protection.SSS_SINGLE_SELA pilotsB engineersC astronautsD scientists该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C[注释] 本句话的关键是正确理解语境信息In space(在太空)，只有C选项的astronauts(宇航员)与前面的语境(在太空)有直接联系。

2007年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 3. V ocabulary 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Cloze 6. Error Detection 7. Translation 9. WritingPaper OneDialogue CommunicationSection ADirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1．A: How about having lunch with me today, Paul? B: ______A．I’ll see you then.B．Thanks a lot.C．Sounds great!D．I can come any time.正确答案：C解析：C项意思简单明了：“这主意听起来好极了”，表示接受邀请。

B 项没有表态是否接受邀请，D项回答说任何时候都可以来，而Paul发出的邀请是在今天，所以信息不对等。

2．A: I’m anxious to get started on my project. Can we discuss it sometime before the weekend? B: ______A．Why didn’t, you tell me earlier?B．Yes, that could be arranged.C．I can’t spend any time.D．Yes, it’s easy to discuss it.正确答案：B解析：C、D两项都回答了问话，但C项不礼貌，直截了当地拒绝，回答得太粗暴。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。

第一段指出独立运动领导人对于新国家理念的共同之处。

第二段指出领导人存在分歧的方面。

第三段是总结，指出平等主义在新国家的实现比较缓慢。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]natives本地人[B]inhabitants居民[C]peoples民族[D]individuals个人【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.422【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。

空所在的语境为：大约200万这些国家的看到未来。

显然这里填的词应该表示这些国家的居民。

四个选项中B项最能准确表达此项含义，故答案为B。

2.[A]confusedly困惑地[B]cheerfully快乐地[C]worriedly焦虑地[D]hopefully有希望地【答案】D【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.569【解析】显然这里填的一个词是形容民众是如何看待未来的状况的。

文章首句已经说明这些前殖民地相继独立，对于刚脱离殖民统治的民众来说，这是应该一个令人欣喜的事件，因此，后文的论述也应与此一致。

D项最能反映这一情形，故答案为D。

3.[A]shared分享[B]forgot忘记[C]attained获得[D]rejected拒绝【答案】A【考点】词汇搭配【难度系数】0.418【解析】空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。

显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。

能表现一个群体拥有共同想法的动词只有A，故答案为A。

4.[A]related与……有联系[B]close接近[C]open开放的[D]devoted专心致志于做……【答案】C【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.273【解析】我们已经判断出文章对这些领导人行为描述都是正面的，那么职业对有才能的人开放应该符合这种态度，故答案为C。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Section I Use of English Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 大1家 of these nations looked 大2家 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 大3家 the ideals of representative representative government, government, careers 大4家 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 大5家 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 大6家 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 大7家 set of laws.On the issue of 大8家 of religion and the position of the church, 大9家, there was less agreement 大1010家家 the leadership. Roman Catholicism Catholicism had had been the state religion religion and and the only one 大1111家家 by the Spanish crown. 大1212家家 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 大1313家家 the the official official official religion religion religion of of of the the new states, states, some some some sought sought sought to to to end end the 大1414家家 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 大1515家家 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 大1616家家 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain Spain’’s 大1717家家 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people people of mixed of mixed of mixed origin came origin came origin came much much 大1818家家 because the because the new nations still new nations still needed the revenue such policies 大1919家家. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 大2020家家 self-rule and democracy. 1. ［A ］ natives ［B ］ inhabitants ［C ］ peoples ［D ］ individuals  2. ［A ］ confusedly ［B ］ cheerfully ［C ］ worriedly ［D ］ hopefully  3. ［A ］ shared ［B ］ forgot ［C ］ attained ［D ］ rejected  4. ［A ］ related ［B ］ close ［C ］ open ［D ］ devoted  5. ［A ］ access ［B ］ succession ［C ］ right ［D ］ return  6. ［A ］ Presumable ［B ］ Incidentally ［C ］ Obviously ［D ］ Generally  7. ［A ］ unique ［B ］ common ［C ］ particular ［D ］ typical  8. ［A ］ freedom ［B ］ origin ［C ］ impact ［D ］ reform  9. ［A ］ therefore ［B ］ however ［C ］ indeed ［D ］ moreover  10. ［A ］ with ［B ］ about ［C ］ among ［D ］ by  11. ［A ］ allowed ［B ］ preached ［C ］ granted ［D ］ funded  12. ［A ］ Since ［B ］ If ［C ］ Unless ［D ］ While  13. ［A ］ as ［B ］ for ［C ］ under ［D ］ against  14. ［A ］ spread ［B ］ interference ［C ］ exclusion ［D ］ influence  15. ［A ］ support ［B ］ cry ［C ］ plea ［D ］ wish  16. ［A ］ urged ［B ］ intended ［C ］ expected ［D ］ promised  17. ［A ］ controlling ［B ］ former ［C ］ remaining ［D ］ original  18. ［A ］ slower ［B ］ faster ［C ］ easier ［D ］ tougher  19. ［A ］ created ［B ］ produced ［C ］ contributed ［D ］ preferred  20. ［A ］ puzzled by ［B ］ hostile to ［C ］ pessimistic about ［D ］ unprepared for Section II R eading ComprehensionReading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing choosing [A], [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your your answers answers answers on on ANSWERSHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer playerin 20062006’’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children conceive children in in in springtime, springtime, springtime, at at at the annual the annual the annual peak of soccer mania; peak of soccer mania; peak of soccer mania; d) d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in in ““none of the above.above.”” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, grew up in Sweden, and studied and studied and studied nuclear nuclear nuclear engineering until engineering until engineering until he realized he realized he realized he he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. Ericsson recalls. ““He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not is not genetically genetically genetically determined, determined, determined, led led led Ericsson to Ericsson to Ericsson to conclude that conclude that conclude that the act of the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes encodes””the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating repeating a a task. Rather, Rather, it it involves involves setting setting setting specific specific specific goals, goals, goals, obtaining obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data data they they they can, can, not not just just just performance performance performance statistics statistics statistics and and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming programming –– are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word 22. The word ““mania mania”” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires requires immediate immediate immediate feedback feedback feedback and and a high degree degree of of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] [A] ““Faith will move mountains.Faith will move mountains.””[B] [B] ““One reaps what one sows.One reaps what one sows.””[C] [C] ““Practice makes perfect.Practice makes perfect.””[D] [D] ““Like father, like son.Like father, like son.””Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called called ““Ask Marilyn.Marilyn.”” Peopleare invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about about 23 23 years years old; old; old; that that gave gave her her an IQ of 228 228 –– the the highest highest highest score score score ever ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What What’’s s the difference the difference the difference between love between love between love and fondness? Or what is the nature and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? coincidence? It It It’’s not obvious how the capacity to visualizeobjects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, Clearly, intelligence intelligence intelligence encompasses encompasses encompasses more more more than than than a a score score on on a test. test. Just Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children children’’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant Savant’’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution distribution among among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological chronological age age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed necessary to succeed in in in school school school and in and in and in life, argues life, argues life, argues Robert J. Robert J. Robert J. Sternberg. Sternberg. In his In his article article article ““How How Intelligent Is Intelligent Is Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?Intelligence Testing?Intelligence Testing?””, , Sternberg Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem critical to problem solving solving solving and and and life success. life success. life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it ’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People [A] People no longer no longer no longer use IQ scores use IQ scores use IQ scores as as as an indicator of intelligence. an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant Savant’’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant [C] vos Savant’’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one ’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author 30. What is the author’’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, diagnosis, or or a disappearing disappearing spouse spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today as well. Today’’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck two-paycheck status. status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times times of of financial financial setback setback setback –– a back-up back-up earner earner earner (usually (usually (usually Mom) Mom) Mom) who who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This This ““added-worker effect effect”” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help familiesweather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining joining millions millions of families families who who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, younger families, the picture the picture the picture is is is not not not any any any better. Both better. Both better. Both the absolute the absolute the absolute cost cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much workers, with much workers, with much higher deductibles and higher deductibles and higher deductibles and a large new a large new dose of investment risk for families ’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today 31. Today’’sdouble-income families are at greater financial risk in that [A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush 32. As a result of President Bush’’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families [D] increase the families’’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted sorted out out their worst accounting accounting and and compliance compliance troubles, troubles, troubles, and and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America America –– the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss ’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several Several massive massive leakages leakages of of customer customer and and employee employee data data this year year –– from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data Data is is becoming becoming an an asset asset which which which needs needs needs to to be be guarded guarded guarded as as much much as as any other asset,other asset,”” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University ’s business school. school. ““The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible responsible for for on behalf behalf of of shareholders.shareholders.”” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York ’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore to restore –– and that and that few things are more few things are more few things are more likely to destroy trust than likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs affairs may may have been encouraged encouraged –– though though not not justified justified –– by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information aboutsome some 40 40 million million credit-card credit-card credit-card accounts accounts accounts in in in America, America, America, disclosed disclosed disclosed on on June June 1717th ,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America ’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement 36. The statement ““It never rains but it pours ” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According 37. According to to Paragraph Paragraph 2, 2, some organizations organizations check check their systems systems to tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders [A] shareholders’’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC [B] FTC’’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A —G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids B. Build Your Kids’’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids G. Build Your Kids’’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job job’’sstarting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult ’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes , that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.work-life unreadiness.””大4141家家 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests interests they they keep coming back to, as theseoffer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大4242家家 Kids Kids need need need a a range range of of of authentic authentic authentic role role role models models models –– as opposed opposed to to to members members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table dinner-table discussions discussions discussions about about about people people people the the the family family family knows knows knows and and how how they they they got got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.idea.”” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大4343家家 Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice practice delaying delaying delaying gratification gratification gratification and and deploying deploying effective effective effective organizational organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大4444家家 Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大4545家家 They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. of inadequacy. They They They should should should also also also learn how learn how learn how to solve to solve to solve problems and problems and problems and resolve resolve conflicts, conflicts, ways ways to brainstorm brainstorm and and think critically. critically. Discussions Discussions Discussions at at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major major role role role to to to play, play, play, but but but now now now it it it is is is more more more delicate. delicate. delicate. They They They have have have to to to be be be careful careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived conceived as as it may seem) while becominga partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and judgment by absorbing and reflecting reflecting reflecting on on on law is a law is a law is a desirable component of desirable component of a journalist a journalist’’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities responsibilities of of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The subject for journalists. The better better better informed they informed they informed they are about are about are about the way the way the way the the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, manysmall languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

8.[A］freedom ［B] origin [C］impact [D] reform9。

［A] therefore [B］however [C] indeed ［D］moreover10.[A］with [B] about ［C] among ［D] by11.［A] allowed ［B］preached [C] granted [D] funded12。

［A] Since ［B] If ［C］Unless [D] While13.[A］as [B] for [C] under [D] against14.[A］spread ［B］interference ［C] exclusion ［D］influence15。

［A］support [B］cry [C] plea [D］wish16.［A］urged ［B] intended [C] expected ［D] promised17。

[A] controlling ［B］former [C］remaining ［D] original18。

［A］slower ［B] faster [C] easier ［D］tougher19.［A] created [B] produced [C］contributed ［D] preferred20.［A］puzzled by ［B］hostile to ［C］pessimistic about ［D］unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts。

Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A］，［B］, ［C］, or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。

（40 points）Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament，youwould most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b）winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity，which increasessoccer stamina; c) soccer—mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccermania; d）none of the above。

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二试卷Contents2007 (2)Section I Use of English (20 minutes, 10%) (2)Section II Reading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%) (3)Section III Translation (20 minutes, 20%) (11)Section IV Writing (40 minutes, 20%) (13)2007 答案 (13)英语二试卷一[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用]Section ⅠUse of English (20 minutes, 10%)Section ⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%) 考生须知1. 本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。

试卷一满分60分，考试时间为90分钟，14:30开始，16:00结束；试卷二满分40分，考试时间为60分钟，16:00开始，17:00结束。

2. 请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

3. 本试卷一为A型试卷，其答案必须用2B铅笔填涂在A型答题卡上，做在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。

答题前，请核对答题卡是否A型卡，若不是，请要求监考员予以更换。

4. 在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在答案对应的字母上划线，如[A] [B] [C] [D]。

5. 监考员宣布试卷一考试结束时，请立即停止答试卷一，将试卷一及其答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，继续做试卷二。

监考员将到座位上收取试卷一及其答题卡。

6. 监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据），否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

英语二试卷二[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用]Section ⅢTranslation (20 minutes, 20%)Section ⅣWriting (40 minutes, 20%)考生须知1. 试卷二满分40分，考试时间为60分钟，16:00开始，17:00结束。

2007年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Cloze Test 5. Translation 6. WritingPart I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Speaker A: I’d like to arrange a meeting to discuss our new plan. Are you free tomorrow?Speaker B: ______A．I couldn’t agree more.B．I’m quite sure of it.C．If only I hadn’t had a prior engagement.D．I’m afraid I’m not available until Friday.正确答案：D解析：A说：”我想安排一个会议来讨论一个我们的新计划。

你明天有空吗”?答案意思是”恐怕我星期五才有空”。

2007 年外语运用能力测试 英语
Part One Vocabulary and Structure
Directions:
There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and
C. the twice price
D. the price twice
Part Two Reading Comprehension
Directions:
In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements.
C. They felt much more comfortable with the synthetic balls.
D. They believed the new balls would soon be replaced.
13. Which of the following contributes to the better control of the balls?
the way the ball bounces.
11. The NBA started using synthetic basketballs instead of leather ones because ______.
A. NBA players had used the leather balls for too long a time
Physics at the University of Texas. The scientists investigated friction that affects the ability of a player to hold

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]，［B］，[C] or ［D] on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points）By 1830， the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations。

The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government， careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society。

6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church，9 , there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere exceptSpain’s17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section l Use of English1. [答案][B][分析]词义辨析题，“native”意为本地人，本国人，指一个地方原始居民或长期居住者中的一位；“inhabitant ”意为居民，居住者，指长期居住在某地的人；“people”意为人，人们，本身通常为复数；“individual”意为个体，指具有自己独特个性的、作为个体存在的人。

前面句子说一些殖民地已经成为独立国家，本句话说这些国家的…展望着未来，说明本句话指的是生活在这些国家的人民，所以应选B。

2. [答案][D][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题，“confusedly”意为“困惑地，混乱地”；“cheerfully”意为“高兴地，愉快地”；“worriedly”意为“担心地，担忧地”；“hopefully”意为“满怀希望地，抱有希望地”。

所填之词修饰“looked to the future”，所以本题应选D。

3. [答案][A][分析]词义辨析与搭配题，“share”意为“分享，共享”，指与另一个人或其他人共同享有或具有；“forget”意为“忘记，忘却”；“attain”意为“获得，得到”，指经过努力得到；“reject”意为“拒绝，不接受”。

句子的主语是“many of the leaders”，根据前面的“Born in the crisis of the old regime…”可知，应选A。

4. [答案][C][分析]词义搭配题，所填之词与“to”搭配。

“related to”意为“与…有关”；“close to”意为“接近…”；“open to”意为“向…开放”；“devoted to”意为“投身于…”，主语通常是人。

所填之词与“to talent(有才能者)”搭配，修饰“careers”，所以本题应选C。

5. [答案][C][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题，“a ccess”指接近、进入或使用权力。

2007年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二试卷一2007年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二试卷一SectionⅠ Use of English (20 minutes, 10%) Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blasnk form A, B, C or D.The adults the United States constitute a work force about 81 million people, of whom only 27 million possess a marketable skill as a result of conscious career development. The remaining 2/3 of the work force, not 015 million unemployed, have managed to 02a livelihood, without special skills or experience. During their employed 03 , these individuals will hold many different jobs, 04 the most part unrelated to each other.05 ab out 2.5 million young people a year06 high school or college, with little or no idea of what to do 07 their lives. I estimate that upwards of 50 percent of our young people now in school or college have no real goals toward08 to aim, and 10 them systematically.There are 11 jobs all over the country. Yet, 17 percent of our under-twenty age group are unemployed, many of them 12 welfare. More than 30 percent of our minority young people of this age group are unemployed. 13 none of these young people had the 14 of career education or the traditional technical education 15 in many schools. Is it any 16 that student’s unrest is the result of the unchanging institutional 17 that have failed to make learning useful or meaningful for those who now want more 18 teaching and learning useful or meaningful for those who now want more 18 teaching and learning than the system offers? In fact, our 19 of career development in recent years has done damage to the total educational 20 of both the individual and the nation..01. A. calculating B. counting C. amountingD. computing02. A. build B. open C. enter D. keep03. A. life B. time C. livelihood D. period04. A. in B. by C. with D. for05. A. Roughly B. Strangely C. CurrentlyD. Obviously06. A. graduate B. finish C. complete D. leave07. A. to B. with C. about D.in08. A. what B. that C. which D. those09. A. information B. knowledge C. practice D. literacy10. A. promoting B. continuing C. pursuingD. advancing11. A. potential B. unfilled C. unfitted D. redundant12. A. on B. by C. in D. to13. A. Frequently B. Virtually C. UsuallyD. Apparently14. A. benefits B. chances C. results D. records15. A. accessible B. assessable C. availableD. desirable16. A. secret B. shock C. miracle D.wonder17. A. programs B. codes C. levels D. orders18. A. exotic B. profitable C. reasonable D. realistic19. A. neglect B. defect C. fault D. defeat20. A. deeds B. needs C. causes D. quests SectionⅡ Reading (70 minutes, 50%)Part ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D.The place of public education within a democratic society has been widely discussed and debated throughout the years. Perhaps no one has written more widely on the subject in the United States than “the father of public education.” John Dewey. Dewey asserted that education contains a large social component designed to provide direction and assure children’s development through their participation in the group to which they belong. Inexplaining education as a social act, he regarded the classroom as a replica (exact copy) of society.Dewey believed that just as humans need sleep, food, water and shelter for physiological renewal, they also need education to renew their minds, assuring that their socialization keeps pace with physiological growth. He thought that education should provide children with a nurturing atmosphere to encourage the growth of their as-yet-undeveloped social customs and that the steadying and organizing influences of school should provide direction indirectly through the selection of the situations in which the youngster participated.Above all, Dewey saw public education as a catalyst (motive force) for growth. Since the young came to school capable of growth, it was the role of education to provide opportunities for that growth to occur. Thesuccessful school environment is one in which a desire for continued growth is created –- a desire that extends throughout one’s life beyond the end of formal education. In Dewey’s model, the role of education in a democratic society is not seen as a preparation for some later stage in life, such as adulthood. Rather, education is seen as a process of growth that never ends, with human beings continuously expanding their capacity for growth. Neither did Dewey’s model see education as a means by which the past was repeated. Instead, education was a continuous reconstruction of experiences, grounded very much in the present environment. Since Dewey’s model places a heavy emphasis on the social component, the nature of the larger society that supports the educational system is of vital importance. The ideal larger society, according to Dewey, is one in which the interests of a group are shared by all of its members andin which interactions with other groups are free and full. He believed that education in such a society should provide members of the group a stake or interest in social relationships and he ability to facilitate change without compromising the order and stability of the society. His teachings continue to play a significant role in the formulation of curriculum geared toward the furthering of democratic principles -------the school system and beyond. 21.Dewey pictured the classroom as a replica of society because.A.t he classroom is immune to social invasion.B.Society imposes its principles on education.C.T he school is a crucial component ofsociety.D.E ducation comprises social interactions.22.Dewey’s philosophy implies that the lack of education for a child would.A.b e mentally destroying.B.Be life intimidating.C.B lock his physical renewal.D.C ause faulty socialization.23.Dewey considered all of the following as true EXCEPT.A.h is model should affect curriculumformulation.B.Direction provided by education should besubtle.C.S chools must foster their participants inevery way.D.I ntellectual renewal must go with physicalgrowth.24.According to Dewey, the goal of education is toA.s atisfy the diverse desires of the youth.B.Impart ready experiences to the young.C.P ave the way for youngsters’ ambitions.D.M ake profound impacts on the students.25.Dewey believed that in the ideal society education shouldA.p romote democratic social principles atlarge.B.Make social groups enjoy commoninterests.C.K eep social stability from beingendangered.D.R eform the established social order mildly.26.The author suggests that Dewey’s theoryA.d ominates educational philosophy.B.Is the by-product of social idealism.C.F ar exceeds the realm of education.D.I s sure to arouse a social revolution.Part BYou are going to read an extract about curriculum. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (27-32). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.CurriculumIt seems fairly obvious that if teachers are to he the ones responsible for developing the curriculum, they need the time, the skills and the support to do so. Support may include curriculum models and guidelines. It should alsoinclude counseling and bilingual support, and may include support from individuals acting in a curriculum advisory position. The provision of such support cannot be removed from, and must not be seen in isolation from, the curriculum.27____________________In many institutions, it is customary to identify teachers as ‘experienced’or ‘inexperienced’according to the number of years they have been teaching (a common cut-off figure seems to be four or five).28 ________________________In general, there is a great deal of confusion over the term ‘curriculum’, Many teachers see ‘the curriculum’as a set of prescriptive statements about what ‘should happen’. This makes any reference to curriculum matters by outsiders quite threatening.29 _____________________This, in fact, returns us to the point that the relationship between planning, teaching and learning is extremely complex. The notion thatthere is a simple equation between these three components of the curriculum (i.e. that ‘what is planned’=’what is taught = ‘what is learned’) is naïve, simplistic and misleading. It is crucial for those involved in course and program evaluation to be aware of this complexity.30 ________________________The amount that a teacher working alone can achieve is strictly limited. The best teacher- based curriculum development occurs as the result of team efforts, when groups of teachers with similar concerns or with similar students work together to develop a program or course.31 __________________In the past, within the Adult Migrant Education Program, there has been a tendency for initiatives which have curricular implications to be introduced on a grand scale in an unsystematic way with very little monitoring and evaluation. The adoption of a learner-centered approach to curriculum is a case in point.32____________________Many of the problems which are attributed to lack of curriculum continuity flow directly from the adoption of a learner-centered philosophy and the requirement, inherent in this philosophy, that the classroom practitioner be the principal agent of curriculum development, It may well be that a certain amount of discontinuity is inevitable, the price we pay for the chosen philosophy. There is certainly no single or simple solution.A Other examples include the development of self-access centers and the introduction of bilingual information officers. The same may well be said of plans to introduce counseling services, bilingual assistants and curriculum advisors. There is a great deal to be said for curriculum development to occur through small-scale case studies and action research projects which are adequately planned, closely monitored and properly evaluated, rather thanthrough large-scale national initiatives. Teachers are certainly inclined to adopt an innovation which is the result of successful practice than an untested idea which is thrust upon them.B If teachers are to be the principal agents of curriculum development, they need to develop a range of skills which go beyond classroom management and instruction. Curriculum development will therefore be largely a matter of appropriate staff development.C One of the points which emerged most strongly from the study was the fact that continuity in language programs is not just a curricular or pedagogical problem. It is an administrative, management and organizational problem as well as a counseling and curriculum-support.D Such collaboration may or may not include team teaching. While team teaching is recognized by teachers as being highly desirable desirable, many reported that they were prevented from adopting a team approach byadministrative and bureaucratic inflexibility.E There is a need for the scope of curriculum to be expanded to include not only what ‘should happen’, but also what ‘does happen’. Curriculum practice should thus be derived as much from successful practice as from statements of intent.F In terms of the provision of support, other teachers have the highest credibility in the eyes of practitioners. The practice of removing competent teachers from the classroom to be administrators or advisors results in an immediate drop in credibility. It may be more desirable to target practitioners who expertise in a limited domain, e.g.’literacy’or ‘assessment’, than as ‘experts’across the total field of curriculum activityG However, it may well be that there is no such thing as an ‘experienced’teacher, if by experienced is meant a teacher who can, at a moment’s notice and with minimal support, plan, implement and evaluate a course in anyarea of the Program. This was demonstrated by the experience of Sally. It also emerged in interviews where only one or two percent of teachers indicated indicated that they would be able to teach in an unfamiliar area without support.Part CYou are going to read a passage about the role of textbooks in language teaching. Choose from the list A-G the headings which best summarize each paragraph (33-38) of the passage. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.33 __________________________Textbooks are key component in most language programs. In some situations they serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that occurs in the classroom. They may provide the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of language practice the students take part in. In other situations, the textbook may serve primarily tosupplement the teacher’s instruction. For learners. The textbook may provide the major source of contact they have with the language apart from input provided by the teacher.34 ______________________In the case of inexperienced teachers textbooks may also serve as a form of teacher training – they provide ideas on how to plan and teach lessons as well as formats that teachers can use. Much of the language teaching that occurs throughout the world today could not take place without the extensive use of cormmercial textbooks. Learning how to use and adapt textbooks is hence an important part of a teacher’s professional knowledge.35 ______________________Textbooks, however, sometimes present inauthentic language since texts, dialogs and other aspects of content tend to be specially written to incorporate teaching points and are often not representative of real language use. Textbooks often present an idealized view of theworld or fail to representative of real issues. Furthermore, if teachers use textbooks as the primary source of their teaching, leaving the textbook and teacher’s manual to make the major instructional decisions of them, the teacher’s role can become reduced to that of a technician whose primarily function is to present materials prepared by others.36________________________With such an array of commercial textbooks and other kinds of instructional materials to choose from teachers and others responsible for choosing materials need to be able to make informed judgments about textbooks and teaching materials. Evaluation, however, can only be done by considering something in relation to its purpose. A book may be ideal in one situation because it matches the needs of that situation perfectly. It has just the right amount of material for the program, it is easy to teach, it can be used with little preparation by inexperienced teachers, and it has an equalcoverage of grammar and the four skills. However the same book in a different situation may turn out to be quite unsuitable.37 ___________________________Two factors are involved in the development of commercial textbooks: those representing the interests of the author, and those representing the interests of the publisher. The author is generally concerned to produce a text that teachers will find innovative, creative, relevant to their learners’ needs, and that they will enjoy teaching from. The author is generally hopeful that the book will be successful and make a financial profit since a large investment of the author’s personal time and effort is involved. The publisher is primarily motivated by financial success.38 __________________________When developing materials, the publisher will try to satisfy teachers’ expectations as to what a textbook at a certain level should contain. For example, if an introductory ESL textbook doesnot include the present continuous in the first level of the book, teachers may feel that it is defective and not wish to use it. In an attempt to make an author’s manuscript usable in as large a market as possible, the publisher often has to change it substantially. Some of these changes are necessitated by the fact teachers with very different levels of experience, training, and teaching skill might be using the book.A Textbooks have limitations and disadvantages.B Textbooks can be adapted in classroom teaching.C Textbooks need to be evaluated before they are adopted.D Textbooks should meet teacher’needs in classroom teaching.E Textbook development often serves different purposes.F Textbooks provide the major source of learning.G Textbooks facilitate teachers’ professionaldevelopment.Part DYou are going to read a passage about using the native language in the classroom of second language teaching. Decide whether the statements in the box agree with the information given in the passage. You should choose from the following.A YES = the statement agrees with the informationB NO = the statement contradicts the informationC NOT GIVEN = there is no such information in the passageA voiding use of the 1.1 in the classroomWhile fashions in language teaching ebbed and flowed during the twentieth century, certain basic assumptions were accepted by most language teachers. Though these assumptions have affected many generations of students and teachers, they are rarely discussed or presentedto new teachers but are taken for granted as the foundation of language teaching.One of these assumptions is the discouragement of L1 use in the classroom. This convention can be phrased in stronger or weaker forms. At its strongest, it is ‘Ban the L1 from the classroom.’Only in circumstances where the teacher does not speak the students’L1 or the students have different L1 where the teacher does not speak the students’L1 or the students have different L1 could this be achieved. At weakest, the rule is ‘Minimize the L1 in the classroom,’ that is to say, use it as little it as little as possible. A usefulness of the L2 rather than the harm of the first. However the assumption is phrased, the L2 is seen as positive, the L1 as negative. The L1 is not something to be utilized in teaching but to be set aside.Most teaching methods since the 1880s have adopted this Direct Method avoidance of the L1. The monolingual principle., the unique contribution of the twentieth century toclassroom language teaching, remains the bedrock notion form which the others ultimately derive. Communicative language teaching and task-based learning methods have no necessary relationship with the L1, yet, as we shall see, the only times that the L1 is mentioned is when advice is given on how to minimize its use. The main theoretical treatments of task-based learning do not, for example, have any locatable mentions of the classroom use of the L1. Most descriptions of methods portray the ideal classroom as having as little of the L1 as possible, essentially by omitting any reference to it. Perhaps the only exception is the grammar-translation method, which has little or no public support.Avoidance of the L1 lies behind many teaching techniques, even if it is seldom spelled out. Most teaching manuals consider this avoidance as so obvious that no classroom use of the L1 is ever mentioned. Even writers who are less enthusiastic about avoiding the L1 takeissue primarily with the extent to which this is imposed. Those arguing for the L1 to be mixed with the L2 on a deliberate and consistent basis in the classroom are few and far between. Thus, this anti-L1 attitude was clearly a mainstream element in twentieth-century language teaching methodology.This is not to say that teachers do not actually use the L1 every day. Like nature, the L1 creeps back in, however many times you throw it out with a pitchfork. Even in English-only US classrooms ‘the use of the native language is so compelling that it emerges even when policies and assumptions mitigate against it’. The UK National Curriculum still needs to remind teachers 120 years after the Great Reform that ‘the target language is the normal means of communication’. Teachers resort to the L1 despite their best intentions and often feeling guilty for straying from the L2 path.。

2007年在职教育硕士全国联考英语真题及参考答案请点击下载：2007年十月在职英语真题答案如下：Part I Dialogue Communication ( 15 minutes,15 points)1-5 D A B B C 6-10 B B B C APart II V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)11-15 D C B C A 16-20 B D D A A21-25 D C B D A 26-30 A D C A DPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)31-35 B A B C D 36-40 A D C B D41-45 B C C D D 46-50 B C A D CPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)51-55 B B C D A 56-60 C A A D BPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)适量的休息时间对人体精力恢复是绝对必要的。

如果你经常熬夜，或者睡眠不佳，很有可能会感觉身体开始衰弱。

尽管情况因人而异，但大部分人每晚至少需要7-8小时的睡眠才能拥有最佳身体状态。

如果你一直精力不足，则晚上应及早休息。

如果你早晨醒来感觉休息得不错，则说明你夜间的睡眠时间开始正常合理。

如果你每晚睡眠时间超过8小时，仍然感觉精力不济，实际上可能是睡眠过量所致。

偶尔，你会有晚上睡眠不足的时候，如果你的作息时间允许，可以考虑白天休息片刻。

小睡有时是最佳的健康充电方式。